THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT

Your use of this Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use.

Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever.

Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM. Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were created or maintained (the “Owner”). Both your use of a linked Web site, and your right to use or reproduce information or materials from a linked Web site, are subject to the terms of use governing that particular Web site. Any comments or inquiries regarding a linked Web site must be directed to its Owner.

Copyright: Canadian and international intellectual property laws protect the Content. Unless otherwise indicated, copyright is held by the Queen’s Printer for Ontario.

It is recommended that reference to the Content be made in the following form: , . ; Ontario Geological Survey, , p.

Use and Reproduction of Content: The Content may be used and reproduced only in accordance with applicable intellectual property laws. Non-commercial use of unsubstantial excerpts of the Content is permitted provided that appropriate credit is given and Crown copyright is acknowledged. Any substantial reproduction of the Content or any commercial use of all or part of the Content is prohibited without the prior written permission of MNDM. Substantial reproduction includes the reproduction of any illustration or figure, such as, but not limited to graphs, charts and maps. Commercial use includes commercial distribution of the Content, the reproduction of multiple copies of the Content for any purpose whether or not commercial, use of the Content in commercial publications, and the creation of value-added products using the Content.

Contact:

FOR FURTHER PLEASE CONTACT: BY TELEPHONE: BY E-MAIL: INFORMATION ON The Reproduction of MNDM Publication Local: (705) 670-5691 Content Services Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext. [email protected] 5691 (inside Canada, United States) The Purchase of MNDM Publication Local: (705) 670-5691 MNDM Publications Sales Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext. [email protected] 5691 (inside Canada, United States) Crown Copyright Queen’s Printer Local: (416) 326-2678 [email protected] Toll Free: 1-800-668-9938 (inside Canada, United States)

LES CONDITIONS CI-DESSOUS RÉGISSENT L'UTILISATION DU PRÉSENT DOCUMENT.

Votre utilisation de ce document de la Commission géologique de l'Ontario (le « contenu ») est régie par les conditions décrites sur cette page (« conditions d'utilisation »). En téléchargeant ce contenu, vous (l'« utilisateur ») signifiez que vous avez accepté d'être lié par les présentes conditions d'utilisation.

Contenu : Ce contenu est offert en l'état comme service public par le ministère du Développement du Nord et des Mines (MDNM) de la province de l'Ontario. Les recommandations et les opinions exprimées dans le contenu sont celles de l'auteur ou des auteurs et ne doivent pas être interprétées comme des énoncés officiels de politique gouvernementale. Vous êtes entièrement responsable de l'utilisation que vous en faites. Le contenu ne constitue pas une source fiable de conseils juridiques et ne peut en aucun cas faire autorité dans votre situation particulière. Les utilisateurs sont tenus de vérifier l'exactitude et l'applicabilité de tout contenu avant de l'utiliser. Le MDNM n'offre aucune garantie expresse ou implicite relativement à la mise à jour, à l'exactitude, à l'intégralité ou à la fiabilité du contenu. Le MDNM ne peut être tenu responsable de tout dommage, quelle qu'en soit la cause, résultant directement ou indirectement de l'utilisation du contenu. Le MDNM n'assume aucune responsabilité légale de quelque nature que ce soit en ce qui a trait au contenu.

Liens vers d'autres sites Web : Ce contenu peut comporter des liens vers des sites Web qui ne sont pas exploités par le MDNM. Certains de ces sites pourraient ne pas être offerts en français. Le MDNM se dégage de toute responsabilité quant à la sûreté, à l'exactitude ou à la disponibilité des sites Web ainsi reliés ou à l'information qu'ils contiennent. La responsabilité des sites Web ainsi reliés, de leur exploitation et de leur contenu incombe à la personne ou à l'entité pour lesquelles ils ont été créés ou sont entretenus (le « propriétaire »). Votre utilisation de ces sites Web ainsi que votre droit d'utiliser ou de reproduire leur contenu sont assujettis aux conditions d'utilisation propres à chacun de ces sites. Tout commentaire ou toute question concernant l'un de ces sites doivent être adressés au propriétaire du site.

