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Eesti Muusika- Ja Teatriakadeemia Eesti Muusika- ja Teatriakadeemia Marie-Helen Aavakivi Professor Johannes Paulseni viiuliõpilaste repertuaar ja esitusstiil 1930. aastatel Eestis Töö doktorikraadi taotlemiseks Juhendaja: prof Kristel Pappel Tallinn 2019 Abstrakt Uurimistöö „Professor Johannes Paulseni viiuliõpilaste repertuaar ja esitusstiil 1930. aastatel Eestis“ (The repertoire and performance style of professor Johannes Paulsen’s violin students in the 1930s Estonia) on osa loomingulis-uurimuslikust doktoriprojektist, mille juurde kuulub ka käesoleva töö autori loominguline tegevus samal perioodil kirjutatud Eesti heliloojate teoste interpreteerimisel. Eesti viiulikoolkonna rajamisel 1920. ja 1930. aastatel oli arvestatav panus professor Johannes Paulsenil (1879–1945), kes õpetas Tallinna konservatooriumis 1919–1939. Tema õpilaste hulka kuulusid teiste seas Vladimir Alumäe, Zelia Aumere-Uhke, Carmen Prii-Berendsen, Hubert Aumere ja Evi Liivak. Paulseni silmapaistvamad õpilased osalesid 1930. aastatel ka rahvusvahelistel viiulikonkurssidel: 1932. aastal Viinis, 1935. aastal Varssavis ja 1937. aastal Brüsselis. Töös uuritakse, milline oli Paulseni õpilaste repertuaar ajavahemikus 1930‒1940 ning mis iseloomustas nende mängustiili. Peamised allikad on säilinud helisalvestised, kontserdikavad ja kontserdiarvustused, mida analüüsitakse ning selle põhjal tehakse laiemaid järeldusi ja üldistusi. Töö eesmärk on näidata Eesti viiulimängukoolkonna kujunemist seoses rahvusvahelise taustaga. 2 Sisukord Abstrakt ................................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Sissejuhatus ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Teema iseloomustus. Töö eesmärk ja meetodid ............................................................................................ 4 1.2 Uurimisseis ja kirjandus. Allikad .................................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Viiuliõpetuses valitsenud suunad 20. sajandi esimestel aastakümnetel ...................................................... 11 1.4 Eesti professionaalse keelpilliõpetuse algus 1919. aastal Tallinnas ............................................................ 15 1.5 Professor Johannes Paulsen ......................................................................................................................... 16 2. Professor Johannes Paulseni viiuliklassist 1930. aastatel .................................................................................. 23 2.1. Professor Johannes Paulsen pedagoogina .................................................................................................. 23 2.2 Professor Johannes Paulseni tuntumad õpilased ja nende repertuaar 1930‒1940 ....................................... 29 2.2.1 Vladimir Alumäe .................................................................................................................................. 29 2.2.2 Zelia Aumere-Uhke .............................................................................................................................. 33 2.2.3 Carmen Prii-Berendsen ........................................................................................................................ 35 2.2.4 Hubert Aumere ..................................................................................................................................... 37 2.2.5 Evi Liivak ............................................................................................................................................. 41 2.3. Eesti viiuldajate osavõtt rahvusvahelistest konkurssidest. Enesetäiendamine Euroopas .......................... 44 3. Esitusstiilist 20. sajandi alguses ja 1930. aastatel.............................................................................................. 50 3.1 Eesti viiuldajate esitusstiili näiteid .............................................................................................................. 52 3.1.1 Vladimir Alumäe. Artur Lemba „Armastuse poeem” .......................................................................... 52 3.1.2. Zelia Aumere-Uhke. Niccolò Paganini viiulikontsert nr 1, 1. osa ....................................................... 62 3.1.3. Carmen Prii-Berendsen. Artur Kapp „Viimne piht“ ........................................................................... 71 3.2. Kokkuvõte .................................................................................................................................................. 78 4. Professor Johannes Paulseni õpilased 1930. aastate kontserdiarvustustes ........................................................ 