FAO Aquaculture Newsletter

Aquaculture Team Fisheries and Aquaculture Department

Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy

E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

54

FAN 52, 2014 FAN 53, March 2015 March 2016 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter

VITAMIN B12

VITAMIN A VITAMIN D

The FAO Aquaculture Newsletter (FAN) is issued two times a year by the Aquaculture Team (FIAA) of the FAO Fisheries and CALCIUM Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy. It presents articles and views from the FAO aquaculture programme and discusses various aspects of aquaculture as seen from the perspective of both headquarters and the field programme. Articles are contributed by FAO staff from within and outside the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, from FAO regional offices and field projects, by FAO IRON DHA consultants and, occasionally, by invitation from other sources. FAN is distributed free of charge to various institutions, scientists, planners and managers in member countries and has a current circulation of about 1 300 copies. It is also available on the FAO Web page: www.fao.org/fishery/publications/fan/en EPA ZINC

SELENIUM Chief Editor: Melba B. Reantaso IODINE

Managing Editor: Valerio Crespi BC866e/1/02.16 Editorial Board members: José Aguilar-Manjarrez, Junning Cai, Victoria Chromo, Nicole Franz, PROTEIN Rohana P. Subasinghe Fish is an excellent source of nutrition Graphic designer: Sylviane Borghesi 17% of global protein comes from fish FAN 54 Invited Editorial

Putting fish back on the menu

ow and to what extent will fish be able to decision-makers seem unfamiliar with these Hcontribute to feeding 9 billion people in 2050 facts and, therefore, unaware of the critical role and beyond? that aquaculture is likely to play in the future. Fish has so far been only marginally included Fish significantly contributed to human in the international debate. Many nutritional food supply and food security and nutrition programmes are still not aware of, or not (FSN) for more than 660 million fish-workers recognizing and building on the potential of fish and their families. Fish provides more than for the reduction of micronutrient deficiency. 4.5 billion consumers with at least 15 percent of their average per capita intake of animal protein. Fish deserves more attention in food policies Fish is more nutritious than staple foods such as than it currently receives due to its importance cereals, providing in particular essential fatty acids in the food basket, its unique nutritional and micronutrients and can play an extremely properties, its higher efficiency of production important role in improving the nutritional status and carbon footprint compared to other forms of individuals, in particular those at risk such as of animal production systems. Some challenges children and women. Fish is an efficient converter which need to be addressed include making fish of feed into high quality food, and it has a lower more affordable for the poor, improving the carbon footprint compared to other animal environmental sustainability of the sector, access production systems. Because of all these attributes to fish and fish-related employment, tension - fish should definitely be on the menu. This was between small-scale and commercial producers the conclusion of the paper by of Bene et al. 2015 and climate change. The best available projections which called for a closer integration of fish into the for fish supply and demand are relatively positive overall debate and future policy about FSN. in terms of the capacity to meet future demands, but more solid modelling is still needed. Where does fish stand in food policy discussions? The problem identified was that specialists in Strong advocacy in raising the fish profile should fisheries debates concentrated predominantly on be continued in all levels of discussions, be it questions of biological sustainability and on the national, regional and global so that its potential economic efficiency of fisheries, neglecting issues contribution to FSN strategies is captured and linked to its contribution to reducing hunger maximized. and malnutrition and to supporting livelihoods. Most non-fishery food security experts and Rohana P. Subasinghe Former FAN Chief Editor

Cover photo: Fish harvest, India. ©FAO/Mohammad Hasan

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of AO.F © FAO, 2014 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through publications-

2 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 Invited Editorial 2 Putting fish back on the menu

Fish Health Specialist’s desk 4 FAO and the Mississippi State University: International Collaboration on Aquatic Animal Health and Aquaculture 5 Roundtable discussions: Actions to prevent the introduction of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Statistician’s desk 6 Global Aquaculture Production statistics: An overview

Meetings/Events

9 ACP Ministerial meeting agreed aquaculture as a priority area 10 Vigo Dialogue: Benefits of decent employment in fisheries and aquaculture 12 FAO Regional Workshop on WTO, Market Access and Fisheries Trade Issues 14 FAO/World Bank Workshop on Aquaculture Zoning, Site Selection and Area Management 17 FAO China South-South Cooperation on Aquaculture

Aquaculture updates by region Asia-Pacific 19 An Aquaculture Development Project launched in Tahiti 20 Highlights of Regional Initiative for Blue Growth in Asia-Pacific 22 The Central Asia Regional Programme for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development (2009-2014) 24 Micronesian Association for Sustainable Aquaculture established

Europe 26 Horizon 2020: Promoting sustainable aquaculture 28 Sustainable Aquaculture Development: in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea

Latin America and the Caribbean 31 Workshop on Fish Consumption in Mesoamerica: Prospects to increase its contribution to the nutrition of the population 32 Chile prepares to face climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture

