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Home , EMISAT, HySIS, Mars Orbiter Mission 2, Rohini (rocket family), South Asia Satellite

From The Director’s Desk

This magazine is to be viewed as a launch pad for the present and future aspirants of Civil Services Exam. This humble initiative will surely make all readers mind to function like parachute- works best when opened. The enthusiastic write ups of our young and experienced writers are indubitably sufficient to hold an admiration of the readers.

Ray’s IAS believes that conceptual clarity and extreme attention to the track are the key ingredients of success .

Ray’s IAS enables every person in maintaining quality of delivery and to perform as required with the set of desirable

“Skills, Knowledge and Attitude” towards their ultimate goal.

Even I fell those who wish to achieve Civil service, first need to identify their hidden talent. That will help them to get the right way.

We believe success depends on

❖ Our Power to Perceive.

❖ Our Power to Observe.

❖ Our Power to Explore.

This initiative is before you to thank all the contributors as their hardwork has made this Magazine a source of inspiration for all our readers.

Director

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GLIMPSE OF THE MONTH

Whole month revolved around the debate regarding the comparison between online and offline mode of teaching. It also focused on getting a best antidote for resolving - conflict. India's policy for fighting covid-19 pandemic is highlighted after measuring it both economically and logistically. Month continued with fathoming the strength of 10th schedule, a virtual tiger amid the political turmoil of Rajasthan. No doubt Quad exercises, areas of interest - India featured as glimpshots, still covid-19 secured more marks in most of the news items. Demand for new high courts (Puducherry, Sambalpur) unnecessary delay in justice delivery system (Padmanabhaswamy case, plane crash case of Rajasthan), statue politics. Ram Janmabhoomi Temple Sansthapana, nepotism of Bollywood industry, Right to internet, fighting of USA against H1B visa are some other relevant issues discussed vividly in the month.

Our advice to the students,preparing for UPSC or other PSC services is to follow your own perception as well instinct. “patience” is the key. But time utilization in a batter way & sticking to a good routine is the mandate needed to crack these exams. You are the best guide for your success.

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Highlights of the month July - August

AIM launched "AIM-iCREST' in partnership with Madhya Pradesh launched Ek mask-AnekZindagi Bill & Melinda Gates foundation and Wadhwani campaign. Foundation. state launched cyber crime MSME launched program under "GRAMODYOG awareness programme E-Raksha bandhan. YOJANA"to benefit artisians manufacturing agarbatti. Khadi and Village industries commission (KVIC) has opened the 1st of its kind footwear training 4th edition of smart India hackathon 2020, largest center in Delhi. ever online hackathon in the world launched by Union HRD ministry virtually. Author of book Suraj Kade Marda Nahi is Baldev Singh Sadaknama. Union Minister Harshvardhan launches vidyarthi Vigyan manthan 2020-21. PASSEX naval exercise conducted between India and USA. Total 24 States till now participated in one Nation one ration card scheme. The income tax department launched a revised FORM 26AS to increase flow of information For the first time in India railways uses NTC between taxpayers and tax authorities. machine for track construction. RAJASTHAN STATE CABINET HAS APPROVED A India's first snow leopard conservation centre to ONE-STOP-SHOP SCHEME TO FAST TRACK be inaugurated in uttarakhand. INVESTMENTS AS WELL AS TO HELP REVIVE INDUSTRIES. India's first kisan rail flagged off from devlali railway station of Maharashtra. Chhattisgarh state has launched godhannyaay yojana. UNESCO recognises venkatraipur and Noliasahi of Odisha as "Tsunami Reddy" honour from IOC. Uttar Pradesh state has launched Navinrojgar chhatri yojana . 66TH SKOCH SUMMIT AWARDS IS RECEIVED BY MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS. Andhra Pradesh state has recently implemented Aarogyasri health care SCHEME. MOOTHON AND SUN RISE WINS AWARDS AT 23RD EDITION OF NEW YORK INDIAN FILM A course on artificial intelligence for class 12th FESTIVAL. and 11th in this academic year has been formed in collaboration with CBSC and IBM. Mohammad Irfan Ali becomes the president of Guyana. Now transgender community can be included under madhubabu pension yojana of Odisha Ajay tyagi chairman of sebi gets another 18 state. months extension. Andhra Pradesh has started first online Nishtha Professor pradeep Kumar Joshi appointed as program. UPSC chairman. UNICEF India has partnered with SAP India to NASA rover 2020 PRESERVERANCE offer career counseling to young ignited minds in launched. the country.

Amazing ayodhya book written by neena Rai.

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"Anji Khad Bridge" constructed by Indian railways is India's first cable stayed Railway bridge Google will acquire 7.7 % stake in jio platforms for inaugurated in Jammu and Kashmir. RS: 33,737 crore. IIT kanpur has developed SHUDH(SMARTPHONE K S Reddy is the chairperson of the committee for OPERATED HANDI ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION National human Rights commission to study HELPER) to make room covid free. covid-19 impact on human rights.

Haryana state launched a scheme Meri bani Meri Karnataka state has launched nikaarasamman virasat. yojana where 2000 INR will be given to handloom weavers. Gujarat state has developed mobile medical vans named as DhanvantariRaths. INDIAN RAILWAYS in collaboration with BHEL has the set up a 1.7MW Solar power plant in Bina West Bengal launched "self scan "app to scan City of madhya Pradesh. documents. Madhya Pradesh has launched intezaraapka Golden Birdwing has been named as India's campaign on social media platforms to attract largest butterfly. tourists to boost tourism.

Indian railways has decided to transform itself as Delhi has launched an e learning portal "NET ZERO" carbon emission mass transportation named"LEAD". network by the end of 2030. UTTAR PRADESH has launched mission 18.Haryana state has approved a proposal to vishwaroopam -2020. bring an ordinance to give 75% reservation in private sector jobs to the ignited minds of the Jean Castex new prime Minister of . state. "Podhelagaoparyavaranbachao " campaign Dehingpatkai wildlife sanctuary has been launched by Delhi. promoted into a national park located in Assam. Kritika Pandey his own 2020 Commonwealth ASEEM digital portal to help skilled people to find short story prize award for the story of "The great sustainable livelihood opportunities has been Indian tree and snakes". launched by MSDE. Odisha has launched BAKRAM YOJONA to provide ISRO will launch Amazonia-1 satellite of Brazil. agricultural credit to landless farmers.

"PURE FOR SURE"champion launched by Odisha to plant 13 crore saplings under a new Rajasthan to install unity of milk and dairy initiative called SABUJA ODISHA. products. COPAL 19, an app to track plasma donors IUCN has put world's costliest fungus developed by AIIMS doctors and IIT Delhi OPHIOCORDYCEPS SINESIS which is also known as students. Himalayan Viagra into vulnerable category. MOBILE MASTERJEE app has been developed for Ashok lavasa has been appointed as vice classroom to home teaching by IIT kanpur. president of ADB. e-KissanDhan app for farmers has been launched HRD ministry has released PRAGYATA guidelines by HDFC Bank. for digital education. India's first plasma bank for treating covid-19 Google in partnership with CBSE to help 1 million patients will be launched in Delhi. teachers regarding how to conduct classes online by end of this year. 4

"Skill connect forum" portal that connects job Bounce back loan scheme is an initiative of UK at seekers with employers launched by Karnataka. assisting small business amidst covid-19.

NADA has launched NADA INDIA app to help Stranded in India is the portal launched by athletes stay updated about prohibited ministry of tourism to help foreign tourists amid substances and uses. lockdown.

