DOCSLIB.ORG

Abou T B En Fran Klin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Abou T B En Fran Klin 3 Continuing Eventsthrough December 31,2006 January 17– March 15, 2006 LEAD SPONSOR B F o O u f O o nding Father nding r KS 1 In Philadelphia EVERYONE IS READING about Ben Franklin www.library.phila.gov The Autobiography Ben and Me Franklin: The Essential of Benjamin Franklin BY ROBERT LAWSON Founding Father RBY BENeJAMIN FRAsNKLIN ource BY JAGMES SRODES uide One Book, One Philadelphia The Books — Three Books for One Founding Father In 2006, One Book, One Philadelphia is joining Ben Franklin 300 Philadelphia to celebrate the tercentenary (300 years) of Franklin’s birth. Franklin’s interests were diverse and wide-ranging. Countless volumes have been written about him. The challenge for the One Book program was to choose works that would adequately capture the true essence of the man and his times. Because of the complexity of this year’s subject, and in order to promote the widest participation possible, One Book, One Philadelphia has chosen to offer not one, but three books about Franklin. This year’s theme will be “Three Books for One Founding Father.” The featured books are: • The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin (various editions) • Ben and Me by Robert Lawson (1939, Little, Brown & Company) • Franklin: The Essential Founding Father by James Srodes (2002, Regnery Publishing, Inc.) The Authors BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, author of The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, was born in 1706 and died in 1790 at the age of 84. He was an author, inventor, businessman, scholar, scientist, revolutionary, and statesman whose contributions to Philadelphia and the world are countless. His autobiography is considered a classic of American literature and covers his life up to his prewar stay in London as representative of the Pennsylvania Assembly. ROBERT LAWSON, author of Ben and Me, was a writer and illustrator who won both the Caldecott Medal and Newbery Medal — two of the most prestigious awards in children’s literature. He illustrated such beloved classics as Mr. Popper’s Penguins and Ferdinand the Bull and wrote and illustrated Ben and Me and Mr. Revere and I. He was born in 1892 and died in 1957. The Rare Book Department of the Free Library of Philadelphia possesses Lawson’s original drawings for Ben and Me. They will be on display at the Central Library throughout the One Book calendar period. JAMES SRODES, author of Franklin: The Essential Founding Father, is an author, journalist, and broadcaster based in Washington, D.C. In addition to his book on Franklin, Mr. Srodes has also written biographies of Allen Dulles and John DeLorean. His book, Allen Dulles: Master of Spies won an award for “Best Intelligence Book” in 2000 from the Association of Former Intelligence Officers. On Franklin: The Essential Founding Father, Harper’s Magazine commented that, “[Srodes’] gift to the familiar Franklin is an accessible style that will see readers to the last page.” Acknowledgements Special thanks to the following people for their assistance in the preparation of this resource guide: Henry Addis, Sibyl Cohen, Vera DaVinci, Jim DeWalt, Marie Field, Iris Griffin, Sue Ströhm, and JoAnn Weinberger. Contents Introduction 1 Questions for Discussion 2 The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin 2 Franklin: The Essential Founding Father 3 Ben and Me 4 Timeline 5 Ben FAQs 6 Materials Related to Benjamin Franklin 9 Books for Adults 9 Books for Children 10 Websites 11 Additional Resources 12 Committees 13 Sponsors and Community Partners 14 Introduction One Book, One Philadelphia is a collaborative initiative of the Office of Mayor John F. Street and the Free Library of Philadelphia. The program seeks to promote reading, literacy, and community by encouraging the Greater Philadelphia population to read and discuss the same books. The Philadelphia program is in its fourth year. This year One Book, One Philadelphia celebrates the fascinating life of Benjamin Franklin with the selection of three books: • The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin (various editions) — Read about Franklin in his own charming words. • Ben and Me by Robert Lawson (1939, Little, Brown & Company) — This is a children’s classic that will be enjoyed by adults and kids alike. The author is the only person to have won both the Caldecott and Newbery Medals. • Franklin: The Essential Founding Father by James Srodes (2002, Regnery Publishing, Inc.) — This excellent biography presents a thorough and comprehensive overview of Franklin’s life and times. Read one or all of the books to learn more about the wonderful Mr. Franklin, as the entire Philadelphia region — and the nation — celebrate his three-hundredth birthday. 1 Questions for Discussion The questions that follow are intended to enhance your reading group’s discussion of these three books about Benjamin Franklin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin Questions prepared by Iris Griffin, Literacy Coach, Office of Curriculum and Instruction, School District of Philadelphia 1. As you read The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, think about Benjamin Franklin’s tone. Is he always being completely serious, or do you detect irony and/or self-mockery? What examples did you find to support your conclusions? 2. What was Benjamin Franklin’s incentive for beginning his autobiography? 3. What reasons were given to prompt Franklin to complete his autobiography and by whom? 4. What does Franklin say must happen before people can depend on correct moral behavior? 5. Why does Franklin place temperance first on his list of virtues? 