Droits d'auteur : Le contenu est protégé par les lois canadiennes et internationales sur la propriété intellectuelle. Sauf indication contraire, les droits d'auteurs appartiennent à l'Imprimeur de la Reine pour l'Ontario. Nous recommandons de faire paraître ainsi toute référence au contenu : nom de famille de l'auteur, initiales, année de publication, titre du document, Commission géologique de l'Ontario, série et numéro de publication, nombre de pages.

Utilisation et reproduction du contenu : Le contenu ne peut être utilisé et reproduit qu'en conformité avec les lois sur la propriété intellectuelle applicables. L'utilisation de courts extraits du contenu à des fins non commerciales est autorisé, à condition de faire une mention de source appropriée reconnaissant les droits d'auteurs de la Couronne. Toute reproduction importante du contenu ou toute utilisation, en tout ou en partie, du contenu à des fins commerciales est interdite sans l'autorisation écrite préalable du MDNM. Une reproduction jugée importante comprend la reproduction de toute illustration ou figure comme les graphiques, les diagrammes, les cartes, etc. L'utilisation commerciale comprend la distribution du contenu à des fins commerciales, la reproduction de copies multiples du contenu à des fins commerciales ou non, l'utilisation du contenu dans des publications commerciales et la création de produits à valeur ajoutée à l'aide du contenu.

Renseignements :

POUR PLUS DE VEUILLEZ VOUS PAR TÉLÉPHONE : PAR COURRIEL : RENSEIGNEMENTS SUR ADRESSER À : la reproduction du Services de Local : (705) 670-5691 contenu publication du MDNM Numéro sans frais : 1 888 415-9845, [email protected] poste 5691 (au Canada et aux États-Unis) l'achat des Vente de publications Local : (705) 670-5691 publications du MDNM du MDNM Numéro sans frais : 1 888 415-9845, [email protected] poste 5691 (au Canada et aux États-Unis) les droits d'auteurs de Imprimeur de la Local : 416 326-2678 [email protected] la Couronne Reine Numéro sans frais : 1 800 668-9938 (au Canada et aux États-Unis)

