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The Schengen White List Project Compendium

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The Schengen White List Project Compendium The most important texts from the website www.esiweb.org/whitelistproject June 2011 Supported by ~ Contents ~ About the Schengen White List Project ............................................................... 3 Strict but fair – The Declaration (19 March 2009) .............................................. 6 Stories from the (former) visa ghetto................................................................. 9 ESI viewpoints ................................................................................................. 11 Learning from the Western Balkans experience (January 2011) ..............................11 France backtracking on EU promise to the Balkans? (29 September 2010) ...............17 Visa-free travel for Albania and Bosnia in reach (26 April 2010) ..............................20 Letter to EU officials regarding Albania and Bosnia (26 February 2010) ....................22 Visa-free travel in the Balkans (op-ed 6 Dec. 2009) ...............................................25 Winners, losers and the future of the Balkan ghetto (op-ed 16 July 2009) ................27 Visa-free travel for the Western Balkans – a win-win situation (op-ed 15 June 2009) .30 Proposal for the way forward: letter to EU & member states‟ officials (1 June 2009) ..32 Newsletter 4/2009: ESI White List Visa Project – Exclusive Scorecard of Balkan Progress (22 May 2009) .....................................................................................35 Interview with Ivica Bocevski, Deputy Prime Minister of Macedonia in charge of EU integration, for ESI's White List Project (19 March 2009) ........................................37 ESI Assessments .............................................................................................. 41 ESI Scorecard – overview of all countries (22 May 2009) .......................................41 Grade report Macedonia (based on May 2009 assessment) .....................................45 Grade report Montenegro (based on May 2009 assessment) ...................................46 Grade report Serbia (based on May 2009 assessment) ...........................................47 Grade report Bosnia & Herzegovina: Comparison May/September 2009 ...................48 Grade report Albania: Comparison May/November 2009 ........................................50 Bosnia and Herzegovina's rapid advancement (September 2009) ............................52 Scorecard April 2010 – Schengen White List Conditions .........................................53 The final sprint: Albania's and Bosnia's progress in reaching the remaining open benchmarks (9 August 2010)..............................................................................57 The road to visa-free travel for five Western Balkans countries ....................... 58 The visa facilitation and readmission agreements ..................................................58 The visa roadmaps ............................................................................................61 Example: roadmap for Serbia ..........................................................................63 The readiness reports of the Western Balkans governments ...................................70 Progress assessments by the European Commission ..............................................73 The Commission proposal for visa-free travel (15 July 2009) ..................................76 The opinion of the European Parliament (12 November 2009) .................................77 The Council decision giving Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia visa-free travel (30 November 2009) ...............................................................................................79 The Commission's visa proposal for Albania and Bosnia (27 May 2010) ....................81 The European Parliament on Albania and Bosnia ...................................................83 The Council decision giving Albania and Bosnia visa-free travel (8 November 2010) ..86 Glossary: Visa Roadmap A to Z .................................................................. 88 The EU decision-making process .................................................................... 102 Chronology ..................................................................................................... 126 Recommended reading and watching ............................................................. 130 A roadmap for Kosovo .................................................................................... 133 About visa and Kosovo ..................................................................................... 133 ESI Discussion paper: Isolation confirmed. How the EU is undermining its interests in Kosovo .......................................................................................................... 135 A Visa Roadmap for Kosovo! Open Letter (20 July 2009) ...................................... 154 ESI in the press .............................................................................................. 156 2 About the Schengen White List Project (20 March 2009, updated 15 June 2011) About the Schengen White List Project As far back as 2003, the EU pledged to begin discussions with the governments of the Western Balkans on the reforms necessary to lift the visa requirement for entering the Schengen area. This obligation was imposed on the region in the 1990s when war ravaged former Yugoslavia and when Albania was mired in chaos. It took five long years for the promised discussions to begin. In the meantime, Macedonia became an official candidate for EU membership, while Albania's, Bosnia and Herzegovina's, Montenegro's and Serbia's "potential candidate" status was repeatedly underlined. Their citizens, however, continued having to obtain a visa to visit the EU. Applying for a Schengen visa is time-consuming, costly and stressful. People throughout the region perceived the visa requirement as personal rejection, unable to reconcile it with the offer of a future in the EU. This is vividly illustrated by the stories from the (former) "Balkan ghetto". Pro-EU reformers felt discriminated against; businesspeople despaired over the limitations that the visa obligation imposes on their companies' growth potential; young people felt imprisoned. In 2008, the EU at last formulated a series of demanding requirements, assigning concrete "visa roadmaps" for each country – visa-free travel being the reward for meeting these benchmarks.The goal of ESI's Schengen White List Project has been to contribute to the abolition of the visa restrictions for the Western Balkans on the basis of this approach. We wanted to make sure that the EU-led process was merit-based: strict but fair. This was the key message of the declaration made by the Schengen White List Project advisory board, chaired by former Italian Prime Minister Giuliano Amato, and by ESI. This required that the process be transparent. The citizens of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia had to know what had been asked of their governments in order to hold them accountable for progress (or lack thereof). The European public deserved to know about the far-reaching reforms that the countries were undertaking in order to keep the EU safe and to prevent illegal migration, organised crime and terrorism. The process itself becomes more credible and resistant to manipulation when it is transparent. For this reason, ESI collected all relevant documents and put them online. They include the roadmaps, reports on activities and achievements sent by Western Balkan governments to the European Commission, and the Commission's assessments. We want to thank the many officials in the EU member states, the EU institutions and in the Balkan region who shared our belief that everybody gains from transparency. Transparency gets results: it has helped produce a Balkans better integrated into the EU and more capable of fighting crime and illegal migration. Our efforts have paid off. The visa barrier for the citizens of Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia was lifted on 19 December 2009. The citizens of Albania and Bosnia have been able to travel without a visa to the EU since 15 December 2010. However, there is still one Western Balkan country that neither enjoys visa-free travel, nor has received a visa liberalisation process as of June 2011: Kosovo. ESI demands that Kosovo is treated like the other Western Balkan countries and is given a roadmap towards visa liberalisation (see “Kosovo – the Balkan Ghetto”). 3 In the meantime, another problem has emerged: following visa liberalisation for the first three Western Balkan countries at the end of 2009, the number of asylum seekers from Serbia and Macedonia has increased in three EU member states. ESI has analysed the reaction of the EU and developed recommendations what the EU can do to prevent this problem (see "Visa-free travel and Asylum”). On this site, you can find many texts that document and illustrate the Western Balkans‟ “road to visa-free travel”. You can also find excerpts from all the relevant EU policy documents and a chronology as tools for future research. Finally, we included a detailed description of the EU legislative process that is necessary for any country to enter the Schengen White List. While continuing to work on Kosovo and the asylum issue, ESI‟s attention is also turning to Turkey (see "Turkey-the European promise") and Moldova and Ukraine (see "The EU´s Eastern partners- the vision"). Over the coming months, ESI‟s website on Europe‟s
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