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Assistance for Ethnic Minorities in Myanmar Through ODA (PDF, 312KB)
Chapter 1: ODA for Moving Forward Together Section 1: ODA for Achieving a Free, Prosperous, and Stable International Community – Assistance for democratization and national reconciliation Part I ch.1 ODA Assistance for Ethnic Minorities Topics in Myanmar through ODA ■ Surrounding ethnic minorities issues towards national reconciliation, including the peace process with ethnic minorities. Promoting regional development and Myanmar is said to be home to 135 different ethnic groups. the consolidation of peace, Japan will proactively implement Of these, the Bamar occupy about 70% of the population, assistance in ethnic minorities’ areas in order to contribute to living mainly in the central plains region. The ethnic the stable and sustainable growth of Myanmar. minorities that account for the remaining 30% primarily live Japan has thus far implemented assistance for ethnic in the mountainous regions near national borders. These minority regions based on the issues and needs of each state, minorities are broadly divided into seven major national focusing its support in the area of agriculture, which is their races, which are: Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen (Kayin), primary industry. Chin, Mon, Shan, and Rakhine (Arakan). The races are To name a few, rural development assistance (technical further broken down into 134 ethnic groups. cooperation) has been provided in the northern area of Shan The issues surrounding ethnic minorities in Myanmar are State for the dissemination and distribution of drug crop deeply rooted and were caused by the “divide and rule” alternatives. In the southern part of Shan State, production administration during British colonial period. Even after and distribution assistance in the development of sustainable gaining independence in 1948, conflict between the national circular agriculture was provided by working with NPO military and ethnic armed groups continued for 60 years in Terra People Association on a technical cooperation. -
Report on "Youth Perceptions of Pluralism and Diversity in Yangon
YOUTH PERCEPTIONS OF PLURALISM AND DIVERSITY IN YANGON, MYANMAR Report prepared for UNESCO by Enlightened Myanmar Research Foundation (EMReF) 22 November 2019 Yangon, Myanmar YOUTH PERCEPTIONS OF PLURALISM AND DIVERSITY IN YANGON, MYANMAR Executive summary 3 Introduction 5 Literature Review 6 Education 6 Isolation and Public and Cultural Spaces 6 Religion and Ethnicity 7 Histories and Memories of Coexistence, Friendship, and Acceptance 7 Discrimination and Burmanization 7 Parents, Teachers, and Lessons: Hierarchy and Social Norms 8 Social Media 8 Methodology 10 Ethnic and Religious Communities 11 Research Findings 13 Perceptions of Cultural Diversity, Pluralism and Tolerance 13 Discrimination, Civil Documentation and Conflict 15 Case Study 17 Socialization: Parents, Peers, and Lessons 19 Proverbs, Idioms, Mottos 19 Peers and Friends 20 Parents and Elders 21 Education (Schools, Universities and Teachers) 22 Isolation and Space 26 Festivals, Holidays, and Cultural and Religious Sites 27 Civic and Political Participation 29 Social Media and Hate Speech 30 Employment and Migration 31 Language 32 Change Agents 33 Conclusion 35 Recommendations for Program Expansion 37 Civil Society Mapping 38 References 41 2 YOUTH PERCEPTIONS OF PLURALISM AND DIVERSITY IN YANGON, MYANMAR Executive summary A number of primary gaps have been identified in the existing English language literature on youth, diversity, and pluralism in Myanmar that have particular ramifications for organizations and donors working in the youth and pluralism space. The first is the issue of translation. Most of the existing literature makes no note of how concepts such as diversity, tolerance, pluralism and discrimination are translated into Burmese or if there is a pre-existing Burmese concept or framework for these concepts, and particularly, how youth are using and learning about these concepts. -
Islamic Education in Myanmar: a Case Study
