DOCSLIB.ORG

Security in Outer Space

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Security in Outer Space In collaboration with the Europe-India Space Cooperation: Policy, Legal and Business Perspectives from India Report 69 April 2019 Marco Aliberti Narayan Prasad (Eds.) Europe-India Space Cooperation: Policy, Legal and Business Perspectives From India Short title: ESPI Report 69 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print), 2076-6688 (online) Published in April 2019 Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute, ESPI Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel. +43 1 7181118-0; Fax -99 Rights reserved – No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “Source: ESPI Report 69; April 2019. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: Panthera.cc ESPI Report 69 2 April 2019 Europe-India Space Cooperation: Policy, Legal and Business Perspectives From India Foreword As one of the first nations to foray into outer space, India’s choice of tailoring the exploration of space to benefit its society led to several inventive solutions relying on space-based infrastructure to address socio-economic problems. The utility of satellites and rockets for social good is increasingly generating interest around the world. India stands as a role model for the international community to look up to for its ability to leverage space technology as a modern tool enhancing the welfare of citizens, the protection of nature and the quality of governance, as well as expanding the scientific horizon. India is a prime example of how developing countries’ sustained investments in space tech- nology can create a multidimensional scientific institution which can catalyse the local economy and pay long-term dividends. The diversification of the Indian space programme into the exploration of the solar system and be- yond, and the development of technologies for human exploration of the universe provide new pivots to enhance cooperation and share common objectives, particularly in complex high-technology space science and human spaceflight missions. We in France have had a longstanding relationship with India in space activities over the last 50 years. The sheer number of agreements and activities over the past five decades is unparalleled and has made France one of India’s most reliable and dependable partners in space. And our most recent agreements bode well for the future. The India-France Joint Vision for Space Cooperation has iden- tified new avenues of cooperation in different areas including Earth observation satellites, space science missions, space situational awareness, human exploration, satellite navigation and space transportation systems. Our cooperation with India has evolved into one of the most mature inter- national partnerships that France has with any spacefaring nation in the world. I believe there is an increasing need for the space community to work together to provide tools to tackle global challenges such as climate change, which stand to disrupt the functioning of societies across the world as an impending threat to human survival itself. India’s frugal innovation in space can provide inspiration and increased impetus to working together in tackling sustainable develop- ment problems in all societies around the world. India is also an important partner in addressing international issues of common importance including space security, safety and sustainability. The European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) and Observer Research Foundation’s (ORF) initiative to create a platform to take stock of developments in the Indian space programme and provide insights for policymakers in Europe to expand the scope of cooperation between the two sides is commend- able. I believe that such discourse will provide national and international experts with highly relevant analyses in the context of future developments of space activities. This report gives insights by providing a glimpse into the most recent developments in India’s space programme. The chapters cover a broad range of topics including the roadmap of India’s space missions, the emergence of local industry and NewSpace, space policy, space security, the status of cooperation with Europe, and cyber security applied to space. Each chapter delivers educated sug- gestions and opinions to policymakers, which can help them to review their approach and