Madhya Pradesh launched Lifeline udan an initiative of civil aviation ministry HamaraGharHamaravidyalay campaign. to supply medical supplies across country amid lockdown. India's first likin Park developed in Uttarakhand. Under operation sanjivani India supplied essential A New IIM SIRMAUR inaugurated in Himachal medicines and food grains to . Pradesh. Chief minister of Odisha has been conferred with has banned 59 Chinese "Hero to animals award" by PETA. apps. Bronix zoo where a Tiger tested positive for covid- Union government of ladakh has increased its 19 located in USA. budget by four times. MHRD &AICTE launched "SAMADHAN " for the INS airavat participated in Operation vanilla. online challenge of students fore solution to covid-19 pandemic. Swiggy in association with ICICI Bank launched its own digital wallet swiggy money. Campaign "Bharat padhe online" launched by HRD for crowdsourcing of ideas to improve online Chakravarthi Rangarajan has been conferred with education system of India. first professor PC Mahalanobis award. Ministry of MHA has exempted only the fishing World's first ever online degree BSc and diploma and aquaculture industry from lockdown. courses in programming and data science has been launched by IIT Madras. Jim Corbett National Park in India is country's 1st quarantine facility for animals. Covaxin India's first covid-19 vaccine by Bharat biotech for human trials. YUKTI portal an initiative of HRD ministry.

Yellow colour dustbin introduced by Indore Amid covid 19, spitting in public places has been municipal corporation for Corona infected made a punishable offence under disaster material. management act 2005.

Foreign exchange reserves as per IMF India stands Vidya dhan 2.0 program launched by HRD at 5th position. ministry inviting people and organisation to contribute resources for e learning. Global e waste monitor 2020 report by United Nations , India is 3rd largest contributor to e- Promulgated ordinance to punish committing waste in the world. violence against healthcare professionals fighting covid-19 amends Epidemic diseases act 1987. United Nation convention on trade and development released a report from the great Objective of covid-19 odisha.gov.in portal lockdown to the Great meltdown. launched by Odisha in tackling crisis faced due to covid-19 is registration of migrant workers. SWAMITVA scheme scene in news recently an initiative of ministry of panchayati Raj. Banking industry has been declared as a public utility service for 6 months by government. 5

New name of ministry of HRD is ministry of Education.

Bijapur district topped in the list of aspirational districts ranked by Nitiaayog for February -June 2020.

Actor Sonusood Bollywood personality launched an online platform " PravasiRojgar" to help migrants find job opportunities. Nanda Devi : 2nd Highest point in India Arun Kumar nominated to be the vice chairman of international Union of railways.

India's first public electric vehicle charging plaza has been set up in New Delhi.

KunchikalWaterfall : Highest Waterfall in India

Hirakud Dam : Longest Dam in India

Best wishes

Mariana Trench : Deepest part of the Plane Earth

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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Thoothukudi Launch Port TOI 700d ➢ A district in Tamilnadu. ➢ Earth size planet discovered by NASA ➢ Exclusively for Small Satellite ➢ Found by Transiting Exo-planet survey Launch Vehicle (or SSLV). satellite (TESS) • 500 kg to Lower Earth Orbit/ ➢ TOI700d Is situated in the habitable 300 kg to Sun synchronous zone of its star, TOI 700. Orbit. (A habitable zone is also called as • Multiple orbital drop off the "Goldilocks zone") ➢ It orbits its star once every 37 days. capacity. ➢ It is an “M dwarf” round 100 light years ➢ Space diplomacy (Soft power) away.

INDIAN SPACE STATION GSAT – 30 ➢ Planned for execution by 2030. ➢ GSATs are 4th generation ➢ Lower Earth Orbit. Telecommunication satellites. ➢ Weight- 20 tonnes ➢ Earlier they had INSAT series ➢ Microgravity nomenclature. ➢ An extension of Gaganayan mission ➢ GSAT 30 was launched into GTO from ➢ ISRO is working on space docking Kourou base, French Guiana. experiment ( Spadex) ➢ It will provide high quality ➢ Collecting meaningful scientific data telecommunications and broadcasting especially for biological experiments services. e.g. HEPA filter - bacteria found in ➢ Life span- 15 years International Space Station ➢ GTO/Geosynchronous satellites like (HEPA- High Efficiency Particulate Air GSATs usually have long lifespan. filter) ➢ It will replace INSAT 4A ( launched in ➢ Also long term effect of space travel 2005) on human. ➢ 3357 kg Note: ➢ It has 12 ‘C’ and 12 ‘Ku’ band Paggy Whitson of NASA holds the record for highest number of days in space. transponders. Note: Transponders VYOMMITRA for Combination of Transmitter (Trans) and ➢ Half humanoid Responder (ponder) ➢ Developed by Inertial Systems Unit, ( Uplinking Amplification Downlinking) Thiruvananthapuram. Classification is based upon the operational Note:- frequencies, Gaganayan 1. L Band - 1.4 GHz to 1.6 GHz • India’s first manned space mission 2. S Band - 2.2 GHz to 2.64 GHz planned for 2022. (Digital Audio Radio Service) • Odia IAF pilot Wing Commander Nikhil 3. C Band - 4 GHz to 7 GHz Rath is one among the four astronauts (Fixed satellite service) selected for Gaganyaan. (Civilian use also) • They are undergoing training in Gagarin 4. X Band - 8Ghz to 10 Ghz Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia. (Exclusively for government use) • Vyomanaut : A person who travels in 5. Ku Band - 12.2 GHz to 14.5 GHz space for the Indian space program; an (DTH & Internet broadcasting satellite service) Indian astronaut.

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Launch Vehicle (SSLV) through JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE industry. ➢ It detects Infra Red. ➢ Production and marketing of space- ➢ It is 100 times powerful than based services, including launch Hubble Space Telescope. services and space-based applications ➢ Joint co-operation of, like transponder leasing, remote sensing and mission support services. Canada USA Europe ➢ Marketing , Consultancy services etc. ➢ Capacity building of local industry for It uses “Gravitational lensing” space manufacturing. method to study how new stars are ➢ PSLV - C-47, C-48 (50th PSLV) etc. born ( based upon Einstein’s under NSIL. Theory of Relativity ). PSLV C-48 launched the RISAT 2BR1 Satellite

➢ Remote Sensing satellite NOMENCLATURE OF LUNAR FEATURES which uses microwave.

➢ Resolution by International

Astronomical Union, 1973.

➢ Crater and crater like formations -

Names of astronomers or eminent ➢ scientist posthumously. Military reconnaissance, Agriculture, (e.g. Jackson crater, Mitra crater etc) Forestry & Disaster management Note: Mitra Lunar impact crater which

is located on the far side of the Moon is named after Indian Scientist Sisir PSLV C47 CHANDRAYAAN 2 Kumar Mitra (1890-1963). ➢ – 3 ➢ Vikram (In news during Chandrayan-2 ➢ Active Remote launch) Sensing using ➢ ➢ Mountains – Corresponding Geogra- microwaves Rover phical names of mountains of the ➢ 25cm resolution ➢ Passive Earth. (But so far) remote (e.g. Montes Alpes, Montes Caucasus) ➢ Sharpest of civil sensing ➢ Extensive Dark Surface – Corresp- Remote Sensing based ondingMental slates humans. (even better than upon solar

worldview 3 with 31 radiation. NEW SPACE INDIA LIMITED (NSIL) cm resolution) ➢ Announced in budget 2019.