6. Franklin writes, “My list of virtues contain’d at first but twelve....” What does he add to his list and why? 7. Franklin uses an analogy to explain why he does not try to tackle all of the virtues at once. He compares eliminating faults with pulling weeds from a garden. Explain this analogy in order to emphasize Franklin’s point. 8. What conclusions can you draw about Benjamin Franklin’s attitudes and beliefs based on his plan to achieve moral perfection? Consider developing a character sketch of Ben Franklin based on The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. 9. What modern causes do you support? Tell why. If Franklin were alive today, what modern causes might he support? 10. Reactions to The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin have sometimes been negative. Read the following comment by satirist Mark Twain. What is Twain’s tone in this paragraph — that is, his attitude toward Benjamin Franklin? [Franklin had] a malevolence which is without parallel in history; he would work all day and then sit up nights and let on to be studying algebra by the light of a smoldering fire, so that all the boys might have to do that also, or else have Benjamin Franklin thrown upon them. Not satisfied with these proceedings, he had a fashion of living wholly on bread and water, and studying astronomy at mealtime — a thing which has brought affliction to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin’s pernicious biography. Adapted from Elements of Literature, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston 5th Course. 2 Franklin: The Essential Founding Father by James Srodes Questions prepared by Dr. Sibyl Cohen, Philadelphia Great Books Council 1. Why is concentrating on the “ ’firsts’ in his [Franklin’s] life …to miss the point?” (pg. 392) How was Franklin “the essential founding father?” (Title of Book) Why is Franklin described as the “essential American?” (pg. x) Why is he the “essential ingredient that made change happen?” (pg. 393) How is he “the light that outshone all others?” (pg. 265) What were Franklin’s goals for the United States? Why did he distinguish between “non-negotiable and advisable conditions of peace?”(pg. 360) 2. “For Franklin it became clear that the colonies had to band together in a united force.” (pg. 101) What was the most significant thing he did to help make this happen? Why did Franklin anticipate “a final separation…?” (pg. 218) When did Franklin know that he could not promote the peace between England and the United States? Why did he try? How did his warning letter to Massachusetts Speaker Thomas Cushing and Sam Adams in 1771 act as a catalyst? (pg. 223) 3. How did Franklin exhibit the “13 virtues he would strive to acquire?” (pg. 56) What were his goals? Did he get what he wanted for himself? How did he change? Would you like to have known Franklin as a friend? How old would you like to have been? What age would you like him to be? Why would it make a difference if you were a man friend or a woman friend? 4. Why characterize Franklin as “He never let abuse distract him but he never forgot it?”(pg. 324) Why couldn’t he get along with John Adams? Who were his closest friends? Why was Franklin silent when Wedderburn verbally attacked him? (pg. 248) What is meant by suggesting the “habit of magnaminity” as a reason for this silence? (pg. 250) Why couldn’t Franklin forgive his son, William? (pg. 278) Why did he “cut William and his fiancée off abruptly?” (pg. 168) Why does he create new families? (“He built a small new family?” pg. 270) Whom did Franklin love? Why did he need Anne-Louise Buillon (pg. 347) and Anne-Catherine Helvetius? (pg. 350) 5. How was Franklin able to be scientist, inventor, and consummate communicator? How did he use these skills? Why are Franklin’s “two best skills…to plot strategy in private and to write documents for public purposes?” (pg. 393) 3 Ben and Me by Robert Lawson Questions prepared by Vera DaVinci, Program Manager, Office of Accelerated Learning, School District of Philadelphia 1. This book can be classified as a work of historical fiction. What events in this book really happened? Where in the book did Amos the mouse and narrator revise the facts? 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • “Join Or Die,” America's First Political Cartoon: Benjamin Franklin and The
    “Join or Die,” America’s First Political Cartoon: Benjamin Franklin and the First Plan for Union Courtesy of Library of Congress On May 9, 1754, Benjamin Franklin printed the first political cartoon in American history, a woodcut of a severed snake entitled “Join, or Die,” in his newspaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette . Franklin’s cartoon depicted the British North American colonies as a snake cut into eight segments, with each segment designated with an initial of a separate colony or a region as in the case of New England. An editorial discussing the “disunited state” of the colonies accompanied the cartoon, clearly suggesting that in light of the clear and present danger posed by the French and Native Americans to their security, the colonies faced a critical decision—to unite as a collective unit to repulse the enemy or remain disunited and suffer an inevitable death. The division of the segments of the snake reveals the extent to which Franklin and other intellectuals believed that the colonies of British North America were divided over the decision to go to war with the French and Native Americans for control of the land west of the Appalachian Mountains. Despite this division, it was a well-known superstition of the era that a snake, which had been cut into pieces, would come back to life if each of the pieces were put together before sunset. The caption, “Join, or Die,” implied that the colonies should unite or be exterminated by the French and their Indian allies. Franklin’s cartoon was widely used as a header for newspapers in its time.
