DOCSLIB.ORG

Indian and World Geography Topic-Wise Strategy Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Indian and World Geography Topic-Wise Strategy Contents Indian and World Geography Topic-wise Strategy Contents Indian and World Geography 1-276 Part A: World Geography 6. Years, Months and Calendars 14 7. The Moon, Blood Moon and 1. The Universe 1 Red Moon 15 7.1 Phases of Moon 16 1. Origin of the Universe 1 7.2 Types of Moon 16 2. Solar System 1 8. Eclipses 16 3. The Sun 2 8.1 Solar Eclipse 16 3.1 Mercury 3 8.2 Lunar Eclipse 17 3.2 Venus 3 Self–Evaluation Test 17 3.3 Earth and the Moon 3 3.4 Mars 3 3. Geomorphology 18 3.5 Asteroid Belt 4 1. Earth’s Geological Time Scale 18 3.6 Jupiter 4 2. Interior of the Earth 19 3.7 Saturn 4 3. Information Sources About 3.8 Uranus 5 Earth’s Interior 20 3.9 Neptune 5 3.1 Direct Sources 20 3.10 Glossary 5 3.2 Indirect Sources 21 Self–Evaluation Test 7 4. The Theory of Continental Drift 21 4.1 Evidences in Support of the 2. The Earth 8 Continental Drift 22 1. Theories on the Origin of the Earth 8 5. The Theory of Plate Tectonics 22 2. Place of the Earth in the Universe 8 5.1 Seafloor Spreading 22 3. Position, Shape and Size 9 5.2 Evidence for Seafloor Spreading 23 6. Volcanoes 25 3.1 Earth as an Oblate Spheroid 9 4. Motions of the Earth and their 6.1 Magma 25 Consequences 9 6.2 Types of Volcanoes 25 6.3 World Distribution of Volcanoes 26 4.1 Rotation 9 7. Earthquakes 27 4.2 Revolution 10 7.1 Distribution of Earthquakes 27 4.3 Apparent Migration of the Sun 11 7.2 Types of Earthquake Waves 28 5. The Earth’s Grid System 12 7.3 Risk Zone 28 5.1 Latitude 12 8. Rocks 28 5.2 Longitude 12 8.1 Classification of Rocks 28 5.3 Longitudes and Time Zones 13 8.2 Rock Cycle 31 9. Endogenic Forces of Landforms 32 7.2 Spring and Neap Tides 55 9.1 Nappes 33 7.3 Cycle of Declination 55 9.2 Crustal Fracture 33 8. Coral Reefs 55 9.3 Rift Valley 33 8.1 Types of Coral Reefs 55 10. Exogenic Forces of Landforms 34 9. Mineral Resources of Oceans 56 11. Weathering 34 10. Ocean Energy Resources 57 11.1 Types of Weathering 34 10.1 Ocean Thermal Energy 57 12. Major Landforms of the World 35 10.2 Ocean Mechanical Energy 57 12.1 Mountains 35 11. Oil Spill 57 12.2 Plateaus 36 11.1 Directly 57 12.3 Plains 37 11.2 Indirectly 57 13. Fluvial Landform 37 Self–Evaluation Test 58 14. Karst Landforms 39 15. Coastal Landforms 41 5. Hydrosphere 59 16. Aeolian Landforms 44 1. Hydrologic Cycle 59 Self–Evaluation Test 48 2. Ocean 60 4. Oceanography 49 3. Soil Water 60 4. Sources of Water 60 1. Oceans of the World 49 4.1 Ground Water 60 1.1 Continental Shelf 49 4.2 Springs and Seeps 61 1.2 Continental Slope 49 4.3 Geyser 61 1.3 Deep Sea Plains 50 4.4 Wells 62 1.4 Ocean Deep or Trenches 50 5. Rivers 63 1.5 Submarine Canyons 50 2. Reliefs of Ocean: Basins 51 4.1 Parts of a River 63 6. Lakes 63 2.1 Pacific Ocean 51 2.2 Atlantic Ocean 51 6.1 Characteristics of a Lake 63 2.3 Indian Ocean 51 6.2 Preconditions of a Lake 64 3. Temperature of Ocean Water 51 6.3 Classification of Lakes 64 Self–Evaluation Test 64 3.1 Factors Affecting the Temperature of Oceans 51 6. Atmosphere 65 3.2 Vertical Distribution of Temperature 51 4. Salinity of the Oceans 51 1. Atmosphere 65 4.1 Pacific Ocean 52 2. Composition of the Atmosphere 65 4.2 Atlantic Ocean 52 3. Structure of the Atmosphere 65 4.3 Indian Ocean 52 3.1 Troposphere 65 5. Oceanic Deposits 52 3.2 Stratosphere 66 6. Ocean Currents 52 3.3 Chemosphere 66 6.1 Atlantic Ocean 52 3.4 Mesosphere 66 6.2 Pacific Ocean 53 3.5 Thermosphere 66 6.3 Indian Ocean 53 3.6 Exosphere 66 7. Ocean Tides 54 3.7 Homosphere 66 