Near East and North Africa 34 Technical support for the development of marine aquaculture sector in Algeria 35 Eighth Session of the Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI) adopts recommendation to ensure reliable aquaculture data collection 36 FAO launches the Blue Growth Initiative for champion countries in Near East and North Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa 38 Fish farming in rice field: development lever for family farming in Madagascar 40 Angola committed to growing sustainable aquaculture Thematics articles 43 Relationship between seafood demand and aquaculture growth 44 Improving global knowledge on aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture 46 How to increase public understanding and acceptance of aquaculture

Miscellaneous 47 FAO Special Session at the 2nd International Symposium on Aquaculture and Fisheries Education: Non-formal education and South-South Cooperation 48 Gold Medal Awards 55 Calendar of Events

New staff profiles

New Publications

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 3 FAO and the Mississippi State University: International Collaboration on Aquatic Animal Health and Aquaculture

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between FAO talk on “Aquaculture and its role in world food security” in Aand the Mississippi State University (MSU) was signed Session 1 and she also Chaired Session 2. A lively discussion by MSU President Mark E. Keenum and FAO Deputy followed the keynote presentation on important current Director-General Daniel Gustafson on 8 January 2014 topics impacting the effectiveness of aquaculture to meet in Rome, Italy. This MoU expands a 2010 agreement for world food security needs such as the ethical issue of using collaborations addressing, among others, aquatic animal grains to feed people versus using grains in fish feeds; the use health and aquaculture. The agreement also recognizes of fish meal as a protein source in fish feeds; and the effects MSU as a Center for Knowledge on Aquatic Animal of climate change on aquaculture production, especially as Health and a Global Center for Aquatic Food Security. The it affects fish health. Highlighted in the presentation is the MoU makes MSU a member of the Global Aquaculture issue pertaining to economic cost/benefit analyses which are Advancement Partnership and will engage MSU’s existing necessary to allow producers and fish health professionals facilities and expertise in aquatic animal disease diagnostics make informed decisions about instituting biosecurity and management to expand the work of FAO’s Emergency measures and investing in vaccines. Prevention System (EMPRES). During the Conference, discussions outside the Conference In 2014, two faculty members, Dr Mark Laurence and proper include: socio-economic impacts of disease on Dr Larry Hanson were seconded for two weeks; this gave aquaculture production, anti-microbial resistance (a current ©FAO/Melba Reantaso

Dr Mark Everett Keenum (19th and current president of Mississippi State University- MSU (Global Center for Aquatic Food Security); seated at the middle) and global fish and veterinary health experts from MSU and FAO, Australia, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, United Kingdom, and the USA them opportunity to get familiarized with FAO work on priority for funding in the US and EU), development of terrestrial and aquatic animal health at global and national educational materials on zoonotic diseases (using the One levels, EMPRES and initiated the development of project Health approach), a book on bacterial pathogens affecting proposals. aquatic animals and the potential of establishing a consortium of universities to provide training and educational programs. The International Conference on Food Security for the Future: the Role of Aquatic Animal Health sponsored by These issues are of high importance to the aquatic animal the International Institute College of Veterinary Medicine, health work of FAO and will be pursued including a joint Division of Agriculture, Forestry, and Veterinary Medicine resource mobilization exercise. Division of Research and Economic Development was held at the MSU campus in Starkville, Mississippi, USA on 22-23 Further information can be obtained by writing to: October 2015. The conference focussed particularly on the [email protected] role of aquatic animal health to ensure safe supply of seafood. FAO was invited and Dr Melba B. Reantaso gave a plenary

4 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 Fish health Specialist ‘s desk

