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Range Extension of Relicina Subabstrusa (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota) in Argentina and Its Distribution Pattern in the Neotropics

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Range Extension of Relicina Subabstrusa (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota) in Argentina and Its Distribution Pattern in the Neotropics 13 5 461 Michlig and Benatti NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 13 (5): 461–466 https://doi.org/10.15560/13.5.461 Range extension of Relicina subabstrusa (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Argentina and its distribution pattern in the Neotropics Andrea Michlig1, 2, Michel Navarro Benatti3 1 Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2131, CC 209, CP 3400, Corrientes, Argentina. 2 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Libertad 5470, CP 3400, Corrientes, Argentina. 3 Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, CEP 04045–972, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Corresponding author: Andrea Michlig, [email protected] Abstract Relicina subabstrusa is known from a few scattered records in the Neotropics. This species lacks any propagules and has a black lower surface and coronate apothecia. This paper extends the known distributional range of R. subabstrusa in Argentina and maps its geographic distribution in the Neotropics. Notes on similar taxa and an updated key for the identification of the Neotropical species of the genus are provided. Key words Parmelioid lichens; norstictic acid; bulbate cilia; coronate apothecia. Academic editor: Meike Piepenbring | Received 10 May 2017 | Accepted 4 July 2017 | Published 22 September 2017 Citation: Michlig M, Benatti MN (2017) Range extension of Relicina subabstrusa (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Argentina and its distribution pattern in the Neotropics. Check List 13 (5): 461–466. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.5.461 Introduction Phylogenetic studies based on molecular data have shown that Relicina belongs to the Parmelia-clade and consti- The parmelioid genus Relicina (Hale & Kurok.) Hale was tutes a monophyletic genus, with Relicinopsis nested erected by Hale (1974) to accommodate species previ- within, being Bulbothrix only distantly related (Crespo ously included in Parmelia subgenus Parmelia section et al. 2010). Thus, bulbate cilia might have evolved inde- Bicornutae series Relicinae Hale & Kurok. (Hale and pendently in both genera (Crespo et al. 2011). Kurokawa 1964, Hale 1974). Its characteristic features Relicina is a tropical to temperate genus with centers include the yellowish green thallus with cortical usnic of species diversity in eastern Asia and Australasia (Elix acid, marginal bulbate cilia, and bifusiform conidia (Hale 1993, Crespo et al. 2010), where there is a high degree 1974, Elix 1993). The bulbate cilia are a distinctive of endemism (Hale 1975, Elix 1991). It is unknown for character in the Parmeliaceae as it is also present only in Europe or central Asia and rarely reported for East Africa Bulbothrix Hale, which is differentiated by having corti- (Elix 1991). There are approximately 56 species known cal atranorin (Elix 1993). Relicinopsis Elix & Verdon is at present (Hale 1974, 1975, Streimann 1986, Elix and a closely related genus which shares with Relicina the Johnston 1986, 1988, 1990, Elix and Nash 1995, Elix cortical usnic acid, but differs by its non-bulbate marginal 1996, 1998, 2007, Noicharoen et al. 2003, Lumbsch et al. cilia and fusiform conidia (Elix 1994, Crespo et al. 2010). 2011), of which 8 are currently known in the Neotropics. Copyright Michlig and Benatti. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits un - restricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Table 1. Records of Relicina subabstrusa from the Neotropics available in literature. Herbaria acronyms are according to Thiers (2017). n/d = no data. 462 Country Department/province/ Locality Latitude Longitude Elevation Voucher Reference state (m) Argentina Formosa province, Laishi 11 route, between Mbiguá and Lindo streams 26°01’30.25” S (*) 58° 29’30.38” W (*) 63 Arbo 2696 (CTES) This work department Brazil Ceará state Floresta Nacional do Chapada do Araripe 07°17’36” S 39°33’67” W n/d Menezes s.n. (ISE) Menezes (2013) Matto Grosso state Santa Anna da Chapada, Bocca da Serra 15°26’ S (*) 55°45’ W (*) n/d Malme s.n. (S, lectotype) Lynge (1914) Serra do Cachimbo, along the Cuiabá-Santarem highway (BR-163) 09°35’ S 55° W n/d n/d Brako et al. (1985) Minas Gerais state Catas Altas, Serra do Caraça, Caraça Natural Park, beginning of the trail to 20°07’0.8” S (*) 43°29’ 37.88” W (*) 1350 Marcelli and Ribeiro 31979 Ribeiro (1998) the Cascatona (SP) Tiradentes, base and ascent of Serra do São Jose, by the sidewalk 21°06’ 27.83” S (*) 44°11’28.71” W (*) 1020 Marcelli et al. 25748 (SP) Ribeiro (1998) Río Grande