strategies on these issues in light of cooperation with India. Understanding expert opinions in these areas also provides holistic insights to emerging managers of space programmes and industry on the trends within India’s space activities, and therefore highlights potential opportunities for collaboration. This report will allow policymakers in Europe to reflect on important opinions from within India and help them review their position on the continuing discourse on varied subjects of cooperation with India. As always, there can be differences of opinion between the positions taken by the contributors to the report as well as the stakeholders in policymaking. However, the report as non-formal aca- demic literature will hopefully drive the momentum towards a more cohesive and harmonious frame- work for cooperation in space activities between India and Europe. Jean-Yves Le Gall President of CNES 01 April 2019. ESPI Report 69 3 April 2019 Europe-India Space Cooperation: Policy, Legal and Business Perspectives From India Table of Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................3 Introduction by Marco Aliberti and Narayan Prasad ..............................................................6 India in Space: An Evolving Endeavour 6 ESPI Activities on Europe-India Space Cooperation 7 Objectives and Structure of the Report 8 1. Recent Developments and Trends in India’s Space Missions and Industry by Narayan Prasad ......................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Space Transportation 12 1.2 Satellite Programme 13 1.3 Space Applications 16 1.4 Human Spaceflight 17 1.5 Conclusion 18 2. G2G Space Cooperation between India and Europe: Assessing the Opportunities by Vidya Sagar Reddy ................................................................................................................. 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Assessing Cooperation with Individual European Countries 19 2.3 Assessing Cooperation with European Institutions 33 2.4 Conclusion 35 3. Maximizing the Benefits of India-Europe Space Cooperation: Potentially Valuable Takeaways for India by Ranjana Kaul ............................................................................. 37 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Private Industry Participation in India: Recent Developments 38 3.3 NITI Aayog: National Space Policy & Strategy for Implementation 42 3.4 Some Suggestions 43 4. Regulatory Framework: Upstream Sector in the Space Industry by Pushan Dwivedi ..... 45 4.1 International Framework 45 4.2 Domestic Framework 47 5. Satcom and Access: The Final Frontier by Kriti Trehan ................................................ 49 5.1 Introduction 49 5.2 Satellite Broadband – The Opportunity 49 5.3 Applicable Legal Framework 52 5.4 Conclusion – Satellite Broadband: Going Where India has Barely Gone Before 57 6. The Remote Sensing Context in India: Policy Perspectives by Ashok G.V. .................... 59 6.1 Introduction 59 6.2 Basis for Space Law in India 60 6.3 Regulations on Remote Sensing 61 6.4 The Policy Guidelines in Practice 61 6.5 The Impact of Policy on Investment 62 6.6 The Way Forward 63 6.7 Conclusions 64 7. A Review of India’s Navigation Programme and its Future Potential by Narayan Prasad .................................................................................................................................. 65 7.1 The Development of IRNSS between Autonomy and Cooperation 66 7.2 Utilization of IRNSS in India 67 7.3 Common Bottlenecks in EU and India 68 8.4 Opportunities for Cooperation 68 ESPI Report 69 4 April 2019 Europe-India Space Cooperation: Policy, Legal and Business Perspectives From India 8.5 Conclusion 70 8. India-Europe Space Security Cooperation by Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan ...................... 71 8.1 Space in the India-Europe Context 72 8.2 Key Drivers for India and Europe Space Security Cooperation 72 8.3 Way Forward 76 9. Cyber Security and Space Cooperation by Rajaram Nagappa, PM Soundar Rajam & Mrunalini Deshpande ................................................................................................................... 78 9.1 Introduction 78 9.2 Cyber Threats and Vulnerabilities 79 9.3 Cyber Security Approaches 81 9.4 Cybersecurity Approach for Space Systems 83 9.5 India-Europe Cooperation 84 9.6 Conclusion 85 10. NewSpace in India: Assessing its Potential and Engagement Opportunities with Europe by Narayan Prasad ......................................................................................................... 85 10.1 Introduction 86 10.2 Understanding the Difference between Traditional Space and NewSpace 86 10.3 New Space in India: a Still Challenging Dynamic 89 10.4 Appreciating the Inherent
