DOCSLIB.ORG

Marine Shipping Quantitative Risk Analysis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marine Shipping Quantitative Risk Analysis Technical Data Report MARINE SHIPPING QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS ENBRIDGE NORTHERN GATEWAY PROJECT Det Norske Veritas Oslo, Norway Audun Brandsæter, Principal Consultant Peter Hoffmann, Senior Consultant 2010 MARINE SHIPPING QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS Technical Data Report Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ i List of Tables ................................................................................................................ iv List of Figures .............................................................................................................. vii Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 1-1 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1-4 1.1 Objective ............................................................................................................. 1-4 1.2 Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... 1-6 2 Methodology ..................................................................................................... 2-7 2.1 Northern Gateway Pipelines Marine QRA Methodology ..................................... 2-7 2.2 Application of Methodology ................................................................................ 2-8 3 System Definition ........................................................................................... 3-10 3.1 Route Description ............................................................................................. 3-10 3.1.1 Description of Segments Common to all Routes (Segments 1 and 2) ........ 3-14 3.1.2 North Route Segments (Segment 3 to Segment 5) ..................................... 3-18 3.1.3 South Route Segments (Segments 6 to 9) .................................................. 3-23 3.1.4 Area Seaward of Queen Charlotte Islands and Vancouver Island .............. 3-26 3.1.5 Alternative Routes ....................................................................................... 3-27 3.2 Tanker Specifications ....................................................................................... 3-30 3.2.1 Hull and Cargo Tank Components .............................................................. 3-30 3.2.2 Navigational Equipment ............................................................................... 3-31 3.2.3 Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting ................................................................ 3-31 3.3 Kitimat Terminal ................................................................................................ 3-32 3.3.1 Marine Terminal Berthing Procedures ......................................................... 3-33 3.3.2 Terminal Cargo Transfer Equipment ........................................................... 3-34 3.3.3 Marine Terminal Safety and Monitoring Equipment .................................... 3-35 3.4 Weather Description ......................................................................................... 3-36 3.4.1 Waves, Wind and Current............................................................................ 3-36 3.4.2 Currents ....................................................................................................... 3-38 4 Hazard Identification ....................................................................................... 4-40 4.1 HAZID Workshop .............................................................................................. 4-40 4.1.1 Methodology ................................................................................................ 4-40 4.2 Hazard Evaluation of Routes by Navigational Expert ....................................... 4-44 4.2.1 Collision Hazard .......................................................................................... 4-45 4.2.2 Grounding Hazard ....................................................................................... 4-45 4.3 Local Meetings and Interviews ......................................................................... 4-46 4.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 4-47 5 Frequency Assessment .................................................................................. 5-49 5.1 Incidents during Transit to and from the Kitimat Terminal ................................ 5-49 5.1.1 Vessel Incident Frequency Data .................................................................. 5-49 5.1.2 Assumptions on Sailing Time Relevant to Incidents ................................... 5-50 5.1.3 Scaling Factors ............................................................................................ 5-51 2010 DRAFT Page i MARINE SHIPPING QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS Technical Data Report Table of Contents 5.1.4 Grounding .................................................................................................... 5-54 5.1.5 Collision ....................................................................................................... 5-61 5.1.6 Foundering ................................................................................................... 5-66 5.1.7 Scaled Fire and / or Explosion Frequency per Segment ............................. 5-69 5.1.8 Scaled Incident Frequencies for Each Route Segment ............................... 5-69 5.2 Incidents during Berthing and Cargo Transfer Operations ............................... 