Ministry Of Hon. James A. C. Auld MARGINAL NOTES © Minister Natural ^ , Preliminary field work was initiated hy J. D. Morion in 1972. Field Dr. J. K. Reynolds reconnaissance and mapping started in May 1978 and was completed by Deputy Minister the end of August, 1978 with R. C. F. King as co-party leader. J. D. Ontario Morton was the consultant throughout the project. Capable assistance was provided throughout the project by D. Gcorgiou, senior assistant, and M. Bolls and M. Mundry. ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Extensive ground probings and analyses of exposed sections were PRELIMINARY MAP P.2292 linked to airphoto interpretation at a scale of 1:36 000 to produce a GFOL.OGICAL SERIES preliminary map at the same scale. This was photo-reduced for final presentation at 1 :50 000 scale on a contoured base-map of the National Topographic Series. QUATERNARY GEOLOGY PHYSIOGRAPHY: The physiography of the map-area is strongly controlled by: ENGLEHART AREA (i) The NNW-SSE-trending Timiskaming Fault system in the SW qua DISTRICT OF TIMISKAMING drant, ^ L Benson Lake (ii) The N-S to NNE-SSW-trending structures of the f/ s metavoicanics block and bordering Round Lake Batholith, in the Scale; 1:50000 north-central section; Mile 1 ? Mile (iii) The Skeleton Creek taasinal structure of Huronian sedimentary St. Anthony rock in the eastern and northeastern quadrant. Metres 1000 l Kilometre An outlier of Lower Paleozoic rocks is downfaulted into the area im Lake mediately south and east of Englehart by the West Shore Fault, to form a low cuesta to the west of the Blanche River. NTS Reference: 31 M/13 The structural control is sufficiently pronounced to allow ready sub ODM-GSC Aeromagnetic Map: 1494G division of the map-area into four distinct regions: (i) A terraced clay tableland with scattered hummocky rock out- OMNR-OGS 1979 croppings to the west and northwest of Englehart; Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given and the mater (ii) The broad plain and intermediate terraces of the valley of the ial is properly referenced. Blanche River and its tributaries; (iii) The gently shelving terraces of limestone subcrop within the loop formed by Creek and Engtehait and Blanche Rivers; (iv) The hilly, rocky uplands to the north and east of the Blanche River Valley. The latter upland totally encloses the elongated bowl-shaped valley of Skeleton Creek which forms a significant subregion completely sur rounded by high arcuate i idges of Precambrian rock. BEDROCK GEOLOGY: The Englehart map-area is underlain by rocks of Precambrian and Paleozoic age. The latter form the northern end of the Timiskaming Outlier and range from Lower to Middle Paleozoic age. RiAN (Unit 1): Three main groups of ancient shield -r"-r- A~M Gftf PACAUD TR CATHARINE ",uwmrj IMW cnwBrg to"ljl V"*u tHiflAbwd*: .^ tu-u, * *P -pjiiJi)- ,© are present in the map-area. The most extensive group in terms of out RATTRAY *. NE* USKIASD crop aieo is composed of Early Precambrian metavoicanics with small CHAMBERLAIN TP MARTER T MULLIGAN outcropb of metasediments such as in Skead Township. These rocks .H*" MAiLfVBIInj, . have been m traded in the area of Pacaud and Chamberlain Townships B.IM" . CoHTOS-rJ^BW.© by felsic intiusive rocks of the Round Lake Batholith, and hy similar ji Early Precambrian plutonic rocks along the Ontario- boundary LOCATION MAP Scale: 1: 1 584 000 in Rattray, Mulligan and Pense Townships. or 1 inch to 25 mile: The Early Precambrian rocks are overlain by bedded Middle Pre cambrian rocks of the Cobalt Group which, with the contained Nipis sing Diabase intrusions, form the Huronian Supergroup. Rocks of the LEGEND Huronian Supergroup occupy almost the entire map-area lying east and south of the -Wendigo Lake lineation, forming the PHANEROZOIC prominent structural basin which contains Skeleton Lake and the CENOZOIC Skeleton Creek Valley. The sedimentary sequence is subdivided into conglomerates, quar twites. arkose, wackes and argillite?. QUATERNARY RECENT The Early Precambrian metamorphosed rocks also outcrop exten sively along either side of the Miseniit River lineation, in the broken Man-made deposits*, mine waste, tailings and land fill upland country that extends due noith from Wendigo Lake towards municipal waste, reclamation fill Benson, St. Anthony and Mageau Lakes, and in the wedge shaped area lying to the southeast of Pontleroy Creek, and in several rocky Peal, muskeg, swamp and bog deposits hills located in southern Dack Township.

PALEOZOIC (Unit 2): Outcroppings of the Paleozoic Timiskaming Beach deposits* Outlier located south and east of Englehart are restricted to the crest of land at the southern margin of the m^p-sheet in Armstrong Town Alluvium: unsubdivided clay, silt, sand, grave) and or ship, immediately adjacent to Highway 11, and to a 1.5 km section ganics of the bottom of The deeply incised Lvanturel (St. Jean Baptiste) Creek 3-3 km SSE of Englehart. LATE WISCONSINAN OR RECENT

