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Student Movements: 1968, 1981 and 1997 the Impact Of
Student Movements: 1968, 1981 and 1997 The impact of students in mobilizing society to chant for the Republic of Kosovo Atdhe Hetemi Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of East European Languages and Cultures Supervisor Prof. dr. Rozita Dimova Department of East European Languages and Cultures Dean Prof. dr. Gita Deneckere Rector Prof. dr. Rik Van de Walle October 2019 i English Summary This dissertation examines the motives and central visions of three student demonstrations, each taking place within different historical and political contexts and each organized by a different generation of Kosovo Albanian students. The years 1968, 1981 and 1997 witnessed a proliferation of student mobilizations as collective responses demanding more national rights for Albanians in Kosovo. I argue that the students' main vision in all three movements was the political independence of Kosovo. Given the complexity of the students' goal, my analysis focuses on the influence and reactions of domestic and foreign powers vis-à-vis the University of Prishtina (hereafter UP), the students and their movements. Fueled by their desire for freedom from Serbian hegemony, the students played a central role in "preserving" and passing from one generation to the next the vision of "Republic" status for Kosovo. Kosova Republikë or the Republic of Kosovo (hereafter RK) status was a demand of all three student demonstrations, but the students' impact on state creation has generally been underestimated by politicians and public figures. Thus, the primary purpose of this study is to unearth the various and hitherto unknown or hidden roles of higher education – then the UP – and its students in shaping Kosovo's recent history. -
Il Dibattito Intellettuale E Politico in Albania Tra Le Due Guerre Mondiali
Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Dottorato di ricerca in Storia sociale europea dal Medioevo all'età contemporanea Ciclo: XXIV Anno di discussione: 2013 Il dibattito intellettuale e politico in Albania tra le due guerre mondiali Mehdi Frashëri tra "i vecchi" e "i giovani" Settore scientifico disciplinare di afferenza: M-STO/04 Tesi di Dottorato di Redi Halimi, matricola 955643 Coordinatore del Dottorato Tutore del Dottorando Prof. Mario Infelise Prof. Alberto Masoero 1 2 Indice Introduzione p. 5 Tavola delle abbreviazioni 21 Capitolo 1 Mehdi Frashëri e l'Albania 1870-1939 23 1.1 La fine dell'impero 23 1.2 Riforme, conflitti, rivoluzioni 30 1.3 Evoluzione economica e trasformazioni sociali 32 1.4 Dall'indipendenza alla fine della Grande Guerra 38 1.5 La lotta per il potere e la dittatura di Zog 44 Capitolo 2 Stampa, società e correnti culturali 51 2.1 La stampa albanese tra le due guerre mondiali 54 2.2 Un quotidiano filo-italiano a Tirana? 60 2.3 La stampa e le appartenenze sociali 71 2.4 Correnti culturali e politiche 75 2.5 Circolazioni di uomini e di idee 85 Capitolo 3 La questione economica: Banca d'Albania e riforma agraria 91 3.1 Il rapporto Calmés 94 3.2 La Banca Nazionale 100 3.2 La riforma agraria 104 3.3 Il ruolo di Mehdi Frashëri 114 3.4 Il dibattito sulla riforma agraria 119 3.5 Il pensiero di Frashëri sulle cause dell'arretratezza 125 3 Capitolo 4 Religione e Istruzione: riforme, resistenze e discussioni 131 4.1 Le comunità religiose tra le due guerre mondiali 134 4.1.1 I musulmani 135 4.1.2 Gli ortodossi 137 4.1.3 I cattolici 140 -
Nstitucionalizimi I