➢ Second commercial arm (after

ANTRIX) of to MISSION tap the benefits of the R & D carried ➢ Scheduled launch – 2026. out by ISRO. ➢ To reach in 2034. ➢ NSIL is a wholly owned Government ➢ Search for possibility of liquid water of India undertaking/ Central Public ➢ It is a Rotorcraft type rover– Can take Sector Enterprise (CPSE). off and land vertically. Major business areas of NSIL ➢ TITAN - ’s moon ➢ Production of Polar Satellite Launch (Second largest moon of solar system Vehicle (PSLV) and Small Satellite after Ganymede of Jupiter)

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Apollo 11 (50 Apollo 13 (50 years) ➢ It is the most distant region of our solar years) system. • 20th July • 11th April 1970 ➢ Oort Cloud is believed to be a giant 1969 • A successful spherical shell surrounding the rest of • First landing failure. the solar system. It is like a big, thick- of humans • 13 crew walled bubble made of icy pieces of on the members en space debris the sizes of mountains and Moon’s route to the sometimes larger. The Oort Cloud might contain billions, or even trillions, of surface. Moon were objects. • i) N returned safely

Armstrong after their 2I/BORISOV • ii) E Aldrin spacecraft ➢ Interstellar comment named by IAU developed a • iii) Michael ➢ 2I - 2nd interstellar object ever technical snag Collons discovered after “Omuamua” and exploded. (flew the ➢ 2I was discovered by Gennady command Borison from Crimea. module).

ORBIT ARROKOTH

Perigee- Nearest to earth (Orbital velocity maximum & minimum time of stay) ➢ In 2006 - Deep space exploration - Apogee- Farthest to earth (Orbital velocity New Horizon shuttle (58000 km/h) minimum & maximum time of stay) ➢ Trans Neptunian Orbit. 2 F = Gm1m2 = Fc = 푚푣 (Centripetal Force) ➢ On 1st January 2019, it goes past R2 푅 Neptune and reaches Kuiper belt ➢ Change in satellite’s height = Change ➢ In Kuiper Belt it found a binary joint in orbital speed. which was earlier called as Ultima ➢ Path of orbit is determined by Thule. eccentricity, inclination and Altitude. ➢ Now it has been officially renamed as Arrokoth. A. Eccentricity (e) Shape of the orbit (0 to 1) Note: e = 0 for circle KUIPER BELT e = 1 for ellipse ➢ A donut-shaped region of icy bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune.. B. Inclination ➢ Filled with Icy planetesimals. The angle of orbit in relation to Earth’s

Oort Cloud equator

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➢ Satellite orbiting around equator - Zero ➢ At an altitude of 35786 km from earth’s degree inclination surface, the revolution of satellite ➢ Satellite orbiting pole to pole - 90 becomes 24 hrs. degree inclination ➢ If above equator – Geostationary Sun synchronous Orbit - 90 to 97 ➢ If in an inclined plain – inclination Geosynchronous

C. ORBITAL ALTITUDE Lower Earth orbit (LEO) (Revolution in 90 to 100 min)

➢ All Remote Sensing satellites like Cartosat, Oceansat, Meghatropiques etc are sent to LEO.

➢ Most scientific satellites are near Earth ➢ Penultimate orbit to Geosynchronous orbit. orbit is called Geosynchronous Medium Earth orbit (MEO) Transfer Orbit (GTO)

➢ All GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO/Bydu Note: etc. Polar Satellite- ➢ For navigating 60o (3D location) you It is sent to LEO. need 4 satellites (Real time Revolves pole to pole. Positioning) Takes 99 minutes for one revolution. For 360o - 24 satellites are required ➢ At 26000 km - Time period becomes Sun Synchronous Orbit:- 12 hour. It has an inclination of 90 to 98 degrees. It always stays under the illuminated part. High eccentricity (0.722) & high Whenever the satellite crosses the earth, the inclination (63.4) local solar time on the ground is always same. Note: Scientific Satellites are sent to sun IRNSS (NAVIC) uses both Geostationary synchronous orbits. and Geosynchronous Orbit. Geostationary Satellites:- It is sent to Geosynchronous earth orbit (35780 km) with 0 degree inclination. So the satellite stays over the equator. All Geostationary satellites come under Geo- synchronous category. They have a revolution equal to Earth’s rotation i.e. 24 hrs. Phones, telecommunication, radio communication, DTH satellites etc are few examples.

HIGH EARTH ORBIT (HEO) ADITYA - L1 MISSION

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➢ ISRO’s 1st scientific exploration to study Sun’s Corona. During Convection the gases and charged particles get injected ↓ Charged particle escapes but gases get cooled and get heavier ↓ They fall back to the Chromosphere ↓ Reduce the temperature in Chromosphere (1500 to 2000o c) ↓ Cooler patches develop on it’s surface known as Sun spots (Mass1- Sun & Mass 2 – Earth) ↓ ➢ L1, L2, L3, L4,L5 are lagrange points. Solar flares are a sudden explosion of ➢ A Lagrange point is a location in energy caused by tangling, crossing or space where the combined reorganizing of magnetic field lines near gravitational forces of two large sunspots. (If Sun spots are bigger then Solar flares bodies, such as Earth and the sun or are also bigger) Earth and the moon, equal the

centrifugal force felt by a much smaller DWARF PLANET third body. Context: There is a claim for the 6th dwarf ➢ Under the mission one satellite planet Hygiea. payload will be placed at L1 point to There are officially five dwarf planets in our continuously observe the Sun. Solar System. ➢ Aditya L1 will be launched using PSLV Pluto was downgraded from the status of a XL with 7 payloads on board. planet to Dwarf Planet in 2006. Note: The International Astronomical Union sets Internal structure of the sun:- four criteria for a dwarf planet ➢ it orbits around the Sun, ➢ it is not a moon ➢ it has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit ➢ it have enough mass that its own gravity pulls it into a roughly spherical shape.

Note: Pluto 1. Revolving around Sun Yes 2. Spherical shape Yes 3. No celestrial body NO nearby its orbit

The Sun is composed primarily of the THIRTY METER TELESCOPE chemical elements hydrogen and helium. (largest ever) Four hydrogen nuclei combine to form one ➢ Optical telescope (based on light) helium atom. This is called nuclear fusion. (UV to IR spectrum)

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➢ Built at Mauna Kea, Hawaii ➢ He calculated the Chandrasekhar limit ➢ 12 time sharper than Hubble (1.44 times the mass of Sun) ➢ Collaboration between government Case 1: organisations and educational If the mass of a star is less than institutes of USA, India, China, 1.44 times mass of Sun. Canada & . Star→ White dwarf→ Black hole ➢ Indian government has approved Rs. Case 2: 1800 crore (Dept A E, Dept S&T). If the mass of star is greater than 1 2 3 BLACK HOLE 1.44 mass of Sun. ➢ Very high gravity and very high Star→ Supernova→ Neutron star(Pulsar) density. → Black hole ➢ A point in space where matter is so compressed as to create a gravity field from which even light cannot escape. Noble Prize is awarded in 6 fields ➢ Physics ➢ Coined by John Archibald Wheeler - ➢ Medicine/Physiology 1960 ➢ Chemistry ➢ Theorized by A. Einstein as early as ➢ Economics 1915. ➢ Literature ➢ Found at the center of the Galaxy. ➢ Peace ➢ Scientists at Event Horizon Telescope

project have released the first ever

image of the black hole recently. Note: ➢ It is Located in the centre of the • Neutron stars are formed when a Galaxy Messier 87 in the constellation massive star runs out of fuel and Virgo. collapses. The very central region of the star – the core – collapses, crushing LIFE OF A STAR (Stellar Evolution) together every and electron into a neutron. ➢ Stars are formed in clouds of gas and • Most neutron stars are observed as dust, known as nebulae. Pulsars. Pulsars are rotating neutron ➢ Nuclear reactions at the centre (or stars observed to have pulses of radiation core) of stars provides enough energy at very regular intervals that typically to make them shine brightly for many range from milliseconds to seconds. years. Proto Star ↓ SpaceX Dragon Matured Star The SpaceX Dragon, is a class of (e.g. Sun) reusable cargo spacecraft developed ↓ (Super Nova, Red giant) by SpaceX, an American private space Old Star transportation company. (2 types) On 2nd August, 2020 SpaceX’s Crew A. White Dwarf Dragon capsule brought back 2 NASA B. Black Dwarf astronautsfrom space. ➢ The exact lifetime of a star depends INDIA’S ACHIEVEMENTS IN SPACE very much on its size. SCIENCE ➢ Scientist Subramanyam

Chandrashekhar was awarded Nobel Brief History of Launchers in India in physics in 1983.

