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University of Oklahoma Graduate College
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE SCIENCE IN THE AMERICAN STYLE, 1700 – 1800 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By ROBYN DAVIS M CMILLIN Norman, Oklahoma 2009 SCIENCE IN THE AMERICAN STYLE, 1700 – 1800 A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY ________________________ Prof. Paul A. Gilje, Chair ________________________ Prof. Catherine E. Kelly ________________________ Prof. Judith S. Lewis ________________________ Prof. Joshua A. Piker ________________________ Prof. R. Richard Hamerla © Copyright by ROBYN DAVIS M CMILLIN 2009 All Rights Reserved. To my excellent and generous teacher, Paul A. Gilje. Thank you. Acknowledgements The only thing greater than the many obligations I incurred during the research and writing of this work is the pleasure that I take in acknowledging those debts. It would have been impossible for me to undertake, much less complete, this project without the support of the institutions and people who helped me along the way. Archival research is the sine qua non of history; mine was funded by numerous grants supporting work in repositories from California to Massachusetts. A Friends Fellowship from the McNeil Center for Early American Studies supported my first year of research in the Philadelphia archives and also immersed me in the intellectual ferment and camaraderie for which the Center is justly renowned. A Dissertation Fellowship from the Gilder Lehrman Institute for American History provided months of support to work in the daunting Manuscript Division of the New York Public Library. The Chandis Securities Fellowship from the Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens brought me to San Marino and gave me entrée to an unequaled library of primary and secondary sources, in one of the most beautiful spots on Earth. -
American Pioneer Prose Writers
American Pioneer Prose Writers By Hamilton Wright Mabie JONATHAN EDWARDS Jonathan Edwards was one of the most impressive figures of his time. He was a deep thinker, a strong writer, a powerful theologian, and a constructive philosopher. He was born on October 5, 1703, at East (now South) Windsor, Connecticut. His father, Timothy Edwards, was a minister of East Windsor, and also a tutor. Jonathan, the only son, was the fifth of eleven children. Even as a boy he was thoughtful and serious minded. It is recorded that he never played the games, or got mixed up in the mischief that the usual boy indulges in. When he was only ten years old he wrote a tract on the soul. Two years later he wrote a really remarkable essay on the “Flying Spider.” He entered Yale and graduated at the head of his class as valedictorian. The next two years he spent in New Haven studying theology. In February, 1727, he was ordained minister at Northampton, Massachusetts. In the same year he married Sarah Pierrepont, who was an admirable wife and became the mother of his twelve children. In 1733 a great revival in religion began in Northampton. So intense did this become in that winter that the business of the town was threatened. In six months nearly 300 were admitted to the church. Of course Edwards was a leading spirit in this revival. The orthodox leaders of the church had no sympathy with it. At last a crisis came in Edwards’ relations with his congregation, which finally ended in his being driven from the church. -
Brainy Quote ~ Benjamin Franklin 026
Brainy Quote ~ Benjamin Franklin 026 “If you would be loved, love, and be loveable.” ~ Benjamin Franklin 026 ~ Ok “Jika Anda ingin dicintai, mencintailah, dan jadilah seorang yang dapat dicintai.” ~ Benjamin Franklin 026 ~ Ok Apakah Anda ingin dicintai? Mampukah Anda mencintai orang lain sebagaimana Anda ingin dicintai? Tahukah Anda bagaimana cara mencintai? Dapatkah Anda dicintai seperti Anda ingin mencintai orang lain? Mencintai dan dicintai merupakah dua kondisi yang saling mendukung dan berada dalam posisi seimbang. Seseorang yang ingin dicintai maka ia harus mampu mencintai. Demikian juga, seseorang yang mau mencintai, maka ia pun harus dapat dicintai. Demikianlah yang pernah disampaikan Benjamin Franklin, dikenal sebagai Bapak Pendiri Amerika Serikat, berkebangsaan Amerika, hidup dalam rentang tahun 1706-1790, melalui quote-nya, ‘If you would be loved, love, and be loveable.’ Secara bebas diterjemahkan, ‘Jika Anda ingin dicintai, mencintailah, dan jadilah seorang yang dapat dicintai.’ Cintai merupakan dua arah! Saling mencintai merupakan wujud bila kita memiliki cinta dan kita dapat memperoleh cinta. Setiap orang yang dapat saling berbagi dan saling meneguhkan merupakan buah dari cinta sejati. Tidak ada cinta satu arah! Hal yang sulit kita mau mencintai bila kita sendiri tidak mau dicintai. Demikian juga, hal yang mustahil kita memperoleh cinta bila kita pun tidak berniat untuk mencintai. Tuhan telah menganugerahkan cinta kasih kepada manusia. Maka sudah seyogyanya kita mampu mencintai semua ciptaan-Nya, terutama sesama manusia. Orang-orang yang dipenuhi cinta kasih adalah orang-orang kaya, terlepas dari kekayaan harta benda yang dimilikinya. Seseorang yang kaya raya secara materi dan kebendaan, bila ia tidak memiliki cinta kasih, sesungguhnya ia orang yang miskin. Brainy Quote ~ Benjamin Franklin 026 Page 1 Kita mampu mencintai bila kita juga mau dicintai. -