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mission/PDS Build Schedule
    Mission/PDS Build Schedule Last updated 30 Oct 2017: Updated ExoMars Rover, BepiColom, Chandrayaan-2, Psyche launch dates. Updated New Horizons 2014 MU69 flyby. Updated Juno EOM. Extended active missions: Venus Climate Orbiter, Dawn, Voyager 1/2, Mars Orbiter Mission. Project Summary Extended past mission wrapping up archives: Rosetta. Changed MESSENGER, Cassini to "Past" missions. Added new missions: Hope Mars, Mars Orbiter Mission-2, Martian Moon eXplorer. Removed AIM (cancelled). a = Adoption of PDS4 release(s) PDS4 Release Version 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 V V V V V d = Distribution of PDS4 data Lead PDS PDS4 Release FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28 Other Nodes Status Mission Node Version Adopted 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 MAVEN ATM PPI,NAIF Active 4 1.1-1.5 d d d d d d d d d d MOI Sep 2014; Extended through Sep 2018 Mars Science Laboratory/MSL/Curiosity GEO ATM,CIS,PPI,NAIF Active 3 Extended through Sep 2018 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/MRO GEO ATM,CIS,NAIF Active 3 Extended through Sep 2018 Study: pre-Phase A (response to proposal request) Mars Exploration Rover/MER/Opportunity GEO ATM,CIS,NAIF Active 3 Extended through Sep 2018 Formulation: Phase A (mission and systems definition) Mars Odyssey GEO CIS,NAIF Active 3 Extended through Sep 2018 Formulation: Phase B (preliminary design) InSight GEO ATM,CIS,PPI,NAIF Future 4 1.4-1.5 (?) a a a a a a/d d d d d d d d d d Launch May 2018; Land Nov 2018 Implementation: Phase C (design) / D (build, test,
    [Show full text]
  • May Art and Cuture
    CURRENT AFFAIRS(2019-2020) FOR UPSC AND OTHER EXAMS MAY ART AND CUTURE By SIDDHANT AGNIHOTRI B.Sc (Silver Medalist) M.Sc (Applied Physics) Facebook: sid_Econnect CHARDHAM • Chardham Yatra: Kedarnath portals open for public.The project involves developing and widening 900-km of national highways connecting the holy Hindupilgrimage sites of; Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri at an estimated cost of Rs.12,000 crores. • The highway will be called Char Dham Mahamarg(Char Dham Highway) and the highway construction project will be called as Char Dham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojana (Char Dham Highway Development Project). • The roads will be widened from 12m to 24m and the project will involve construction of tunnels, bypasses, bridges, subways and viaducts. SEXUAL OFFENCE ISHWAR CHANDRA SAGAR • The giant statue of Ishwar Chandra was recently vandalized by some political goons in Kolkata. • He was the 19th century intellectual. He was perhaps the first Indian reformer to put forward the issues of women. • His Bengali primer, Borno Porichoy, remains, more than 125 years after his death in 1891, the introduction to the alphabet for nearly all Bengali children. • He was a polymath who reconstructed the modern Bengali alphabet and initiated pathbreaking reform in traditional upper caste Hindu society. ISHWAR CHANDRA SAGAR - REFORMS • The focus of his social reform was women — and he spent his life’s energies trying to ensure an end to the practice of child marriage and initiate widow remarriage. • He argued, on the basis of scriptures and old commentaries, in favour of the remarriage of widows in the same way as Roy did for the abolition of Sati.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Exploration Roadmap