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1. SOUNDING ROCKETS ➢ Fuel- (UDMH + N2O4) Hypergolic

➢ LEO (Lower Earth Orbit) mixtureandN2O4 oxidizer. ➢ Series - 1975 (Indigenous) ➢ It uses the famous Vikas engine. ➢ M100, Russia - 70 kg ( up to 85 km ) 3rd stage 2. SLVSatellite Launch Vehicle – 1980’S Fuel – HTPB ➢ Under the leadership of APJ ➢ SLV-3 was successfully launched on 4th stage July 18, 1980 from Range Fuel - 25N Hydrazine + H2O4 when Rohini satellite, RS-1, was placed in orbit, thereby making India Note: the sixth member of an exclusive club PSLV comes in various variants like, of space-faring nations. PSLV- XL (6 strap-on boosters) ➢ SLV-3 (Most powerful)

Also used in Missile PSLV- CA (core alone)

system (no strap-on boosters) ➢ 4 stage - Solid propellants. PSLV-G ➢ LEO. PSLV- QL (4 strap-on boosters)

3. AUGMENTED SATELLITE LAUNCH GSLV VEHICLE (ASLV) ➢ Fourth generation three stage launch ➢ 5 stages (all-solid propellant vehicle). vehicle. ➢ LEO. 1st Stage 4. PSLV (The Workhorse of ISRO) It uses 2 Solid Motors strap-ons ➢ The PSLV can take up to 1,750 kg of (S200) payload to Sun-Synchronous Polar Fuel- HTPB Orbits of 600 km altitude.

➢ PSLV can also be used to launch 2nd Stage various satellites into Geosynchronous Liquid propellant stage (L-110) and Geostationary orbits with a It uses 2 Vikas engines payload of 1425 kg. (e.g. IRNSS Fuel- UDMH + N O series) 2 4 ➢ It has 4 stages. 3rd Stage 4th Stage- Liquid Propellant Cryogenic stage (C-25) 3rd Stage- Solid Propellant 2nd Stage- Liquid Propellant Fuel- LOX + LH2 1st Stage- Solid Propellant GSLV MK-III 1st stage (S139) ➢ 4 Tonne upto GSO/GTO 36000 km ➢ 10 Tonne upto - LEO ➢ Fuel - HTPB (Hydroxyl-terminated ➢ Heaviest ever built by India polybutadiene) ➢ It launched the Chandrayaan-2 ➢ Case is made using - Maraging Steel spacecraft. (Fe + Ni )

➢ Most powerful and heaviest booster of the world. CRYOGENIC ➢ Cryo - Freezing cold ( temperature o 2ndstage below -150 to -273 C)

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Search of water (liquid form) and life. CRYOGENIC ENGINE (ELECTRMOPHING Exploration of Universe BALL TECHNOLOGY) Fuel - Liquid hydrogen (-253oC required) Oxidizer – Liquid Oxygen (-186oC (India's private telescope) required) GSLV - 1st - 2005 (Failed) ➢ In 2015 GSLV - MK II (Successful) ➢ Multiwavelength space observatory ➢ 1513 kg @ 650 km (LEO) ELECTRO MORPHING BALL TECHNOLOGY ➢ PSLV C30 It regulates the temperature of cryogenic ➢ Lifespan of 5 years engine and does not let the fuel temperature to rise Payloads UV imaging telescope Chandrayaan 1 Large area x-ray proportion counter Cadmium zinc Telluride imager ➢ 2018 from SDSC ( Soft area x-ray telescope Space Center) ➢ Launched using PSLV (XL) CHANDRAYAAN 2 ➢ 6th country to reach Moon indigenously. By GSLV MK3 - 22 July 2019 ➢ Mapping of Moon’s Minerals Terrain, Water, Life, Atmosphere etc. 3 parts ➢ with Indian flag. I.Orbitor (1400 kg) ➢ Moon’s south pole, Shackleton crater II. Vikram Lander ➢ Mission ended in 2009 (earlier than III.Pragyan Rover planned) Total Weight - 2650 kg ➢ Budget 380 crore ( 11 payloads) (384000 km distance) ➢ 95% successful ➢ 50% of total mineral mapped (Ca, Mg, 6 Payloads Titanium, Fe etc.) ➢ Large area soft x-ray spectrometer ➢ 90% of Moon's surface area mapped ➢ Solar x ray monitor ➢ Found water in the south pole of moon ➢ Infrared imaging spectrometer in ice form. ➢ L and S band synthetic Aperture (In August 2018 PNAS journal Radar published the same) ➢ Neutral Mass spectrometer ➢ Terrain mapping camera

EMISAT (1ST APR, 2019) (MOM) ➢ Defence satellite ➢ PSLV C25 (XL variant) (6 strapon ➢ Electronic intelligence satellite motors) (EMISAT) ➢ Cost 450 crore ➢ The satellite was successfully placed ➢ 1350 kg (from SDSC) in its intended Sun Synchronous Polar ➢ 4th Nation to reach Mars after US, Orbit of 748 km height by PSLV C45 Russia and Europe. (PSLV QL variant with 4 strapon ➢ Objectives: – booster)

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➢ It will assist the Defence personnel by radar (SAR) can take pictures of the monitoring the Radars and the earth both during day and night Sensors on the border irrespective of the cloud condition. Note: ➢ Satellite will provide services in the PSLV C45 successfully placed a total of field of Agriculture, Forestry and 29 satellites including EMISAT at different Disaster management. altitudes (big achievements) (47th flight of PSLV and 1st flight of QL ➢ It has a life of 5 years. variant of PSLV) Note: PSLV C37 (15 February 2017) RISAT SERIES OF REMOTE SENSING ➢ 104 satellites launched in one go SATELLITES (highest ever) ➢ 96 from USA (First all-weather earth observation satellites from ISRO) ➢ 3 from India

➢ One each from , Netherland, ➢ 5 years life. Switzerland, Kazakhstan and UAE ➢ RISAT series has 4 satellites. ➢ 1377 kg ➢ Indian version of Israel’s TecSAR. ➢ Useful under dense cloud or night PSLV C48 conditions. (PSLV QL) (4 strap on boosters) ➢ It was launched post the Mumbai ➢ 50th launch terror attack(26/11) ➢ India's advanced radar imaging Earth ➢ RISAT-II & CARTOSAT-II observation satellites RISAT - 2BR1 satellites assisted in the surgical strike. ➢ It also injected othe satellites from

Japan, , Israel and USA

➢ This was the 75th launch vehicle CARTOSAT - 3 (March 2019) mission from Satish Dhawan Space ➢ PSLV C47 (PSLV- XL variant) Centre, Sriharikota ➢ (13 commercial satellite were also sent ➢ It was launched under commercial along with CARTOSAT 3) arrangements with New Space India ➢ It was the first commercial order for Limited (NSIL) NSIL.