    [Show full text]
  • Now Have Taken up the Hatchet Against Them”: Braddock’S Defeat and the Martial Liberation of the Western Delawares
    We “Now Have Taken up the Hatchet against Them”: Braddock’s Defeat and the Martial Liberation of the Western Delawares N 1755 WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA became the setting for a series of transforming events that resonated throughout the colonial world of INorth America. On July 9, on the banks of the Monongahela River— seven miles from the French stronghold of Fort Duquesne—two regi- ments of the British army, together with over five companies of colonial militia, suffered a historic mauling at the hands of a smaller force of French marines, Canadian militia, and Great Lakes Indians. With nearly one thousand casualties, the defeat of General Edward Braddock’s com- mand signified the breakdown of British presence on the northern Appalachian frontier. This rout of British-American forces also had an immense effect on the future of Indians in the Ohio Country, particularly the peoples of western Pennsylvania referred to as the Delawares. I would like to thank the anonymous readers and my teachers and trusted colleagues, Dr. Holly Mayer of Duquesne University and Dr. Mary Lou Lustig, emeritus West Virginia University, for their constructive criticisms and helpful suggestions as I worked through the revision process for this article. THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY Vol. CXXXVII, No. 3 ( July 2013) 228 RICHARD S. GRIMES July From late October 1755 through the spring of 1756, Delaware war parties departing from their principal western Pennsylvania town of Kittanning and from the east in the Susquehanna region converged on the American backcountry. There they inflicted tremendous loss of life and cataclysmic destruction of property on the settlements of Pennsylvania and Virginia.
    [Show full text]
  • David Duncan and His Descendants
    THE STORY OF THOMAS DUNCAN AND HIS SIX SONS BY KATHERINE DUNCAN SMITH (Mrs. J. Morgan Smith) NEW YORK TOBIAS A. WRIGHT, INc. PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS 1928 FOREWORD ESEARCH in Duucan genealogy was begun in 1894 and has been R carried on industriously to this date through Court records, VVills, Deeds, Bible records and tombstone inscriptions which have furnished proof and have affixed the seal of authenticity to much of the recorded data. Interested kinspeople have contributed from their store of family traditions some of which have been found to agree with certain facts and may be considered true. Many letters have been received, principally from descendants of Daniel and Stephen Duncan, extracts of which appear in this history and are mute evidence of the interest the writers feel in their lineage and their desire to worthily live and teach their chil­ dren to hold to the standard set by their ancestors. That there are errors in this publication there can be no doubt, but not of my making for: "I cannot tell how the truth may be; I say the tale as 'twas said to me." (Sir Walter Scott.) The frequent appearance of my name and the very personal nature of this book is warranted, somewhat, by the fact that all along the thought has been it would be distributed, mainly, among the descendants of Daniel and Stephen Duncan, between whose families there is very close relationship because of the intermar­ riage of many cousins. The stretch of years between 1894 and 1928 is a long one and it is not possible for me to estimate the time I have given to my self-imposed task, but if this book shall meet with favor and be prized by those into whose hands it may fall, the hours, days and weeks devoted to The Story of Thom,,as Dun­ can and His Si.r Sons will be remembered by me as pastime.