An outcrop of Middle Paleozoic dolostone occurs on the southern Older Alluvium bank of the near the eastern boundary of Kap-kig-iwan 9a Deltaic deposits: silt to fine sand with gravel Provincial Park, separated fiom Ear l y Prcciimbr i an m eta volcanics by and organic material only a short distance of obscured section. This outcrop appears to mark W*M*T5** the approximate location of a northward continuation (or fork) of the 9b Alluvial terrace remnants: clay, silt and sand Lake Timiskaming West Shore Fault. with organic material In all cases the outcrops of Paleozoic rocks confirm the general Fluviolacustrine sediments westward dip of the strata towards the bounding Timiskaming West 8a Fluvial sand and gravels Shore Fault. 8b Lacustrine sands - clean to silty unstratified to A relatively continuous, if varying, sequence of rocks has been stratified sands; deltaic and near shore; de judged to be present on the basis of the above-noted outcrops and re rived from glaciofluvial and ice-contact de sults reported for several water wells (Hume 1925; Tomson 1965). posits The sequence consists of interbedded shales, mudstones, flaggy to more 8c Lacustrine sands and gravels with boulders: massively bedded sandstones, siliceous limestones, limestones, and beach and near shore; derived from till dolostones. A disconformity brtwut-©ii the Liskeard Formation of Late Ordovician age and the Wabi Foimation of Lower Silurian age has been Lacustrine silts: clayey to sandy - laminated to mas identified by Hume (1925). Present correlation with the equivalent sive; deposited during lake recession Paleozoic sedimentary sequence of Southern Ontario and the St. Law rence Lowlands involves a basal equivalence with the uppermost part PLEISTOCENE of the Trenton Black River Formation, to at least the top ol the Clin Late Wisconsinan ton Group (Bolton and Copeland 1972; Sinclair 196b; Thomson C/ffffr 1964; Ollerenshaw and MacQufifin I960; Caley and Liberty 1957). LO&/J Glaciolacustrine sediments i Previous consideration that the uppermost dolostones in Armstrong \ Ga Clay-silt rythmites (varved claysl Township were equivalent in part to the Lockport Formation of the 6b Clay-silt sand rythmitcs (triplet varying) Niagara Escarpment area (Hume 1925) is now discounted (Thom son t9G5). BAVLY TP Glaciofluvial and ice-contact deposits: mainly sand and gravel Open clints and other karstic features have developed during the IN9RAM TP postglacial period in the outcrop m Armstrong Township, and several 5a Outwash, valley train, sand plain sink holes are reported to exist a short distance to the south of the 5b Kames, eskers, esker deltas map-boundary (Morton et a/. 1979). 5c Unsubdivided stratified drift