©FAO/Melba Reantaso FAO International Technical Workshop on EMS/ Workshop International Technical FAO Mr. A. S. Al-Aiadh (Director of ADMA) and Mr. A. Al- A. Mr. and of ADMA) Al-Aiadh (Director A. S. Mr. Ballaa (Chairman of SAS). to: writing by obtained be can information Further [email protected] Representatives from ADMA and SAS participated in the AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses TCP/ TCP/INT/3502 FAO under the auspices of the FAO INT/3502 “Reducing and managing the risk of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) of Cultured Shrimp” held in Panama City in June 2015. Officials of ADMA and SAS/NAQUA (National Aquaculture Group) also participated during the Side Event of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI) Eight Session of the FAO Subcommittee Aquaculture (SCA VIII) held in Brazil from 5-9 October 2015 with a presentation on Biosecurity and by delivered jointly Arabia Saudi of Kingdom the in PPP (ii) position KSA within the region and internationally (ii) position KSA within of PPP (public-private-partnership) as a success history as the for ADMA, capacity building example; (iii) create on aquatic animal health management Competent Authority A number of short-, medium- and biosecurity governance. were identified and will be pursued and long-term activities The existence of a Biosecurity in the following years. sector and its Manual, prepared jointly by public and private and recognized as a very good strongly implementation was it is also important for KSA significant initiative. However, biosecurity with to further strengthen these procedures on a of the framework comprehensive approach within more a focussing comprehensive National Strategy for Biosecurity . on preventive actions and risk-based approach FAO provided technical guidance in the development of a provided technical guidance FAO aimed to: (i) establish a robust National biosecurity programme Animal Health Management for KSA; Strategy on Aquatic FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 5 FAO Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of Saudi Kingdom Officials from ADMA, FAO, NAQUA and SAS facilitated the Roundtable Meeting on Acute Acute and SAS facilitated the Roundtable Meeting on NAQUA ADMA, FAO, from Officials Arabia Hepatopancreatic of Saudi Necrosis Disease held on 2 March 2015 in Jeddah, Kingdom t the request of the government of the Kingdom of Saudi t the request of the government guidance and provided technical Arabia (KSA), FAO of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) to the (AHPND) Disease Necrosis Hepatopancreatic Acute of Roundtable discussions: Actions to prevent the introduction the introduction to prevent Actions discussions: Roundtable A The main conclusion of the roundtable meeting was the drafting and consensus on a recommendation to Ministry of Agriculture to request Saudi Food & Drug Authority the importation of fresh, a ‘temporary ban of (SFDA) chilled, frozen shrimp products from countries proven to be affected by EMS/AHPND. Reprocessing countries shall prove through adequate certification that the origin of raw material is from non-affected countries’ Agriculture of Ministry the of Department Aquaculture The (ADMA) and the Saudi Aquaculture Society (SAS) expressed a their concerns on the need for a strengthened biosecurity, and management health animal improve aquatic to roadmap The Kingdom was biosecurity governance in the country. severely affected by the outbreak of White Spot Disease (WSD) in 2010-2012, which resulted to the collapse of the indicus aquaculture production. Penaeus facilitated a roundtable meeting on possible actions that may facilitated a roundtable to prevent the introduction of be taken by the government disease, Acute Hepatopancreatic a serious emerging shrimp Some 32 key representatives Necrosis Disease (AHPND). sectors actively participated in this from public and private at the Crowne Plaza Hotel, in Jeddah, one-day meeting held KSA. several technical The lively discussions which followed after and the Aquaculture presentations delivered by FAO (ADMA) Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and cooperation clearly showed the strong collaboration which reflected between the aquaculture stakeholders Private-Public the effectiveness of the ongoing strong Partnership (PPP) in place in KSA. Global aquaculture production statistics: An overview

n March 2015, the FAO Global Aquaculture seaweeds, is still overwhelmingly dominated IProduction statistics database was updated by aquaculture (95.5 percent in 2013). to 2013. The dataset covering 1950–2013 can be consulted online at www.fao.org/fishery/ • On a global scale, the production of major non- statistics/global-aquaculture-production/query/ fed species contributed 30.7 percent to world en. FishStatJ, the data dissemination package food fish aquaculture production in 2013, loaded with several datasets including aquaculture including 13.9 million tonnes of bivalves and production can be downloaded at www.fao.org/ 7.7 million tonnes of filter-feeding carps. The fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en. great potential of marine bivalve aquaculture in most maritime countries in Africa and • World aquaculture production continued to Central America remains untapped. grow in 2013, reaching 97.2 million tonnes (live weight) with an estimated value of USD157 • Following Asia, Africa improved its share in billion. A total of 575 aquatic species and world farmed food fish production, up from species groups grown in freshwater, seawater 1.3 percent in 2003 to 2.3 percent in 2013. The and brackish water have been registered in shares of the Americas and Europe declined the FAO Global Aquaculture Production gradually to all-time lows of 4.4 and 4 percent, statistics database. respectively, in 2013. Oceania has held steady at 0.3 percent since 2001. The overall situation • The production of farmed food fish (finfish, of highly imbalanced aquaculture development crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic status and uneven distribution of production animals) was 70.2 million tonnes in 2013, up remains largely unchanged. by 5.6 percent from 66.5 million tonnes in 2012. The production of 27 million tonnes of • Globally, inland finfish aquaculture has been farmed aquatic plants was a 13.4 percent jump the most important driver for total increase on the 23.8 million tonnes of 2012. in annual output. This subsector contributed 64.9 percent to the 2003–2013 increase in • The contribution of aquaculture to the world world farmed food fish production. total fish production reached 43.1 percent, up from 42.1 percent in 2012. It was only 30.6 The tables below present some key figures on percent a decade ago in 2003. Meanwhile, world production and top-ten producers by world production of aquatic plants, mostly selected measurements in 2013 (all data presented are subject to rounding).

