An Evolutionary View of the Taxonomy and Ecology of Inocybe (Agaricales)
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Major Clades of Agaricales: a Multilocus Phylogenetic Overview
Mycologia, 98(6), 2006, pp. 982–995. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview P. Brandon Matheny1 Duur K. Aanen Judd M. Curtis Laboratory of Genetics, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD, Biology Department, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Wageningen, The Netherlands Worcester, Massachusetts, 01610 Matthew DeNitis Vale´rie Hofstetter 127 Harrington Way, Worcester, Massachusetts 01604 Department of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 Graciela M. Daniele Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologı´a Vegetal, M. Catherine Aime CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Co´rdoba, Casilla USDA-ARS, Systematic Botany and Mycology de Correo 495, 5000 Co´rdoba, Argentina Laboratory, Room 304, Building 011A, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350 Dennis E. Desjardin Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Jean-Marc Moncalvo San Francisco, California 94132 Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum and Department of Botany, University Bradley R. Kropp of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C6 Canada Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 Zai-Wei Ge Zhu-Liang Yang Lorelei L. Norvell Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, 6720 NW Skyline Sciences, Kunming 650204, P.R. China Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97229-1309 Jason C. Slot Andrew Parker Biology Department, Clark University, 950 Main Street, 127 Raven Way, Metaline Falls, Washington 99153- Worcester, Massachusetts, 01609 9720 Joseph F. Ammirati Else C. Vellinga University of Washington, Biology Department, Box Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 355325, Seattle, Washington 98195 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102 Timothy J. -
1. Clave Generica Para Los Liquenes Folio- Sos Y Fruticosos De Los Paramos Colombianos
CONTRIBUCION AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LOS LIQUENES DE COLOMBIA - 1. CLAVE GENERICA PARA LOS LIQUENES FOLIO- SOS Y FRUTICOSOS DE LOS PARAMOS COLOMBIANOS Po r HARRIE J. M. SIPMAN 1 Y JAIME AGUIRRE C. 2 INTRODUCCION La presente clave ha sido elaborada para las zonas montafiosas altas de Colombia, arriba de los 3.000 m de altitud (selva andina alta y paramo}. En estas regiones hay una gran variedad y abundancia de maeroliquenes a difereneia de las zonas 0 regiones tropieales donde los mieroliquenes (formas crustaceas] son los mas abundanres, Generalmente los maeroliquenes son eneontrados en estado esteril (sin aseoearpos), por 10 tanto no pueden ser [acilmenre identificados eon el estudio de Zahlbruekner (1926) para los liquenes del mundo. Ademas muehos ge- neros nuevos han sido deseritos desde entonees, prineipalmente por separaei6n de Parmelia. Esto concierne en especial a: Everniastrum, Hypogymnia, Hypo- tracbyna, Parmelina, Parmotrema, Xanthoparmelia, y recientemente Cetra- riastrum (Sipman, 1980). Por estas razones se ha elaborado una clave nueva utilizando principalmente caracteres vegetativos. La clave se basa en observaciones personales de especimenes colombianos de la easi totalidad de los generos induidos; estes se eneuentran deposit ados en COL y U. Se consultaron las refereneias mas importantes relaeionadas con liquenes colombianos (Nylander, 1863; Wainio, 1899) y el indice de tarjetas para 1 Instituut VOOt systernatische plantkunde. Heidelberglaan 2. Postbus 80. 102. 3508 TC Utrecht, Holanda. 2 Instituto de Ciencias Naturales - Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Aparrado Aereo 7495, Bogota, D. E., Colombia. 604 CALDASIA, VOL. XIII, No. 64 la lista de [iquenes colombianos (Hekking &. Sipman en prep.). -
Into One of the Two Major Cora Clades (Lücking Et Al