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY: All known Pleistocene sediments within Glacial till - silty sand to silt till with gravel, cobbles, the map-drea are o) Late Wisconsinan age, though older sediments have and boulders been reported f rum the Lower Notch darnsite south of Cobalt (sample of wood from foundation excavation) and from areas to the north Bedrock/drift complex: numerous bedrock outcrops (Skinner 1973). with discontinuous drift covet with: (jlACIALjriLL (Unit 4): Outcrops of till occur sporadically through 3a Predominantly deep water lacustrine sediments out the area in close association with bedrock outcrops. Lodgement (6a, b) till has been identified in declivities and hollows in the Precambrian 3b Glaciofluvial or reworked glaciofluvial deposits bedrock exposed along the prominent escarpment to the west and (5) northwest of Englehart. 3c Glacial till: modified by lake or spillway action An outcrop on Highway 560, the predominantly silt till is associated 3d Glacial till: unmodified with disturbed and disturlud lacuslr inu sediment and a push moraine, possibly reflecting a minor readvance of ice against the escarpment. UNCONFORMITY Elsewhere the lodgement till occurrences persist in close association a&ViWlM with rock hummocks such as in southern Dack and Pense Townships n Starj^n1 ©^~POj \ ~s~ PALEOZOIC and throughout the rocky upland to the north and east of Wendigo 77 ORDOVICIAN AND SI LU R l AN Lake. Dolostone, magnesian limestone, limestone, sandstone, Ablation till remnants mantle the flat-topped hills surrounding the mudstone, shale Skeleton Creek Basin, above the highest level of postglacial water inundation. Such till is generally brown in colour and sandy, with UNCONFORMITY frequent cobbles and boulders and it is invariably coarser and less dense than the silty lodgement till. PRECAMBRIAN Clast lithology tends to closely mirror the underlying or subjacent EARLY TO MIDDLE PRECAMBRIAN bedrock. No till fabric analyses were carried out. Unsubdivided granitic, metasedimentary, metavolcanic Striations on recently exposed bedrock suggest a southerly flow of and intrusive rocks the ice sheet, with local variations at bed level being strongly dependant on basal topographic control. Umts designated "* do not occur within the Englehart map-area in map- pablc size. ^ (Unit 5): Three small kame terraces have been identified in association with prominent SYMBOLS elongated rock ridges in Mulligan and Rattray Townships. The kames are all small and appear to have developed in the lee of rock ridges. Clast lithology is directly related to adjacent bedrock. Transition to c hniindary Glacial spillway, melt overlying varved clays is invariably via a thin reworked zone with actual or approximate water channel ci ay -sand interlayering? and some r lay halls. No oxidation of the kame deposits has occurred. The overlying clays contain calcareous/ Geologic boundary, Kettle hole (it unclosed dolomitic concretions ranging up to 5 cm in maximum dimension. assumed indicates ice contact slope or open depres- A fourth smaller kame ten act1 occurs in Pense Township associated Geologic boundety siont with an irregular ity in the western flank of a persistent rock ridge. man-made Eskers Esker Relict well-defined a) Several prominent eskers exist in, extend from or cross the map- shoreline with bluff area, the Mum o Eskei is the most prominent. At several places in Talus, scree Catharine Township the Munro Esker widens to exhibit kettle Relict shelving beach holes or elongated depressions bptween multiple gravel and cobble- or strandline Glacial striae cored ridges. The kettle holes contain peat deposits and ponds and in one case in the southeastern corner of Catharine Township a Relict storm beach, Small bedrock out- finely varved clay at least 1 m thick has been proven to exist be EVANTUREL TR bar, tombolo croppings neath 4 m of peat and muskeg. ARMSTRONG TR The margins of the Munro Esker appear to grade transitionally into Moraine crest Landslip shallow water lacustrine sediments. Subsequently, lake recessional 47045©00" (littoral) drift appears to have veneered these sediments with off- Abandoned river chan Earthflow lapping sands. nels, cut-otts, oxbows Hume, G.S, Sand or gravel pit The other well-developed esker features in the map-area comprise 1925: The Paleozoic Outlier of Lake Timiskaming, Ontario and the following (names are informal): Quebec; Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 145. b) Skead Township Esker: This short esker extends to the northwest Ollerenshaw, N.C., and MacQueen, H.W. SOURCES OF INFORMATION from the start of deposition between St. Anthony and Mageau Lakes, f) Dack Township Esker: A short esker-like deposit of sand and gravel Exposures along Evanturel Creek exhibit considerable deformations The glaciofluvial/lake margin features in the area frequently exhibit Agricultural activity has modified the effective boundary of many of The prime potential source of granular materials within the map- An extensive area of silty clay deposit capable of agricultural devel 1960: Ordovician and Silurian of the Lake Timiskaming Area; Pro to terminate just off the map-sheet still in Skead Township. After has been worked as a gravel pit about 1.6 km north of Charlton. within the varved clay or clay/silt strata which were contemporaneous extensive