Jefferson and Franklin
Jefferson and Franklin ITH the exception of Washington and Lincoln, no two men in American history have had more books written about W them or have been more widely discussed than Jefferson and Franklin. This is particularly true of Jefferson, who seems to have succeeded in having not only bitter critics but also admiring friends. In any event, anything that can be contributed to the under- standing of their lives is important; if, however, something is dis- covered that affects them both, it has a twofold significance. It is for this reason that I wish to direct attention to a paragraph in Jefferson's "Anas." As may not be generally understood, the "Anas" were simply notes written by Jefferson contemporaneously with the events de- scribed and revised eighteen years later. For this unfortunate name, the simpler title "Jeffersoniana" might well have been substituted. Curiously enough there is nothing in Jefferson's life which has been more severely criticized than these "Anas." Morse, a great admirer of Jefferson, takes occasion to say: "Most unfortunately for his own good fame, Jefferson allowed himself to be drawn by this feud into the preparation of the famous 'Anas/ His friends have hardly dared to undertake a defense of those terrible records."1 James Truslow Adams, discussing the same subject, remarks that the "Anas" are "unreliable as historical evidence."2 Another biographer, Curtis, states that these notes "will always be a cloud upon his integrity of purpose; and, as is always the case, his spitefulness toward them injured him more than it injured Hamilton or Washington."3 I am not at all in accord with these conclusions. -
Genealogical Sketch Of
Genealogy and Historical Notes of Spamer and Smith Families of Maryland Appendix 2. SSeelleecctteedd CCoollllaatteerraall GGeenneeaallooggiieess ffoorr SSttrroonnggllyy CCrroossss--ccoonnnneecctteedd aanndd HHiissttoorriiccaall FFaammiillyy GGrroouuppss WWiitthhiinn tthhee EExxtteennddeedd SSmmiitthh FFaammiillyy Bayard Bache Cadwalader Carroll Chew Coursey Dallas Darnall Emory Foulke Franklin Hodge Hollyday Lloyd McCall Patrick Powel Tilghman Wright NEW EDITION Containing Additions & Corrections to June 2011 and with Illustrations Earle E. Spamer 2008 / 2011 Selected Strongly Cross-connected Collateral Genealogies of the Smith Family Note The “New Edition” includes hyperlinks embedded in boxes throughout the main genealogy. They will, when clicked in the computer’s web-browser environment, automatically redirect the user to the pertinent additions, emendations and corrections that are compiled in the separate “Additions and Corrections” section. Boxed alerts look like this: Also see Additions & Corrections [In the event that the PDF hyperlink has become inoperative or misdirects, refer to the appropriate page number as listed in the Additions and Corrections section.] The “Additions and Corrections” document is appended to the end of the main text herein and is separately paginated using Roman numerals. With a web browser on the user’s computer the hyperlinks are “live”; the user may switch back and forth between the main text and pertinent additions, corrections, or emendations. Each part of the genealogy (Parts I and II, and Appendices 1 and 2) has its own “Additions and Corrections” section. The main text of the New Edition is exactly identical to the original edition of 2008; content and pagination are not changed. The difference is the presence of the boxed “Additions and Corrections” alerts, which are superimposed on the page and do not affect text layout or pagination. -
John Jay and Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin Was Born in 1706 in Boston to a Lower-Class Family and Was the 15Th out of 17 Children
John Jay and Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin was born in 1706 in Boston to a lower-class family and was the 15th out of 17 children. Franklin never received a formal education past the age of 10. He became a printer’s apprentice and eventually moved to Philadelphia at the age of 17 to continue his trade. John Jay was born in 1745 in New York to a moderately wealthy family and was the 8th of 10 children. He received a good education and was taught by tutors before attending King’s College at the age of 14. After graduating, he became a successful lawyer. Huguenot Cross John Jay and Benjamin Franklin both descended from ancestors who came to America seeking religious freedom. Jay’s ancestors were French Huguenots while Franklin’s family were Puritans. The stories of their ancestor’s religious persecution had a huge impact on both men and is reflected in many of their beliefs. John Jay’s grandfather, Augustus Jay, was a French Huguenot who came to America in the 1680s. Augustus and his family had to leave France in order to flee the religious persecution of Huguenots after the King of France revoked the Edict of Nantes. The Edict had protected French Protestants from religious persecution in the heavily Catholic country and without it, Huguenots were no longer safe in France. The oppression and pursuit of religious freedom that his ancestors endured had a lasting effect on Jay and his beliefs. He strongly believed that there should not be a national religion and that it was important to enforce a strong separation between religion and government. -