Fungal Diversity into one of the two major Cora clades (Lücking et al. 2014). A (2013). Both share the strongly appressed, filamentous thallus closer relative of C. barbulata is the terrestrial C. arachnoidea in which the horizontally oriented fibrils are embedded in a J. E. Hern. & Lücking (Fig. 128a–c), which is grey-brown gelatinous matrix that gives the thallus a strong metallic shim- when fresh and uniformly thinly tomentose on the upper sur- mer. While the phylogenetic distance between D. metallicum face (Lücking et al. 2013). Cora barbulata can be distin- and its sister species, D. gomezianum,isconsiderable(Dal- guished from C. aspera mainly by the coarsely crenulate, Forno et al., in prep.), the morphological differences are mi- undulate lobe margins and the different hymenophore, nor: D. metallicum has a thinner thallus with indistinct medul- forming large, irregularly dispersed patches on the underside. la, the cyanobacterial filaments are broader (likely influenced by the fungus which produces a sheath with more distinctly 217. Dictyonema gomezianum Lücking, Dal-Forno & puzzle-shaped cells), and particularly the associated fungal Lawrey, sp. nov. hyphae are thicker (4–6 μm). Inocybaceae Jülich Index Fungorum number: IF551502; Facesoffungi The family Inocybaceae is a monophyletic lineage number: FoF01050; Fig. 131d–f within Agaricales. It is species rich and has a world- Etymology: Dedicated to the late Dr. Luis Diego Gómez, wide distribution. The species are small to medium prominent Costa Rican botanist, naturalist, and conservation- sized with a brown spore deposit, and most species ist and long-time director of Las Cruces Biological Station. form ectomycorrhiza with a broad range of host trees Holotype: R. -
Hans Halbwachs
Hans Halbwachs hat are fungal characteristics Moreover, the variability of spore traits in winter. It has been speculated that good for? Well, for identifying is bewildering (as was discussed by Else this may be a strategy to avoid predators fungi, of course! Field Vellinga in the previous issue of FUNGI). (Halbwachs et al., 2016), though this Wmycologists all over the world are living Size, ornamentation, and pigmentation would imply investment, e.g., into encyclopedias when it comes to fungal occur in all combinations (Fig. 2). These antifreeze substances and producing traits. Even the most subtle differences are the visible characteristics which may relatively small fruit bodies, as in in spore size or cap coloration have their be grouped in (1) morphological (shape, Flammulina velutipes or Hygrophorus place in identifying mushrooms and size) and (2) physiological (pigments, hypothejus. Generally, species fruiting other fungi. Quite many mycologists are taste, smell, toxicity, etc.). A third, more in late autumn seem to have larger intrigued by the endless variations, for mysterious trait, is the phenology of fruit fruit bodies, at least in Cortinarius instance of fruit bodies (Fig. 1). bodies. Some do it in spring, some even (Halbwachs, 2018). Figure 1. Examples of basidiomycete fruit body shapes and colors. From left to right top: Amanita flavoconia (courtesy J. Veitch), Lactarius indigo (courtesy A. Rockefeller), Butyriboletus frostii (courtesy D. Molter); bottom: Calostoma cinnabarinum (courtesy D. Molter), Tricholomopsis decora (courtesy W. Sturgeon), Mycena adonis (courtesy D. Molter). creativecommons. org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. 18 FUNGI Volume 12:1 Spring 2019 Knockin’ on Evolution’s Door Although some ideas are circulating about the functionality of fungal traits, mycologists want to know more about their ecological implications. -
Amanita Muscaria (Fly Agaric)
J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2018; 48: 85–91 | doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2018.119 PAPER Amanita muscaria (fly agaric): from a shamanistic hallucinogen to the search for acetylcholine HistoryMR Lee1, E Dukan2, I Milne3 & Humanities The mushroom Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) is widely distributed Correspondence to: throughout continental Europe and the UK. Its common name suggests MR Lee Abstract that it had been used to kill flies, until superseded by arsenic. The bioactive 112 Polwarth Terrace compounds occurring in the mushroom remained a mystery for long Merchiston periods of time, but eventually four hallucinogens were isolated from the Edinburgh EH11 1NN fungus: muscarine, muscimol, muscazone and ibotenic acid. UK The shamans of Eastern Siberia used the mushroom as an inebriant and a hallucinogen. In 1912, Henry Dale suggested that muscarine (or a closely related substance) was the transmitter at the parasympathetic nerve endings, where it would produce lacrimation, salivation, sweating, bronchoconstriction and increased intestinal motility. He and Otto Loewi eventually isolated the