Public administration in Albania from 1920-1945 UNIVERSITY “LUIGJ GURAKUQI”, SHKODËR FACULTY OF EDUCATION Marjana Lako Ministry of Education and Science [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract The Albanian public administration has been subject to a deep and thorough restructuring. This process has taken place in a lot of other ex-communist countries too. Contemporary reforms where this administration has been involved display as an important key element the application of the performance evaluation system. The study presents the public administration from a historical point of view, the period from 1920-1945. During this historical period Albania underwent transformations in the governing system, changes which had their reflection even in the functioning and management of the state administration. This study aims to scrutinize the performance evaluation system of the state administration from 1920 to 1945, by examining the problem not only through the social and historical point of view, but also from the institutional and managerial point of view related with other aspects of managing the administration, such as: recruitment, promotion, career etc. The study proves that the performance evaluation system of the Albanian state administration, which has been treated from two viewpoints interrelated with each other, has been effective for the creation of a professional administration considering the present conditions of the country. This system treated evaluation in regard to motivation, bonus, promotion, career etc. The system had also its faults which were the result of the policies and development of the time. The data for the study were gathered by different sources including interviews, documents and observations. -
Dissertation-Full Final Rackham Edit
APPENDIX A Maps Map 1. Clan regions in northern Albania in the early twentieth century (Source: Doja 1999). 354 Map 2. Geographical distribution of timar, çiftlik, and self-governing regions in the western Balkans, c. 1790 – c. 1870 (Source: Mile 1984). 355 Map 3. Map of Albania showing troop movements during major German offensive against communist partisans in the winter of 1943. Troop activities on map indicate heavy partisan concentrations in the lowlands of central and southern Albania and their near total absence in the northern highland region (Source: Buda and Frashëri 1985). 356 APPENDIX B Sample of Besa Agreement Between National Government and Highland Peasants on Terms of Law and Political Rule Sample of besa document establishing the terms of rule of the Albanian national government in the highland region of Mat in 1919 (Source: CSAA, Fund 152, Dossier 1 [1919]). In order to secure our beloved homeland Albania, to secure peace and to increase the love and fraternity between each other, those of us who have gathered in Mat have agreed to commit to a general Besa, becoming subject to all the orders of the government in accordance with its laws. 1) We are all brothers and have as our goal the best for our homeland. 2) We recognize the government and are bound by our will and our soul to all the commands it issues. 3) Every Albanian, whatever his issue or trouble, shall demand his rights from the government. 4) Murder and the seeking of blood by one Albanian against another is banned for one year. -
LE ISTITUZIONI EDUCATIVE in ALBANIA DAL 1878 AL 1913 Il Ruolo Della Manualistica Scolastica Nella Formazione Dell’Identità Nazionale Albanese
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Macerata 1 UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MACERATA DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE DELL’ EDUCAZIONE E DELLA FORMAZIONE, DEI BENI CULTURALI E DEL TURISMO CORSO DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN HUMAN SCIENCE CICLO XXVI TITOLO DELLA TESI LE ISTITUZIONI EDUCATIVE IN ALBANIA DAL 1878 AL 1913 Il ruolo della manualistica scolastica nella formazione dell’identità nazionale albanese RELATORE DOTTORANDO Chiar.ma Prof.ssa Dorena Caroli Dott.ssa Esmeralda Hoti Dani COORDINATORE Chiar.ma Prof.ssa Anna Ascenzi ANNO 2014 2 Indice Introduzione .......................................................................................................................................... 3 I. Le istituzioni educative dal 1878-1886 ........................................................................................... 12 1.1. Il contesto storico........................................................................................................................... 12 1.2. Uno sguardo sulla società tradizionale albanese .......................................................................... 20 1.3. La Lega di Prizren e la nascita delle istituzioni scolastiche in lingua madre ............................... 31 1.4. L‟organizzazione dell‟istruzione nell‟Impero ottomano ................................................................ 49 1.5. L‟organizzazione dell‟istruzione in Albania ................................................................................. -