offlap sand aprons (former wet beaches), sand spits, et cetera. the terrace peat accumulations. Orfly -the channel fill peat and the South area is the Munro Esker, which would supply many millions of tons of opment exists in the Skeleton Creek Basin, in Mulligan and the eastern ceedings Geological Association of Canada, 12, p. 105-115. Geology in 1972 by J.D. Morton. Geology in 1977-78 by R.C.F. King initial development amongst several ruck outcrops, ii forms into a sand and gravel. Exploitation ot this deposit to date is minimal and is part of Bayly lownships. Much ot this feature lies hidden below lacustrine clay and silt with deposition. In other locations (e.g. Heashp qravel pit) discontorm- Sands and fine gravels within the Skeleton Creek Basin have an un Skeleton Creek peat swamp appear capable of economic exploitation. Sinclair, G. Winston and assistants, and J.D. Morton. narrow sinuous ridge composed of sand and gravel with some cob associated almost solely with building of the Larder Lake Road (Pro ities in the varved clays are evidence of erosional events with m the certain origin. The underlying fine-grained clayey glaciolacustrine 1965: Succession of Ordovician Rocks at Lake Timiskaming; Geo Base-map and topography from map 31 M/13 of the National Topo bles. q) Heaslrp Esker: This buried esker is exposed in two sand and qravel sequence. r^Ajy-r^^^EP^srxsyi^j^Fjjj.,jwiirs^ J^JJJN^PJJMPS (unit vincial Highway No. 624) and several forest development roads. ENGINEERING GEOLOGY: The existence of weak lacustrine varved pits for a distance of about 0.5 km, starting 0.5 km north of High sediments contain sandy varves or triplets. 13): Several small mine waste dumps exist within Skead and Catharine clays at depth beneath the delta sediments of the Blanche River Valley logical Survey of Canada, Paper 65-34, 6p. graphic Series, scale 1 :bU 000. c) Mageau Lake Esker: This well-developed feature extends northward Continuing isostatic lebound of the map area led to a separation of Townships where mineral showings have been tested or mined. The The clays of the area are generally silty and have not tested well for has created instability of many sections of the valley walls, and severe Aerial Photography: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Issued way 569 at Heasliu. The sands and gravels are stratified and clean. OLDE^ALLUVKJ^ (Unit 9): To the south and east of Tomstown, Thomson, R. from a starting point about midway between the Skead Esker and No obvious connections exist between this esker and others in the Lake Ojibway from the earlier Lake Barlow-Ojibway system; resulting areas involved are too small to be differentiated. ceramic usages or brick making (Guillet 1977). engineering problems have been experienced in locating and construct 1965. Casey and Harris Townships; Ontario Department of Mines, 1957-59, Ontano Ministry of Natural Resources, Issued 1970; Minis- in staged regression of the various lake margins across the map area. alluvial deposits of sand and silt with clay and organic material were Mageau Lake and passes northward into Hearst Township, It is a Blanche River Valley, though sands underlying the varved clays The peat bogs of the area, where of sufficient thickness, could be ing the road and rail communication systems. Frost heave problems Geological Report No.36, 77p. tere des Terres et forets du Quebec. Usued 1966 (revibt-d); Canada Fluvial sands and gravels with associated lacustrine silts and fine sands deposited in an advancing delta developed during a period of relatively Community landfill sites also exist, the largest being the Englehart broad, smooth-topped feature composed of well-bedded sand with adjacent to the Larder River, some 4.5 to 7 km north of Hcaslip, economically exploited for moss litter or peat moss. Terrace or delta- are also severe on most township and regional roads due to the predom Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Issued 1969. slow lake recession, by extension from the earlier delta of the Engle town dump located in an area of extensive sand flats near the centre QUATERNARY GEOLOGY: gravel. may represent a continuation of the same system. were deposited dunng this process by the development of spillways, flat deposits immediately to the north and northeast of the town of inantly silty character of thy subsoil and thy prevailingly high ground- Wells and Boreholes: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Water deltas, shorelines, strandflat^ and beach bars, for example These hart River-Evanturel Creek which formed in the area of the present of Marter Township. All other community dumps are small and are h) Pontleroy Esker: A short section of buried esker has been exposed Englehart have thicknesses up to 2 m whilst peat and muskeg swamps water table. Commonly, rounded Precambrian rock outcrops projecting Baker, C.L., and Stott ison, D.J. Resources Branch Well Records; Ontano Ministry of Tianspartation d) Boundary Esker: This is a well-developed though discontinuous deposits have been grouped -nto units 7 and 8. town of Englehart. Numerous old channels are discernible within this usually located within a worked-out gravel pit. esker which extends northwards from the western shore of Shep by the downward erosion of Pontleroy Creek in central Pense Town feature, with frequent accumulations of peat. Datable