Stepping out of Her Place: a New Look at Women's Roles During Selected Wars in U.S. History
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2004 Stepping out of her place: a new look at women's roles during selected wars in U.S. history Nicole Lynn Bowen Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Bowen, Nicole Lynn, "Stepping out of her place: a new look at women's roles during selected wars in U.S. history" (2004). LSU Master's Theses. 526. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/526 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STEPPING OUT OF HER PLACE: A NEW LOOK AT WOMEN’S ROLES DURING SELECTED WARS IN U.S. HISTORY A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of Curriculum and Instruction by Nicole Lynn Bowen B.A., Birmingham-Southern College, 2002 May 2004 I dedicate this work to my loving husband, Christopher, and my parents James and Rose Jordan. Thank you Chris for being by my side every step of the way, being my partner and my friend, encouraging me, and never letting me lose faith. Thank you Mom and Dad for always believing in me, being a constant and steady source of support throughout my education, and making me believe that I can do anything I put my mind to. -
Abou T B En Fran Klin
3 Continuing Eventsthrough December 31,2006 January 17– March 15, 2006 LEAD SPONSOR B F o O u f O o nding Father nding r KS 1 In Philadelphia EVERYONE IS READING about Ben Franklin www.library.phila.gov The Autobiography Ben and Me Franklin: The Essential of Benjamin Franklin BY ROBERT LAWSON Founding Father RBY BENeJAMIN FRAsNKLIN ource BY JAGMES SRODES uide One Book, One Philadelphia The Books — Three Books for One Founding Father In 2006, One Book, One Philadelphia is joining Ben Franklin 300 Philadelphia to celebrate the tercentenary (300 years) of Franklin’s birth. Franklin’s interests were diverse and wide-ranging. Countless volumes have been written about him. The challenge for the One Book program was to choose works that would adequately capture the true essence of the man and his times. Because of the complexity of this year’s subject, and in order to promote the widest participation possible, One Book, One Philadelphia has chosen to offer not one, but three books about Franklin. This year’s theme will be “Three Books for One Founding Father.” The featured books are: • The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin (various editions) • Ben and Me by Robert Lawson (1939, Little, Brown & Company) • Franklin: The Essential Founding Father by James Srodes (2002, Regnery Publishing, Inc.) The Authors BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, author of The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, was born in 1706 and died in 1790 at the age of 84. He was an author, inventor, businessman, scholar, scientist, revolutionary, and statesman whose contributions to Philadelphia and the world are countless. -
Dr. Franklin, Citizen Scientist
DR. FRANKLIN, FRANKLIN, DR. CITIZEN SCIENTIST CITIZEN CITIZEN SCIENTIST CITIZEN SCIENTIST Janine Yorimoto Boldt With contributions by Emily A. Margolis and Introduction by Patrick Spero Edited by the Contents 5 INTRODUCTION Patrick Spero Published on the occasion of the exhibition 8 Dr. Franklin, Citizen Scientist April–December ACKNOWLEDGMENTS American Philosophical Society South Fifth Street 10 Philadelphia, PA ESSAY amphilsoc.org Dr. Franklin, Citizen Scientist is exhibition catalog was made possible by a grant from the Janine Yorimoto Boldt National Endowment for the Humanities. 41 A BENJAMIN FRANKLIN TIMELINE 42 ILLUSTRATED CHECKLIST Any views, ndings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Janine Yorimoto Boldt / Emily A. Margolis National Endowment for the Humanities. 106 EDITED BY the American Philosophical Society SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY PROJECT MANAGEMENT Mary Grace Wahl DESIGN barb barnett graphic design llc PRINTING Brilliant Graphics, Exton, PA Front cover: Charles Willson Peale, Portrait of Benjamin Franklin (detail), , APS. Inside front cover and last page: Adapted illustrations from Benjamin Franklin, Experiments and Observations on Electricity, rd ed. ( ), APS. Copyright © by the American Philosophical Society Library & Museum All rights reserved. Identiers: ISBN -- - - | LCCN Also available as a free downloadable PDF at: https://diglib.amphilsoc.org/franklinsenlightenment/ Introducti In , Benjamin Franklin and a group of other civically minded individuals got together to form something called the “American Philosophical Society.” Philosophy, at the time, had a much di¡erent meaning than it does today. To be a philosopher was to be one who systematically inquired into nature, often in ways that we would today consider science. e Society’s purpose was thus to “promote useful knowledge” by bringing the greatest thinkers in the British colonies together to share all that they knew and were learning. -