    The Global Exploration Roadmap January 2018 What is New in The Global Exploration Roadmap? This new edition of the Global Exploration robotic space exploration. Refinements in important role in sustainable human space Roadmap reaffirms the interest of 14 space this edition include: exploration. Initially, it supports human and agencies to expand human presence into the robotic lunar exploration in a manner which Solar System, with the surface of Mars as • A summary of the benefits stemming from creates opportunities for multiple sectors to a common driving goal. It reflects a coordi- space exploration. Numerous benefits will advance key goals. nated international effort to prepare for space come from this exciting endeavour. It is • The recognition of the growing private exploration missions beginning with the Inter- important that mission objectives reflect this sector interest in space exploration. national Space Station (ISS) and continuing priority when planning exploration missions. Interest from the private sector is already to the lunar vicinity, the lunar surface, then • The important role of science and knowl- transforming the future of low Earth orbit, on to Mars. The expanded group of agencies edge gain. Open interaction with the creating new opportunities as space agen- demonstrates the growing interest in space international science community helped cies look to expand human presence into exploration and the importance of coopera- identify specific scientific opportunities the Solar System. Growing capability and tion to realise individual and common goals created by the presence of humans and interest from the private sector indicate and objectives. their infrastructure as they explore the Solar a future for collaboration not only among System.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights Into Editorial September 2019
    INSIGHTS IAS SIMPLIFYING IAS EXAM PREPARATION INSIGHTS into EDITORIAL SEPTEMBER 2019 www.insightsactivelearn.com | www.insightsonindia.com Table of Contents INSIGHTS INTO EDITORIAL ______ 1 3. DEADLY SPREAD: ON ‘VACCINE HESITANCY’ ________ 44 4. WHY HAS INDIA BANNED E-CIGARETTES? __________ 46 POLITY & GOVERNANCE _____________ 1 RSTV/LSTV/AIR SYNOPSIS _____ 49 1. A FLAWED PROCESS THAT PLEASED NONE ___________ 1 2. THROTTLED AT THE GRASS ROOTS ________________ 3 3. A MILESTONE IN GREATER TRANSPARENCY, POLITY & GOVERNANCE ____________ 49 ACCOUNTABILITY _____________________________ 5 1. IMPORTANCE OF VOTING _____________________ 49 4. ALL THE PRESIDENT’S MEN _____________________ 7 2. NRC (NATIONAL REGISTER OF CITIZENS) __________ 51 5. INEQUALITY OF ANOTHER KIND __________________ 9 3. SEDITION LAW AND DEBATE ___________________ 53 6. THE NATIONAL POPULATION REGISTER, AND THE 4. INCREDIBLE INDIA __________________________ 56 CONTROVERSY AROUND IT ______________________ 11 5. THE THIRD CHILD NORMS ____________________ 58 ECONOMY _______________________ 12 ECONOMY _______________________ 60 1. MARINE FISHERIES BILL ADDRESSES A REGULATORY VOID 1. RBI’S SURPLUS FUND _______________________ 60 ________________________________________ 12 2. BIG BANK REFORMS ________________________ 62 2. BIG BANK THEORY: ON PUBLIC SECTOR BANK MERGERS 14 3. CHALLENGES IN TELECOM SECTOR _______________ 64 3. WHAT IS THE ECONOMICS BEHIND E-VEHICLE BATTERIES? 4. NATIONAL RESOURCE EFFICIENCY POLICY __________ 67 ________________________________________ 16 5. PRODUCTIVITY & SUSTAINABILITY _______________ 69 4. FACTORING IN SAFETY: ON STRONGER WORKER SAFETY LAW _____________________________________ 19 SCIENCE & TECH __________________ 70 5. WHY INDIA’S GROWTH FIGURES ARE OFF THE MARK __ 21 1. CHANDRAYAAN 2- BIG TAKEAWAYS _____________ 70 6. THE SLOW CLIMB TO THE TRILLION-ECONOMY PEAK ___ 23 2. DATA: THE NEW GOLD ______________________ 73 SCIENCE & TECH __________________ 25 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ________ 75 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2019-2020
    Annual Report 2019-2020 1 Annual Report 2019-2020 Annual Report 2019-2020 Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Declared as Deemed to be University under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956 An autonomous institute under Department of Space, Govt. of India Valiamala P O, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 547, Kerala www.iist.ac.in 2 Annual Report 2019-2020 Vision & Mission Vision To be a world class educational and research institution contributing significantly to the Space endeavours. Mission Create a unique learning environment enriched by the challenges of the Space Programme. Nurture the spirit of innovation and creativity. Establish Centres of Excellence in niche areas. Provide ethical and value based education. Promote activities to address societal needs. Network with national and international institutions of repute. 