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Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence Table of Contents

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Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence Table of Contents SIGNERS OF THE UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 56 Men Who Risked It All Life, Family, Fortune, Health, Future Compiled by Bob Hampton First Edition - 2014 1 SIGNERS OF THE UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTON Page Table of Contents………………………………………………………………...………………2 Overview………………………………………………………………………………...………..5 Painting by John Trumbull……………………………………………………………………...7 Summary of Aftermath……………………………………………….………………...……….8 Independence Day Quiz…………………………………………………….……...………...…11 NEW HAMPSHIRE Josiah Bartlett………………………………………………………………………………..…12 William Whipple..........................................................................................................................15 Matthew Thornton……………………………………………………………………...…........18 MASSACHUSETTS Samuel Adams………………………………………………………………………………..…21 John Adams………………………………………………………………………………..……25 John Hancock………………………………………………………………………………..….29 Robert Treat Paine………………………………………………………………………….….32 Elbridge Gerry……………………………………………………………………....…….……35 RHODE ISLAND Stephen Hopkins………………………………………………………………………….…….38 William Ellery……………………………………………………………………………….….41 CONNECTICUT Roger Sherman…………………………………………………………………………..……...45 Samuel Huntington…………………………………………………………………….……….48 William Williams……………………………………………………………………………….51 Oliver Wolcott…………………………………………………………………………….…….54 NEW YORK William Floyd………………………………………………………………………….………..57 Philip Livingston…………………………………………………………………………….….60 Francis Lewis…………………………………………………………………………....…..…..64 Lewis Morris………………………………………………………………………………….…67 2 NEW JERSEY Richard Stockton……………………………………………………………………………….70 John Witherspoon………………………………………………………………………………73 Francis Hopkinson……………………………………………………………………...………77 John Hart………………………………………………………………………………...……...80 Abraham Clark………………………………………………………………………...……….83 PENNSYLVANIA Robert Morris……………………………………………………………………………….…..86 Benjamin Rush………………………………………………………………………………….89 Benjamin Franklin…………………………………………………………………………...…92 John Morton…………………………………………………………………………….………97 George Clymer……………………………………………………………….………….….…100 James Smith……………………………………………………………………………………103 George Taylor……………………………………………………………………………….…106 James Wilson…………………………………………………………………………..………109 George Ross……………………………………………………………………………………113 DELAWARE George Read………………………………………………………………………………...…116 Caesar Rodney……………………………………………………………………...…………119 Thomas McKean………………………………………………………………………………123 MARYLAND Samuel Chase……………………………………………………………………………….…126 William Paca………………………………………………………………………………...…129 Thomas Stone………………………………………………………………………….………132 Charles Carroll…………………………………………………………………………...……135 (of Carrollton) VIRGINIA George Wythe……………………………………………………………………………….…138 Richard Henry Lee……………………………………………………………………………143 Thomas Jefferson…………………………………………………………………………...…147 Benjamin Harrison……………………………………………………………………………152 Thomas Nelson, Jr………………………………………………………………………….…155 Francis Lightfoot Lee…………………………………………………………………………158 Carter Braxton………………………………………………………………………...………161 3 NORTH CAROLINA William Hooper…………………………………………………………………………..……164 Joseph Hewes..............................................................................................................................168 John Penn………………………………………………………………………………...……171 SOUTH CAROLINA Edward Rutledge………………………………………………………………………...……174 Thomas Heyward, Jr.................................................................................................................177 Thomas Lynch, Jr…………………………………………………………………………..…180 Arthur Middleton………………………………………………………………...……………183 GEORGIA Button Gwinnett……………………………………………………………….………………187 Lyman Hall……………………………………………………………………………….……190 George Walton……………………………………………………………………………...…193 Notes 1. ORDER - The names are listed in the order of their signatures that appear at the bottom of the Declaration within each Colony – from the north to south by colonies, as was the custom at the time. 2. NON-SIGNERS – Examples of Founding Fathers who were not Signers because they were not delegates in the summer of 1776 include George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, James Monroe, Patrick Henry, Thomas Paine, George Mason, Paul Revere. John Dickinson was a member of the Continental Congress representing Pennsylvania. He chose not to vote for the Declaration or sign it and left the Congress soon after. Disclaimer – There is a considerable amount of information presented in this document. Every effort has been made to make it as complete and accurate as possible based on available secondary sources. However, there may be some instances where the document needs to be updated with more accurate information. This is particularly true with the information identifying children and birth and death dates. If you know of a change that needs to be made, please email it to Bob Hampton – Email [email protected]. 