➢ are Earth observation RISAT 2BR1 remote sensing satellites, which will (Radio Imaging Remote Sensing Satellite) replace Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) ➢ 628 kg series. ➢ Placed into LEO at an altitude of 576 ➢ So far 8 CARTOSAT have been sent km with an inclination of 37 degree. since 2005 ➢ This is an Indian version of Israel's ➢ For studying GIS/LIS (Geographic Info TecSAR satellite System / Land Info System) with radial rib 37o ➢ 25 cm resolution (World’s best) reflector 3.6 ➢ “Sharpest eye“ of civil Remote meter mesh Sensing satellite in the world antenna. ➢ Lifespan 3 to 5 year ➢ RISAT 2BR1 is basically a radar ➢ 9th satellite update CARTOSAT series imaging Earth observation satellite carrying and X band synthetic aperture

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➢ Only Government and government ➢ The satellite will augment the KU-band authorised agency can access high transponder capacity in Geostationary resolution image below 1 meter Orbit ➢ Objective - Urban planning, rural ➢ Indian mainland and Island coverage resources, infrastructure development, ➢ 2536 kg coastal land use and land cover etc. ➢ Mission life 15 years GSAT - 30 (17th January 2020) ➢ Orbit GTO (Geosynchronous Orbit ) ➢ Launched by 5 VA247 from ➢ Communication satellite. Kourou launch base, French Guiana ➢ They were earlier called INSAT series. ➢ As the satellites are placed in GTO/ PSLV - C44 (Jan 24, 2019) , so they are ➢ Successfully Injected Microset-R and renamed as GSATs. Kalamsat-V2 microsatellites into their ➢ Launched from French Guiana (Kar by respective their Orbits. Aniave - 5 VA 251)

➢ GSAT 30 will replace INSAT 4A Microset-R - Imaging satellite (274 km ➢ Operational life 15 years NEO) ➢ The Satellite provides Indian mainland Kalamsat V2 – Designed by a student and Island average in KU-band and named Harifat Shahrukh to use PS4 extended coverage in C-band covering as an orbital platform Gulf countries a large number of Asian countries and . GSLV P11/ GSAT 7A

➢ 3357 kg ➢ Communication satellite

➢ GSLV fleet RISAT - 2B (May 2019) ➢ 13th flight of GSLV

➢ 2250 kg ➢ PSLV C46 (PSLV CA type) (No solid ➢ Carrying communication transponder strap on booster) in Ku-band ➢ Used in the Surgical Strike (RISAT-2)

➢ Active Remote Sensing using GSAT II (5th December 2018) microwaves ➢ 615 kg ➢ Heaviest satellite built by ISRO 5854 ➢ Radar imaging Earth observation kg satellite ➢ Vital role in providing broadband ➢ Communication C-band services across the country ➢ The satellite intends to provide service ➢ After being placed in GTO the Master to Agriculture, Forestry and Disaster Control Facility (MCF) at Hassan took management over the control of GSAT-11 ➢ Also Border Security ➢ MCFs are located at (i) Hassan (ii) (GIS - Geographical Information Bhopal (iii) Hyderabad System) ➢ Launched by Ariane-5VA-246 from (LIS - Land Information System) Kourou, French Guiana ➢ RISAT series has 4 satellites ➢ The satellite can generate a power of

13.6 kW GSAT - 31 (6th February 2019)

➢ Telecommunication satellite HysIS Mission ➢ (PSLV C43) ( 29th November 2018)

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➢ Hyper spectral Imaging Satellite ➢ One of the seven satellites (HysIS) malfunction due to failure of atomic ➢ Visible near Infra Red and short wave clock therefore IRNSS – 1I was Infra Red (VNIR & SWIR) launched. ➢ Atomic clock : Rubidium clock VIBGYOR ➢ January 2020: Snapdragon to develop processor chips that support NAVIC. Wavelength Increasing

PSLV C40 / CARTOSAT 2 ( 2017)

➢ Agriculture, Forestry, Geological, ➢ Remote Sensing satellite for LIS and Coastal, Inland remote sensing. GIS. ➢ All the Remote Sensing satellites are GSLV MK III D2 / GSAT 29 launched in Lower Earth - Sun (14th November 2018) Earlier names ➢ Communication satellite IRS – Remote sensing ➢ 3423 kg Multibeam, multiband, INSAT - Communication communication satellite synchronous Orbits. ➢ This is the heaviest satellite launched ➢ Cartosat series has 8 satellites. from India. ➢ Cartosat 3 is the latest one to be ➢ It carries ka/ku band throughout launched in March 2019. communication transponder which ➢ Cartosat 2 alongwith RISAT 2 was bridges the digital divide of users used in surgical Strike. including those in Jammu and Kashmir

Ladakh and North East India. GSLV F09 / GSAS 9 ➢ An optical communication payload (like in optical fibre) is used for the first ➢ launched into GTO time for data transmission (Earlier by GSLV other electromagnetic waves were ➢ Weight 2230 kg. used) ➢ A gift to South Asian countries. (Space diplomacy) PSLV C42 ( 16 September 2018) MEGHATROPIQUES / PSLV C18 ( ➢ Launched 2 foreign Earth observation 2011) satellites namely NovaSAR and S1-4 of . ➢ Indo-French joint satellite mission for ➢ Sun synchronous Orbit studying the water cycle and energy (satellite is always oriented towards exchanges in the tropics. the daylight @ 90 to 97 degree ➢ The main objective is to understand iinclination in the LEO) the life cycle of the convective system that influence their tropical weather PSLV C41 / IRNSS 1I (12th April and climate and their role in 2018) ➢ IRNSS - Constellation of seven associated energy and moisture satellites (3 geostationary and 4 budget of the atmosphere in tropical geosynchronous) region ➢ This is India's Regional Navigation ➢ Mass 1000 kg 867 km altitude and 20 Satellite System, also called as degree inclination. NAVIC.

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ISRO’S UPCOMING MISSIONS ➢ X POSOT - To study the cosmic radiation - 2021 ➢ Aditya L1 - Sun solar Corona - 2021 ➢ – 2022 ➢ Gaganayan - 2022 ➢ Venus mission - 2023 ➢ Lunar Polar Exploration or Chandrayaan 3 - 2024 ➢ Exo Worlds an exploration outside the solar system – 2022

(Image of GSLV MK III)

(Image of a Black hole)

(Image of SpaceX’s Dragon capsule) The capsule’s historic splash down on Aug 2, 2020 brought 2 NASA astronauts to Earth.