5-71 5.2.1 Impact by Harbour Tug ................................................................................ 5-71 5.2.2 Tanker Striking Pier during Berthing ............................................................ 5-72 5.2.3 Impact by Passing Vessels .......................................................................... 5-72 5.2.4 Cargo Transfer Operations .......................................................................... 5-74 6 Consequence Assessment ............................................................................ 6-76 6.1 Conditional Spill Probabilities ........................................................................... 6-76 6.2 Tanker Capacities ............................................................................................ 6-76 6.3 Conditional Probability of a Spill from Incidents Occurring during Transit to and from the Marine Terminal .......................................................................... 6-77 6.3.1 Grounding .................................................................................................... 6-78 6.3.2 Collisions ..................................................................................................... 6-82 6.3.3 Foundering ................................................................................................... 6-87 6.3.4 Fire and Explosions ..................................................................................... 6-87 6.3.5 Unmitigated Spill Frequencies per Segment ............................................... 6-88 6.4 Conditional Probability of a Spill from Incidents Occurring during Berthing and Cargo Transfer Operations ........................................................................ 6-90 6.4.1 Tanker Striking Pier during Berthing ............................................................ 6-90 6.4.2 Impact by a Passing Vessel ......................................................................... 6-91 6.4.3 Cargo Transfer Operations .......................................................................... 6-91 7 Unmitigated Risk Evaluation .......................................................................... 7-93 7.1 Definition of Incident and Spill Return Periods ................................................. 7-93 7.2 Relative Comparison of Unmitigated Incident and Spill Return Periods for Tanker Transits to and from the Kitimat Terminal ............................................ 7-94 7.3 Relative Comparison of the Effect of the use of Alternative Routes on Unmitigated Spill Return Periods ..................................................................... 7-97 7.3.1 Whale Channel ............................................................................................ 7-97 7.3.2 Cridge Passage ........................................................................................... 7-98 7.3.3 Estevan Sound ............................................................................................ 7-98 7.3.4 Conclusions on the Use of Alternate Routes ............................................... 7-98 7.4 Sensitivity Analyses .......................................................................................... 7-99 7.4.1 Increased Scaling Factors for Grounding .................................................... 7-99 7.4.2 Increased Traffic ........................................................................................ 7-100 7.4.3 Increase or Decrease in the Number of Tankers Calling at the Kitimat Terminal ..................................................................................................... 7-101 7.4.4 Extending Routes Seaward of the Queen Charlotte Islands and Vancouver Island ....................................................................................... 7-102 7.4.5 Conclusion from the Sensitivity Analysis ..................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Overload Problem
    IJBTS International Journal of Business Tourism and Applied Sciences Vol.2 No.2 July-December2014 AN INNOVATION APPROACH FOR IMPROVING PASSENGER VESSELS SAFETY LEVEL: OVERLOAD PROBLEM N. S. F. ABDUL RAHMAN1, H. Z. ROSLI School of Maritime Business and Management, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to design the conceptual model concerning an innovation overloaded sensor that can be used to detect and reduce the overload problem of passenger ships. A passenger vessel becomes an important mode of transport to transfer people or goods from one destination to other destination. The passenger vessel service generates high income and profit margin to the ship operators. Thus, most ship operators are operating their vessels with over capacity of passengers for a single voyage. By doing that, the voyage and operating costs of the passenger ship can be reduced respectively. The overload passenger vessels scenario leads to the collision or sink of the vessel and also it causes the possibility of passenger death. To overcome this issue, an innovation technology incorporates the elevator concepts using the load sensor (HCC-High Capacity Compression) and use batching controller to setting the minimum and maximum capacities is recommended to be installed at the entry point of the passenger vessels. The number of passenger ship collisions due to the overloaded problem is expected to be reduced using the proposed sensor. Ultimately, the total number of passenger deaths due to this problem will automatically be reduced. Keywords: Passengers Vessels; Overload Problem; Load Sensor; Maritime Tourism Innovation; High Capacity Compressor (HCC).