Table 1: World aquaculture production quantity of food fish* and aquatic plants in 2013 (Unit: 1 000 tonnes, live weight) Inland aquaculture Mariculture Subtotal Finfish 41 292 5 778 47 071 Crustaceans 2 584 4 128 6 712 Molluscs 283 15 231 15 514 Other aquatic animals 525 368 893 Food fish total 44 685 25 505 70 190 Aquatic plants 82 26 896 26 978 Aquaculture total 44 767 52 401 97 168 * Food fish includes finfishes, crustaceans, molluscs, amphibians, reptiles (excluding crocodiles) and other aquatic animals (such as sea cucumbers and sea urchins) for human consumption.

6 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 Statistician’s desk

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Top-10 producers: crustaceans – inland aquaculture Top-10 producers: crustaceans – mariculture China 2 429 437 94.0% China 1 340 218 32.5% Bangladesh 50 156 1.9% Indonesia 636 167 15.4% United States of 1.9% America 48 567 Viet Nam 553 701 13.4% Thailand 18 500 0.7% Thailand 329 135 8.0% Taiwan Province of 0.5% China 13 643 Ecuador 304 000 7.4% India 7 100 0.3% India 290 200 7.0% Egypt 5 856 0.2% Mexico 120 585 2.9% Viet Nam 4 759 0.2% Bangladesh 90 105 2.2% Indonesia 3 387 0.1% Philippines 75 499 1.8% Myanmar 872 0.0% Brazil 64 669 1.6% Others 1 691 0.1% Others 323 432 7.8% WORLD 2 583 968 100% WORLD 4 127 710 100%

Top-10 producers: molluscs – mariculture Top-10 producers: seaweeds – mariculture China 12 728 046 83.4% China 13 479 355 50.1% Japan 332 460 2.2% Indonesia 9 298 474 34.6% Republic of Korea 291 024 1.9% Philippines 1 558 378 5.8% Chile 252 528 1.7% Republic of Korea 1 131 305 4.2% Democratic People’s Thailand 217 467 1.4% Republic of Korea 444 300 1.7% Viet Nam 179 163 1.2% Japan 418 365 1.6% Spain 164 976 1.1% Malaysia 269 431 1.0% United States of Zanzibar (United Republic of America 160 458 1.1% Tanzania) 110 438 0.4% France 156 980 1.0% Viet Nam 87 280 0.3% Italy 110 645 0.7% Denmark 40 000 0.1% Others 668 875 4.4% Others 58 678 0.2% WORLD 15 262 622 100% WORLD 26 896 004 100% Top-10 producers: farmed food fish Top-10 producers: food fish and aquatic plants

China 43 549 738 62.0% China 57 111 183 58.8%

India 4 549 607 6.5% Indonesia 13 118 206 13.5%

Indonesia 3 819 732 5.4% India 4 554 109 4.7%

Viet Nam 3 207 200 4.6% Viet Nam 3 294 480 3.4%

Bangladesh 1 859 808 2.6% Philippines 2 373 386 2.4%

Norway 1 247 865 1.8% Bangladesh 1 859 808 1.9%

Egypt 1 097 544 1.6% Republic of Korea 1 533 446 1.6%

Thailand 1 056 944 1.5% Norway 1 247 865 1.3%

Chile 1 033 206 1.5% Egypt 1 097 544 1.1%

Myanmar 929 180 1.3% Thailand 1 056 944 1.1%

Others 7 839 023 11.2% Others 9 921 188 10.2%

WORLD 70 189 848 100% WORLD 97 168 160 100%

Users of FishStatJ may note that several new customized groups of countries (ANAF, ASEAN, CIFAA, NACA, OECD and G-77) are now added in the built-in reference list to enable data extraction/filtering for countries belonging to these groups. These groups are listed under “Regional fisheries commissions”.

Further information can be obtain by writing to: [email protected]