7.1 Diurnal and Semi Diurnal Tides 54 3.8 Heterosphere 67 4. Insolation and Heat Budget 67 17. Distribution of Rainfall 80 4.1 Heat Budget or Heat Balance 67 18. Major Atmospheric Disturbances 80 5. Terrestrial Radiation 68 18.1 Fronts 80 5.1 Global Heat Balance 68 18.2 Cyclones 81 6. Distribution of Temperature 68 18.3 Typhoons 81 6.1 Horizontal Distribution 68 18.4 Thunderstorm 81 6.2 Vertical Distribution 69 18.5 Hurricanes 82 6.3 Temperature Zones 69 18.6 Tornadoes 82 7. Pressure and Winds 70 18.7 Water Sprout 82 7.1 Causes of Pressure Changes 18.8 Temperate Cyclone 82 and Differences 70 18.9 Anticyclone 82 7.2 Relation between Pressure and Wind 70 19. Weather and Climate 83 7.3 Seasonal Shifting of the Pressure Belts 71 20. Types of Climate 83 7.4 Major Pressure Belts 71 20.1 Equatorial Climate 83 8. Humidity and Evaporation 72 20.2 Tropical Climates 85 8.1 Latent Heat 72 20.3 Temperate Climates 87 8.2 Evaporation 72 20.4 Cool Temperate Zone 88 8.3 Absolute Humidity 72 20.5 Cold Zone 89 8.4 Specific Humidity 72 20.6 Mountain Climate 89 8.5 Relative Humidity 73 21. Global Climatic Change 90 9. Winds 73 Self–Evaluation Test 91 9.1 Factors Affecting Wind 74 9.2 Isobars 74 7. Population and Human Diversity 92 9.3 Primary Winds 74 1. Population 92 9.4 Secondary Winds 75 10. Cooling of Air and Adiabatic 2. Races of the World 92 Change 77 3. Population Distribution 93 11. Stability and Instability of the 3.1 Densely Populated 93 Atmosphere 77 3.2 Sparsely Populated 93 12. Forms of Condensation 78 4. Demographic Transition Model 93 12.1 Mist 78 4.1 There are Four Stages of Transition 93 12.2 Dew 78 5. Age Sex Pyramid 94 12.3 Fog 78 6. Factors Affecting Distribution of 12.4 Frost 78 Population 94 13. Clouds 78 7. Migration 95 13.1 Classification of Clouds 78 7.1 Streams of Migration 95 14. Precipitation 79 7.2 Causes of Migration 95 15. Rainfall 79 7.3 Consequences of Migration 95 15.1 Origin of Rainfall 79 Self–Evaluation Test 96 15.2 Pre-conditions of Condensation 79 16. Types of Rainfall 79 8. Continents 97 16.1 Convectional Rainfall 79 1. Introduction 97 16.2 Orographic Rainfall 79 2. South America 97 16.3 Cyclonic or Frontal Rainfall 80 2.1 South America and Mexico Resources 99 3. Africa 99 5. Natural Regions of the World 122 4. Europe 101 5.1 Equatorial Region 122 4.1 Europe and CIS Resources 102 5.2 Savanna Region 123 4.2 Industrial Regions 103 5.3 Hot Desert Region 123 5. Asia 104 5.4 Mediterranean Region 123 5.1 Asia Resources 105 5.5 Temperate Grassland 123 5.2 China 106 5.6 Coniferous Forests 124 5.3 Korea 106 5.7 Tundra Region 124 5.4 South East Asia 106 Self–Evaluation Test 125 5.5 West Asian and Other Asian Countries 106 6. North America 107 10. Agriculture 126 6.1 North America Resources 108 1. Agriculture Production Practices 126 6.2 Industrial Regions 109 1.1 Climate change 126 6.3 Canada 109 1.2 Deforestation 126 6.4 Industrial Regions 110 1.3 Irrigation 127 7. Australia 110 1.4 Pollutants 127 8. Antarctica 111 1.5 Soil Degradation 127 9. Road Transport 114 10. Rail Transport 114 1.6 Nutrient Management in Agriculture 127 11. Ocean Transport: Major 1.7 Indiscriminate Use of Fertilizers and Trade Routes 114 its Effects 128 Self–Evaluation Test 115 1.8 Pollution by Indiscriminate use of Urea 128 1.9 Pollution by Indiscriminate Use 9. Natural Resources 116 of Phosphorus 128 1. Classification of Natural Resources 116 1.10 Indiscriminate Use of Potassium 128 2. Soils 117 2. Vermicompost 128 2.1 Soil Pedogenesis 117 2.1 Benefits of Vermicompost for Soil 128 2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil 118 2.2 