    [Show full text]
  • The Navigability Concept in the Civil and Common Law: Historical Development, Current Importance, and Some Doctrines That Don't Hold Water
    Florida State University Law Review Volume 3 Issue 4 Article 1 Fall 1975 The Navigability Concept in the Civil and Common Law: Historical Development, Current Importance, and Some Doctrines That Don't Hold Water Glenn J. MacGrady Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr Part of the Admiralty Commons, and the Water Law Commons Recommended Citation Glenn J. MacGrady, The Navigability Concept in the Civil and Common Law: Historical Development, Current Importance, and Some Doctrines That Don't Hold Water, 3 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. 511 (1975) . https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr/vol3/iss4/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida State University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW VOLUME 3 FALL 1975 NUMBER 4 THE NAVIGABILITY CONCEPT IN THE CIVIL AND COMMON LAW: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, CURRENT IMPORTANCE, AND SOME DOCTRINES THAT DON'T HOLD WATER GLENN J. MACGRADY TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ---------------------------- . ...... ..... ......... 513 II. ROMAN LAW AND THE CIVIL LAW . ........... 515 A. Pre-Roman Legal Conceptions 515 B. Roman Law . .... .. ... 517 1. Rivers ------------------- 519 a. "Public" v. "Private" Rivers --- 519 b. Ownership of a River and Its Submerged Bed..--- 522 c. N avigable R ivers ..........................................- 528 2. Ownership of the Foreshore 530 C. Civil Law Countries: Spain and France--------- ------------- 534 1. Spanish Law----------- 536 2. French Law ----------------------------------------------------------------542 III. ENGLISH COMMON LAw ANTECEDENTS OF AMERICAN DOCTRINE -- --------------- 545 A.
    [Show full text]
  • A.A.A. - the American Arbitration Association
    A.A.A. - The American Arbitration Association. Corporate Headquarters, E-mail: [email protected]. International Center for Dispute Resolution, E-mail: mailto:[email protected] Website: http://www.adr.org/ A.A.A. - The Association of Average Adjusters - HQS "Wellington", Temple Stairs, Victoria Embankment, London WC2R 2PN. Abandonment [Fr.: " délaissement "] [Span.: " abandono "] [Ital.: " abbandono "] [Gr.: "Abandonnierung "; "Aufgabe eines Rechtsanspruches "] - Abandonment is the giving up by the insured of the proprietary rights in insured property to the underwriter in consideration for payment of a constructive total loss (infra ) or an actual total loss (infra ). See Marine Insurance Act, 1906 (U.K.) sects. 61-63; see also Notice of abandonment (infra ). See Tetley, Int'l M. & A. L. , 2003 at p.612. Abandonment (" abandon ") is also the ancient principle of a shipowner having responsibility only up to the value of the ship and freight (infra ) (but calculated after the collision (infra )). The principle was found in the 1924 Shipowners' Limitation Convention and is still found in the U.S. Shipowners' Limitation of Liability Act , 1851, 46 U.S. Code App. 183. See Tetley, Int'l. C. of L. , 1994 at pp. 510-511, 517-518; Tetley, M.L.C. , 2 Ed., 1998 at pp. 109-110; Tetley, Int'l. M & A. L. , 2003 at pp. 20-21. "Abus de droit" - [Span.: " abuso de derecho "] [Ital.: " abuso di diritto "] [Gr.: "Rechtsmißbrauch "]- A civil law principle of abuse of right due to a flagrant act of a creditor or the possessor of a thing. See Tetley, Int'l. C. of L. , 1994 at p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conservation Action Plan the Ganges River Dolphin
    THE CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN FOR THE GANGES RIVER DOLPHIN 2010-2020 National Ganga River Basin Authority Ministry of Environment & Forests Government of India Prepared by R. K. Sinha, S. Behera and B. C. Choudhary 2 MINISTER’S FOREWORD I am pleased to introduce the Conservation Action Plan for the Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) in the Ganga river basin. The Gangetic Dolphin is one of the last three surviving river dolphin species and we have declared it India's National Aquatic Animal. Its conservation is crucial to the welfare of the Ganga river ecosystem. Just as the Tiger represents the health of the forest and the Snow Leopard represents the health of the mountainous regions, the presence of the Dolphin in a river system signals its good health and biodiversity. This Plan has several important features that will ensure the existence of healthy populations of the Gangetic dolphin in the Ganga river system. First, this action plan proposes a set of detailed surveys to assess the population of the dolphin and the threats it faces. Second, immediate actions for dolphin conservation, such as the creation of protected areas and the restoration of degraded ecosystems, are detailed. Third, community involvement and the mitigation of human-dolphin conflict are proposed as methods that will ensure the long-term survival of the dolphin in the rivers of India. This Action Plan will aid in their conservation and reduce the threats that the Ganges river dolphin faces today. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. R. K. Sinha , Dr. S. K. Behera and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimizing Dredge-And-Dump Activities for River Navigability Using a Hydro-Morphodynamic Model