wood fragments of up to 4 m thickness occur in eastern Ingram Township, along South through the Quaternary sediments have added lu alignment and con 1979. Quaternary Geology of the Larder Lake Area, District of and Communications, Geotechnical Section; Unpublished geological ship. The southern bank exposure has been worked as a source of ISOSTATIC REBOUND: Various beach formation levels are discernible st ruction difficult ies, and the Concession and township line road system, pard Lake via the isthmus between Clear and Skeleton Lakes into LACySIRlNE^Sn-T^ (Unit 7): Thy stratigraphy of the sediments have been recovered at several locations within the alluvial sequence. Skeleton Creek, and in central Pense Township. Drainage and access Timiskaming; Ontario Geological Survey Prelim. Map P. mapping data by Jean Viellette (1977, 1978), Geological Survey of the southern end of the Larder River Valley. It continues north sand and gravel for forest development road construction. generally indicates an upward coarsening, with water-sorted fine to throughout the area, the most continuous and obvious being the early problems would provide severe development limitations to all the de so well developed in the adjacent New Liskeard map-area, is noticeably 2290, Geol. Ser , scale 1 ©50 000 Geolorjy 1978. Canada. RECENT AJJ-UVIUM (Unit 10): Restricted areas of Recent alluvium Lake Timiskaming beach which surrounds the Blanche River Valley at posits noted. less complete and more tortuous even where land is so highly developed. Radiocarbon Dates: Geological Survey of Canada Radiocarbon Dates, eastwards within this valley to extend beyond the northern boun L^CJJ^r^NEjSEplM.E-NTS- (Units G, 7 and 8): Fine sands, silts and medium sands overlying finer silt sediments. Massive units are apparent Morton, J.D., King, R.C,F., and Kalin, M.W. in the several deltas that developed aiound the margin of the Lake occur along the valley bottoms of most of the principal rivers and levels ranging between 650 fefit and 710 feet a.s.l. Differential isostatic I-XVII; Department of Geological Sciences, Brock University (1977 dary of the map-area into Mcfadden Township and the Province of clays form the most abundant Quaternary deposits of the area. The AGRICULTURAL SOILS: The section of map-area lying south and The presence of buried peat within parts of the town of Englehart 1979. Quaternary Geology of the New Liskeard Area, District of Quebec. Several sections of Mie esker have been eroded away while Barlow embayment, at points wheie the present day major tributaries creeks of the map-area. Such development appear to be greatest rebound has tilted these initially level features, and preliminary re has created foundation and development problems which have not pre 1978). sediments take the form of lythmites 01 laminated and stiatified clays, west of the diagonal line connecting the NW and SE corners of the Timiskaming; Ontano Geological Series Prelim, Map P.2291, the Larder River valley acted as a major postglacial spillway or to the Blanche River still enter the valley. The majority of Ihe silts along those streams such as Sunday Creek, Aidie Creek and Alligator gression analysis indicates that a maximum uplift of 0.7 m per km viously been appreciated. Bedrock Geology: Ontario Department of Mines Maps 31B, 2205, and silts, clayey silts and sands laid down within vanous pro- and postglacial Creek which are flowing counter to the general trend of isostatic developed in a northeasterly direction. map has agricultural potential which has been undergoing development Geol. Ser., scale 1:50 000. Geology 1972, 1977. drainage channel. The remaining parts of the esker within the Lar outcrop in or along the southwestern flank of the Blanche Valley Map P.159; Ontario Geological Survey Preliminary Maps P.1220-1225 lakes. The varved clay or clay-silt couplets vary between 5 mm and 300 since initial settlement began in the early 1900s. Heavier clay soils are whei©R they frequently form a thin cover of laminated silts and clayey uplift Skinner, R.G. der Rivet defile have been extensively reworked leaving, m many mm in thickness and appear to have been draped OVRI the entire area ECONOMIC GEOLOGY: The various ice-contact and glaciofluvial restricted to the lacustrine terraces lying [i) south and west of the inclusive and P.1249; p. 101-104 in MPB2, Summary of Field Work, instances, only a boulder and cobble veneer over bedrock The silts over the varved clays. An intimate and complex relationship with 1973: Quaternary Stratigraphy of the Moose River Basin, Ontario; up to within approximately 30 to 40 m of the level of maximum in PEAT.ANDJirtySKEGJ3EPOSIIS. (Unit 12|r Muskeg development has deposits in the area have been or are being worked for sand and gravel Heaslip-EriQlehart imaginary axis and (ii) in the vicinity of Krugerdorf McFaddcn and Rattray Townships Ares, District of Timiskaming by the erosional beach features is commonly exhibited. Bulletin 225 Geological Survey of Canada, Department of southern end of the feature dips beneath beach sands and varved undation. Principal areas of exception to deposition occur on the higher occurred m areas nt poor nr restricted drainage throughout the map- supplies, though more particularly the short, discontinuous or buried (to the north of the Misema River and Aidie Creek deltas). Elsewhere