3 Annual Report 2019-2020 Key Functionaries Dr. K. Sivan Dr. B. N. Suresh President, IIST Governing Body Chancellor Chairman, IIST Governing Council Secretary, DoS / Chairman, ISRO Dr. Vinay Kumar Dadhwal Prof. Y V N Krishna Murthy Director & Senior Professor & Chairman, Board of Management Registrar Prof. A. Chandrasekar Prof. Raju K. George Prof. Kuruvilla Joseph Dean Dean Dean (Academic & (Research & Development, IPR) (Student Activities, Continuing Education) Student Welfare & Outreach Programme) 4 Annual Report 2019-2020 CONTENTS Foreword 1 IIST at a Glance 2 1. THE INSTITUTE 9 1.1 The Governing Body 10 1.2 IIST Governing Council 11 1.3 IIST Board of Management 11 1.4 IIST Finance Committee 12 1.5 IIST Academic Council 12 2. ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT 17 2.1 Department of Aerospace Engineering 17 2.2 Department of Avionics 21 2.3 Department of Chemistry 29 2.4 Department of Earth and Space Sciences 31 2.5 Department of Humanities 34 2.6 Department of Mathematics 35 2.7 Department of Physics 38 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Bryce Start-Up Space 2017
    Start-Up Space Update on Investment in Commercial Space Ventures 2017 Formerly Tauri Group Space and Technology Contents Executive Summary . i Introduction . 1 Purpose and Background . 1 Methodology . 1 Overview of Start-Up Space Ventures. 4 Overview of Space Investors .......................6 Space Investment by the Numbers ................13 Seed Funding . 14 Venture Capital . 15 Private Equity . 17 Acquisition . 17 Public Offering . 17 Debt Financing . 18 Investment Across All Types . 18 Valuation . 19 Space Investors by the Numbers ..................20 Overall . 20 Angels . 23 Venture Capital Firms . 25 Private Equity Groups . 28 Corporations . 29 Banks and Other Financial Institutions . 31 Start-Up Space: What’s Next? . 32 Acknowledgements .............................34 3 Executive Summary he Start-Up Space series examines space investment in the 21st century and analyzes Tinvestment trends, focusing on investors in new companies that have acquired private financing. Space is continuing to attract increased attention in Silicon Valley and in investment communities world-wide . Space ventures now appeal to investors because new, lower-cost systems are envisioned to follow the path terrestrial tech has profitably traveled: dropping system costs and massively increasing user bases for new products, especially new data products . Large valuations and exits are demonstrating the potential for high returns . Start-Up Space reports on investment in start-up space ventures, defined as space companies that began as angel- and venture capital-backed start-ups . The report tracks seed, venture, and private equity investment in start-up space ventures as they grow and mature, over the period 2000 through 2016. The report includes debt financing for these companies where applicable to provide a complete picture of the capital available to them and also highlights start-up space venture merger and acquisition (M&A) activity .
    [Show full text]
  • समाचार प से च यत अंश Newspapers Clippings
    Feb 2021 समाचार प�� से च�यत अंश Newspapers Clippings A Daily service to keep DRDO Fraternity abreast with DRDO Technologies, Defence Technologies, Defence Policies, International Relations and Science & Technology खंड : 46 अंक : 26 05 फरवर� 2021 Vol.: 46 Issue : 26 05 February 2021 र�ा �व�ान पु�तकालय Defenceर�ा �व�ान Science पु�तकालय Library र�ा Defenceवै�ा�नक स Scienceूचना एवं �लेखन Library क� � Defence Scientificर�ा Informationवै�ा�नक सूचना &एवं Documentation �लेखन क� � Centre Defence Scientificमेटकॉफ Information हाउस, �द�ल� &- Documentation110 054 Centre Metcalfeमेटकॉफ House,हाउस, �द�ल� Delhi ­- 110110 054 054 Metcalfe House, Delhi­ 110 054 CONTENTS S. No. TITLE Page No. DRDO News 1-13 DRDO at Aero India 2021 1-13 1. DRDO’s International Seminar on “Energising R&D capabilities towards 1 Atmanirbhar Bharat” 2. HAL receives request for Proposal for 70 HTT-40 Basic Trainer Aircraft from 2 Indian Air Force at Aero India 2021 3. एचएएल ने एयरो इं�डया 2021 म� भारतीय वायसेनाु से 70 एचट�ट�-40 बे�सक �ेनर एयर�ा�ट के 3 ��ताव के �लए अनरोधु �ा�त �कया 4. India most attractive centre for R&D, says defence secy 4 5. Aatmanirbhar Bharat: India's defence PSUs cutting-edge innovations on display at 5 Aero India 2021 6. Tejas, BrahMos and Astra among 156 defence items cleared for exports 6 7. Thrilled to fly homegrown fighter jet Tejas, the pride of Bengaluru: MP Tejasvi 8 Surya 8. भारत म� �न�म�त ‘तेजस’ म� तेज�वी सूया� ने उड़ान भर� 9 9.