    Water 2015, 7, 3943-3962; doi:10.3390/w7073943 OPEN ACCESS water ISSN 2073-4441 www.mdpi.com/journal/water Article Optimizing Dredge-and-Dump Activities for River Navigability Using a Hydro-Morphodynamic Model Andries J. Paarlberg 1, Massimo Guerrero 2,*, Fredrik Huthoff 1 and Mariano Re 3 1 HKV Consultants, Lelystad 8232, The Netherlands; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.J.P.); [email protected] (F.H.) 2 Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna 40136, Italy 3 National Institute for Water (INA), Ezeiza, Buenos Aires 1804, Argentina; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-051-2090519. Academic Editor: Markus Disse Received: 9 May 2015 / Accepted: 8 July 2015 / Published: 17 July 2015 Abstract: Worldwide, significant dredging activities of riverbed sediment are employed to ensure that freight transportation on rivers can continue year-round. Imbalances of sediment budget may produce relevant impacts regarding river morphology and related environmental services. This study shows that hydro-morphodynamic modeling tools can be used to optimize dredge-and-dump activities and, at the same time, mitigate problems deriving from these activities in rivers. As a case study, we focused on dredging activities on the Lower Parana River, Argentina. Navigation on this river is of crucial importance to the economies of the bordering countries, hence, each year significant dredging activities are employed. To estimate dredging loads under different strategies, a 25 km river reach of the Parana River was modeled using the Delft3D-modelling suite by Deltares.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential for Terrorist Nuclear Attack Using Oil Tankers
    Order Code RS21997 December 7, 2004 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Port and Maritime Security: Potential for Terrorist Nuclear Attack Using Oil Tankers Jonathan Medalia Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary While much attention has been focused on threats to maritime security posed by cargo container ships, terrorists could also attempt to use oil tankers to stage an attack. If they were able to place an atomic bomb in a tanker and detonate it in a U.S. port, they would cause massive destruction and might halt crude oil shipments worldwide for some time. Detecting a bomb in a tanker would be difficult. Congress may consider various options to address this threat. This report will be updated as needed. Introduction The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, heightened interest in port and maritime security.1 Much of this interest has focused on cargo container ships because of concern that terrorists could use containers to transport weapons into the United States, yet only a small fraction of the millions of cargo containers entering the country each year is inspected. Some observers fear that a container-borne atomic bomb detonated in a U.S. port could wreak economic as well as physical havoc. Robert Bonner, the head of Customs and Border Protection (CBP) within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), has argued that such an attack would lead to a halt to container traffic worldwide for some time, bringing the world economy to its knees. Stephen Flynn, a retired Coast Guard commander and an expert on maritime security at the Council on Foreign Relations, holds a similar view.2 While container ships accounted for 30.5% of vessel calls to U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Ship Arrests in Practice 1 FOREWORD
    SHIP ARRESTS IN PRACTICE ELEVENTH EDITION 2018 A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO SHIP ARREST & RELEASE PROCEDURES IN 93 JURISDICTIONS WRITTEN BY MEMBERS OF THE SHIPARRESTED.COM NETWORK Ship Arrests in Practice 1 FOREWORD Welcome to the eleventh edition of Ship Arrests in Practice. When first designing this publication, I never imagined it would come this far. It is a pleasure to announce that we now have 93 jurisdictions (six more than in the previous edition) examined under the questionnaire I drafted years ago. For more than a decade now, this publication has been circulated to many industry players. It is a very welcome guide for parties willing to arrest or release a ship worldwide: suppliers, owners, insurers, P&I Clubs, law firms, and banks are some of our day to day readers. Thanks are due to all of the members contributing to this year’s publication and my special thanks goes to the members of the Editorial Committee who, as busy as we all are, have taken the time to review the publication to make it the first-rate source that it is. The law is stated as of 15th of January 2018. Felipe Arizon Editorial Committee of the Shiparrested.com network: Richard Faint, Kelly Yap, Francisco Venetucci, George Chalos, Marc de Man, Abraham Stern, and Dr. Felipe Arizon N.B.: The information contained in this book is for general purposes, providing a brief overview of the requirements to arrest or release ships in the said jurisdictions. It does not contain any legal or professional advice. For a detailed synopsis, please contact the members’ law firm.