79 5. Kokkuvõte ......................................................................................................................................................... 85 Allikad................................................................................................................................................................... 92 Kirjandus ............................................................................................................................................................. 102 Summary ............................................................................................................................................................. 108 Lisad .................................................................................................................................................................... 115 Lisa 1. Johannes Paulseni kontserdid interpreedina ........................................................................................ 115 Lisa 2. Johannes Paulseni kontserdid dirigendina ........................................................................................... 117 Lisa 3. Vladimir Alumäe repertuaaritabel ....................................................................................................... 122 Lisa 4. Zelia Aumere-Uhke repertuaaritabel ................................................................................................... 124 Lisa 5. Carmen Prii-Berendseni repertuaaritabel ............................................................................................ 126 Lisa 6. Hubert Aumere repertuaaritabel .......................................................................................................... 128 Lisa 7. Evi Liivaku repertuaaritabel ................................................................................................................ 130 Lisa 8. Vladimir Alumäe seni teadmata kontserdid aastatel 1935‒1938 TMM-is .......................................... 132 Lisa 9. Noodinäidete nimekiri ......................................................................................................................... 133 Lisa 10. Helinäidete nimekiri .......................................................................................................................... 134 3 1. Sissejuhatus Eesti viiulimängu ajaloos on pedagooge ja interpreete, kes andsid oma töö, oskuste ja kontserditegevusega Eesti viiulimängu arengusse arvestatava panuse. Üks nendest on Johannes Karl Paulsen (1879–1945). Tal oli otsustav roll eesti professionaalse viiulimängu koolkonna rajamisel. Hoolimata sellest, et Eesti professionaalne viiulimängu koolkond oli veel kujunemisjärgus, oli see pedagoogide ja interpreetide kaudu ühenduses mujal maailmas toimuvate arengutega. Mõistes paremini Eesti viiulimängu ajaloos valitsenud kunstilisi ja interpretatsioonilisi kaalutlusi, saame täielikumalt ning süvitsi tunnetada uusi tekkivaid jõujooni ja interpretatsioonilisi suundumusi, mis kujundavad tänapäeva viiulimängu ning ühtlasi seavad suunad tuleviku esituskunstile. 1.1 Teema iseloomustus. Töö eesmärk ja meetodid Minu doktoritöö teema on „Professor Johannes Paulseni viiuliõpilaste repertuaar ja esitusstiil 1930. aastatel Eestis“. Uurin, milline oli prof Paulseni õpilaste repertuaar ajavahemikus 1930– 1940 ning mis iseloomustas nende mängustiili. Töös keskendun Vladimir Alumäe, Zelia Aumere-Uhke, Carmen Prii-Berendseni, Hubert Aumere ja Evi Liivaku repertuaarile. Esitusstiili osas analüüsin Alumäe, Z. Aumere-Uhke ja Prii-Berendseni interpretatsioonistiili. Töö eesmärgiks on näidata Eesti viiulimängukoolkonna kujunemist seoses rahvusvahelise taustaga. Aastatel 1920‒1940 toimus Eestis suuresti tänu instrumendiõpetuse institutsionaliseerimisele – vastandudes eraõppele – hüppeline mängutehniline areng. Huvi pillimängu õppimise vastu oli sel ajal väga suur. Seda näitab muuhulgas 1919. aastal avatud Tallinna Kõrgemasse Muusikakooli kandideerinud õpilaste arv, keda oli ligi pooltuhat. Esitatav repertuaar ning mängustiil olid aga sageli „allpool arvestust“ (Topman 1999: 9). Tänu soliidse haridusega pedagoogide (nagu prof Paulsen) süstemaatilisele tööle tegi Eesti professionaalne keelpillimäng läbi olulise arengu, mida näitavad nii säilinud kavalehed üliõpilaste esinemistest avalikel kontsertidel nõudlike teostega, silmapaistvamate õpilaste edukad osalemised esimestel rahvusvahelistel viiulikonkurssidel (1932 Viin, 1935 Varssavi, 1937 Brüssel) kui ka ajavahemikust 1939–1941 säilinud helisalvestised. 4 Uurimistöös olen ühe meetodina kasutanud andmekogumist arhiividest (õppekavad, kontsertide kavalehed, kontserdiarvustused, ajaloolised salvestised). Uurisin Eesti Riigiarhiivis
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