 In London, stated the American view on British taxes: "They will oppose it to the last. They do not consider it as at all necessary for you to raise money . . . by your taxes . . . America has been greatly misrepresented . . . (as) refusing to bear any part of (the war's) expense. The Colonies . . . paid and clothed near 25,000 men during the last war, a number equal to (that of) Britain." -----in an interview before The House Of Commons, 1766

 What do you think Benjamin Franklin is trying to say? How do the colonists feel about the taxes? Write your response in your notebook. revenue = incoming money resolution = a formal expression of opinion boycott = to refuse to buy items from a particular country repeal = to cancel an act or law effigy = rag figure representing an unpopular individual prohibit = stop; disallow violate = disturb or disregard After the French & Indian war: • Britain gained control of a lot of territory in North America. Needed to protect its land & people. Passed The Proclamation Of 1763: 1. prohibited (prevented) colonists expanding West 2. controlled people in a contained area 3. avoid conflict with Native Americans 4. controlled fur trade in the frontier https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxp bjyYCBmA Britain planned to station over 10,000 troops in the newly acquired land to protect their interests: $$$$$ Needed revenue (incoming $) to pay for it Taxed the colonists HEAVILY Taxes were strictly enforced = some people tried to find ways around the taxes (smuggled goods)  Britain passed Writs  Sugar Act: Of Assistance in  lowered the tax on 1767: imported molasses  smugglers could be  tried to convince tried without a jury colonists to pay the  British officers tax (since it was could enter any lower) location to search  gave officers ability for smuggled goods to take smuggled goods without going to court  Stamp Act:  placed a tax on almost all printed materials (newspapers, wills, playing cards, etc.)  Colonists felt this violated their rights  https://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=O9JJ uVxtNOc  Patrick Henry = persuaded Virginia assembly to pass a resolution (formal expression of opinion) declaring only it had power to tax Virginians  Samuel Adams = helped start a group called Sons Of Liberty to protest  boycotted (refused to buy) British goods  burned effigies (rag figures) of tax collectors  YES! . . . . And NO!

 Britain repealed (cancelled) the Stamp Act (YES!)

 BUT on the same day . . .

 Britain passed the Declaratory Act which stated Parliament had the right to tax and make decisions for the British colonies "in all cases“ (NO!) New taxes that would only apply to imported goods such as glass, tea, paint, and paper Tax was paid at the port of entry into the colonies By this point, ANY tax angered the colonists. The colonists believed only their OWN REPRESENTATIVES had the right to tax them.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epZpkND Exsk group of women REFUSED TO BUY British items urged Americans to produce goods they needed wear homemade fabrics = spinning bees  https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=ex1Atx1tQPk Copy & Complete this chart. It is worth 5 points. You can use your notes or p. 122-125 in your text book to help you.

Laws/Acts Colonists Results??? passed: reacted by (What did (5 so far) protesting: G.B. do?) 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

 Newspapers = showed reaction after the passage of the Stamp Act

 Even though the Stamp Act = a tax of one penny per sheet on newspapers (and required that newspapers be printed on stamped paper purchased from the British) people still bought them, read them, shared them.  Most newspaper owners were patriots. The taxes were usually shown in a negative light. (see next page)

 The New-York Gazette = printed letters from loyalist Daniel Leonard in 1765. Letters referred to Patriot protests as "a poison that ran through all the veins and arteries" of the colonists.

 Patriots (probably Sons Of Liberty) organized a mob of 75 colonists, stole the printing press, and melted it into bullets.

Create a political cartoon that might have been printed in colonial newspapers to urge residents to boycott British goods in response to the Stamp Act. Use text evidence (historically correct) information in your cartoon. Use your notes and p 122-125 to help you. MUST be colored! This activity is worth 3 points. Pretend you are a colonist living in America during the time period we are currently studying. How would you feel about issues going on? Write your thoughts in your notebook. propaganda = ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion occupy = to control  colonies on the brink of rebellion  colonists were pushed too far by the British  British officials started to get nervous about the colonists behavior  sent troops to occupy colonial cities  soldiers sometimes acted rudely and violently

A widely debated event, few facts are known, make your own decisions about the Boston Massacre.  POV = A person’s opinion or set of beliefs about something.  Massacre = deliberately and violently kill a large number of people (Oxford Dictionary)  Look at the illustrations & videos about this event.  Think about the POV. Are each a valid source (fact) or invalid source (opinions) about the Boston Massacre.  Copy the chart on the next page. Fill it in with the examples I’m going to show you.  VALID SOURCE  INVALID SOURCE