transmitter and showed that it was not muscarine but acetylcholine. The receptor is now known variously as cholinergic or muscarinic. From this basic knowledge, drugs such as pilocarpine (cholinergic) and ipratropium (anticholinergic) have been shown to be of value in glaucoma and diseases of the lungs, respectively. Keywords acetylcholine, atropine, choline, Dale, hyoscine, ipratropium, Loewi, muscarine, pilocarpine, physostigmine Declaration of interests No conflicts of interest declared Introduction recorded by the Swedish-American ethnologist Waldemar Jochelson, who lived with the tribes in the early part of the Amanita muscaria is probably the most easily recognised 20th century. His version of the tale reads as follows: mushroom in the British Isles with its scarlet cap spotted 1 with conical white fl eecy scales. -
H. Thorsten Lumbsch VP, Science & Education the Field Museum 1400
H. Thorsten Lumbsch VP, Science & Education The Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605 USA Tel: 1-312-665-7881 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests Evolution and Systematics of Fungi Biogeography and Diversification Rates of Fungi Species delimitation Diversity of lichen-forming fungi Professional Experience Since 2017 Vice President, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago. USA 2014-2017 Director, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2014 Curator, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2013-2014 Associate Director, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2009-2013 Chair, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2011 MacArthur Associate Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2006-2014 Associate Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2005-2009 Head of Cryptogams, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2004 Member, Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago. Courses: BIOS 430 Evolution (UIC), BIOS 23410 Complex Interactions: Coevolution, Parasites, Mutualists, and Cheaters (U of C) Reading group: Phylogenetic methods. 2003-2006 Assistant Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 1998-2003 Privatdozent (Assistant Professor), Botanical Institute, University – GHS - Essen. Lectures: General Botany, Evolution of lower plants, Photosynthesis, Courses: Cryptogams, Biology -
Amanita Muscaria: Ecology, Chemistry, Myths
Entry Amanita muscaria: Ecology, Chemistry, Myths Quentin Carboué * and Michel Lopez URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Definition: Amanita muscaria is the most emblematic mushroom in the popular representation. It is an ectomycorrhizal fungus endemic to the cold ecosystems of the northern hemisphere. The basidiocarp contains isoxazoles compounds that have specific actions on the central nervous system, including hallucinations. For this reason, it is considered an important entheogenic mushroom in different cultures whose remnants are still visible in some modern-day European traditions. In Siberian civilizations, it has been consumed for religious and recreational purposes for millennia, as it was the only inebriant in this region. Keywords: Amanita muscaria; ibotenic acid; muscimol; muscarine; ethnomycology 1. Introduction Thanks to its peculiar red cap with white spots, Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. is the most iconic mushroom in modern-day popular culture. In many languages, its vernacular names are fly agaric and fly amanita. Indeed, steeped in a bowl of milk, it was used to Citation: Carboué, Q.; Lopez, M. catch flies in houses for centuries in Europe due to its ability to attract and intoxicate flies. Amanita muscaria: Ecology, Chemistry, Although considered poisonous when ingested fresh, this mushroom has been consumed Myths. Encyclopedia 2021, 1, 905–914. as edible in many different places, such as Italy and Mexico [1]. Many traditional recipes https://doi.org/10.3390/ involving boiling the mushroom—the water containing most of the water-soluble toxic encyclopedia1030069 compounds is then discarded—are available. In Japan, the mushroom is dried, soaked in brine for 12 weeks, and rinsed in successive washings before being eaten [2]. -
Biodiversity of Wood-Decay Fungi in Italy