    [Show full text]
  • OP#254-New Text
    JUNE 2020 Strengthening the C4ISR Capabilities of India’s Armed Forces: The Role of Small Satellites KARTIK BOMMAKANTI Strengthening the C4ISR Capabilities of India's Armed Forces: The Role of Small Satellites KARTIK BOMMAKANTI ABOUT THE AUTHOR Kartik Bommakanti is an Associate Fellow at ORF. ISBN: 978-93-90159-24-6 © 2020 Observer Research Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from ORF. Strengthening the C4ISR Capabilities of India’s Armed Forces: The Role of Small Satellites ABSTRACT Small satellites have gained considerable importance in recent years. Although small spacecraft have existed for decades, their military applications have recently gained prominence owing to technological advances in their development and integration into the armed services of the major spacefaring countries across the world. This paper analyses the significance of small satellites in the C4ISR capabilities of the three service branches of the Indian military. Small satellites are not a panacea for the C4ISR needs of the Indian Army, Navy and Air Force, but will help partially address their sensor-related requirements. They also contribute to a multi-layered and distributed capability for the Indian armed services. Investment in Small Satellites should assume greater salience in Indian defence planning in the coming years. Attribution: Kartik Bommakanti, “Strengthening the C4ISR Capabilities of India’s Armed Forces: The Role of Small Satellites,”
    [Show full text]
  • Ushering the New Era for Indian Space Sector’ 15-17 September 2020 I Over Digital Platform (Exhibition for Over 25 Day Till 10 October 2020)
    International Space Conference ‘Ushering the New Era for Indian Space Sector’ 15-17 September 2020 I Over Digital platform (Exhibition for Over 25 Day till 10 October 2020) PROGRAM DAY 1 - 15 September 2020 1000 Hrs Virtual Platform Opens 1400 - 1530 Hrs Inaugural Session 1545 - 1715 Hrs Reforms in the Indian Space Sector and the Opportunities Therein DAY 2 - 16 September 2020 1400 - 1515 Hrs Opportunities for Space Applications: Enhancing the Role of Tech-Entrepreneurs 1515 - 1645 Hrs Indian Space Start-Ups: Revolutionizing Space Industry 1700 - 1815 Hrs Emerging Trends in Satcom: An India Specific Perspective DAY 3 - 17 September 2020 1400 - 1515 Hrs National Space Programs: Country Strategy and Models for Vibrant Eco-System 1530 - 1645 Hrs Highlight Talk: Human Space flight 1700 - 1815 Hrs Indian Space Industry at an Inflection point International Space Conference ‘Ushering the New Era for Indian Space Sector’ 15-17 September 2020 I Over Digital platform (Exhibition for Over 25 Day till 10 October 2020) DAY 2 - 16 September 2020 [Session – 1] Opportunities for Space Applications: Enhancing the Role of Tech 1400 - 1515 Hrs Entrepreneurs Chairman Nilesh M Desai Associate Director Space Applications Centre (SAC) Panelists P.V.N. Rao (Dr.) OS & Dy. Director, RSAA National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) V.V. Srinivasan (Dr.) Director ISRO Telemetry Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) Mansoor Ahmad Executive Director Airports Authority of India (AAI) Jason Held (Dr.) CEO Saber Astronautics Australia Zaffar Mohamad-Ghouse (Dr.) Executive
    [Show full text]
  • Small Launchers in a Pandemic World - 2021 Edition of the Annual Industry Survey
    SSC21- IV-07 Small Launchers in a Pandemic World - 2021 Edition of the Annual Industry Survey Carlos Niederstrasser Northrop Grumman Corporation 45101 Warp Drive, Dulles, VA 20166 USA; +1.703.406.5504 [email protected] ABSTRACT Even with the challenges posed by the world-wide COVID pandemic, small vehicle "Launch Fever" has not abated. In 2015 we first presented this survey at the AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites1, and we identified twenty small launch vehicles under development. By mid-2021 ten vehicles in this class were operational, 48 were identified under development, and a staggering 43 more were potential new entrants. Some are spurred by renewed government investment in space, such as what we see in the U.K. Others are new commercial entries from unexpected markets such as China. All are inspired by the success of SpaceX and the desire to capitalize on the perceived demand caused by the mega constellations. In this paper we present an overview of the small launch vehicles under development today. When available, we compare their capabilities, stated mission goals, cost and funding sources, and their publicized testing progress. We also review the growing number of entrants that have dropped out since we first started this report. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, one system became operational in the past 12 months and two or three more systems hope to achieve their first successful launch in 2021. There is evidence that this could be the year when the small launch market finally becomes saturated; however, expectations continue to be high and many new entrants hope that there is room for more providers.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Affairs,Iasedge
    IAS Edge IAS Edge CURRENT AFFAIRS, IAS EDGE This Document was prepared under the supervision of Mr. Pramod Singh, Academic Head, IAS Edge. Current Affairs, May 2019 Contents 1 GS1a: SOCIAL ISSUES ..........................................7 1.1 Stucco Sculpture and Ikshvaku dynasty7 1.2 Sri Vedanta Desikan7 1.3 International Religious Freedom 2019 report9 1.4 Basavanna9 1.5 Char Dham pilgrimage 10 1.6 Trans fatty acids (TFA) 10 1.7 National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) 12 1.8 Vayoshreshtha Samman 13 2 GS2a: POLITY AND GOVERNANCE ............................. 14 2.1 Lieutenant-Governor (L-G) of Puducherry 14 2.2 Electoral Bond Scheme 16 2.3 Zero pendency Court project 17 2.4 DissentIAS in the Election Commission Edge18 2.5 10th Schedule of the Constitution 18 2.6 Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) 19 2.7 Collegium System 20 2.8 NGOs and regulation of their foreign funding 21 2.9 Article 324 22 2.10 United Nations not a State under Article 12 23 2.11 National Register of Citizens (NRC) 23 2.12 Competition Commission of India (CCI) 24 3 GS2b: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ............................ 25 3.1 Russia “Sovereign internet” bill 25 3.2 Masood Azhar is now a UN global terrorist 26 3.3 Arctic Council 26 3.4 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) 28 3.5 World Customs Organization 29 3.6 Commonwealth Tribunal 30 3.7 The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 30 3.8 World Reconstruction Conference (WRC4) 32 3.9 UN Human Rights Council 33 4 GS3a: ECONOMICS ............................................ 34 4.1 Generalized System of Preference (GSP) 34 4.2 Prepaid payment instruments 35 4.3 Resolving India’s banking crisis 35 4.4 CPI inflation 38 4.5 Fund for rural agricultural start-ups 39 4.6 Economic Census 39 4.7 Project ‘SPARROW-CBIC’ 40 4.8 Services Trade Restrictiveness Index 40 4.9 RBI releases ‘Vision 2021’ for e-payment system 40 4.10 Masala bonds 41 4.11 Chief risk officer (CRO) for NBFCs 42 4.12 WTO’s dispute settlement mechanism 42 5 GS3b:IAS ENVIRONMENT ...................
    [Show full text]
  • List of Private Spaceflight Companies - Wikipedia
    6/18/2020 List of private spaceflight companies - Wikipedia List of private spaceflight companies This page is a list of non-governmental (privately owned) entities that currently offer—or are planning to offer—equipment and services geared towards spaceflight, both robotic and human. List of abbreviations used in this article Contents Commercial astronauts LEO: Low Earth orbit GTO: Geostationary transfer Manufacturers of space vehicles orbit Cargo transport vehicles VTOL: Vertical take-off and Crew transport vehicles landing Orbital SSTO: Single-stage-to-orbit Suborbital TSTO: Two-stage-to-orbit Launch vehicle manufacturers SSTSO: Single-stage-to-sub- Landers, rovers and orbiters orbit Research craft and tech demonstrators Propulsion manufacturers Satellite launchers Space-based economy Space manufacturing Space mining Space stations Space settlement Spacecraft component developers and manufacturers Spaceliner companies See also References External links Commercial astronauts Association of Spaceflight Professionals[1][2] — Astronaut training, applied research and development, payload testing and integration, mission planning and operations support (Christopher Altman, Soyeon Yi)[1][3] Manufacturers of space vehicles Cargo transport vehicles Dry Launch Return Company Launch Length Payload Diameter Generated Automated Spacecraft mass mass Payload (kg) payload S name system (m) volume (m3) (m) power (W) docking (kg) (kg) (kg) 10.0 (pressurized), 3,310 plus 14 2,500 Falcon 9 pressurized or (unpressurized), Dragon 6.1 4,200[4] 10,200 capsule
    [Show full text]