10: Islamic education in Myanmar: a case study Mohammed Mohiyuddin Mohammed Sulaiman Introduction `Islam', which literally means `peace' in Arabic, has been transformed into a faith interpreted loosely by one group and understood conservatively by another, making it seem as if Islam itself is not well comprehended by its followers. Today, it is the faith of 1.2 billion people across the world; Asia is a home for 60 per cent of these adherents, with Muslims forming an absolute majority in 11 countries (Selth 2003:5). Since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, international scholars have become increasingly interested in Islam and in Muslims in South-East Asia, where more than 230 million Muslims live (Mutalib 2005:50). These South-East Asian Muslims originally received Islam from Arab traders. History reveals the Arabs as sea-loving people who voyaged around the Indian Ocean (IIAS 2005), including to South-East Asia. The arrival of Arabs has had different degrees of impact on different communities in the region. We find, however, that not much research has been done by today's Arabs on the Arab±South-East Asian connection, as they consider South-East Asia a part of the wider `East', which includes Iran, Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Indeed, the term `South-East Asia' is hardly used in modern Arab literature. For them, anything east of the Middle East and non-Arabic speaking world is considered to be `Asia' (Abaza 2002). According to Myanmar and non-Myanmar sources, Islam reached the shores of Myanmar's Arakan (Rakhine State) as early as 712 AD, via oceangoing merchants, and in the form of Sufism. -
Tanintharyi Conservation Programme
Tanintharyi Conservation Programme IMPLEMENTATION OF LOCALLY-MANAGED MARINE AREAS (LMMA) IN THE MYEIK ARCHIPELAGO SCOPING TRIP TO LANGANN ISLAND AND THAYAWTHADANGYI ISLAND GROUP Gildas Andriamalala TCP Report No. 09 January 2015 FFI Myanmar 2014 Tanintharyi Conservation Programme The The Tanintharyi Conservation Programme is an initiative of Fauna & Flora programme International’s (FFI) Myanmar Programme, implemented in collaboration with the Myanmar Forest Department and a number of local, national and international collaborators and stakeholders. FFI Myanmar operates the programme under a MoU with the Forest Department specifically for marine and terrestrial conservation activities in Tanintharyi Region. Funding This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Commission, Helmsley Charitable Trust, Segre Foundation, Lighthouse Foundation and the Arcadia Fund. Suggested Andriamalala, G (2015) Implementation of Locally Managed Marine Areas citation (LMMAs) in the Myeik Archipelago, Myanmar. Scoping trip report. Report No. 11 of the Tanintharyi Conservation Programme, a joint initiative of Fauna & Flora International (FFI) and the Myanmar Forest Department. FFI, Yangon Author details Gildas Andriamalala, Conservation Technician, Individual Consultant [email protected]. Gildas spent 8 years supporting coastal communities in South-west Madagascar to developed LMMAs, including the MIHARI LMMA network. Copyright Reproduction of this report in full or in part is granted for the purposes of education, research or awareness, with the sole provision that the authors and authoring organisations be properly credited. Cover image The village of Langann, Myeik archipelago (Credit: Gildas Andriamalala/FFI) Disclaimer The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of Fauna & Flora International and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Commission or other donors. -
Behind the Scenes
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd 438 Behind the Scenes SEND US YOUR FEEDBACK We love to hear from travellers – your comments keep us on our toes and help make our books better. Our well-travelled team reads every word on what you loved or loathed about this book. Although we cannot reply individually to your submissions, we always guarantee that your feed- back goes straight to the appropriate authors, in time for the next edition. Each person who sends us information is thanked in the next edition – the most useful submissions are rewarded with a selection of digital PDF chapters. Visit lonelyplanet.com/contact to submit your updates and suggestions or to ask for help. Our award-winning website also features inspirational travel stories, news and discussions. Note: We may edit, reproduce and incorporate your comments in Lonely Planet products such as guidebooks, websites and digital products, so let us know if you don’t want your comments reproduced or your name acknowledged. For a copy of our privacy policy visit lonelyplanet.com/ privacy. Tamara Decaluwe, Terence Boley, Thomas Van OUR READERS Loock, Tim Elliott, Ylwa Alwarsdotter Many thanks to the travellers who used the last edition and wrote to us with help- ful hints, useful advice and interesting WRITER THANKS anecdotes: Alex Wharton, Amy Nguyen, Andrew Selth, Simon Richmond Angela Tucker, Anita Kuiper, Annabel Dunn, An- Many thanks to my fellow authors and the fol- nette Lüthi, Anthony Lee, Bernard Keller, Carina lowing people in Yangon: William Myatwunna, Hall, Christina Pefani, Christoph Knop, Chris- Thant Myint-U, Edwin Briels, Jessica Mudditt, toph Mayer, Claudia van Harten, Claudio Strep- Jaiden Coonan, Tim Aye-Hardy, Ben White, parava, Dalibor Mahel, Damian Gruber, David Myo Aung, Marcus Allender, Jochen Meissner, Jacob, Don Stringman, Elisabeth Schwab, Khin Maung Htwe, Vicky Bowman, Don Wright, Elisabetta Bernardini, Erik Dreyer, Florian James Hayton, Jeremiah Whyte and Jon Boos, Gabriella Wortmann, Garth Riddell, Gerd Keesecker. -