(Image of a Pulsar)

(Image of International Space Station)

Best Wishes

(Image of Hubble Space Telescope)

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ECONOMICS

The Growth of Indian A closer look of the problems agriculture in the path of Struggle with challenges Lets start by looking more closely to the problem. .Since most of the cultivable land

in India is farmed and the demand for food The Ex- Lal Bahadur grains is ever increasing, raising the Shastri once famously proclaimed “Jai productivity per unit of land is most needed Jawan Jai Kisan”. Today even we hold our right now, Jawan, the soldiers in high esteem the condition of the farmer in India is deplorable. Agriculture may today Small and fragmented land contribute to only 15% of GDP compared to holding 42% it did in 1960, but it is primary service of livelihood for about 58% of India's The seemingly abundance of net shown population. India is among the top 15 area of 141.2 million hectares and total exporter of agriculture producers in the cropped area of 189.7 million hectare world and the total agriculture export from actually is insignificant when you see that it India stand at a hopping 38.21 billion dollar is divided and economically unviable. Small in the fiscal year 2018. The Indian food and and Scattered holding the average size of grocery market is the world's sixth largest holding was 2.28 hectare in 1971 was while the Indian food processing industry reduced into 1.50 hectares in 1995-96. The accounts for 32% of the world's total food problems of Small and fragmented Holdings market. is more serious in densely populated and intensively cultivated states like Kerala, During 2017-18 crop year rice and West Bengal, Bihar, Eastern UP where wheat production in the country was average size of land holding is even less estimated at 111.52 million tonnes and than 0.8 hectare 98.61 million tonnes respectively while food grain production was estimated of 279.51 Rajasthan with vast sandy stretches and million tonne in the same period. India is Nagaland with prevailing “Jhum” also the second largest fruit producer in the cultivation” have larger average size of world while the production of horticulture holding of 4 and 7.15 hectares respectively. crops is estimated at a record 307.16 million States having higher percentage of net tonne in 2017-18. India is largest producer, shown area like Punjab, Haryana have consumer and exporter of spices and their holding size above national average. It is product with Spice export from India shocking to note that a large proportional reaching 31 billion dollar in 2017-18. Tea 59% of holding were marginal and other exports from India have reached a 36 year 19% were small holding (1-2 hectare) taking high of 240.68 million kg while coffee export of 17.3% of the total operated area. Large reached record 395000 tonne in 2017-18. holding (> 10 hectare) accounted for only However major problems ranging from lack 1.6% of total holding. The main reason of of support for farmers to lack of facilities in this sad state of affair is the absence of infrastructure and units of procurement and proper inheritance laws. Different tracks ineffective storage plague the agriculture have different level of fertility and are to be industry in India. distributed accordingly. Subdivision and

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fragmentation of holding is one of the main for growth in agriculture. The role of seed causes of low Productivity. A lot of time industry is not only to produce adequate and labour is wasted in moving seeds quantity of quality seeds but also to achieve ,manure implement and cattle from one varietal diversity to suit various agro climatic piece of land to another. Irrigation becomes Zones of the country . difficult on such small and fragmented fields. Further a lot of fertile area is wasted Indian seeds programme largely addressed in making boundaries. The only answer to to limited generation system for seed this ticklish problem is consolidation of multiplication. The system recognizes three holdings which means the reallocation of kind of generation namely breeder, holding but unfortunately this plan has not foundation and certified seeds. Breeder succeeded much. Although legislation in seed is the basic seed and 1st in seed this area has been enacted by almost all the production. Foundation seed is the 2nd states, It has been actually implemented in stage in seed production chain and is the Punjab, Haryana and in some parts of UP. progeny of breeder seed. Certified seed is Consolidation of about 45 million holdings the ultimate stage in seed production and is has been done till 1990-91. The other the progeny of foundation seed. Production solution to this problem is cooperative of breeder and foundation seeds and farming in which the farmers pool their certified seed distribution have gone up at resources and share profit. Though in some an annual average rate of 3.4 % 7.5 % and areas Agriculture co-operative farming 9.5 % respectively between 2001-2 to have shown tremendous results like white 2005-06. revolution in Gujrat ,Still it has not been introduced in other sectors of farming . Manure, Fertilizers and Biocides

AGRICULTURE Seeds Indian soils have been used in growing crops over thousands of years without Seed is a critical and basic input for caring much for replenishment. This has led attaining higher crop yield and sustained to depletion & exhaustion of soil, resulting in growth in agriculture , unfortunately good their low productivity. The average yield of quality seeds are out of reach of the almost all the crops are amongst the lowest majority of farmers because of exorbitant in the world. This is a serious problem which price. To solve this problem The can be solved by using more manure and Government of India established the fertilizers. It has been estimated that about National Seeds Corporation (NSC) in 70% of growth in Agricultural production 1963 and State Farmers Corporation of can be attributed to increased fertilizer India (SFCI) in 1969. 13 state Seed application. However there are practical Corporation were also established to difficulties in providing sufficient manure augment the supply of improved seeds to and fertilizers in all parts of the country as the farmers. High Yielding Variety India is inhabited by poor peasants. Cow Programmed (HYVP) was launched in dung provides the best manure to the soils. 1966-67 as a major thrust Plan to increase But the availability of cow dung is limited. the productivity. The Indian seed industry Chemical fertilizers are costly and are often had exhibited impressive growth in the past beyond the reach of the poor farmers. and is expected to provide further potential Hence The fertilizer problem is both acute and complex. It has been felt that organic

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manures are essential for keeping the soil However Care must be taken to safeguard in good health. The country has potential of against iII effects of over irrigation 650 million tons of rural and 160 lakh tones especially in areas irrigated by canals. of urban compost which is not fully utilized. Large track of Punjab and Haryana have The utilization of this potential will solve the been showing salinity due to water logging. twin problem of disposal of waste and In the Indira Gandhi canal command area providing manures to the soil. Due to of intensive irrigation has led to sharp rise in government subsidy and due to change in subsoil water level leading to water logging, the attitude of some progressive farmers, soil salinity and alkalinity. the consumption of fertilizers increased tremendously. In order to maintain quality of Lack of mechanisation the fertilizer, 52 fertilizer quality control In spite of large scale mechanization of laboratory have been set up in different agriculture in some part of the country, most parts of the country. In addition to this there of the agricultural operations in larger parts is one Central fertilizer quality control and are carried on by human hand using simple training institute at Faridabad with three and conventional tools and implements like regional centers at Mumbai, Kolkata and wooden plough, sickle, etc. Chennai. Little or no use of machines is made in Pests, germs and weeds cause heavy loss ploughing, sowing, irrigating, thinning and to the corp which amounted to about 1 of the 3 pruning, weeding, harvesting, threshing and total field produced at the time of transporting the crops. This is specially the independence. Biocides are used to save case with small and marginal farmers. It crops and to avoid losses. But the results in huge wastage of human labour indiscriminate use of biocides has resulted and in low yields in per capita labour force. in wide spread environmental pollution There is urgent need to mechanize the which takes its own troll. agricultural operations so that wastage of labour force is avoided and farming is made Irrigation convenient and efficient. Agricultural implements and machinery are crucial input for efficient and timely agricultural Although India is the second largest operations, facilitating multiple cropping irrigated country in the world after China, and thereby increasing production. only 1 of the cropped area is under 3 irrigation. It is the most important agricultural input in a tropical monsoon Some progress has been made for country India where rainfall is uncertain, mechanising agriculture in India after unreliable and eratic. India cannot achieve independence, need for mechanization was sustained progress in agriculture unless specially felt with the advent of Green revolution in 1960. Strategies and and until more than 1 of the cropped area is 2 programmes have been directed towards brought under assured irrigation. replacement of traditional and inefficient This is testified by the success story of implements by improved ones ,enabling the agriculture progress in Punjab, Haryana & farmer to own Tractors, Power Tiller, Western UP, where over half of the cropped Harvester and other machines. area is under irrigation. Large tracts still A large industrial base for manufacturing await irrigation to boost the agriculture of the Agricultural machines has also been output. developed. Power availability for carrying