SELECTED REFERENCES Z.L. Mandziuk, Ontario Geol. Survey. clays of the Blanche River Valley, in Ingram Township. Energy, Mines and Resources; 77p,, 6 plans and sections. rock ridges in Mulligan and Raltray Townships. The major area of ex , 8): The greater parr of area, but most notably in northern Pense Township where isostatic eskers that occur in the western and southwestern half of the map-area. the soils are lighter and sandier and are subject to late summer drought. This map is published with the permission of E.G. Pye, Director, On e) Armstrong Pacaud Fskei" A series of intermittent esker sections or posed varved clays are found in Pacaud Township and the northern part these sediment?, were deposited nver varved clays and lacustrine silts rebound continuously diminshes the discharge gradient of the southern The increasingly heavy lateral cover of lacustrine sediments overlying Ploughing in or burning off of terrace peat above the alluvium and BEDROCK AND GENERAL REGIONAL GEOLOGY: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY: tario Geological Survey. esker/kame nodes protruding through younger lacustrine sediments of Chamberlain Township, in the area to the west and southwest of by spillways or glacial rivers. Several major discharge channels have fork of Skeleton Creek, Peat also occurs in ice block depressions within sources such as the Armstrong/Pacaud township line Esker system and varved clays is producing a high-yield loam soil, though problems are Highway 11, within the Skeleton Creek Basin and in Pense Township. the Munro Esker, and in other declivities and hollows within the rocky the Heaslip Esker is effectively limiting their accessibility. Bolton, Thomas, E. and Copeland, M.J. Guillet, G.R. occurs in a north-south line extending from the Beauchamp-Arm- been identified: (i) ancient Englehart River channels, one of which being created by the rapid headward gully erosion of drainage channels 1977: Clay and Shale Deposits of Ontario; Ontario Geological Sur Issued 1979 Smaller isolated aieab of varved clays are evident within the iiruyular tenain. Larger areas of amorphous peat and muck deposits have devel built to aid such land reclamation. 1972: Paleozoic Formations and Silurian Biostratigraphy, Lake strong township line in the New Liskeard area (Morton et al. 1979) followed the course of Aidie Creek, (ii) the Misema River defile, (iii) The fluviolacustrine sands and gravels of the Larder River-Wendigo vey Mineral Deposits Circular 15, 117p. Accompanied by to approximately the centre of Pacaud Township near the north rocky terrain of Skead, the northern part of Bayly and the western part the Larder River-Wendigo Lake spillway system, (iv) Pontleroy Creek, oped on the delta and terrace flats of the Blanche River Valley and the Lake Spillway system adjacent to the Blanche River Valley have also Timiskaming Region, Ontario and Quebec; Geological Sur Information from this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It surrounding ci ay -co ve red glacial lake-terrace areas. Several layer? of The sand soils of Marter, Ingram and northwestern Pense Townships Map 2358, scale 1:2 000000. western corner of the Englehart map-sheet. All the materials visible of Catharine Township. (v) the present Englehart River valley. Much reworked glaciofluvial undergone exploitation for sand and gravel. The channel-fill nature of vey of Canada, Paper 72-1 5, 49p. is recommended that reference to this map be made in the following peat have been found to exist withm the deltaic silts and clayey silts are being allowed to revert to woodland, along with the formerly deai within the sand and gravel pits which have been developed to work The sediments within the Skeleton Creek Basin frequently contain deposits exist along the distributary channels of the Wendigo-Larder these deposits restricts the reserves though these have not as yet been Caley, J.F., and Liberty, B.A, form: beneath parts of the town of Englehart. ed areas adjacent to the Munro Esker. Several homesteads and township these nodal deposits vary from well-bedded fine to medium sand triplets of clay, silt and sand as do the sediments adjacent to the con spillway system. Smaller areas of sand and gravel were deposited by fully exploited. development roads have been abandoned. 1957: St. Lawrence and Hudson Bay Lowlands and Paleo/oic King, R.C.F., and Morton, J.D. with gravel and cobbles to clean cobbles and boulders. All expo fluence of the Misema and Blanche River?. spillways to the east of Boston Creek in Pacaud Township, possibly Outliers; Geological Survey of Canada, Economic Geology The work reported here is part of the Area Geoscientific 1979; Quaternary Genlogy of the Englehart Area, District of sures exhibit a complete range of sediments. Within the pit located derived from the Boston Creek Esker (Baker 1979) and along Alligator Series, No.1, 3rd ed. r p.206 246. Surveys. It was equally funded by the federal Department ot Regional Timiskaming; Ontario Geological Survey Prelim. Map P,2292, 1 .5 km south of Krugcrdorf , gravel and cobbles have been cemented Creek. Economic Expansion and the Ontario Ministry of Northern Affairs Geological Ser., Scale 1:50 000. Geology 1972 and 1977- with dolomite to form large masses of open-work conglomerate. under the Community and Rural Resource Development Agreement. 1978.