8 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 ê

ACP Ministerial meeting agreed aquaculture as a priority area Meetings/Events

he African, Caribbean and Pacific Group consideration and adoption by the succeeding Tof States (ACP) is an intergovernmental ministerial meeting. The ministerial meeting organization created in 1975 and composed of adopted a number of resolutions after two days 79 African, Caribbean and Pacific states, with together with a roadmap for implementing the the “ACP-EC Partnership Agreement” that Strategic Plan. Among others, aquaculture was binds them to the European Union. There are considered as an area of top priority for future 48 countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, 16 from the work and FAO a valuable partner to work jointly Caribbean and 15 from the Pacific. The group’s and these elements were reflected in the adopted first priorities are sustainable development and ministerial resolutions. poverty reduction. Mr Jiansan Jia, Deputy Director of Fisheries and The 4th ACP Meeting of Ministers in Charge Aquaculture Resources Use and Conservation of Fisheries and Aquaculture was held on Division of FAO, attended both meetings on behalf 22-23 July 2015, and prior to it, a meeting of ACP of FAO. As requested by the ACP Secretariat, senior officials in preparation of the ministerial Mr Jia made a presentation on aquaculture in ACP meeting was convened on 20-21 July 2015, countries, which represent about 1% of the world both at the ACP House in Brussels, Belgium. aquaculture production at present but of huge The meetings were a follow up to the 3rd Meeting potential for future growth (see Figure 1). of Ministers in Charge of Fisheries held in Nadi, Fiji in 2012 which adopted a Strategic Plan of He highlighted the present status of global Action for Fisheries and Aquaculture in ACP aquaculture development and the challenges, countries that set out of the vision for ACP in particular, the major constraints that the countries to develop and improve their fisheries ACP countries are facing with regards to and aquaculture production and management to technology transfer and capacity development benefit their people for now and future. as major bottleneck. He presented the priority areas for technology transfer and FAO’s work, The senior officials meeting brainstormed on especially through south-south cooperation, critical issues of concern to the ACP countries in ACP countries. He proposed to establish a in the sector, and in particular, the elements of working mechanism where FAO and ACP can the Strategic Plan of Action and status of its work jointly under the Framework of FAO/ implementation, and the crucial issues which ACP Memorandum of Understanding signed in included sustainable fisheries management;June 2015 to promote synergy in fisheries and optimization of fisheries sustainability; food aquaculture through south-south cooperation in security; aquaculture development; and protection ACP countries. of the marine environment. A roadmap for executing the elements of the Strategic Plan was Further information can be obtained by writing to: drawn up and a resolution was proposed for [email protected]

Figure 1. Share of ACP group in world aquaculture (1950-2013) (Source: X. Zhou, FAO)

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M 0.5 ACP - AFRICA (501,665 tonnes; 0.715% of world) 0.4 ACP - CARIBBEAN (39,736 tonnes; 0.057% of world) 0.3 ACP - PACIFIC (2,730 tonnes; 0.004% of world)

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FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 9 ê

Vigo Dialogue: Benefits of decent employment in fisheries and aquaculture

Uwe Barg, Mariaeleonora D’Andrea and José Estors-Carballo FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

ey fisheries and aquaculture stakeholders fish workers who dominate most of the fisheries, Kfrom the private sector, government, civil aquaculture and fish processing sector in many society, and the media gathered, on 9 October countries). There is significant risk that a large 2015 in Vigo, Spain, to discuss priority issues, majority of fish workers is ignored if labour issues benefits, incentives and actions associated with are not properly considered and addressed at the labour conditions in the fisheries and aquaculture supply end. Decent work deficits such as child sector, in a consultative process termed the Vigo labour, forced labour, lack of social protection Dialogue which was initiated already during the and social dialogue and occupational safety and FAO-Conxemar Global Shrimp Congress in health hazards, can be significant in fisheries, October 2014. The 2015 Vigo Dialogue took place aquaculture and fish processing and associated during the Conference on the 20th Anniversary of seafood value chains. the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Participants also recognized the need: The attendees emphasized their growing interest • to support institutions building and fish and the opportunities for promoting social workers organizations for effective social standards and certification for better and fairer dialogue and collective bargaining power; working conditions and labour practices (i.e., • create opportunities of employment and social labels with focus on ethical issues in fisheries enterprise development, increased investment - and aquaculture including in particular on in training and skills development, and labour conditions) in the sector. Explicit reference occupational safety and health of fish workers; was made to social risk assessment in seafood • for addressing conditions of migrants and sourcing and to corporate social responsibility and foreign fish workers (largely lacking legal initiatives such as the Responsible Fishing Scheme, protection); reasons for poor labour regulation Business Social Compliance Initiative (BSCI), in fish sector often include lack of interest, Global Social Compliance Programme (GSCP), high enforcement costs, limited capacity; and Global Compact, Initiative Clause Sociale (ICS), • to ratify the International Labour Organization “Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de (ILO) Work in Fishing convention (C188), as l’Homme (FIDH)”. a matter of high priority.

Seafood retailers and producers expressed The Vigo Dialogue was attended by some significant interest to include and further 30 participants, and gathered representatives promote labour issues into their sourcing and from the private sector (Europêche, Pescanova, production operations and to cooperate with Carrefour, Regal Springs); governments (Argentina, FAO on decent work issues. There is growing Namibia, France and United Kingdom); fish interest by governments to develop certification worker unions and organizations (International schemes which focus on labour issues in fisheries Collective in Support of Fishworkers - ICSF , The and aquaculture, not only at national but also at International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, international levels, e.g. within related efforts of Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers’ the European Commission and initiatives of the Associations – IUF; International Transport International Organization for Standardization Workers’ Federation - ITF); media (Seafood (ISO). Intelligence) and certifiers (Marine Stewardship Council - MSC). Introductions to the session were However, it was also noted that the focus should presented by FAO and the International Labour not only be on the demand side (i.e., certification Organization (ILO). initiatives and consumers’ and retailers’ interests) but also on the supply side (i.e., recognizing and addressing the working and living conditions of