4 OVERVIEW Purpose – The purpose of this document is the assemble and present information on the Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence that should be the most interesting to descendants, students, teachers, historians, tourists, etc. This includes: - BORN – date, location, parents, brothers and sisters. – DIED – date, location, cause, burial site. – APPEARANCE – physical appearance, demeanor, strengths, weaknesses. – FAMILY – wife, children. – OCCUPATION – professions, schooling, Congress. – AT SIGNING – age, event. – AFTER SIGNING – events, hardships. – HISTORIC SITES – home, gravesite, other. – PICTURE – prominent site and description. Goals - The goals are to: – COMPLETE – Assemble a document and website that is complete, yet concise. – SPECIFICS – Include dates, locations, names, etc. – CURRENCY – Include addresses, telephone numbers, websites, etc. – INTEREST – Include pictures, the human side, etc. Process - The process has been comparable to assembling a picture puzzle, involving many pieces. There is no new information. The major contribution of the document is that it assembles the most interesting information – all in one place and in a uniform format. Insights – What have we learned about these people? – PATRIOTS - Were all prominent people - who were willing to risk it all. The last line of the Declaration above the signatures reads – “And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.” – EVOLVED - Over time from concern and reconciliation with Britain to action – independence and revolution. The events in 1775 and 1776, in New England – Lexington, Concord, Siege of Boston, New York City - had a major impact on the shift of their feelings toward taking action. – ANCESTRY – Almost all were of English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish ancestry. – LAWYERS - 24 of the 56 were judges and lawyers. – YOUTH – 20 were under the age of 40 at the time of signing and 3 were in their 20’s. 5 – CONGRESS – There was no Executive Branch of the Federal government. Congress had to perform legislative duties and perform executive duties in managing and supporting the war effort which was very time consuming. – LONGEVIY – In the 1700’s, people did not live very long. 18 of the 56 signers died before age 60. Many children never reached adulthood for a variety of reasons including cholera, yellow fever, malaria (called Ague), smallpox, typhus, measles, mumps, whooping cough, etc. – TIME AWAY – Travel was difficult and took a long time. In addition, the Signers spent a considerable amount of time away from their homes while serving in Congress and during the war. – RELIGION – Most of the Signers were very religious. Over half (57%) were Anglican / Episcopalian. Primary References – Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence (DSDI) – www. www.dsdi1776.com. Lawrence McMahon Croft, President-General. – “Genealogical Register of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence” (Pyne’s Registery), Rev. Frederick Wallace Pyne, Picton Press. Seven Volumes. - ”Lives of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence”, by Reverend Charles A. Goodrich, William Reed & Co., New York, 1856. -“The Signers: The 56 Stories Behind the Declaration of Independence”, by Denis Brindell Fradin, Walker and Company, 2002. -“Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence”, by B.J. Lossing, Wall Builders Press, 2007. – “Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.” - “The Americans Who Risked Everything”, Speech by Rush Limbaugh, Jr., 2000. - Biographies and documents on individual Signers. Websites – DSDI - www.dsdi1776 - DAR – www.dar.org - NPS - www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/declaration/site5.htm - WAR - www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com 6 PAINTING BY JOHN TRUMBULL (1819) Painting by John Trumbull (1819). Large (12 by 18 foot) located in the Rotunda of the U. S. Capitol building. Based on a small painting located at the Yale University Art Gallery. The painting of the first page was painted by John Trumbull and is titled “Declaration of Independence. It depicts the presentation of the draft of the Declaration to Congress by the five member drafting committee on June 28, 1776, six days before its approval. Trumbull painted many of the figures in the picture from life and visited Independence Hall as well to depict the chamber where the Continental Congress met. The painting was commissioned in 1817, purchased in 1819, and placed in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol building in 1826. The painting also appears on the back of the two
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