sustainability Article Evolution of Integrated Open Aquaculture Systems in Hungary: Results from a Case Study József Popp 1,László Váradi 2, Emese Békefi 3, András Péteri 3, Gerg˝oGyalog 3, Zoltán Lakner 4 and Judit Oláh 5,* ID 1 Faculty of Economics and Business, Institute of Sectoral Economics and Methodology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
[email protected] 2 Hungarian Aquaculture and Fisheries Inter-Branch Organisation (MA-HAL), Ballagi Mór u. 8, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
[email protected] 3 Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquaculture (NARIC HAKI), National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, 8 Anna-liget, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary; bekefi
[email protected] (E.B.);
[email protected] (A.P.);
[email protected] (G.G.) 4 Szent István University, Faculty of Food Science, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
[email protected] 5 Faculty of Economics and Business, Institute of Applied Informatics and Logistics, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +36-202-869-085 Received: 20 December 2017; Accepted: 9 January 2018; Published: 12 January 2018 Abstract: This article presents the history of integrated farming in aquaculture through a Hungarian case study. The development of Hungarian integrated aquaculture is aligned with global trends. In the previous millennium, the utilization of the nutrients introduced into the system was the main aspect of the integration. In Hungary, technologies that integrated fish production with growing crops and animal husbandry appeared, including for example: large-scale fish-cum-rice production; fish-cum-duck production; and integrated pig-fish farming which were introduced in the second half of the 20th century.