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As one of the follow-up actions, it was Additional background information including recommended that the Vigo Dialogue could be program and guiding questions can be found developed into a multi-stakeholder platform at the side event’s page on decent employment: possibly facilitated by FAO. Going forward, the http://www.fao.org/in-action/globefish/news- Meetings/Events participants agreed to issue statements of intent events/details-events/en/c/337902/ on actions and measures to be undertaken for the improvement and promotion of decent work in Further information can be obtained by writing to: the sector. [email protected] ©FAO/ Mohammad Hasan

Fish workers harvesting farmed carps in freshwater ponds, Bangladesh

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 11 ê

FAO Regional Workshop on WTO, Market Access and Fisheries Trade Issues

Victoria Chomo, Esther Garrido Gamarro, Jogeir Toppe, Ruggero Urbani FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

he Fisheries and Aquaculture Department of ©EUROFISH TFAO held its 9th capacity-building workshop for member countries on the World Trade Organization (WTO) and fish trade-related issues, Yerevan, 16-18 June 2015. The workshop, jointly organized by EUROFISH for 31 government officials from 20 countries in Eastern and Central Europe was opened by His Excellency Sergo Karapetyan, Minister of Agriculture of Armenia. The Minister highlighted the importance of fisheries for food security and exports from Armenia. Ms Gayane Nasoyen, Assistant FAOR Armenia discussed the importance of efficient production systems taking into account market demand and environmental considerations. Ms Aina Afanasjeva, Director of EUROFISH, announced that delegates and expert speakers from 23 countries were participating in the workshop, namely: Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Workshop participants and expert speakers, Yerevan, Armenia Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Denmark, • Aquaculture development and its contribution Estonia, Georgia, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, to fish trade (FAO); Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, • Fish trade and human nutrition (FAO); Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, • The oceans economy, fisheries and WTO Switzerland and Ukraine. related negotiations (UNCTAD1); • Fisheries trade and the post-2015 development For many Central and Eastern European agenda (ICTSD2); countries, capture fisheries, and, to an increasing • Product standards and certification systems extent, inland aquaculture, play an important role for quality assurance and food safety (FAO); in livelihoods and food security. Fish production • Traceability of seafood products along the and processing for export represents a significant value chain (FAO). source of hard currency earnings and employment. Given the current low levels of domestic fish One session was devoted to voluntary certification consumption in the region and the abundance schemes, more commonly known as eco-labels. of under-utilized water resources such as rivers FAO organized two multi-stakeholder initiatives and lakes, there is significant potential for these to discuss eco-labels and to present their activities countries to contribute to global supply of fish to the participants. The State of Sustainability and fishery products. How to enter international Initiative (SSI3) is producing a review paper on markets and make better use of trade opportunities Marine Review of Fisheries and Aquaculture was the main theme of this workshop, while Voluntary Sustainability Standards. The SSI giving adequate consideration to food security and presented its preliminary findings and will release sustainable resource use. the Marine Review in November 2015. The Global Sustainable Seafood Initiative (GSSI), a Workshop topics included: consortium of 32 private companies, two NGOs, • Global trends in fish supply, demand, trade the German government agency (GIZ), and an and prices (FAO); affiliated partnership with FAO, presented its draft • Fish trade and consumer trends in Europe global benchmarking tool, which will be officially (EUROFISH); launched at the Vigo event, 7-9 October 2015.

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Fish farming is increasingly important to the • defining the roles of the different stakeholder in region and governments are keen to assist in this the harmonization process and the importance private sector development. The targeted markets of data collection; for aquaculture products from the economies- • disseminating information on market access Meetings/Events in-transition are primarily the European Union requirements, improving access to marketing and Asian countries. There is significant potential data, as well as traceability, resources for the region to help meet rising global demand management, and logistics; for seafood, primarily due to its under-utilized • perceiving aquaculture not only as an industry, natural resource endowments and willingness of but as key element for rural development; governments to support aquaculture development. • supporting small-scale operators and Many countries of the region benefit from clean the private sector to access national and underground water reservoirs and springs, while international markets, which is considered vital rivers and lakes are abundant in some countries of for the economic sustainability of fisheries and the region. The challenges facing their governments aquaculture small businesses; is to ensure production of quality aquaculture • improving post-harvest production practices; products, to facilitate transport of these perishable • promoting per-capita consumption by products by developing the transport grid, and improving perceptions of farmed fish versus to safeguard the environment by promoting wild fish; sustainable aquaculture development by sharing • closer cooperation among stakeholders water with conflicting uses such as agriculture, to resolve problems of the fisheries and eco-tourism, and urban expansion. aquaculture sector; and • training of personnel in government agencies The Ministry of Agriculture organized a field and private sector entities to better support trip to two Armenian aquaculture sites. The sustainable aquaculture development. sites are located near Yerevan at the foot of Mount Ararat. Different species of sturgeon and Workshop documents and presentations trout are produced, mainly for the local market. are available on the EUROFISH website, Aquaculture development in this part of Armenia www.EUROFISH.org. is possible due to the availability of freshwater resources from the nearby mountains. The farms 1The United Nations Conference on Trade and visited are using concrete raceways, with high Development (UNCTAD), is governed by its 194 member quality water taken from underground sources. States and is the United Nations body responsible for Feed inputs are imported, mainly from Europe, dealing with development issues, particularly international but also from Chile. Armenian aquaculture had trade, http://unctad.org. 2Founded in 1996, the International Centre for Trade and been growing steadily, but a recent change in Sustainable Development (ICTSD) is an independent non- government policy restricted the issuance of new profit organization based in Geneva, http://ictsd.org. permits for fish farming due to concerns about 3The State of Sustainability Initiatives (SSI) is under the sustainable use of water resources. As a result, umbrella of the International Institute for Sustainable FAO is currently providing technical assistance to Development, Geneva, https://www.iisd.org.