Painting by Alonzo Chappel

 5 minutes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRxJh9 mcfmk

 March 5, 1770  Crowd had gathered at customhouse (where British taxes were collected). Some had sticks, stones, and clubs.  Snowballs were being thrown  Someone in the crowd knocked down a British soldier  British soldiers opened fire on the crowd  5 colonists were killed~2 immediately & 3 later from their wounds, including Crispus Attucks (dockworker who was part African, part Native American)  Occurred on King Street in Boston, MA  9 British regulars (officers) charged during two trials, 2 were found guilty. Rest were acquitted.  Still discussing what really happened all these years later . . . .  No matter your POV, impact of the Boston Massacre has had a long-standing effect on our country.  Propaganda (spreading opinions)  Posters showed slaughter of innocent Americans by British soldiers  In response, Parliament repeals (removes) Townshend Acts  BUT still leaves a tax on tea!!!!! Partner Alert: Some people say the Boston Massacre is the start of the . What are some reasons for this? What are some arguments against it? Copy this chart in your notebook. You have 5 minutes to write your thoughts. Arguments For: Arguments Against: Pretend you are a BRITISH SOLDIER living in the colonies during the Boston Massacre. You are not living in the Americas by choice. This is your job! You are stationed in Boston to maintain control of the rowdy colonists. They have been boycotting the King’s companies and burning rag dolls in the streets! You are also charged with helping to enforce the Townshend Acts. You MUST search anyone that is reported as a suspect in illegally smuggling goods. And now, somehow, 5 colonists are dead. YOU are one of the soldiers being blamed for the deaths. How do you feel about the events that have been occurring? Write about your POV in your “journal” AKA notebook. 10 sentences minimum. Use the direction sheet to continue learning about the Boston Massacre. We will conduct a “trial” in class by performing a reader’s theater. You will be asked to share your opinion. Refer to the “Simulation” paper for the rest of this activity (if time allows).  Allowed British East India Company to sell tea directly to shopkeepers in America

 Bypassed colonial merchants

 Colonists thought the Tea Act was another attempt by Britain to squash American freedom. ● John Hancock could smuggle tea in and sell it cheap! (didn’t pay taxes on it) ● His ship, the Liberty, was seized and he faced several hundred charges = got caught! ● He organized a boycott of tea sold by the British East India Company. ● Sales by BEIC fell from 320,000 lbs to 520 lbs in the colonies ●Sons of Liberty “disguised” themselves as Mohawk Indians.

●HMS Dartmouth, HMS Beaver, HMS Eleanour were docked in the harbor

●Dumped out 45 tons (362 chests) of tea

●Other than the tea, nothing else was damaged or stolen.

●Padlock- accidentally broken, but anonymously replaced

●Tea washed up on the shores around Boston for weeks.

●Ben Franklin said the tea must be repaid. ●Britain closed the Port of Boston

●Passed Intolerable Acts (which we will talk about next)

http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/american-revolution- history/videos/the-sons-of-liberty-and-the-boston-tea-party Complete The Boston Tea Party activity packet. Due tomorrow. This activity is worth 17 total points so please take your time and work carefully.   Copy & complete this chart. Look back at your notes on chapter 5 so far. Identify 4 key events/policies that led to rising tensions in the 1770s.

Rising Tensions In 1770’s  When news of the Boston Tea Party reached London, King George III realized that Britain was losing control of the colonies.  He said, “We must master them or totally leave them alone.”  The British government responded by passing the Coercive Acts (colonists called them Intolerable Acts) to punish the people of Massachusetts for continuing to resist British law.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=deU_9QzH 5sQ 1. Coercive Acts:  closed Boston Harbor until colonists paid for the tea  banned town meetings  forced colonists to shelter soldiers in their own homes  people from other colonies sent food & goods to help

2. Quebec Act:  set up government in Quebec  gave Quebec the area west of the Appalachians & North of the Ohio River  colonists believed these acts violated their rights as English citizens COLONISTS BRITISH http://www.nps.gov/webrangers/activities/patriot/ patriotspy.swf  militia = a group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies  minutemen = companies of civilian soldiers who boasted that they were ready to fight on a minute's notice  Loyalists = American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence  Patriot = American colonist who favored American independence  volunteer = willingly step forward  55 delegates from all colonies except Georgia  met in Philadelphia to create a political body to represent American interests and challenge Britain's rule  From Massachusetts: Samuel Adams & John Adams  From New York: John Jay  From Virginia: Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry, and George Washington drafted by the delegates called for repeal of 13 acts of parliament violated "laws of nature" and colonists rights voted to boycott trade to and from Britain prepared by people of Suffolk County, Massachusetts called for the people to arm themselves against the British colonists began forming organized militias (volunteer armies) ***watch Brainpop causes of the American Revolution**** Play a game: Username: ssloman Password: sloman101014 http://www.mission-us.org/pages/landing- mission-1 1) Create a recruitment poster for EITHER the Continental Army OR the British Army. 2) Your poster should include the following:  Reason why someone should join  Benefits/strengths of your side/cause  Colored illustration  militia groups began training, making ammo, and gathering weapons in Massachusetts

 Minutemen = militia groups that were named because they would be ready to fight in a minute's notice  By April 1775, thousands of British soldiers were sent to Boston  British General Thomas Gage sent to disarm Massachusetts militias & arrest colonial leaders  Ordered 700 troops to march to Concord to take or destroy all weapons  Paul Revere (with Dawes & Prescott to Lexington) warned everyone that the British were coming. He said, "The regulars are out!" throughout the countryside.