    [Show full text]
  • American Pioneer Prose Writers
    American Pioneer Prose Writers By Hamilton Wright Mabie JONATHAN EDWARDS Jonathan Edwards was one of the most impressive figures of his time. He was a deep thinker, a strong writer, a powerful theologian, and a constructive philosopher. He was born on October 5, 1703, at East (now South) Windsor, Connecticut. His father, Timothy Edwards, was a minister of East Windsor, and also a tutor. Jonathan, the only son, was the fifth of eleven children. Even as a boy he was thoughtful and serious minded. It is recorded that he never played the games, or got mixed up in the mischief that the usual boy indulges in. When he was only ten years old he wrote a tract on the soul. Two years later he wrote a really remarkable essay on the “Flying Spider.” He entered Yale and graduated at the head of his class as valedictorian. The next two years he spent in New Haven studying theology. In February, 1727, he was ordained minister at Northampton, Massachusetts. In the same year he married Sarah Pierrepont, who was an admirable wife and became the mother of his twelve children. In 1733 a great revival in religion began in Northampton. So intense did this become in that winter that the business of the town was threatened. In six months nearly 300 were admitted to the church. Of course Edwards was a leading spirit in this revival. The orthodox leaders of the church had no sympathy with it. At last a crisis came in Edwards’ relations with his congregation, which finally ended in his being driven from the church.
    [Show full text]
  • Franklin's Kite Experiment
    Benjamin Franklin and Future Science From Lightning to Lighting: Physics and Technology Discharged from Franklin’s Kite Experiment Robert McGrath The Ohio State University [email protected] American Vacuum Society 53rd International Symposium & Exhibition November 16, 2006 1 1726 - 1745 Franklin Established Himself as a Printer in Philadelphia • Prior to 1744, Franklin conducted scientific observations and investigations on effects heat absorption, earthquakes, comets, northern lights, lunar eclipses, paths of storms and invented the “Pennsylvania” stove. • Franklin had a particular interest in Fire Safety: – 1730 - Fire destroyed Fishbourn’s Wharf and surrounding homes; – 1733 - He Published articles in the Pennsylvania Gazette on the failings of fire fighting and prevention in Philadelphia and in 1735 on licensing Chimney Sweeps and forming a fire company like those he had observed in Boston; – December 1736 - Helped found Union Fire Company in Philadelphia; Contributionship – April 1752 - Helped establish the Philadelphia Fire Mark Contributionship, an insurance company for the victims of placed on homes fires. protected by their insurance 2 March 1747: “during the months past, had little leisure for any thing else” • 1744 Philadelphia - Franklin attended an electrical demonstration by Dr. Spencer, sparking his interest in the subject. • 1745 - He received an “electrical tube” from Peter Collinson and begins an intense investigation of electricity. Static Electricity Tube circa 1747 • 28 March, 1747 - Short thank you letter to Collinson:
    [Show full text]
  • Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence Table of Contents
    SIGNERS OF THE UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 56 Men Who Risked It All Life, Family, Fortune, Health, Future Compiled by Bob Hampton First Edition - 2014 1 SIGNERS OF THE UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTON Page Table of Contents………………………………………………………………...………………2 Overview………………………………………………………………………………...………..5 Painting by John Trumbull……………………………………………………………………...7 Summary of Aftermath……………………………………………….………………...……….8 Independence Day Quiz…………………………………………………….……...………...…11 NEW HAMPSHIRE Josiah Bartlett………………………………………………………………………………..…12 William Whipple..........................................................................................................................15 Matthew Thornton……………………………………………………………………...…........18 MASSACHUSETTS Samuel Adams………………………………………………………………………………..…21 John Adams………………………………………………………………………………..……25 John Hancock………………………………………………………………………………..….29 Robert Treat Paine………………………………………………………………………….….32 Elbridge Gerry……………………………………………………………………....…….……35 RHODE ISLAND Stephen Hopkins………………………………………………………………………….…….38 William Ellery……………………………………………………………………………….….41 CONNECTICUT Roger Sherman…………………………………………………………………………..……...45 Samuel Huntington…………………………………………………………………….……….48 William Williams……………………………………………………………………………….51 Oliver Wolcott…………………………………………………………………………….…….54 NEW YORK William Floyd………………………………………………………………………….………..57 Philip Livingston…………………………………………………………………………….….60 Francis Lewis…………………………………………………………………………....…..…..64 Lewis Morris………………………………………………………………………………….…67
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Calendar of Events
