Chapter 5: Unrest in the Colonies
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In London, Benjamin Franklin stated the American view on British taxes: "They will oppose it to the last. They do not consider it as at all necessary for you to raise money . by your taxes . America has been greatly misrepresented . (as) refusing to bear any part of (the war's) expense. The Colonies . paid and clothed near 25,000 men during the last war, a number equal to (that of) Britain." -----in an interview before The House Of Commons, 1766 What do you think Benjamin Franklin is trying to say? How do the colonists feel about the taxes? Write your response in your notebook. revenue = incoming money resolution = a formal expression of opinion boycott = to refuse to buy items from a particular country repeal = to cancel an act or law effigy = rag figure representing an unpopular individual prohibit = stop; disallow violate = disturb or disregard After the French & Indian war: • Britain gained control of a lot of territory in North America. Needed to protect its land & people. Passed The Proclamation Of 1763: 1. prohibited (prevented) colonists expanding West 2. controlled people in a contained area 3. avoid conflict with Native Americans 4. controlled fur trade in the frontier https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxp bjyYCBmA Britain planned to station over 10,000 troops in the newly acquired land to protect their interests: $$$$$ Needed revenue (incoming $) to pay for it Taxed the colonists HEAVILY Taxes were strictly enforced = some people tried to find ways around the taxes (smuggled goods) Britain passed Writs Sugar Act: Of Assistance in lowered the tax on 1767: imported molasses smugglers could be tried to convince tried without a jury colonists to pay the British officers tax (since it was could enter any lower) location to search gave officers ability for smuggled goods to take smuggled goods without going to court Stamp Act: placed a tax on almost all printed materials (newspapers, wills, playing cards, etc.) Colonists felt this violated their rights https://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=O9JJ uVxtNOc Patrick Henry = persuaded Virginia assembly to pass a resolution (formal expression of opinion) declaring only it had power to tax Virginians Samuel Adams = helped start a group called Sons Of Liberty to protest boycotted (refused to buy) British goods burned effigies (rag figures) of tax collectors YES! . And NO! Britain repealed (cancelled) the Stamp Act (YES!) BUT on the same day . Britain passed the Declaratory Act which stated Parliament had the right to tax and make decisions for the British colonies "in all cases“ (NO!) New taxes that would only apply to imported goods such as glass, tea, paint, and paper Tax was paid at the port of entry into the colonies By this point, ANY tax angered the colonists. The colonists believed only their OWN REPRESENTATIVES had the right to tax them. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epZpkND Exsk group of women REFUSED TO BUY British items urged Americans to produce goods they needed wear homemade fabrics = spinning bees https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=ex1Atx1tQPk Copy & Complete this chart. It is worth 5 points. You can use your notes or p. 122-125 in your text book to help you. Laws/Acts Colonists Results??? passed: reacted by (What did (5 so far) protesting: G.B. do?) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Newspapers = showed reaction after the passage of the Stamp Act Even though the Stamp Act = a tax of one penny per sheet on newspapers (and required that newspapers be printed on stamped paper purchased from the British) people still bought them, read them, shared them. Most newspaper owners were patriots. The taxes were usually shown in a negative light. (see next page) The New-York Gazette = printed letters from loyalist Daniel Leonard in 1765. Letters referred to Patriot protests as "a poison that ran through all the veins and arteries" of the colonists. Patriots (probably Sons Of Liberty) organized a mob of 75 colonists, stole the printing press, and melted it into bullets. Create a political cartoon that might have been printed in colonial newspapers to urge residents to boycott British goods in response to the Stamp Act. Use text evidence (historically correct) information in your cartoon. Use your notes and p 122-125 to help you. MUST be colored! This activity is worth 3 points. Pretend you are a colonist living in America during the time period we are currently studying. How would you feel about issues going on? Write your thoughts in your notebook. propaganda = ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion occupy = to control colonies on the brink of rebellion colonists were pushed too far by the British British officials started to get nervous about the