http://www.schooltube.com/video/6af096b905354dbcbdf7/

 3 min KidSnippet clip about American History:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GVhFI7cxwI  3 min Shot Heard Around The World video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqmTE-ZXsWE  Concord Hymn by Ralph Waldo Emmerson - written 1836  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbcpfyW47y4  Discuss Henry Wadsworth Longfellow poem “Midnight Ride Of Paul Revere if Mrs. Countryman covers it. . . . If not . . . Here’s the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4hUMQG3MI 8 http:// www.hi  At Lexington:  At Concord: story.co m/topi  70 minutemen  colonial cs/ame stood in defense on minutemen defeat rican- revoluti the common British forces at on/pau  8 minutemen are the North Bridge l- revere/ killed & British  militias along the videos# troops march on to road back to first- revoluti Concord Boston attack onary- redcoats battle- at-  174 British lexingt wounded on-- concor  73 British killed d Revolutionary Spy Common Core Activity = see other sheet (if you want to do this)

OR

Road To The Revolution Close Reading (2016)  British military fort on Lake Champlain  Green Mountain Boys = American forces led by Benedict Arnold & Ethan Allen  Captured Ticonderoga on May 10, 1775 (cut off communication)  Benedict Arnold later sold American military information to the British  was then given command of British troops in attacks against the colonists at Virginia and Connecticut "TRAITOR" called for volunteers to join militias colonial militia for Boston area reached around 20,000 both armies awaited the next move  June 16, 1775  1,200 American troops fortified area near Boston (Bunker Hill and Breed's Hill)  British forces assembled and charged to take positions  American forces fought off several waves of attacks until ran out of gunpowder Red = British  British won the battle, but suffered great losses  British learned defeating the colonists would not be quick or easy  Colonists were forced to choose sides:  Loyalists = chose to stay loyal to Britain  Patriots = supported the war for independence LOYALIST PATRIOTS Key Vocab & Ideas:  petition = formal request  preamble = introduction  debate = discussion Lesson Ideas: 1. Watch Dec Of Ind on brainpop & take quiz 2. Watch video links: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrSeCYSnj5Y http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9ovu0a6pL 8 4. “We Hold These Truths” activity sheet  Born into the family of a Boston candle maker  Became the most famous American of his time  Helped create a new nation  Watch Benjamin Franklin on Brainpop  At a time when people rarely traveled more than 20 miles from where they were born, Franklin made 8 Atlantic crossings and visited 10 countries.  He negotiated treaties with Great Britain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Spain  He was granted honorary degrees in England, Scotland, and America.  He exchanged letters on scientific & diplomatic ideas with some of the greatest minds of the eighteenth century.  International Celebrity Status   Bifocal Glasses  Lightening Rod   Studied electricity  Found energy has both a positive & negative charge  Gained international attention for scientific experiments  Franklin noticed the sea journey from North America to England was shorter than the return trip  Asked his cousin, a sea captain, to map its dimensions and course.  Franklin published this map and his directions for avoiding it Northern Lights = Aurora Borealis = He described as “the shifting of lights to a concentration of electrical charges in the polar regions intensified by snow and other moisture. This overcharging caused a release of electrical illumination into the air”. Wrote an essay on his findings in English and French.  Franklin was the youngest son and fifteenth child born  Father wasn’t rich = made candles for a living  He only attended school for two years  Against the odds, he made enough money to retire from active business by the age of 42.  Franklin didn’t patent any of his inventions or scientific discoveries, since he believed that everyone should be able to freely benefit from scientific progress = no $$$$ from them  So . . . how did he do it?  Ben Franklin was without a doubt one of the most successful printers of his time.  Printed things he wrote himself & other author’s writings.  His bestseller is titled, “The Way to Wealth,” = still in print TODAY and has gone through more than thirteen hundred editions.  He wrote & published journals, essays, books, newspaper articles, songs, almanacs, and an autobiography.  Benjamin didn’t want to make candles, but loved to read. He decided to become a printer. His brother owned a printing business. He inherited the shop when his brother died.  Started a newspaper called, The Pennsylvania Gazette

Ben Franklin’s printer  A yearly almanac published from 1732-1758  Ben used pen name: "Poor Richard" or "Richard Saunders"  Best seller (sold 10,000+ copies per year)  Contained a mixture of seasonal weather forecasts, practical household hints, puzzles, and other amusements  Some of the material in them was written by other people. DIRECTIONS: The following statements are from Poor Richard’s Almanack published by Ben Franklin. Copy the statement. Then write what you think the statement means in your own words. Illustrate.

1) Waste not, want not. 2) Fish and visitors stink after three days. 3) Keep conscience clear, then never fear. 4) A penny saved is a penny earned. 5) We are al born ignorant, but one must work hard to remain stupid.