    CALENDAR OF EVENTS OF EVENTS CALENDAR FEBRUARY 2 — MARCH 30, 2016 2 — MARCH 30, FEBRUARY EIGHT INSPIRED WEEKS OF DISCUSSIONS, PERFORMANCES, AND FILMS 2016 FEATURED TITLES FEATURED 2016 WELCOME 2016 FEATURED TITLES pg 2 WELCOME FROM THE CHAIR pg 3 YOUTH COMPANION BOOKS pg 4 ADDITIONAL READING SUGGESTIONS pg 5 DISCUSSION GROUPS AND QUESTIONS pg 6-7 FILM SCREENINGS pg 8-9 GENERAL EVENTS pg 10 EVENTS FOR CHILDREN, TEENS, AND FAMILIES pg 21 COMMUNITY PARTNERS pg 27 SPONSORS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS pg 30 The centerpiece of 2016 One Book, One Philadelphia is author Charles Frazier’s historical novel Cold Mountain. Set at the end of the Civil War, Cold Mountain tells the heartrending story of Inman, a wounded Confederate soldier who walks away from the horrors of war to return home to his beloved, Ada. Cold Mountain BY CHARLES FRAZIER His perilous journey through the war-ravaged landscape of North Carolina Cold Mountain made publishing history when it topped the interweaves with Ada’s struggles to maintain her father’s farm as she awaits New York Times bestseller list for 61 weeks and sold 3 million Inman’s return. A compelling love story beats at the heart of Cold Mountain, copies. A richly detailed American epic, it is the story of a Civil propelling the action and keeping readers anxiously turning pages. War soldier journeying through a divided country to return Critics have praised Cold Mountain for its lyrical language, its reverential to the woman he loves, while she struggles to maintain her descriptions of the Southern landscape, and its powerful storytelling that dramatizes father’s farm and make sense of a new and troubling world.
    [Show full text]
  • Benjamin Franklin (10 Vols., New York, 1905- 7), 5:167
    The American Aesthetic of Franklin's Visual Creations ENJAMIN FRANKLIN'S VISUAL CREATIONS—his cartoons, designs for flags and paper money, emblems and devices— Breveal an underlying American aesthetic, i.e., an egalitarian and nationalistic impulse. Although these implications may be dis- cerned in a number of his visual creations, I will restrict this essay to four: first, the cartoon of Hercules and the Wagoneer that appeared in Franklin's pamphlet Plain Truth in 1747; second, the flags of the Associator companies of December 1747; third, the cut-snake cartoon of May 1754; and fourth, his designs for the first United States Continental currency in 1775 and 1776. These four devices or groups of devices afford a reasonable basis for generalizations concerning Franklin's visual creations. And since the conclusions shed light upon Franklin's notorious comments comparing the eagle as the emblem of the United States to the turkey ("a much more respectable bird and withal a true original Native of America"),1 I will discuss that opinion in an appendix. My premise (which will only be partially proven during the fol- lowing discussion) is that Franklin was an extraordinarily knowl- edgeable student of visual symbols, devices, and heraldry. Almost all eighteenth-century British and American printers used ornaments and illustrations. Many printers, including Franklin, made their own woodcuts and carefully designed the visual appearance of their broad- sides, newspapers, pamphlets, and books. Franklin's uses of the visual arts are distinguished from those of other colonial printers by his artistic creativity and by his interest in and scholarly knowledge of the general subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Benjamin-Franklin-Ppt
    The Biography of Benjamin Franklin By Zia Kara How to Use This Presentation I hope you enjoy this presentation and learn as much as I did! This presentation is designed to be interactive and to be used as to how you want to see the information. There is anindex at the beginning of the presentation that will begin your discovery of this great man, Benjamin Franklin.index Use this to learn about his life, his inventions and his struggles. Just click on any text to start your adventure! Index Benjamin Franklin lived a busy and industrious life spanning 84 years. Birth and Childhood 1706 -1718 Apprenticeship 1718 Family 1730 - 1745 Vocation 1728-1748 Inventions 1747 - 1752 Political Life 1757 - 1790 Old Age and Death 1790 References Birth and Childhood Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the fifteenth child of seventeen children and also the youngest boy. Franklin only had two years of school but continued to educate himself by reading. A picture of Benjamin Franklin Back to Index Apprenticeship When Franklin was 12 became a printing apprentice to his brother James, a printer. His brother owned the New England Courant. As James did not allow Franklin to write for the newspaper, Franklin wrote letters to the paper as a middle-aged woman named ''Silence Dogood''. At 17 years old, Franklin ran away to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as his brother Franklin as an apprentice. found out that he was the Back toone Index who was writing the letters. Family In 1730, Franklin marriedFamily Deborah Read Rogers.