Annual Public Funding Report 2019
Qeveria e Kosovës Vlada Kosova - Government of Kosovo Qeveria - Vlada - Government ANNUAL REPORT ON PUBLIC FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR NON GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS IN REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO FOR YEAR 2019 Address: Tel.: E-mail: Government building +383 (0) 38 200 14 070 [email protected] Office of the Prime Minister Office for Good Governance http://zqm.rks-gov.net Floor 6 Nr. 602 APRIL 2020 1 TABEL OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................................... 3 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................3 1.1 Methodology Used ....................................................................... .............................................5 2. GENERAL REPORTING DATA BY THE BUDGETARY ORGANIZATIONS ............................................ 8 2.1 Reporting by the Budgetary Organizations .................................................................................. 8 2.2 Data on the Reporting by Each Budgetary Organization ................................................................ 9 3. GENERAL DATA ON THE PUBLIC FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE NGOs AT THE MINISTRY, MUNICIPALITY AND OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCY LEVEL ............................................................... 13 4. DATA ON THE PUBLIC FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE NGOs BY MINISTRIES, MUNICIPALITIES AND OTHER AGENCIES ....................................................................................................................... -
Ja Pse Zyrtari I DASH Refuzoi Metën, Amerikanët Nuk I Takojnë Personat “Non Grata” Dhe Nën Akuzë, Presidenti S’I Shpëton Dot Ndëshkimit
Rr.Sitki Çiço përballë Maternitetit të Ri, Tel: 067 60 00 172, E-mail: [email protected] Zbardhet dokumenti, reforma Ç ë m k imi 20 le zgjedhore mbyllet brenda 28 nëntorit, PS nuk tërhiqet Faqe 4 E Diel 8 Shtator 2019 nga propozimi që fundos LSI Skandali me Kajmakun, PD ankohet te ndërkombëtarët Spartak Ngjela: Ja pse zyrtari i DASH dhe i kërkon sqarime Arta Markut, kryebashkiaku shet refuzoi Metën, amerikanët nuk i takojnë aksionet e kompanisë Vijon të vishet me mister çështja e kryebash- kiakut të Vorës, Agim Kajmakut. Edhe pse janë disa javë nga denoncimi i Partisë Demokratike, personat “non grata” dhe nën akuzë, prokuroria ende nuk ka administruar shenjat e gishtave. Për këtë arsye selia blu është vënë sërish në lëvizje, ku përmes një letre... Faqe 6 presidenti s’i shpëton dot ndëshkimit Zbardhen emrat, ja kush janë Faqe 3 këshilltarët bashkiakë që po verifikohen për lidhjet me krimin, në skaner dhe një deputet i opozitës Pas zgjedhjeve vendore të 30 qershorit, kanë dalë shumë fakte që vërtetojnë se personat që janë në institucionet shtetërore kanë shkelur ligjin e dekriminalizimit. Pas rastit të kryebashkiakut të Vorës, Agim Kajmaku dhe kandidatit socialist për Shkodrën, Valdrin Pjetri, të inkriminuarit kanë depërtuar edhe në këshillat bashkiakë... Faqe 7 HENRI MOJA: Basketbolli shqiptar po “ringjallet”, e mrekullueshme që po mbushen sallat e sportit Basketbolli u trondit pak ditë më parë nga një përplasje midis Federatës Shqiptare të Basketbollit dhe Bashkisë së Tiranës, pasi Agjencia e Rekrea- cionit dhe Parqeve e bashkisë nuk lejoi të stërvitej në Parkun Olimpik ekipin kombëtar të basketbol- lit, duke shkaktuar një precedent.. -
Study: Mapping Fake News and Disinformation in the Western