Environmental Benefits of 2.3 The modified marbut system divides Vermicompost 128 the soil into three broad groups or 2.3 Disadvantages / Issues of zonal orders 118 Vermicompost: 129 2.4 Soil Horizons 119 3. Biofertilizers 129 3. Principal Pedogenic Processes 3.1 Biopesticides 129 (Soil Forming Processes) 120 3.2 Bioherbicides 129 4. Flora and Fauna 120 3.3 Bioinsecticide 129 4.1 Biome 120 3.4 Examples of Biopesticides 129 4.2 Monsoon Deciduous Forests 120 4. Modern Agriculture 129 4.3 Savanna Biome 122 4.1 Plantation Agriculture 130 4.4 Mediterranean Biome 122 5. Fisheries 130 4.5 Temperate Grassland Biome 122 5.1 Types of Fishes 130 4.6 Boreal Forest Biome or Taiga Biome 122 5.2 Major Fishing Zones 130 4.7 Tundra Biome 122 Self–Evaluation Test 131 9. The River Regimes 157 Part B: Indian Geography 10. Lakes 157 1. Physiography of India 132 11. Watershed Development 157 Self–Evaluation Test 160 1. General Data 132 1.1 Size and Location 132 3. Climate of India 161 1.2 Indian Ocean 132 1. Introduction 161 1.3 India and the World 133 2. Factors Affecting the Climate 1.4 Locational Advantage 134 of India 161 1.5 Political Divisions of India 134 3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mission/PDS Build Schedule
    Mission/PDS Build Schedule Last updated 30 Oct 2017: Updated ExoMars Rover, BepiColom, Chandrayaan-2, Psyche launch dates. Updated New Horizons 2014 MU69 flyby. Updated Juno EOM. Extended active missions: Venus Climate Orbiter, Dawn, Voyager 1/2, Mars Orbiter Mission. Project Summary Extended past mission wrapping up archives: Rosetta. Changed MESSENGER, Cassini to "Past" missions. Added new missions: Hope Mars, Mars Orbiter Mission-2, Martian Moon eXplorer. Removed AIM (cancelled). a = Adoption of PDS4 release(s) PDS4 Release Version 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 V V V V V d = Distribution of PDS4 data Lead PDS PDS4 Release FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28 Other Nodes Status Mission Node Version Adopted 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 MAVEN ATM PPI,NAIF Active 4 1.1-1.5 d d d d d d d d d d MOI Sep 2014; Extended through Sep 2018 Mars Science Laboratory/MSL/Curiosity GEO ATM,CIS,PPI,NAIF Active 3 Extended through Sep 2018 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/MRO GEO ATM,CIS,NAIF Active 3 Extended through Sep 2018 Study: pre-Phase A (response to proposal request) Mars Exploration Rover/MER/Opportunity GEO ATM,CIS,NAIF Active 3 Extended through Sep 2018 Formulation: Phase A (mission and systems definition) Mars Odyssey GEO CIS,NAIF Active 3 Extended through Sep 2018 Formulation: Phase B (preliminary design) InSight GEO ATM,CIS,PPI,NAIF Future 4 1.4-1.5 (?) a a a a a a/d d d d d d d d d d Launch May 2018; Land Nov 2018 Implementation: Phase C (design) / D (build, test,
    [Show full text]
  • May Art and Cuture
    CURRENT AFFAIRS(2019-2020) FOR UPSC AND OTHER EXAMS MAY ART AND CUTURE By SIDDHANT AGNIHOTRI B.Sc (Silver Medalist) M.Sc (Applied Physics) Facebook: sid_Econnect CHARDHAM • Chardham Yatra: Kedarnath portals open for public.The project involves developing and widening 900-km of national highways connecting the holy Hindupilgrimage sites of; Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri at an estimated cost of Rs.12,000 crores. • The highway will be called Char Dham Mahamarg(Char Dham Highway) and the highway construction project will be called as Char Dham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojana (Char Dham Highway Development Project). • The roads will be widened from 12m to 24m and the project will