    [Show full text]
  • FFRU Volume 6 - Page 1 (2Nd Edition) FFRU Volume 6 - Page 2 (2Nd Edition) Table of Contents Editors Message
    FFRU Volume 6 - Page 1 (2nd Edition) FFRU Volume 6 - Page 2 (2nd Edition) Table of Contents Editors Message...............................................................................................................................4 Samuel Franklin and Letitia Borrows..............................................................................................5 1800 Pennsylvania Census...............................................................................................................8 Burlington County, New Jersey Marriages......................................................................................8 The Franklin Family Descendants of John, Benjamin and Josiah ...................................................9 A Mystery Story: The Case Of the Origins of John Franklin, Sr. (1729-1819 of Burke County, North Carolina...................................................................12 Queries ...........................................................................................................................................28 Names Index ..................................................................................................................................30 Places Index ...................................................................................................................................33 FFRU Volume 6 - Page 3 (2nd Edition) Editors Message Help in finding maiden names! In the lower left hand corner of most deeds, you will find signatures of two to four witnesses. The first one is always
    [Show full text]
  • Genealogical Sketch Of
    Genealogy and Historical Notes of Spamer and Smith Families of Maryland Appendix 2. SSeelleecctteedd CCoollllaatteerraall GGeenneeaallooggiieess ffoorr SSttrroonnggllyy CCrroossss--ccoonnnneecctteedd aanndd HHiissttoorriiccaall FFaammiillyy GGrroouuppss WWiitthhiinn tthhee EExxtteennddeedd SSmmiitthh FFaammiillyy Bayard Bache Cadwalader Carroll Chew Coursey Dallas Darnall Emory Foulke Franklin Hodge Hollyday Lloyd McCall Patrick Powel Tilghman Wright NEW EDITION Containing Additions & Corrections to June 2011 and with Illustrations Earle E. Spamer 2008 / 2011 Selected Strongly Cross-connected Collateral Genealogies of the Smith Family Note The “New Edition” includes hyperlinks embedded in boxes throughout the main genealogy. They will, when clicked in the computer’s web-browser environment, automatically redirect the user to the pertinent additions, emendations and corrections that are compiled in the separate “Additions and Corrections” section. Boxed alerts look like this: Also see Additions & Corrections [In the event that the PDF hyperlink has become inoperative or misdirects, refer to the appropriate page number as listed in the Additions and Corrections section.] The “Additions and Corrections” document is appended to the end of the main text herein and is separately paginated using Roman numerals. With a web browser on the user’s computer the hyperlinks are “live”; the user may switch back and forth between the main text and pertinent additions, corrections, or emendations. Each part of the genealogy (Parts I and II, and Appendices 1 and 2) has its own “Additions and Corrections” section. The main text of the New Edition is exactly identical to the original edition of 2008; content and pagination are not changed. The difference is the presence of the boxed “Additions and Corrections” alerts, which are superimposed on the page and do not affect text layout or pagination.
    [Show full text]
  • John Jay and Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin Was Born in 1706 in Boston to a Lower-Class Family and Was the 15Th out of 17 Children
    John Jay and Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin was born in 1706 in Boston to a lower-class family and was the 15th out of 17 children. Franklin never received a formal education past the age of 10. He became a printer’s apprentice and eventually moved to Philadelphia at the age of 17 to continue his trade. John Jay was born in 1745 in New York to a moderately wealthy family and was the 8th of 10 children. He received a good education and was taught by tutors before attending King’s College at the age of 14. After graduating, he became a successful lawyer. Huguenot Cross John Jay and Benjamin Franklin both descended from ancestors who came to America seeking religious freedom. Jay’s ancestors were French Huguenots while Franklin’s family were Puritans. The stories of their ancestor’s religious persecution had a huge impact on both men and is reflected in many of their beliefs. John Jay’s grandfather, Augustus Jay, was a French Huguenot who came to America in the 1680s. Augustus and his family had to leave France in order to flee the religious persecution of Huguenots after the King of France revoked the Edict of Nantes. The Edict had protected French Protestants from religious persecution in the heavily Catholic country and without it, Huguenots were no longer safe in France. The oppression and pursuit of religious freedom that his ancestors endured had a lasting effect on Jay and his beliefs. He strongly believed that there should not be a national religion and that it was important to enforce a strong separation between religion and government.
    [Show full text]