AperTO - Archivio Istituzionale Open Access dell'Università di Torino Biodiversity of wood-decay fungi in Italy This is the author's manuscript Original Citation: Availability: This version is available http://hdl.handle.net/2318/88396 since 2016-10-06T16:54:39Z Published version: DOI:10.1080/11263504.2011.633114 Terms of use: Open Access Anyone can freely access the full text of works made available as "Open Access". Works made available under a Creative Commons license can be used according to the terms and conditions of said license. Use of all other works requires consent of the right holder (author or publisher) if not exempted from copyright protection by the applicable law. (Article begins on next page) 28 September 2021 This is the author's final version of the contribution published as: A. Saitta; A. Bernicchia; S.P. Gorjón; E. Altobelli; V.M. Granito; C. Losi; D. Lunghini; O. Maggi; G. Medardi; F. Padovan; L. Pecoraro; A. Vizzini; A.M. Persiani. Biodiversity of wood-decay fungi in Italy. PLANT BIOSYSTEMS. 145(4) pp: 958-968. DOI: 10.1080/11263504.2011.633114 The publisher's version is available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/11263504.2011.633114 When citing, please refer to the published version. Link to this full text: http://hdl.handle.net/2318/88396 This full text was downloaded from iris - AperTO: https://iris.unito.it/ iris - AperTO University of Turin’s Institutional Research Information System and Open Access Institutional Repository Biodiversity of wood-decay fungi in Italy A. Saitta , A. Bernicchia , S. P. Gorjón , E. -
One Hundred New Species of Lichenized Fungi: a Signature of Undiscovered Global Diversity
Phytotaxa 18: 1–127 (2011) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Monograph PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2011 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) PHYTOTAXA 18 One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity H. THORSTEN LUMBSCH1*, TEUVO AHTI2, SUSANNE ALTERMANN3, GUILLERMO AMO DE PAZ4, ANDRÉ APTROOT5, ULF ARUP6, ALEJANDRINA BÁRCENAS PEÑA7, PAULINA A. BAWINGAN8, MICHEL N. BENATTI9, LUISA BETANCOURT10, CURTIS R. BJÖRK11, KANSRI BOONPRAGOB12, MAARTEN BRAND13, FRANK BUNGARTZ14, MARCELA E. S. CÁCERES15, MEHTMET CANDAN16, JOSÉ LUIS CHAVES17, PHILIPPE CLERC18, RALPH COMMON19, BRIAN J. COPPINS20, ANA CRESPO4, MANUELA DAL-FORNO21, PRADEEP K. DIVAKAR4, MELIZAR V. DUYA22, JOHN A. ELIX23, ARVE ELVEBAKK24, JOHNATHON D. FANKHAUSER25, EDIT FARKAS26, LIDIA ITATÍ FERRARO27, EBERHARD FISCHER28, DAVID J. GALLOWAY29, ESTER GAYA30, MIREIA GIRALT31, TREVOR GOWARD32, MARTIN GRUBE33, JOSEF HAFELLNER33, JESÚS E. HERNÁNDEZ M.34, MARÍA DE LOS ANGELES HERRERA CAMPOS7, KLAUS KALB35, INGVAR KÄRNEFELT6, GINTARAS KANTVILAS36, DOROTHEE KILLMANN28, PAUL KIRIKA37, KERRY KNUDSEN38, HARALD KOMPOSCH39, SERGEY KONDRATYUK40, JAMES D. LAWREY21, ARMIN MANGOLD41, MARCELO P. MARCELLI9, BRUCE MCCUNE42, MARIA INES MESSUTI43, ANDREA MICHLIG27, RICARDO MIRANDA GONZÁLEZ7, BIBIANA MONCADA10, ALIFERETI NAIKATINI44, MATTHEW P. NELSEN1, 45, DAG O. ØVSTEDAL46, ZDENEK PALICE47, KHWANRUAN PAPONG48, SITTIPORN PARNMEN12, SERGIO PÉREZ-ORTEGA4, CHRISTIAN PRINTZEN49, VÍCTOR J. RICO4, EIMY RIVAS PLATA1, 50, JAVIER ROBAYO51, DANIA ROSABAL52, ULRIKE RUPRECHT53, NORIS SALAZAR ALLEN54, LEOPOLDO SANCHO4, LUCIANA SANTOS DE JESUS15, TAMIRES SANTOS VIEIRA15, MATTHIAS SCHULTZ55, MARK R. D. SEAWARD56, EMMANUËL SÉRUSIAUX57, IMKE SCHMITT58, HARRIE J. M. SIPMAN59, MOHAMMAD SOHRABI 2, 60, ULRIK SØCHTING61, MAJBRIT ZEUTHEN SØGAARD61, LAURENS B. SPARRIUS62, ADRIANO SPIELMANN63, TOBY SPRIBILLE33, JUTARAT SUTJARITTURAKAN64, ACHRA THAMMATHAWORN65, ARNE THELL6, GÖRAN THOR66, HOLGER THÜS67, EINAR TIMDAL68, CAMILLE TRUONG18, ROMAN TÜRK69, LOENGRIN UMAÑA TENORIO17, DALIP K. -
Philippine Lichens with Bulbate Cilia – Bulbothrix and Relicina (Parmeliaceae)
Philippine Journal of Science 148 (4): 637-645, December 2019 ISSN 0031 - 7683 Date Received: 21 May 2019 Philippine Lichens with Bulbate Cilia – Bulbothrix and Relicina (Parmeliaceae) Paulina Bawingan1,2*, Mechell Lardizaval1, and John Elix3 1School of Natural Sciences, Saint Louis University, Baguio City 2600 Philippines 2 Biology Department, Tagum Doctors College, Tagum City 8100 Philippines 3Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia This paper presents a taxonomic treatment of Bulbothrix and Relicina lichens (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) collected in the Philippines, two genera characterized by the presence of bulbate cilia. A total of five species of Bulbothrix and fifteen species of