    [Show full text]
  • Admiralty's in Extremis Doctrine: What Can Be Learned from the Restatement (Third) of Torts Approach? Craig H
    University of Washington School of Law UW Law Digital Commons Articles Faculty Publications 2012 Admiralty's In Extremis Doctrine: What Can Be Learned from the Restatement (Third) of Torts Approach? Craig H. Allen University of Washington School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/faculty-articles Part of the Admiralty Commons, and the Torts Commons Recommended Citation Craig H. Allen, Admiralty's In Extremis Doctrine: What Can Be Learned from the Restatement (Third) of Torts Approach?, 43 J. Mar. L. & Com. 155 (2012), https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/faculty-articles/80 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at UW Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of UW Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce, Vol. 43, No. 2, April, 2012 Admiralty's In Extremis Doctrine: What Can be Learned from the Restatement (Third) of Torts Approach? Craig H. Allen* I INTRODUCTION The in extremis doctrine has been part of maritime collision law in the U.S. for more than one hundred and sixty years. One would expect that a century and a half would provide ample time for mariners and admiralty practitioners and judges to master the doctrine. Alas, some of the profes- sional nautical commentary and even an occasional collision case suggest that the doctrine is often misunderstood or misapplied. A fair number of admiralty writers fail to understand that the in extremis doctrine is not a sin- gle "in extremis rule," but rather several rules, all of which are related to the existence of a somewhat poorly defined "in extremis situation." Some prac- titioners and mariners also appear to believe the in extremis "rule" has been fully codified into the present Collision Regulations (either in Rule 2(b) or 17(b) or perhaps both) obviating recourse to the general maritime law cases.
    [Show full text]
  • 13 Ship-Breaking.Com
    Information bulletin on September 26th, 2008 ship demolition #13 June 7th to September 21st 2008 Ship-breaking.com February 2003. Lightboat, Le Havre. February 2008 © Robin des Bois From June 7th to September 21st 2008, 118 vessels have left to be demolished. The cumulative total of the demolitions will permit the recycling of more than 940,000 tons of metals. The 2008 flow of discarded vessels has not slowed down. Since the beginning of the year 276 vessels have been sent to be scrapped which represents more than 2 millions tons of metals whereas throughout 2007 289 vessels were scrapped for a total of 1.7 milion tons of metals. The average price offered by Bangladeshi and Indian ship breakers has risen to 750-800 $ per ton. The ship owners are taking advantage of these record prices by sending their old vessels to be demolished. Even the Chinese ship breaking yards have increased their price via the purchase of the container ship Provider at 570$ per ton, with prices averaging more than 500 $. However, these high prices have now decreased with the collapse of metal prices during summer and the shipyards are therefore renegotiating at lower price levels with brokers and cash buyers sometimes changing the final destination at the last minute. This was the case of the Laieta, which was supposed to leave for India for 910 $ per ton and was sold to Bangladesh at 750 $ per ton. The price differences have been particularly notable in India; the shipyards prices have returned to 600 $ per ton. From June to September, India with 60 vessels (51%) to demolish, is ahead of Bangladesh with 40 (34%), The United States 8 (7%), China 4 (4%), Turkey 2 (2%), Belgium and Mexico, 1 vessel each (1%).