involve construction of tunnels, bypasses, bridges, subways and viaducts. SEXUAL OFFENCE ISHWAR CHANDRA SAGAR • The giant statue of Ishwar Chandra was recently vandalized by some political goons in Kolkata. • He was the 19th century intellectual. He was perhaps the first Indian reformer to put forward the issues of women. • His Bengali primer, Borno Porichoy, remains, more than 125 years after his death in 1891, the introduction to the alphabet for nearly all Bengali children. • He was a polymath who reconstructed the modern Bengali alphabet and initiated pathbreaking reform in traditional upper caste Hindu society. ISHWAR CHANDRA SAGAR - REFORMS • The focus of his social reform was women — and he spent his life’s energies trying to ensure an end to the practice of child marriage and initiate widow remarriage. • He argued, on the basis of scriptures and old commentaries, in favour of the remarriage of widows in the same way as Roy did for the abolition of Sati.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Exploration Roadmap
    The Global Exploration Roadmap January 2018 What is New in The Global Exploration Roadmap? This new edition of the Global Exploration robotic space exploration. Refinements in important role in sustainable human space Roadmap reaffirms the interest of 14 space this edition include: exploration. Initially, it supports human and agencies to expand human presence into the robotic lunar exploration in a manner which Solar System, with the surface of Mars as • A summary of the benefits stemming from creates opportunities for multiple sectors to a common driving goal. It reflects a coordi- space exploration. Numerous benefits will advance key goals. nated international effort to prepare for space come from this exciting endeavour. It is • The recognition of the growing private exploration missions beginning with the Inter- important that mission objectives reflect this sector interest in space exploration. national Space Station (ISS) and continuing priority when planning exploration missions. Interest from the private sector is already to the lunar vicinity, the lunar surface, then • The important role of science and knowl- transforming the future of low Earth orbit, on to Mars. The expanded group of agencies edge gain. Open interaction with the creating new opportunities as space agen- demonstrates the growing interest in space international science community helped cies look to expand human presence into exploration and the importance of coopera- identify specific scientific opportunities the Solar System. Growing capability and tion to realise individual and common goals created by the presence of humans and interest from the private sector indicate and objectives. their infrastructure as they explore the Solar a future for collaboration not only among System.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights Into Editorial September 2019
    INSIGHTS IAS SIMPLIFYING IAS EXAM PREPARATION INSIGHTS into EDITORIAL SEPTEMBER 2019 www.insightsactivelearn.com | www.insightsonindia.com Table of Contents INSIGHTS INTO EDITORIAL ______ 1 3. DEADLY SPREAD: ON ‘VACCINE HESITANCY’ ________ 44 4. WHY HAS INDIA BANNED E-CIGARETTES? __________ 46 POLITY & GOVERNANCE _____________ 1 RSTV/LSTV/AIR SYNOPSIS _____ 49 1. A FLAWED PROCESS THAT PLEASED NONE ___________ 1 2. THROTTLED AT THE GRASS ROOTS ________________ 3 3. A MILESTONE IN GREATER TRANSPARENCY, POLITY & GOVERNANCE ____________ 49 ACCOUNTABILITY _____________________________ 5 1. IMPORTANCE OF VOTING _____________________ 49 4. ALL THE PRESIDENT’S MEN _____________________ 7 2. NRC (NATIONAL REGISTER OF CITIZENS) __________ 51 5. INEQUALITY OF ANOTHER KIND __________________ 9 3. SEDITION LAW AND DEBATE ___________________ 53 6. THE NATIONAL POPULATION REGISTER, AND THE 4. INCREDIBLE INDIA __________________________ 56 CONTROVERSY AROUND IT ______________________ 11 5. THE THIRD CHILD NORMS ____________________ 58 ECONOMY _______________________ 12 ECONOMY _______________________ 60 1. MARINE FISHERIES BILL ADDRESSES A REGULATORY VOID 1. RBI’S SURPLUS FUND _______________________ 60 ________________________________________ 12 2. BIG BANK REFORMS ________________________ 62 2. BIG BANK THEORY: ON PUBLIC SECTOR BANK MERGERS 14 3. CHALLENGES IN TELECOM SECTOR _______________ 64 3. WHAT IS THE ECONOMICS BEHIND E-VEHICLE BATTERIES? 4. NATIONAL RESOURCE EFFICIENCY POLICY __________ 67 ________________________________________ 16 5. PRODUCTIVITY & SUSTAINABILITY _______________ 69 4. FACTORING IN SAFETY: ON STRONGER WORKER SAFETY LAW _____________________________________ 19 SCIENCE & TECH __________________ 70 5. WHY INDIA’S GROWTH FIGURES ARE OFF THE MARK __ 21 1. CHANDRAYAAN 2- BIG TAKEAWAYS _____________ 70 6. THE SLOW CLIMB TO THE TRILLION-ECONOMY PEAK ___ 23 2. DATA: THE NEW GOLD ______________________ 73 SCIENCE & TECH __________________ 25 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ________ 75 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Affairs,Iasedge
    IAS Edge IAS Edge CURRENT AFFAIRS, IAS EDGE This Document was prepared under the supervision of Mr. Pramod Singh, Academic Head, IAS Edge. Current Affairs, May 2019 Contents 1 GS1a: SOCIAL ISSUES ..........................................7 1.1 Stucco Sculpture and Ikshvaku dynasty7 1.2 Sri Vedanta Desikan7 1.3 International Religious Freedom 2019 report9 1.4 Basavanna9 1.5 Char Dham pilgrimage 10 1.6 Trans fatty acids (TFA) 10 1.7 National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) 12 1.8 Vayoshreshtha Samman 13 2 GS2a: POLITY AND GOVERNANCE ............................. 14 2.1 Lieutenant-Governor (L-G) of Puducherry 14 2.2 Electoral Bond Scheme 16 2.3 Zero pendency Court project 17 2.4 DissentIAS in the Election Commission Edge18 2.5 10th Schedule of the Constitution 18 2.6 Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) 19 2.7 Collegium System 20 2.8 NGOs and regulation of their foreign funding 21 2.9 Article 324 22 2.10 United Nations not a State under Article 12 23 2.11 National Register of Citizens (NRC) 23 2.12 Competition Commission of India (CCI) 24 3 GS2b: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ............................ 25 3.1 Russia “Sovereign internet” bill 25 3.2 Masood Azhar is now a UN global terrorist 26 3.3 Arctic Council 26 3.4 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) 28 3.5 World Customs Organization 29 3.6 Commonwealth Tribunal 30 3.7 The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 30 3.8 World Reconstruction Conference (WRC4) 32 3.9 UN Human Rights Council 33 4 GS3a: ECONOMICS ............................................ 34 4.1 Generalized System of Preference (GSP) 34 4.2 Prepaid payment instruments 35 4.3 Resolving India’s banking crisis 35 4.4 CPI inflation 38 4.5 Fund for rural agricultural start-ups 39 4.6 Economic Census 39 4.7 Project ‘SPARROW-CBIC’ 40 4.8 Services Trade Restrictiveness Index 40 4.9 RBI releases ‘Vision 2021’ for e-payment system 40 4.10 Masala bonds 41 4.11 Chief risk officer (CRO) for NBFCs 42 4.12 WTO’s dispute settlement mechanism 42 5 GS3b:IAS ENVIRONMENT ...................
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies
    Original Article Sandesh et al. 2021 ISSN: 2349 - 4891 ISSN: 2349 – 4891 International Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies (Multidisciplinary Open Access Refereed e-Journal) Europa or Mars: Which will be the New Checkpoint of Human Civilization? Sandesh Ghimire, Binod Adhikari, Ajay Kumar Karn St.Xavier’s College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal. Received 05th January 2021, Accepted 4th February 2021 Abstract The study of Europa, as well as other Galilean moons of Jupiter, was first done by Galileo Galilei himself. After Galileo discovered Europa on 8th January 1610 (possibly by Simon Marius too, independently), this heavenly body has been the hot topic of discussion. Galileo Orbiter orbited around Europa between 1995-2003 and it found many strong pieces of evidence of the presence of liquid water beneath the icy surface of Europa. Similarly, Hubble Space Telescope also found the water plumes coming out from Europa from the data collected on January 26, 2014. As per Neil deGrasse Tyson, “Wherever there is liquid water on earth, there is life, even on the Dead Sea. So, Europa might also sustain life on it despite it lies outside of the gold lock zone”. The surface of Europa is young, with a resurfacing age of just 30-70 million years oldand it is rich in ridges. Europa is tidally locked to Jupiter but those ridges are present on the overall surface of Europa which provides strong support in evidence of the presence of water on Europa. With the presence of liquid water and its magnetic field, it also stands out as an extraordinary candidate (other than Mars) in which we should start conducting our interplanetary missions.
    [Show full text]
  • Science Affairs Coverage from Jan 2019 to December 2019
    Science Affairs Coverage from Jan 2019 to December 2019 Abhimanu ias UDAAN Science and Technology | Udaan by Abhimanu IAS Biotechnology ________________________________________ DNA technolgy (use and application) regulation bill, 2019 Context-Recently a Parliamentary panel headed by congress leader Jairam Ramesh began hearing the contentious DNA technolgy (use and application) regulation bill, 2019 with members grilling officials from the Department of biotechnology on scope for violation of privacy in the proposed DNA data bank. •The DNA technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019 was introduced in Lok Sabha by the Minister for Science and Technology, Mr. Harsh Vardhan, on July 8, 2019. About The DNA technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019 •Use of DNA Data: Under the Bill, DNA testing is allowed only in respect of matters listed in the Schedule to the Bill. These include offences under the Indian Penal Code, 1860, and for civil matters such as paternity suits. Further, the Schedule includes DNA testing for matters related to establishment of individual identity •Collection of DNA: While preparing a DNA profile, bodily substances of persons may be collected by the investigating authorities. Authorities are required to obtain consent for collection in certain situations. For arrested persons, authorities are required to obtain written consent if the offence carries a punishment of up to seven years. If the offence carries more than seven years of imprisonment or death, consent is not required. Further, if the person is a victim, or relative of a missing person, or a minor or disabled person, the authorities are required to obtain the written consent of such victim, or relative, or parent or guardian of the minor or disabled person.