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out various agricultural operations has been situation arises due to the inability of the increased to reach a level of 14 kw per poor farmers to wait for long after harvesting hectare in 2003-04 from only 0.3 kw per their crops. hectare in 1971-72. In order to meet his commitments and This increase was the result of pay his debt, the poor farmer is forced to increasing use of Tractor, Power Tiller and sale the produce at whatever price is combine Harvester, irrigation Pumps and offered to him. The rural credit survey report other power operated machine. The share rightly remarked that the producer in of mechanical and electrical power has general sell their produce at an unfavorable increased from 40 % in 1971 to 84% in time and usually they get unfavorable 2003-04. terms. Uttar Pradesh recorded the highest In the absence of an organized average sale of tractors during the five year marketing structure, private trader and period ending 2003-04 and West Bengal middleman dominant marketing and trading recorded the highest average sales of of Agricultural produce. The remuneration Power Tiller during the same period. of the services provided by the middle man Strenuous efforts are being made to increases the load on the consumer encourage farmers to adopt technically although the producer does not derive advanced Agricultural equipments in order similar benefits. to carry farm operations timely and Many market survey have revealed precisely and to economize the agricultural that middleman take away about 48% of the production process. price of rice, 52% of the price of ground nuts and 60% of the price of potatoes offered by Soil erosion consumers. Large tracts of fertile land suffered from soil In order to save the farmer from the erosion by wind and water. This area must clutches of the money lenders and the be properly treated and restored to its middleman, the government has come out original fertility. which regulated markets. These market generally introduce a system of competitive Agricultural marketing buying help in eradicating malpractices ensure the use of standardized weights and Agricultural marketing still continues to be in measures and evolve suitable machinery a bad shape in rural India. In the absence of for settlement of disputes thereby ensuring sound marketing facilities the farmers have that the producers are not subjected to to depend upon local traders and exploitation and receive remunerative middlemen for the disposal of their farm prices. produce which is sold at throw-away price.

In most cases these farmers are forced under socio-economic conditions to carry Inadequate storage facilities on distress sale of their produce. In most of small villages Farmers sale their produce to Storage facilities in the rural area are either the money lender from whom they usually totally absent or grossing inadequate. borrow money. Under such conditions the farmers are According to one estimate 85% of wheat compelled to sell their produce immediately and 75% off of oil seeds in Uttar Pradesh, after the harvest and the prevailing market 90% of jute in West Bengal, 70% of oil price which are very low. This distress sale seeds and 35% of cotton in Punjab is sold deprives the farmer of their legitimate by farmers in the villages itself .Such a income.

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The Parse committee estimated the post that there is a steady increase in the flow of harvest losses at 9.3% of which nearly 6.6% institutional credit to the farmers. occur due to poor storage condition alone. Scientific storage is therefore very The current government has taken many essential to avoid losses and to benefit the good steps in all this respects like issuing farmers and the consumer alike. soil health card to keep a tab on the health At present there are a number of agencies of the soil. The designation of agriculture engage in warehousing and storage ministry as the Agricultureand farmer’s activities. The FCI, the Central welfare ministry has brought to the fore the Warehousing Corporation (CWC) & state idea that keeping farmers welfare is warehousing Corporation are among the important for agricultural progress. It is a Principal agencies in this task. These step further to include sustainable agencies help in building of buffer stock, community / family interest as well albeit for which can be used in the hour of need. that a sizable amount of dialogue will be Central government is also implementing needed to be done with the rural the schemes for establishment of national development ministry. They say India's soul grid of rural godowns since 1979-80. resides in her village’s and Agriculture still sustains most of our rural populace given Inadequate transport this reality the path seems clear. All we One of the main handicaps with Indian need now is a clear political will and action. agriculture is the lack of cheap and efficient means of transportation. Most of the roads in the rural areas are kutcha and become useless in Rainy season. Linking each village by metaled Road is a gigantic task and it needs huge sums of money to complete task. Govt. is also very much proactive in building there road infrastructure and connecting villages .

Scarcity of capital

The role of capital input is becoming more and more important with advancement of farm Technology. Since the agriculturist’s Seed Drilling Machine capital is locked up in his hand and stocks he is obliged to borrow money for stimulating the tempo of Agricultural production. The main supplier of money are the money lenders, traders, commission Best Wishes agents who charge high rate of interest and purchase the agricultural produce at very low price. Even today after the expansion of rural credit by the banks still these money landers are the single largest contributor of the agricultural credit. But the silver lining is

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IAS MOCK TEST

(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only 1. Consider the following statements (c) 1 and 3 only (d) All of the above regarding the ParivarPehchanPatraYojana. 5. Which of the following country is/are 1. It has been launched by Ministry of signatory to the Treaty on the Non- Home Affairs as an extension to proliferation of nuclear weapons ( NPT ) the Aadhar UID. 2. It is to be mandatory for families 1. availing benefits under union 2. government scheme. 3.

Which of the statements given above (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only is/are correct (c) 1 and 3 only (d) All of the above (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 & 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 6. The program for international student assessment (PISA) it is an initiative of 2. Consider the following statements which of the following organization / regarding the Ammonium Nitrate institution. (NH4NO3) 1. It has utility in making explosive (a) United Nations Educational Scientific and fertilizers. and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 2. It does not burn on its own but (b) Organization for economic acts as a source of oxygen that cooperation and development (OECD) can accelerate the combination (c) Save the Children found of other materials (d) Oxford University

Which of the statements given above 7. Consider the following statement is/are correct regarding the women Entrepreneurship (a) 1 only (b) 2 only and empowerment (WEE) initiative. (c) Both 1 & 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1. It is an initiative of the ministry of women and child development. 3. The Bru tribal community is a native of 2. It promotes entrepreneurship as which following state a viable fulfilling career option (a)Tripura (b) Kerala among college going female (c) Sikkim (d) Odisha student.

4. Which of the following states produce Which of the statements given above GI-tag Basmati rice in India is/are correct (a) 1 only (b) 2 only 1. Punjab (c) Both 1 & 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 2. Uttarakhand 3. Madhya Pradesh 8. Consider the following statements regarding the financial action task force Select the correct answer using the (FATF) codes given below

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1. It was established by group of 2. It aims at creation of an seven (G7) Summit ecosystem to Foster innovation 2. It is the Global money and technology development in laundering and terrorist financing defence and Aerospace in India watchdog 3. India is a member Jurisdiction of Which of the statements given above FATF is/are correct (a) 1 only (b) 2 only Which of the statements given above (c) Both 1 & 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 is/are correct (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only 12. Consider the following statements (c) 1 and 3 only (d) All of the above regarding the purchasing managers index (PMI) 9. Consider the following statements 1. It is a survey best economic regarding YuvaSahakar Scheme indicators that evaluates the 1. It is being implemented by perception of purchasing National Cooperative manager at different business Development Corporation 2. A figure above 50 denotes (NCDC) expansion in business activity 2. It aims to encourage cooperative societies to venture into new and Which of the statements given above innovative areas is/are correct (a) 1 only (b) 2 only Which of the statements given above (c) Both 1 & 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 is/are correct (a) 1 only (b) 2 only 13. Which of the following Island(s) is/are (c) Both 1 & 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep

10. Consider the following statements 1. Agatti Island regarding the COVI SHIELD 2. Bangaram Island 1. It is an antiviral Textile 3. Kadmat Island technology that is added to the fabric during the final stage of Select the correct answer using the the manufacturing process codes given below 2. It has been developed by the Oxford University (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) All of the above Which of the statements given above is/are correct 14. Which of the following correctly (a) 1 only (b) 2 only defines the China study group (CSG) (c) Both 1 & 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 that has been in news recently (a) An informal group under 11. Consider the following statements Government of India regarding the innovative for defence (b) An economic policy group among excellence (IDEX) framework OECD members countries 1. It is an initiative of the H ITI (c) A group of democracy proposed by Aayog Atal innovation mission United Kingdom (d) None of the above