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix: Case Studies of Environmental Dredging Projects Table 1
    1. Introduction This section describes the sources of available data on which much of the performance standards is based. Completed dredging projects that provide information on upstream and downstream water column conditions, as well as on mass of contaminant removed, provide a basis for determining historical rates of loss and dredging-related recontamination. It was thought that dredging projects that have been completed or are currently in progress can provide practical information on resuspension issues. Information on water quality data, equipment used, monitoring techniques, etc. from these projects will give insight as how to develop the performance standards. For the resuspension standard, water column monitoring results available from other sites were used to complete an analysis of the case study data. The process used to gather relevant information from dredging sites and the information obtained are included herein. It is also important to review all information that exists for the Hudson River. Available data was used to assess the existing variability in the Hudson River water quality, and can be used to estimate the water column quality during and resulting from the dredging operation. Descriptions of the data sets available to perform this analysis are provided herein. 2. Case Studies Objective and Overview During completion of the Hudson River Feasibility Study (FS) and the associated Responsiveness Summary (RS), the GE dredging database, the USEPA website, and other online sources were investigated to identify dredging projects that were relevant and similar to that proposed for the Hudson River in size and complexity. The USEPA and State agencies were contacted to gather information for each dredging project.
    [Show full text]
  • NRT Abandoned Vessel Authorities and Best Practices Guidance 2020
    ABANDONED VESSEL AUTHORITIES AND BEST PRACTICES GUIDANCE 2020 UPDATE VERSION 10 This page intentionally left blank ii ABANDONED VESSEL AUTHORITIES AND BEST PRACTICES GUIDANCE Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... vi How to Use This Guidance ....................................................................................................................... vii Section 1.0 Definition of Terms .................................................................................................................. 1 Section 2.0 Background and Purpose ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Considerations and Assumptions ..................................................................................................... 6 Section 3.0 Initial Assessment .................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • LNG AS SHIP FUEL No 01 2014
    LNG AS SHIP FUEL No 01 2014 THE FUTURE – TODAY LNG READY SERVICE ENGINES FOR GAS-FUELLED SHIPS RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ON BUNKERING GLOBAL LNG SOLUTIONS DNV GL Anzeige Safe Hands MARITIME PUT THE FUTURE OF YOUR FLEET IN SAFE HANDS As your classification partner, our extensive maritime vessels, benefitting your business and the maritime industry expertise, technical knowledge and regulatory foresight as a whole. With DNV GL your fleet is in safe hands. will help to ensure that your fleet meets the demands Can you afford anything else? of the future. Our aim is safety, compliance and optimal operational performance throughout the lifetime of your Learn more at dnvgl.com/maritime 2 LNG AS SHIP FUEL No. 01 2014 EDITORIAL In 2000 the first LNG-fuelled ferry based on DNV GL standards was launched. This ferry has been operating safely and successfully ever since. Over the years that have followed, shipping has seen bunker prices rise sharply and environmental regula- tions tighten, while in the LNG sector there has been a surge in production and deployment of infrastructure. Combined, these trends have set the stage for LNG to emerge as a viable fuel choice on a much larger scale. In 2014 the industry hit a significant milestone with over 120 LNG-fuelled ships in operation or on order worldwide. They range from passenger ferries, Coast Guard ships, containerships and Con-Ro vessels to Dr Gerd-Michael Wuersig tankers and platform supply vessels. The vast majority Business Director LNG-fuelled ships Senior Principal Specialist of these ships is in operation or will be built to DNV Business Development GL class, reflecting the trust our customers have in [email protected] our long involvement in this technology and our continually evolving technical expertise.
    [Show full text]