STUDY Requested by the AFET committee Mapping Fake News and Disinformation in the Western Balkans and Identifying Ways to Effectively Counter Them Policy Department for External Relations Directorate General for External Policies of the Union EN PE 653.621 - February 2021 DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR EXTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT STUDY Mapping Fake News and Disinformation in the Western Balkans and Identifying Ways to Effectively Counter Them ABSTRACT Disinformation is an endemic and ubiquitous part of politics throughout the Western Balkans, without exception. A mapping of the disinformation and counter-disinformation landscapes in the region in the period from 2018 through 2020 reveals three key disinformation challenges: external challenges to EU credibility; disinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic; and the impact of disinformation on elections and referenda. While foreign actors feature prominently – chiefly Russia, but also China, Turkey, and other countries in and near the region – the bulk of disinformation in the Western Balkans is produced and disseminated by domestic actors for domestic purposes. Further, disinformation (and information disorder more broadly) is a symptom of social and political disorder, rather than the cause. As a result, the European Union should focus on the role that it can play in bolstering the quality of democracy and governance in the Western Balkans, as the most powerful potential bulwark against disinformation. EP/EXPO/AFET/FWC/2019-01/Lot1/R/01 EN February 2021 - PE 653.621 © European Union, -
Industrializing Albania During Communism Case Study
INDUSTRIALIZING ALBANIA DURING COMMUNISM CASE STUDY: ELBASAN 1960-1991 By: Rozeta Bici Submitted to: Central European University History Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor: Constantin Iordachi Second Reader: Jacek Kochanowicz CEU eTD Collection }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Budapest, Hungary 2007 CEU eTD Collection i Statement of Copyright “Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author.” CEU eTD Collection i Abstract The communist regimes in various regions of the world have been subject to intense academic interest. To date, scholarly research has nevertheless focused mostly on political aspect, pointing out the lack of civil rights and liberties under communist totalitarian systems. The same case is valid for the study of communism in Albania, as well. A majority of the works on the history of the communist regime in Albania either glorify the regime if they are products of that period, or blame it for its obvious negative sides, if these works have been written after the regime’s collapse. In an effort to overcome this dichotomy, the current thesis focuses on economic history, especially on the industrialization aspect I argue that the Albanian economy underwent a total transformation under communism, especially by switching its profile from an agricultural country into an industrial one, by emulating the Soviet models of industrialization. -
Storia Conomica Albanese
Temi e questioni di storia economica dell’Albania dalla dominazione ottomana al crollo del comunismo. Una rassegna bibliografica. I – Introduzione. Questo lavoro ha l’intento di proporre una prima bibliografia ragionata degli studi in lingua italiana, francese e inglese che ci possano aiutare a tracciare dei lineamenti di storia economica dell’Albania in Età Moderna e Contemporanea. A partire quindi dalla vigilia dell’inizio della dominazione ottomana del paese, nel XV secolo, fino alla caduta del regime comunista albanese nei primi anni ’90 del secolo scorso. L’Albania ha una storia travagliata: è passata dallo status di periferia occidentale dell’Impero Ottomano, durato fino al 1912, all’essere uno degli avamposti per gli investimenti economici in oriente dell’Europa, fino alla situazione di totale chiusura verso l’esterno durante gli anni del regime di Enver Hoxha. Questo carattere “periferico”, insieme con la morfologia montagnosa e impervia del territorio e con i caratteri antichi della popolazione autoctona, ha connotato l’Albania come una nazione continuamente isolata e marginalizzata, una terra di confine che ha suscitato nella comunità scientifica molte curiosità e diversi studi di tipo storico- antropologico. Gli