the government through a project to recycle up to ©EUROFISH 70% of water used for fish farming. In response to new regulations, one of the farms visited was in the process of installing a water recyclable system imported from Germany.

Country delegations shared their national experiences with regard to factors that influence trade and development of the fisheries and aquaculture sector. Case studies were presented by delegates from countries listed in the first paragraph.

Key recommendations identified by workshop participants were the need for: • making aquaculture development more stable, profitable and sustainable; Aquaculture farm outside Yerevan, Armenia

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 13 ê ©FAO/JoséAguilar-Manjarrez

Floating fish cage farms, Izmir, Turkey FAO/World Bank Workshop on Aquaculture Zoning, Site Selection and Area Management

José Aguilar-Manjarrez1, Doris Soto2 and Randall Brummett3 1,2FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy 3The World Bank [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

round the globe, the availability of and access FAO to develop a step-by-step guide for the Ato aquaculture zones and sites with favourable implementation of spatial planning and continue characteristics, including those areas that minimize capacity building in developing countries.3 The interactions and conflicts with other activities, guidance being prepared by FAO/World Bank represent constraints for the expansion of the is a direct response to the COFI AQ request. sector. Meeting the future demand for food from aquaculture will largely depend on the availability Workshop of space for aquaculture. Site selection and A Regional Workshop organized by FAO and carrying capacity considerations, including risks the World Bank and hosted by Dokuz Eylul and opportunities, are among the most important University, Institute of Marine Sciences and initial steps to ensure the success of aquaculture. Technology, took place in Izmir, Turkey, from They should be carried out in accordance with 5–8 July 2015. Participating experts hailed from Article 9 - Aquaculture Development - of the Brazil, Chile, China, Indonesia, Mexico, Oman, Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, and the Philippines, Turkey, Uganda and the United the ecosystem approach to aquaculture (EAA).1,2 Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and included FAO staff and consultants. The The FAO, in partnership with the World Bank, has main objective of the workshop was to discuss prepared guidance on aquaculture spatial planning and improve the FAO/World bank publication and management to improve biosecurity, minimize on “Aquaculture Zoning, Site Selection and Area environmental impacts, maximize income and Management” with relevant experts. social benefits and improve interactions with other users of common resources. The main goal is to The workshop described the processes and steps on provide practical guidance to policy and decision- spatial planning for aquaculture growth according makers and to a broad range of stakeholders, to the EAA and how they can be implemented. including farmers, on the processes and steps The workshop: for aquaculture zoning, site selection and area i. discussed the generic process and steps management. The guidance includes a review of for aquaculture zoning, site selection and the planning and management of aquaculture the design/management of aquaculture development within the framework of the EAA management areas considering social, and provides recommendations to facilitate economic, environmental and governance implementation using a zonal approach. objectives of sustainable development; ii. presented and discussed key findings from the The Seventh Session of the Sub-Committee country case studies; on Aquaculture (COFI AQ) requested