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15. Which of the following foreign (a) It aims to popularize science among language(s) is/are to be offered at the school students of standard VI to XI secondary level under the National (b) It links higher education institutions Educational Education Policy 2020 with different villages in the country (c) It is an IIT-IISC initiative to address 1. Japanese the major science and engineering 2. Mandarin challenges facing India 3. Portuguese (d) None of the above

Select the correct answer using the 20. Consider the following statements codes given below regarding the Smart India Hackathon (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (SIH) 2020 (c) 1 and 3 only (d) All of the above 1. SIH 2020 Ii the the first edition of 16. Consider the following statement the Nationwide initiative to regarding the Dhole wild dog provide students a platform of product innovation 1. It is endemic to Asian continent 2. SIH is being conducted in two 2. It is listed as endangered in the formats the SIH software and IUCN red list SIH hardware edition

Which of the statements given above Which of the statements given above is/are correct is/are correct (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 & 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) Both 1 & 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

17. Consider the following statements regarding the BeiDou

1. It is the satellite navigation system of China 2. The area of coverage of Beidou system is Limited to China's territory only Which of the statements given above is/are correct (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 & 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

18. Where is Barakah Nuclear Power Plant located (a) Iran (b) North Korea Last One day of Legend MS Dhoni (c) Russia (d) UAE Ind vs NZ World cup Semi-final 2019

19. Which of the following is correct regarding the Vidyarthi Vigyan Manthan (VVM) ?

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ANSWERS

Haryana, Uttarakhand, Western UP ( 26 1 d 6 b 11 b 16 c districts) and Delhi. 2 c 7 b 12 c 17 a • MP has been demanding inclusion of it’s 3 a 8 d 13 d 18 d 13 district in the GI tag. 4 a 9 c 14 a 19 a 5. 5 a 10 b 15 c 20 b • Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear

Weapons (NPT) objective to prevent the EXPLANATION spread of nuclear weapons and weapons 1. Technology to promote co-operation in • ParivarPehchan Patra Yojana is a unique the Peaceful uses of nuclear energy initiative of government of Haryana. disarmament and general and complete • Allotted on 8 digit Unique Identification disarmament. number • The Treaty establishes safeguards • It is mandatory in order to avail the system under the responsibility of the benefits of social security schemes of the international atomic energy agency state government. (IAEA) 2. • Four UN member states never signed • Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3) is a crystal the Treaty India, Israel, Pakistan and like white solid which is made in large South Sudan industrial quantities. 6. • It’s major use is as a source of Nitrogen • Program for international student for Fertilizer and also used to create assessment (PISA) is the OECD’s explosive of mining. program for international student • At high temperatures it can voluntarily assessment. decompose on its own. • PISA measures 15 years old ability to 3. use their reading, mathematics and • The Brus, also known as Reangs are Science knowledge and skills to meet in spread across Tripura, Mizoram and real life challenge. South Assam states in India. • Begin in the year 2000 and the PISA test • Their clashes with the majority mizos in is held every 3 years 1995 led to the demand for the removal • Next PISA, which was due in 2021 but of Brus From Mizoram’s electoral rolls. has been postponed to 2022 • This led to an armed moment by Bru 7. outfit • Women Entrepreneurship and • They retaliatory ethnic violence saw more Empowerment (WEE) is a first of WS than 40000 Brus feeling to adjoining kind social National initiative by IIT Delhi Tripura. strengthen women startup ecosystem. 4. • The initiative is supported by Department • In 2010, APEDA, statutory body under of Science and Technology, Government the ministry of commerce got GI tag of India certification for the Basmati rice grown in • Under the WWE mentorship program at region located in Indo-Gangetic plains IIT Delhi a batch of 30 women is trained (IGP) below the foothills of the Himalayas in entrepreneurship every 6 months. spread across 7 States HP, J&K, PB, 8.

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• The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) • The most common elements include new was established in July 1889 by a group orders, factory output, Employment, of seven (G-7) summit in Paris. Initially to Suppliers, delivery times and stocks of examine and develop measures to purchase. combat money laundering. • A reading above 50 suggests an • In 2001, the FATF expanded its mandate improvement / expansion while a reading to incorporate efforts to combat terrorist below 50 suggests deterioration / financing. contraction. • The FATF currently comprises 37 13. members jurisdiction. • Agatti island is a 7.6 km long island 9. situated on a coral Aggati a toll in • The national Cooperative Development Lakshadweep. Corporation (NCDC) YuvaSahakar • Bangaram is a teardrop shaped Island cooperative Enterprise support and close to Agatti and Kavaratti in innovation scheme aims for attracting Lakshadweep. youth into Cooperative business • Kadmat island also known as Cardamom Ventures. island is a Coral island belonging to the • The scheme is linked to Rs 1000 crore Amindivi subgroup of islands of the Cooperative startup and innovation fund Lakshadweep. (CSIF) created by NCDC. 14. 10. • The China Study Group (CSG) is an • COVISHIELD is a potential vaccine informal group constituted in 1997 against SARS-Cov 2 virus that has been comprising the Cabinet Secretary, granted approval for Phase 2 and 3 Secretaries of Defence and Home clinical trials in India by Drugs Controller minister they Army chief, Director of General of India (DCGI) Intelligence Bureau among the others. • It is the Ch AdoX1n Cov-19 vaccine • The CSG usually monitors India-China developed by Oxford University. The border, asses its management and head serum Institute of India partner pin preparations for negotiations with introduction of the vaccine has named China on board questions. the product as COVISHIELD. 15. 11. • As per the National Education Policy • The Innovations for Defence Excellence 2020 in addition to high quality offering in (IDEX) framework is an initiative of the Indian languages and English, Foreign ministry of defence. languages such as Korean, Japanese, • It was launched with the aim to achieve Thai, French, German, Spanish, self-reliance and to Foster innovation and Portuguese and Russian will also be offer technology development in defence and at the secondary level. Aerospace sector by engaging industries 16. including MSMES, startups individual • Dhole is the wild dog of Asia. innovator, R&D and A cademia. • It is an extant species in , • IDEX is being funded and managed by a , Cambodia, China, India, defence innovation organisation (DIO). Indonesia, Lao people's Democratic 12. Republic, Malaysia, , and • The purchasing managers index (PMI) is Thailand. an economic indicator and services • Dhole is listed as endangered species in purchasing manager at businesses that IUCN Red List threatened species make up a given sector. 27

which decreasing population trend. It also listed in CITES Appendix-II. 17. • BeiDou is the Navigation satellite system constellation developed and deployed by China. • BeiDou system provides Global coverage to its users. China in 2015 launched the third generation BeiDou system (BeiDou- 3) for global coverage. It has recently declared completion and commission of BeiDou-3 of Navigation satellite system. 18. • The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has recently announced that it has started

operations in the fast of four reactors at Kozhikode Air India Plane Crash the Barakh Nuclear Power Station - the WITH BEST WISHES first nuclear plant in the Arab world. • Nuclear Fission has began in one of four Best Wishes reactors at the Barakh plant, which uses South Korean Technology. The plant was due to open in 2017 but startup was delayed for safety requirements. 19. • Vidyarthi Vigyan Manthan 2020-21 has been launched recently. • VVM National programme for popularizing science among school students of standard VI to XI. • VVM is an initiative of Vinan a Bharati (VIBHA) in collaboration with vigyanprasar an autonomous organisation under Department of Science and Technology, GIO 20. • Smart India Hackathon (SIH) is a nationwide initiative conducted every year since 2017 to provide students a

platform to solve some of the pressing Rank 33, OCS Exam - 2018 problem with we face in daily lives and thus inculcate a culture of product Innovation and a mind set of problem solving. • There are two formats of the Hackathon - SIH software and SIH Hardware.

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Compiled by Debashis