colonists behavior sent troops to occupy colonial cities soldiers sometimes acted rudely and violently A widely debated event, few facts are known, make your own decisions about the Boston Massacre. POV = A person’s opinion or set of beliefs about something. Massacre = deliberately and violently kill a large number of people (Oxford Dictionary) Look at the illustrations & videos about this event. Think about the POV. Are each a valid source (fact) or invalid source (opinions) about the Boston Massacre. Copy the chart on the next page. Fill it in with the examples I’m going to show you. VALID SOURCE INVALID SOURCE Painting by Alonzo Chappel 5 minutes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRxJh9 mcfmk March 5, 1770 Crowd had gathered at customhouse (where British taxes were collected). Some had sticks, stones, and clubs. Snowballs were being thrown Someone in the crowd knocked down a British soldier British soldiers opened fire on the crowd 5 colonists were killed~2 immediately & 3 later from their wounds, including Crispus Attucks (dockworker who was part African, part Native American) Occurred on King Street in Boston, MA 9 British regulars (officers) charged during two trials, 2 were found guilty. Rest were acquitted. Still discussing what really happened all these years later . No matter your POV, impact of the Boston Massacre has had a long-standing effect on our country. Propaganda (spreading opinions) Posters showed slaughter of innocent Americans by British soldiers In response, Parliament repeals (removes) Townshend Acts BUT still leaves a tax on tea!!!!! Partner Alert: Some people say the Boston Massacre is the start of the American Revolution. What are some reasons for this? What are some arguments against it? Copy this chart in your notebook. You have 5 minutes to write your thoughts. Arguments For: Arguments Against: Pretend you are a BRITISH SOLDIER living in the colonies during the Boston Massacre. You are not living in the Americas by choice. This is your job! You are stationed in Boston to maintain control of the rowdy colonists. They have been boycotting the King’s companies and burning rag dolls in the streets! You are also charged with helping to enforce the Townshend Acts. You MUST search anyone that is reported as a suspect in illegally smuggling goods. And now, somehow, 5 colonists are dead. YOU are one of the soldiers being blamed for the deaths. How do you feel about the events that have been occurring? Write about your POV in your “journal” AKA notebook. 10 sentences minimum. Use the direction sheet to continue learning about the Boston Massacre. We will conduct a “trial” in class by performing a reader’s theater. You will be asked to share your opinion. Refer to the “Simulation” paper for the rest of this activity (if time allows). Allowed British East India Company to sell tea directly to shopkeepers in America Bypassed colonial merchants Colonists thought the Tea Act was another attempt by Britain to squash American freedom. ● John Hancock could smuggle tea in and sell it cheap! (didn’t pay taxes on it) ● His ship, the Liberty, was seized and he faced several hundred charges = got caught! ● He organized a boycott of tea sold by the British East India Company. ● Sales by BEIC fell from 320,000 lbs to 520 lbs in the colonies ●Sons of Liberty “disguised” themselves as Mohawk Indians. ●HMS Dartmouth, HMS Beaver, HMS Eleanour were docked in the harbor ●Dumped out 45 tons (362 chests) of tea ●Other than the tea, nothing else was damaged or stolen. ●Padlock- accidentally broken, but anonymously replaced ●Tea washed up on the shores around Boston for weeks. ●Ben Franklin said the tea must be repaid. ●Britain closed the Port of Boston ●Passed Intolerable Acts (which we will talk about next) http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/american-revolution- history/videos/the-sons-of-liberty-and-the-boston-tea-party Complete The Boston Tea Party activity packet. Due tomorrow. This activity is worth 17 total points so please take your time and work carefully. Copy & complete this chart. Look back at your notes on chapter 5 so far. Identify 4 key events/policies that led to rising tensions in the 1770s. Rising Tensions In 1770’s When news of the Boston Tea Party reached London, King George III realized that Britain was losing control of the colonies. He said, “We must master them or totally leave them alone.” The British government responded by passing the Coercive Acts (colonists called them Intolerable Acts) to punish the people of Massachusetts for continuing to resist British law. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=deU_9QzH 5sQ 1. Coercive Acts: closed Boston Harbor until colonists paid for the tea banned town meetings forced colonists to shelter soldiers in their own homes people from other colonies sent food & goods to help 2. Quebec Act: set up