The Moken People of Burmaʼs Mergui Archipelago
The Coming Extinction: The Moken People of Burmaʼs Mergui Archipelago A Research Report by The Coming Extinction: The Moken People of Burma’s Mergui Archipelago Acknowledgement This report was co-authored by a BHRN’s researcher who lives in the region and remains anonymous for security reasons and by Regina M. Paulose, International Criminal Law Attorney, with the support of the Moken activists and people and BHRN’s Executive Director Kyaw Win. BHRN is grateful to the community members who shared their stories with us, and to the local, multi-ethnic team research assistants who worked in solidarity with Burmese Muslims to make this documentation project possible. www.bhrn.org.uk 2 The Coming Extinction: The Moken People of Burma’s Mergui Archipelago About Burma Human Rights Network ( BHRN ) The Burma Human Rights Network (BHRN) was founded in 2012 and works for human rights, minority rights, and religious freedom in Burma. BHRN has played a crucial role in advocating for these principles with politicians and world leaders. BHRN is funded by the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), Unitarian Universalist Service Committee (UUSC), American Jewish World Service (AJWS), Tide Foundation, and private individuals. We employ local researchers across Burma and neighbouring areas in Rakhine State, on the Thai-Burma border, and on the Bangladesh border investigating and documenting human rights violations. Any information we receive is carefully checked for credibility by experienced senior research officers in the organisation. BHRN publishes press releases and research reports after investigations are concluded on concerning issues. BHRN is one of the leading organisations from Burma conducting evidence-based international advocacy for human rights, including statelessness, minority rights, and freedom of religion and belief. -
Tourist Attractions in Tanintharyi
Huai Ma lwe Thungyai - Huai Kha daung Khaeng Wildlife Kha U t h a i 634m Thungyai Sanctuaries Khaeng Naresuan Phu Toei T h a n i C h a i Khuen Si Nakarin N a t 15°0'0"N Khao ^_ selected tourism attraction Tourist attractions inurÇmvSnfhc&D;onfrsm; Tanintharyi pdwf0ifpm;onfhae&mr Laem dive site Mon State current and selectedKhlong potential attractions for tourisma&ikyfEdkifonfhae&m (DoHT and other sources) Lamngu S u p h a n Tanintharyi Region Admin. boundaryS u p h a n Settlements Tourist attractions/sites tkyfcsKyfrIe,fedrdwfrsm;B u r i vlaexdkif&ma'orsm; ^¬ island tourist attraction international ^¬ region capital tjynfjynfqdkif&mEdkifiHe,fedrdwf wdkif;a'oBuD;^NrdKU ^¬ district capital other tourist attraction State/Region ^¬ DoHT Zin ba c½dkif^NrdKU Taung data from wdkif;ESihfjynfe,fe,fedrdwf 464m Thong ^_ planned CBT township capital District / Changwat Pha Phum Chalearm NrdKUe,f^NrdKU Dawei !. other (and potential) tourist attraction Rattanakosin c½dkife,fedrdwf sub-township capital Kaleinaung Colonial old town, broom, mats & cashew factory, “9 Pagodas”, Township NrdKUe,fcGJ^NrdKU Tanintharyi Cultural Museum, MyoMarket, Malingapi, Ma Saw Po dive sites NrdKUe,fe,fedrdwf & Saw Si Gong Chinese Temple, Ancient cities (Wedi, Thargara, ..), other town Sandaw NrdKU Mosques, Hindu Temples, ... Shin ?! Kanchanaburi mangrove / 'Da&awm Paleekari Hotel, Garden Hotel, Hotel Zeyar Thet San Pagoda Tanintharyi Tourist checkpoint (planned) !( village tract main village Hotel Shwe Maung Than, Maung Lay Hotel, Golden Guest Hotel, Nature Reserve mudflat -
Myanmar Languages | Ethnologue