Relicina were identified, with one new record for each genus. The Philippines is a major center of diversity for Relicina. Keywords: coronate apothecia, lichenic acid crystals, parmelioid lichen, retrorse cilia, Hale INTRODUCTION black and the rhizines and cilia may be simple, sparsely, or densely branched. Both genera have apothecia that The genera Relicina (Hale & Kurok.) Hale and Bulbothrix may be coronate (with black bulbils adorning the rim of Hale belong to Parmeliaceae, one of the largest families the thalline exciple; Figure 1E) or ecoronate; the discs are of lichenized fungi. Both are segregates of Parmelia Ach. imperforate, ranging from concave to flat and sometimes s. lat. According to Hale (1975, 1976), both genera have even convex. Some species of both genera have retrorse their centers of distribution in tropical regions – in South cilia i.e., having rhizinae in the thalline exciple (Figure America and southern Africa for Bulbothrix and Southeast 1F). The unicellular ascospores can be ovoid, ellipsoid, Asia for Relicina. -
Historical Biogeography and Diversification of the Cosmopolitan Ectomycorrhizal Mushroom Family Inocybaceae
Out of the Palaeotropics? Historical biogeography and diversification of the cosmopolitan ectomycorrhizal mushroom family Inocybaceae P. Brandon Matheny1*, M. Catherine Aime2, Neale L. Bougher3, Bart Buyck4, Dennis E. Desjardin5, Egon Horak6, Bradley R. Kropp7, D. Jean Lodge8, Kasem Soytong9, James M. Trappe10 and David S. Hibbett11 ABSTRACT Aim The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mushroom family Inocybaceae is widespread in north temperate regions, but more than 150 species are encountered in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere. The relative roles of recent and ancient biogeographical processes, relationships with plant hosts, and the timing of divergences that have shaped the current geographic distribution of the family are investigated. location Africa, Australia, Neotropics, New Zealand, north temperate zone, Palaeotropics, Southeast Asia, South America, south temperate zone. Methods We reconstruct a phylogeny of the Inocybaceae with a geological timeline using a relaxed molecular clock. Divergence dates of lineages are estimated statistically to test vicariance-based hypotheses concerning relatedness of disjunct ECM taxa. A series of internal maximum time constraints is used to evaluate two different calibrations. Ancestral state reconstruction is used to infer ancestral areas and ancestral plant partners of the family. Results The Palaeotropics are unique in containing representatives of all major clades of Inocybaceae. Six of the seven major clades diversified initially during the Cretaceous, with subsequent radiations probably during the early Palaeogene. Vicariance patterns cannot be rejected that involve area relationships for Africa- Australia, Africa-India and southern South America-Australia. Northern and southern South America, Australia and New Zealand are primarily the recipients of immigrant taxa during the Palaeogene or later. Angiosperms were the earliest hosts of Inocybaceae. -
A Multigene Phylogenetic Synthesis for the Class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 Fungi Representing 1139 Infrageneric Taxa, 317 Genera and 66 Families
A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families Miadlikowska, J., Kauff, F., Högnabba, F., Oliver, J. C., Molnár, K., Fraker, E., ... & Stenroos, S. (2014). A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 79, 132-168. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.003 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.003 Elsevier Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79 (2014) 132–168 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families ⇑ Jolanta Miadlikowska a, , Frank Kauff b,1, Filip Högnabba c, Jeffrey C. Oliver d,2, Katalin Molnár a,3, Emily Fraker a,4, Ester Gaya a,5, Josef Hafellner e, Valérie Hofstetter a,6, Cécile Gueidan a,7, Mónica A.G. Otálora a,8, Brendan Hodkinson a,9, Martin Kukwa f, Robert Lücking g, Curtis Björk h, Harrie J.M. Sipman i, Ana Rosa Burgaz j, Arne Thell k, Alfredo Passo l, Leena Myllys c, Trevor Goward h, Samantha Fernández-Brime m, Geir Hestmark n, James Lendemer o, H. Thorsten Lumbsch g, Michaela Schmull p, Conrad L. Schoch q, Emmanuël Sérusiaux r, David R. Maddison s, A. Elizabeth Arnold t, François Lutzoni a,10,