    [Show full text]
  • Security in Outer Space
    In collaboration with the Europe-India Space Cooperation: Policy, Legal and Business Perspectives from India Report 69 April 2019 Marco Aliberti Narayan Prasad (Eds.) Europe-India Space Cooperation: Policy, Legal and Business Perspectives From India Short title: ESPI Report 69 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print), 2076-6688 (online) Published in April 2019 Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute, ESPI Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel. +43 1 7181118-0; Fax -99 Rights reserved – No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “Source: ESPI Report 69; April 2019. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: Panthera.cc ESPI Report 69 2 April 2019 Europe-India Space Cooperation: Policy, Legal and Business Perspectives From India Foreword As one of the first nations to foray into outer space, India’s choice of tailoring the exploration of space to benefit its society led to several inventive solutions relying on space-based infrastructure to address socio-economic problems. The utility of satellites and rockets for social good is increasingly generating interest around the world. India stands as a role model for the international community to look up to for its ability to leverage space technology as a modern tool enhancing the welfare of citizens, the protection of nature and the quality of governance, as well as expanding the scientific horizon.
    [Show full text]
  • India General Studies Upsc Prelims Test Series
    AN ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED INSTITUTE UNIQUE IAS STUDY CIRCLE I N D I A ’ S P R E M I E R I N S T I T U T E SINCE 1990 ALL INDIA S GENERAL STUDIESA UPSC PRELIMS I TEST SERIESE U QUnique IAS Study circle I India's Premier Institute. Central India's first ISO 9001 - 2015 certified IAS N Institute since - 1990. U AN ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED INSTITUTE UNIQUE IAS STUDYCIRCLE I N D I A ’ S P R E M I E R I N S T I T U T E SINCE 1990 IAS U NIQUE IAS STUDY CIRCLE ALL INDIA GENERAL STUDIES UPSC PRELIMS TEST SERIES www.uniqueias.o rg English/ Hindi Medium 20 TESTS: 13 MODULE WISE TESTS + 5 CURRENT AFFAIRS TEST S + 2 FULL LENGTH GRAND TEST A (Expert Support via: Email interactions) I Program objectives: The Test Series simulates the pattern which is followe d for MPPSC. The level of the paper is likely higher in order to give a competitive edge to the aspirants, and provides complete result analysis along with solutions to dificult questions. Other than simulating Ethe exam pattern, it helps students identify improvement areas and plan studies accordingly. At our end we make sure that the test paper is statistically and dynamically analyzed. U Approach and strategy: Our objectiveQ is to help students to develop speed, accuracy and capability to answer all types of questions. Our test platform gives an exhaustive self analysis whereby students can identify their weak and strong areas. In addition to thIis, students can compare their performance with the peers and toppers as well.