albanesi stessi, per varie motivazioni storiche, sono un popolo da sempre votato all’emigrazione: un fenomeno che, come vedremo, è stato soltanto temporaneamente sospeso dal regime comunista e che è drammaticamente tornato agli onori delle cronache a partire dagli anni Novanta dello scorso secolo. Solo in questi ultimi anni l’Albania si apre nuovamente all’esterno in una maniera spesso affannosa e ricca di contraddizioni. Questo processo 1 disordinato è conseguente alla spinta di un popolo che per cinquant’anni è stato costretto a guardare ad un orizzonte che aveva nello stesso Mare Adriatico una barriera invalicabile. -
Dissertation-Full Final Rackham Edit
STATE, LAW, AND REVOLUTION: AGRARIAN POWER AND THE NATIONAL STATE IN ALBANIA, 1850-1945 by Besnik Pula A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in the University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor George P. Steinmetz, Chair Professor Howard A. Kimeldorf Professor Margaret R. Somers Professor Ronald Grigor Suny Professor Michael D. Kennedy, Brown University © Besnik Pula 2011 DEDICATION To my wife, Shpresa. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As I ponder all the individuals that have had a role in making this dissertation see the light of day, I realize how difficult it is to properly recount the numerous ways and uncountable acts, large and small, with which others have shaped, supported, and directly or indirectly helped me arrive at this finished product. I was extremely fortunate to have had a group of exceptional historical social scientists as members of my committee, whose support carried me from my early days as a graduate student at Michigan through the years of research and writing of this dissertation. All these individuals have made tremendous efforts in giving me the best training a rookie graduate student in sociology can get. I can only hope to live up to the high standards they have set. My principal advisor, George Steinmetz, has played an enormous intellectual and mentoring role not only during the research and writing of this dissertation, but during my entire graduate career. George was patient enough to stick with me as I scrapped my original dissertation topic to end up working on the one here. -
BASHA: HETIM KRIMEVE. RAMA: VOTE NE DATE 30 Lista Me Të Afërmit E 300 Të Dënuarve Kryetari I PD: Vangjush Dako I Dha Avdylajve 4 Leje Ndërtimi
Kryeredaktor: Erl MURATI Zv/kryeredaktore - Rezarta DELISULA Tel:(04)2359-104, Fax:(04) 2359-116 E-mail:[email protected] Viti XXVI - Nr. 7922 E diel 23 Qershor 2019 Çmimi, 50 lekë (1.5 euro) Opinioni Opinioni i Ditës Nga FATOS ÇOÇOLI i Ditës Nga BERND RIEGERT ërgjimet e fundit të botuara nga rapë? Të vjen të bërtasësh, të Pgazeta e mirënjohur gjermane Çunat problematikë Ptundësh kokën, të ngresh duart Samit i të pashpresëve “Bild” hedhin dritë mbi anën e errët lart me dëshpërim për paaftësinë kaq të “hënës” zgjedhore tek ne. Pra, të ashiqare të 28 krerëve të shteteve dhe dhe të paaftëve për vendime të gjitha ... Vijon në faqen 21 qeverive të BE ... Vijon në faqen 22 KRYEMINISTRI: NUK TERHIQEMI. E DIELA TJETER DO JETE DITE NORMALE BASHA: HETIM KRIMEVE. RAMA: VOTE NE DATE 30 Lista me të afërmit e 300 të dënuarve Kryetari i PD: Vangjush Dako i dha Avdylajve 4 leje ndërtimi. Rama pritet me protesta në Sarandë. Veliaj: Votojmë ata që ndërtojnë, jo djegin “30 QERSHORI” Ish-të përndjekurit, Meta i dërgon kësti i tretë për letër Kuvendit: Dekreti, shmanga konfliktin civil 800 trashëgimtarë, Në faqen 4 TENSION NE GJYQ MES TYRE, BIRRA “KORÇA” emrat e përfituesve Përplasjet në KZAZ Ata që marrin paratë duhet të dorëzojnë e Burrelit e Klosit, certifi katën dhe numrin e llogarisë bankare 2 protestues në burg, Ministria e Financave ka publikuar emrat e trashëgimta-rëve 4 në arrest shtëpie të ish-të përndjekurve politikë që do të dëmshpërblehen. Në faqen 8 Janë në total 800 përfi tues të rinj në kategorinë e trashëgim- tarëve, fëmijë dhe nipër të ish-të dënuarve politikë, të cilëve u RREGULLORJA E AMF kërkohet të dorëzojnë në Drejtorinë e Përfi timeve certifi katë personale dhe numër të ri të llogarisë bankare.