7/24/2016 Myanmar Languages | Ethnologue Myanmar LANGUAGES Akeu [aeu] Shan State, Kengtung and Mongla townships. 1,000 in Myanmar (2004 E. Johnson). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Akheu, Aki, Akui. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Ngwi-Burmese, Ngwi, Southern. Comments: Non-indigenous. More Information Akha [ahk] Shan State, east Kengtung district. 200,000 in Myanmar (Bradley 2007a). Total users in all countries: 563,960. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Ahka, Aini, Aka, Ak’a, Ekaw, Ikaw, Ikor, Kaw, Kha Ko, Khako, Khao Kha Ko, Ko, Yani. Dialects: Much dialectal variation; some do not understand each other. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Ngwi-Burmese, Ngwi, Southern. More Information Anal [anm] Sagaing: Tamu town, 10 households. 50 in Myanmar (2010). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Namfau. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Sal, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Northern. Comments: Non- indigenous. Christian. More Information Anong [nun] Northern Kachin State, mainly Kawnglangphu township. 400 in Myanmar (2000 D. Bradley), decreasing. Ethnic population: 10,000 (Bradley 2007b). Total users in all countries: 450. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Anoong, Anu, Anung, Fuchve, Fuch’ye, Khingpang, Kwingsang, Kwinp’ang, Naw, Nawpha, Nu. Dialects: Slightly di㨽erent dialects of Anong spoken in China and Myanmar, although no reported diഡculty communicating with each other. Low inherent intelligibility with the Matwang variety of Rawang [raw]. Lexical similarity: 87%–89% with Anong in Myanmar and Anong in China, 73%–76% with T’rung [duu], 77%–83% with Matwang variety of Rawang [raw]. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Central Tibeto-Burman, Nungish. Comments: Di㨽erent from Nung (Tai family) of Viet Nam, Laos, and China, and from Chinese Nung (Cantonese) of Viet Nam. -
Sector-Wide Impact Assessment Oil And
Sector Wide Impact Assessment Myanmar Oil & Gas Sector Wide Impact Assessment The Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business (MCRB) was set up in 2013 by the Institute for Human Rights and Business (IHRB) and the Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR) with funding from several donor governments. Based in Yangon, it aims to provide a trusted and impartial platform for the creation of knowledge, capacity, and dialogue amongst businesses, civil society organisations and governments to encourage responsible business conduct throughout Myanmar. Responsible business means business conduct that works for the long- term interests of Myanmar and its people, based on responsible social and environmental performance within the context of international standards. © Copyright Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business (MCRB), Institute for Human Rights and Business (IHRB), and Danish Institute for Human Rights (DIHR), September 2014. Published by MCRB, IHRB and DIHR. Citation: MCRB, IHRB and DIHR, "Myanmar Oil & Gas Sector-Wide Impact Assessment (SWIA)" (Sept. 2014) All rights reserved. MCRB, IHRB and DIHR permit free reproduction of extracts from this publication provided that due acknowledgment is given and a copy of the publication carrying the extract is sent to the headquarter addresses below. Requests for permission to reproduce and translate the publication should be addressed to MCRB, IHRB and DIHR. ISBN: 978-1-908405-20-3 Myanmar Centre for Institute for Human Rights Danish Institute for Responsible Business and Business (IHRB) Human Rights (DIHR) 15 Shan Yeiktha Street 34b York Way Wilders Plads 8K Sanchaung, Yangon, London, N1 9AB 1403 Copenhagen K Myanmar United Kingdom Email: Email: info@myanmar- Email: [email protected] [email protected] responsiblebusiness.org Web: www.ihrb.org Web: Web: www.myanmar- www.humanrights.dk responsiblebusiness.org or www.mcrb.org.mm Acknowledgements The partner organisations would like to thank the Governments of Denmark, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland and United Kingdom for their on-going support to MCRB. -
Myanmar Maneuvers How to Break Political-Criminal Alliances in Contexts of Transition
United Nations University Centre for Policy Research Crime-Conflict Nexus Series: No 9 April 2017 Myanmar Maneuvers How to Break Political-Criminal Alliances in Contexts of Transition Dr. Vanda Felbab-Brown Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution This material has been funded by UK aid from the UK government; however the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UK government’s official policies. © 2017 United Nations University. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-92-808-9040-2 Myanmar Maneuvers How to Break Political-Criminal Alliances in Contexts of Transition 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Myanmar case study analyzes the complex interactions between illegal economies -conflict and peace. Particular em- phasis is placed on understanding the effects of illegal economies on Myanmar’s political transitions since the early 1990s, including the current period, up through the first year of the administration of Aung San Suu Kyi. Described is the evolu- tion of illegal economies in drugs, logging, wildlife trafficking, and gems and minerals as well as land grabbing and crony capitalism, showing how they shaped and were shaped by various political transitions. Also examined was the impact of geopolitics and the regional environment, particularly the role of China, both in shaping domestic political developments in Myanmar and dynamics within illicit economies. For decades, Burma has been one of the world’s epicenters of opiate and methamphetamine production. Cultivation of poppy and production of opium have coincided with five decades of complex and fragmented civil war and counterinsur- gency policies. An early 1990s laissez-faire policy of allowing the insurgencies in designated semi-autonomous regions to trade any products – including drugs, timber, jade, and wildlife -- enabled conflict to subside. -
Myanmar Protected Areas: Context, Current Status and Challenges”, One of the Outputs of of Biodiversity for Successful Conservations Programs
Myanmar Protected Areas Context, Current Status and Challenges Myanmar Protected Areas Forewords In memory of U Uga We, at the European Union, have been fully committed to environmental protection and conservation. Our engagement principles are embedded in the European Union Consensus on Development published in 2005 that outlines our support for biodiversity conservation, water and energy supply as well as the fight against climate change. Environmental protection underpins sustainable development, the more so in a country as Burma/ Myanmar where large parts of the population rely on natural resources for their food, shelter and energy needs. The world’s poorest are those directly dependent on natural resources for their daily survival and therefore most vulnerable to environmental hazards. This is why the European Union has made the protection and sustainable management of natural resources a priority in its poverty reduction policies. In Burma/Myanmar, a key instrument for cooperation has been the Non State Actors (NSA) Programme. The overall objective of the NSA programme is to support the emergence of civil society organizations and enable them to fight poverty across a range of sectors such as education, health and livelihoods. The project “Strengthening environmental NGOs in Burma/Myanmar” implemented jointly by Istituto Oikos and BANCA was the first environment initiative funded by the European Union under this programme. Sound environmental conservation is only effective if based on accurate data and analysis on the state of the environment. This project was a wonderful opportunity to build the knowledge base on biodiversity resources while, at the same time, building capacity for better data collection and analysis. -
Tourism Development and Conservation Priority Sites
Huai Ma lwe Thungyai - Huai Kha daung Khaeng Wildlife Kha U t h a i 634m Thungyai Sanctuaries Khaeng Naresuan Phu Toei T h a n i C h a i Khuen Si Tourism Development and ConservationNakarin Priority SitesN a t 15°0'0"N Khao AreasLaem of high conservation importance & hotels, development, tours and attractions Mon State Khlong Lamngu Legend S u p h a n Tanintharyi Region Hotel development permissions proposed marine protected areas (MPAs) data from DoHT 2016, TNI B uNTZ r i (no take zone) «¬H MIC permitted, foreign investment GRZ (gear restricction zone) «¬H MIC permitted, myanmar investment MUZ (multiple use zone) Zin ba «¬H Taung applied at MIC, foreign investment 464m Thong ¶[ sea turtle nesting beaches Pha Phum «¬H applied at MIC, myanmarChalearm investment Rattanakosin kj seagrass area Kaleinaung hotel concession area coral reef Hotels & Accomodation *# important coral recruits site Tanintharyi Kanchanaburidata compiled by FFI v® !( Hard coral cover over 50% Nature Reserve exisiting Salak !( coral reef check sites with v® under construcction Yebyu TS Phra < 50% or no hard coral cover v® planned limestone mountain / karst 0# v® no licence yet natural bird nest collection site Sai Yok Tourist attractions/sites Landcover ^¬Erawan island tourist attraction intact forest Dawei ^¬ other tourist attraction SEZ Yebyu DoHT degraded forest Dawei TS from data ^_ planned CBT clearing and grassland Yebyu !. Taung other (and potential) tourist attraction 539m Myitta dive sites other, non-forest ·[ ?! Tourist checkpoint (planned) waterbody Launglone ^¬Dawei Moskos Islands TS popular tourist boat route potential tourist boat route Mudflat Wildlife Sanctuary foreigner not allowed yet KanchanaburiMangrove^¬ Launglone intact to slightly degraded 14°0'0"N N a k h o n Ler Nu Htee N a t i o n a l degraded P a t h o m Moscos Islands P a r k MUZ heavily degraded T a M a e K l o Laung Lone Herbal Forest Ye bu Taung nipa Bok Is.