do Sul state Viamão, Itapoã 30°04’57.56” S (*) 51°01’16.55” W (*) 79 Fleig 1360 (ICN) Fleig (1985) Porto Alegre, Morro Santana 30°03’ S 51°08’ W 300 Fleig 3342 (ICN) Fleig (1990) Guyana Upper Demerara-Berbice near Mabura Hill, between the Essequibo river and the Demerara river, 05°20’ N 58°10’ W n/d Cornelissen and Steege Cornelissen and Steege (1989) region about 180 km SSE of Georgetown s.n. (U) Paraguay n/d n/d 25°27’43.66” S 56°02’24.4” W 348 Balansa s.n. (H) Hale (1975) Venezuela Falcón state San Luis mountain range, surroundings of Piedra de La Campana, 11°01’53.15” N (*) 69°46’34.71” W (*) 1200 López-Figueiras and López-Figueiras (1986) between Carrizalito and Cucaire Wingfield 22378 (MERF) Trujillo state La Cristalina paramo 09°14’40.83” N (*) 70°19’38.71” W (*) 2000–2300 López-Figueiras and Keogh López-Figueiras (1986) 11336B (MERF) Las Piedras de Las Palmas, Carache-Agua de Obispo route 09°44’02.35” N (*) 70°05’25.21” W (*) 2300 López-Figueiras and Hale López-Figueiras (1986) 19538 (MERF) * Georeferenced with Google Earth™ (datum= WGS84). Sipman, endemics the are Among them punctiform, laminal. laminal. punctiform, maculae maculate; weakly thallus, the of center the towards cracks irregular small with continuous, center, at 0.1–0.4 mmlong. tips (Fig.4), with bifurcate to rarely simple short apices, at lobesaxils,withgenerally more concentrated cilia (Fig. 3); cilia with bulbate to crenate, entire margin (Fig. 2),withroundedtosubtruncateapices; imbricate dichotomously toirregularlybranched,1–2.5mmwide, anisotomically lobes sublineartosubirregular, diameter; to substrate(Fig.1),5–6cmin adnate ticolous, tightly Thallus Figures 1‒7 485. UV UV fluorescence, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) by C(KC), K followed (C), and hypochlorite (K), sodium KOH 10% with tests spots with identified were substances 400 and1000 at with objectives made were conidia ascospores and of the Measurements in 5%KOHforexamination. blade andthenmounted byhandwitharazor weresectioned cia andpycnidia Apothe CME). (Leica microscopes and compoundlight MZ6) (Leica was carriedoutusingstandardstereoscopic (CTES). Morphological herbarium Nordeste del Botánica de Instituto the in is preserved it and (Argentina) in Formosaprovince studied wascollected The material Methods pattern intheNeotropicsisdiscussed. anditsbiogeographic species isdescribedandillustrated, found for the first time in the In country. this paper, this Argentina, northeastern from aceae of theParmeli (Gyeln.) Hale.Duringaninvestigation distributed thoparmeliformis Hale, evenly distributed. evenly distributed. (Fig. 6),black, simpletorarelybifurcate rhizines margin; to papillate rhizinate or withoutadarkbrown,shiny, with slightly rugose,continuous, abundantly rhizinate, white. subabstrusa Relicina Results enced withGoogleEarth™. were georefer were available coordinates no geographic for which 1. Localities Table in summarized which are nelissen andSteege1989,Ribeiro1998,Menezes2013) al. 1985,Fleig1990,López-Figueiras1986,Cor 1975, Brakoet 1914, Hale (Lynge in literature available 7.5,basedonrecordsforthespecies Version DIVA-GIS software using the was made map distribution The 2010). with solventCfollowingstandardmethods(Orangeetal. 1974. R. relicinella Lower surface Lower R. eximbricata foliose, yellowish green, coriaceous, cor foliose, yellowishgreen,coriaceous, R. abstrusa Elix & T. H. Nash, and the more widely more the H.Nash,and T. & Elix Upper surface Upper (Nyl.)Hale, Apothecia Isidia black (Fig. 5), shiny, smoothto (Fig. 5),shiny, black (Gyeln.) Hale, (Vain.) Haleand (Vain.) (Gyeln.)Hale, and abundant,plane toslightly lobules R. stipitata × shiny, smoothtorugose shiny, R. colombiana magnification. Lichen R. subabstrusa R. Phytologia 28(5): Phytologia absent. R. subabstrusa Check List13(5) R. incongrua Elix, Medulla Elix & Elix analysis R. xan was - - - - - - Michlig and Benatti | Relicina subabstrusa in Argentina 463 Figures 1–7. Relicina subabstrusa. 1. Thallus. 2. Imbricate lobes. 3. Margin with bulbate cilia. 4. Bulbate cilia with bifurcate apices. 5. Black lower surface. 6. Rhizines. 7. Apothecia with retrorse cilia. Scale bars: 1, 3, 5, 7 = 1 mm; 2 = 2 mm; d, 6 = 0.5 mm. Photos by A. Michlig. concave, 0.5–3 mm in diameter, adnate, laminal, margin Spots reactions: Upper cortex K–, UV–; medulla K+ entire to crenate, coronate; amphithecia with retrorse yellow turning orange, C–, KC–. cilia (Fig. 7), disc imperforate, dark brown, epruinose; ascospores ovoid to ellipsoid, 6–10 × 5–6 μm. Pycnidia TLC: Cortical usnic acid (minor); medullary norstictic abundant, submarginal to laminal, ostiole black; conidia (major), connorstictic (minor to trace) and hyposalazinic bifusiform, (5–) 6–8 μm long. (minor to trace) acids. 464 Check List 13 (5) Figure 8. Geographic distribution of Relicina subabstrusa in the Neotropics based on studied material and literature (Table 1). The red dot corresponds
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