    [Show full text]
  • INDIA and SCIENCE
    INDIA and SCIENCE Samuel Paul David HiLASE Center, Institute of Physics of The Czech Academy of Sciences [email protected] 2nd International Researchers Meet Up – 08 July, 2020 India Czech Republic Population 1.39 billion (~36,000 births 10.58 million (~140 births per per day) – 131 times population day) Population density 422 people/km2 – > 3 times 134 people/km2 Total Area 3,287,260 km2 - ~42 times 78,870 km2 Delhi Prague Population ~30 million ~1.3 million Population density ~29,200 people/km2 4600 people/km2 80% Hindus 10.3% Catholics 13% Muslims 0.5% Protestant 2.3% Christians 0.4% Hussites 1.9% Sikhs 9.4% Other beliefs 0.8% Buddhists 0.4% Jains Total = 20.6% Total = 98.4% 2nd International Researchers Meet Up – 08 July, 2020 India’s Scientific Contributions – Brief list • 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 – Arabic numerals • Originally called as Hindu-Arabic numerals !! • World’s first university – Takshashilla Univerisy during 700 BC •Chess – Chaturanga invented in India in 6th century •Shampoo – From Hindi “Champo” •Ayurveda – Ancient medicinal treatment 2100 years ago ! • Fibonacci pattern numbers used in India by Virahanka during 700 AD • Meghnad Saha – Saha’s equation essential to study spectra from stars • Har Gobind Khorana – First person to synthesize an artificial gene in a living cell • Mysorean rockets – First iron cased rocket. British copied later •Concept of atom, cotton cultivation, sugar production, Indigo ink and so on………………. 2nd International Researchers Meet Up – 08 July, 2020 Notable Indian Scientists – Ancient and recent Aryabhatta - Fifth century mathematician, astronomer, astrologer and a physicist.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    Scientific Accomplishments 2019-2020 Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre Indian Space Research Organisation HUMANHUMAN RESOURCERESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE Human Resource PUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS Publications BUDGET BUDGET BUDGET Budget (` in Millions) Looking Back……. The unprecedented pandemic and the subsequent lockdown affected many of our pet projects, caused cancellation of meetings and scheduled visits. In phases we have arisen and are slowly coming to terms with the new reality. On behalf of Team SPL, it is my privilege to present a brief report of our activities and accomplishments during the period July 2019-June 2020. As in the past, this year also saw us investing heavily in the design, testing and development of scientific payloads for planetary missions of ISRO. CHACE-2 (Chandra’s Atmospheric Composition Explorer-2), a quadrupole neutral mass spectrometer, on-board Chandrayaan-2 orbiter is currently orbiting around moon and has already completed more than 2000 hours of operation. CHACE-2 aims at observing the tenuous lunar exospheric composition from spacecraft altitude and it has covered both noon-midnight and dawn-dusk orbits. Currently, it is being operated twice a day, each lasting for 4 hrs duration. The analysis revealed conspicuous peaks of Argon-40 near dawn and dusk terminators over equatorial and mid-latitude regions of the Moon. Another significant highlight was the outcome of SPL’s IDEA experiment on-board the fourth stage (PS4) of the PSLV C-38 mission, the first scientific experiment on PS-4 platform. The Langmuir probe observation of IDEA payload revealed for the first time, an enhancement in top side electron density concurrent with the operation of the PS4 stage of PSLV, demonstrating the plausible role of rocket burn and exhaust gases in modulating the ionosphere in the vicinity.
    [Show full text]
  • 1St Cover May-2018 Issue.Indd
    SCIENCE IN INDIA | SPECIAL /////////////////////////////////////// Indian Space Programme Past Pride & Future Challenges M. Annadurai ECOGNISING the potential of space as a catalyst for Communication Satellites development, the Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite links are the primary means of connectivity to remote R(ISRO) devised its space programme with the objective of and far-fl ung regions of the country – they are the backup links “Harnessing space technology for national development, while for terrestrial connectivity in the mainland too. Communication pursuing space science research and planetary exploration” satellites play a vital role in today’s digital era focusing on the since its inception and this has remained the fundamental tenet utilisation of satellite communication throughout the country. around which the Indian Space Programme has evolved. The technology has matured substantially over the past three The ISRO Satellite Centre has rolled out 100 satellites decades and is being used on commercial basis for a large capable of providing services in various application domains number of applications. like communication, meteorology, remote sensing, navigation Today, we have 15 operational communication satellites and space science explorations. These satellites are continuing in orbit supporting 285 transponders in C, Ext C, Ku, Ka/ to serve the key sectors of the Indian economy such as socio- Ku and S-band for diverse applications like Television, economic security, sustainable development, disaster risk DTH Broadcasting, Radio Networking, and Mobile Satellite reduction, and governance at large. Services to exploit the unique capabilities in terms of coverage 28 | Science Reporter | May 2018 / /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Cloud cover as seen by INSAT-3D Satellite over India and surrounding areas and outreach.
    [Show full text]