Amazingmrfranklin.Pdf
TheThe Amazing r.r. ranklin or The Boy Who Read Everything To Ernie —R.A. Published by PEACHTREE PUBLISHERS 1700 Chattahoochee Avenue Atlanta, Georgia 30318-2112 www.peachtree-online.com Text © 2004 by Ruth Ashby Illustrations © 2004 by Michael Montgomery All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmit- ted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Book design by Loraine M. Joyner Composition by Melanie McMahon Ives Paintings created in oil on canvas Text typeset in SWFTE International’s Bronte; titles typeset in Luiz da Lomba’s Theatre Antione Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ashby, Ruth. The amazing Mr. Franklin / written by Ruth Ashby.-- 1st ed. p. cm. Summary: Introduces the life of inventor, statesman, and founding father Benjamin Franklin, whose love of books led him to establish the first public library in the American colonies. ISBN 978-1-56145-306-1 1. Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790--Juvenile literature. 2. Statesmen--United States--Biography--Juvenile literature. 3. Scientists--United States--Biography--Juvenile literature. 4. Inventors--United States-- Biography--Juvenile literature. 5. Printers--United States--Biography--Juvenile literature. [1. Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790. 2. Statesmen. 3. Scientists. 4. Inventors. 5. Printers.] I. Title. E302.6.F8A78 2004 973.3'092--dc22 -
Pennsylvania
THE Penns ylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY VOLUME CXXVII Thefistorical Society of PennsylVania 1300 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 2003 CONTENTS ARTICLES Page "To Stand Out in Heresy". Lucretia Mott, Liberty, and the Hysterical Woman Nancy Isenberg 7 To Render the Private Public: William Still and the Selling of The Underground Rail Road Stephen G. Hall 35 Reform in Philadelphia:JosephS. Clark, Richardson Dilworth, and the Women Who Made Reform Possible, 1947-1949 G. Terry Madonna and John Morrison McLarnon III 57 "Such a Noise in the World": Copper Mines and an American Colonial Echo to the South Sea Bubble Wayne Bodle 131 "ExtraordinaiyFreedom and greatHumility -A Reinterpretationof Deborah Franklin Jennifer Reed Fry 167 Rethinking Northern White Support for the African Colonization Movement: The Pennsylvania Colonization Society as an Agent of Emancipation Eric Burin 197 Freedom of Association in the Early Republic: The Republican Party, the Whiskey Rebellion, and the Philadelphiaand New York Cordwainers'Cases Johann N. Neem 259 "The Insanities of an Exalted Imagination'. The Troubled First Geological Survey of Pennsylvania Francis P. Boscoe 291 Civic Physiques:Public Images of Workers in Pittsburgh, 1800--1910 Edward Slavishak 309 FragmentedNationalism: Right-Wing Responses to September 11 in HistoricalContext Matthew N. Lyons 377 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS New Light on the Dark Lantern: The Initiation Rites and Ceremonies of a Know-Nothing Lodge in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania Mark Dash 89 The State of Pennsylvania:As Seen by Traugott Bromine Richard L. Bland 419 EDITORIALS Tamara Gaskell Miller 3,375 BOOK REVIEWS 101,231,339,429 INDEX Conrad Woodall 461 THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA OFFICERS Chair COLLIN F. -
Benjamin Franklin 1 Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin 1 Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin 6th President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania In office October 18, 1785 – December 1, 1788 Preceded by John Dickinson Succeeded by Thomas Mifflin 23rd Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly In office 1765–1765 Preceded by Isaac Norris Succeeded by Isaac Norris United States Minister to France In office 1778–1785 Appointed by Congress of the Confederation Preceded by New office Succeeded by Thomas Jefferson United States Minister to Sweden In office 1782–1783 Appointed by Congress of the Confederation Preceded by New office Succeeded by Jonathan Russell 1st United States Postmaster General In office 1775–1776 Appointed by Continental Congress Preceded by New office Succeeded by Richard Bache Personal details Benjamin Franklin 2 Born January 17, 1706 Boston, Massachusetts Bay Died April 17, 1790 (aged 84) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Nationality American Political party None Spouse(s) Deborah Read Children William Franklin Francis Folger Franklin Sarah Franklin Bache Profession Scientist Writer Politician Signature [1] Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 [O.S. January 6, 1705 ] – April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, musician, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'. He formed both the first public lending library in America and the first fire department in Pennsylvania.