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iii. brainstormed and validated the generic Individual site selection processes and steps required for spatial Site selection is based on the suitability for planning; and development of a given aquaculture activity, iv. drew recommendations for spatial planning taking into account the physical factors of the Meetings/Events and management of aquaculture under the environment and the farming system. Site selection EAA. depends on the species to be cultured, technology to be used, type of culture system to be adopted, Dr Soto and Dr Aguilar from FAO, introduced the the location and interactions between the systems, first part of the workshop and presented the process and the surrounding environment. Decisions on and steps for Aquaculture Zoning, Site Selection site selection are usually made on an individual and Area Management. Additional presentations basis in response to applications for tenure. This included: biosecurity (Dr Huchzermeyer); legal process is normally led by the private sector, local and institutional aspects (Mr Van der Zwaag); land owners, villagers etc. Governments assist with certification (Mr Hedegaard Clausen); social clear regulations for the process and requirements aspects (Mr Bueno); and presentations of ten for site licensing. The site selection process and country case studies – one case study for each of formal site allocation are generally well regulated, the countries that the experts hailed from. Group and in most aquaculture producer countries sessions discussed the processes and steps on follow a process established by norms, usually spatial planning for aquaculture from each country including some sort of EIA5 especially for larger as basis for recommendations. scale industrial aquaculture. In general, however the process ignores potential accumulative effects The workshop also included field visits to fish cage from nearby farms or other sources. culture sites in Izmir Bay for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus Aquaculture management areas labrax), and Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus Aquaculture Management Areas (AMAs), can be thynnus) which generated information used in the aquaculture parks, aquaculture clusters or any workshop. aquaculture area within a zone where farms share a common waterbody or water source and that Three are the main processes and steps commonly may benefit from a common management system used for spatial planning of aquaculture; aimed at minimizing environmental, social and (i) aquaculture zoning, (ii) site selection and fish health risks (Figures 1 and 2). AMAs can also (iii) aquaculture area management or AMAs, be quite beneficial for groups of small farmers although the exact terminology may differ in seeking joint access to feed, seed, technical support 4 different countries. The EAA offers an appropriate and access to markets and postharvest services. framework to develop management plans for Where size and connectivity among farms indicate, AMAs that go beyond the individual farms. an entire aquaculture zone can be designated as a single AMA. Aquaculture zoning An aquaculture zone consists of a hydrological Conclusions system which is suitable for aquaculture that The workshop enabled a better understanding of encompasses part of or an entire catchment area the processes and steps for zoning, site selection from the source of a waterway to the estuary, water and area management. Further, the process was body (lake or dam), coastal area, off the coast area streamlined for moving through the steps using etc. that has been allocated to develop aquaculture. the lessons learned from case studies, and gaps The creation of zones facilitates the integration of were identified for improvement. aquaculture activities into broader areas designated to other uses. It contributes to better coordination The EAA provides an opportunity for countries among the public agencies involved in aquaculture to develop aquaculture in a responsible and licensing and monitoring processes and facilitates sustainable manner. EAA should have a central collective action and joint management by nearby position in the planning and management of producers. Zones require prudent observation so aquaculture development in any country, and as to avoid disease and environmental pollution through a participatory process should facilitate the through over concentrated development. The appropriate balance among the social, economic, zoning process is normally led by national and environmental and governance objectives and the or local governments with important stakeholder associated measures. participation, fed by relevant information and supported by relevant regulations.

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 15 ê ©FAO/ Doris Soto Doris Soto ©FAO/

Figure 2. Schematic figure of an existing aquaculture zone (the whole depicted area), representing individual land-based farms (F), Figure 1. Schematic figure of a designated aquaculture zone (hatched e.g. catfish ponds, that may be owned by different farmers (presented in different area in blue color) representing an estuary and the adjacent coastal colors). In this example, there are four aquaculture management areas (AMAs). marine area. Individual farms/sites (F) owned by different farmers, The common water sources and water flow (arrows) could be the priority criteria are presented in different colors. Four clusters of farms illustrate (e.g. addressing fish health and environmental risks) to set boundaries of the examples of aquaculture management areas (AMAs), grouped AMAs according to a set of criteria that include risks and opportunities The country case studies presented at the (FAO and World Bank, 2015),6 and the publication workshop are excellent examples of the broad for managers, investors and other users is being range of situations in which spatial planning completed (final version for printing in 2016). has been fully implemented and where spatial planning for aquaculture is only just beginning. It 1The EAA is not new, specifically being integrated within was very clear, on the other hand, that aquaculture the Convention on Biological Diversity the Ecosystem area management is in general absent or very Approach (EA) defined as a strategy for the integrated poor, although it is extremely needed to address management of land, water and living resources that promotes increase fish as food, conservation and sustainable fish health, environmental (as a result of added use in an equitable way. Defining EA approaches to spatial impacts), and socio-economic issues. It was planning is, however, a more recent development of the agreed that AMAs could provide a way forward overall EAA approach. to sustainably intensify aquaculture in Asia (for 2FAO. 2010. Aquaculture development. 4. Ecosystem example), where in most cases zoning or site approach to aquaculture. FAO Technical Guidelines for selection is not possible because farms are already Responsible Fisheries No. 5, Suppl. 4. Rome. 53 pp. (also available at www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1750e/i1750e00. in place, e.g. ponds. htm). 3FAO. 2014. Committee on Fisheries. Report of the Even though countries are advancing with their Seventh Session of the Sub-Committee on Aquaculture. spatial plans, many of them are facing gaps/ St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 7–11 October 2013. problems, such as: (i) limited or total absence of (also available at www.fao.org/3/a-i3647t.pdf). 4 coordinated environmental monitoring at the For example, in the Mediterranean and Black Sea area the concept of Allocated Zones for Aquaculture (AZA) relevant ecosystem scale; (ii) insufficient capacity is been applied and this could be considered as a sort to implement regulations; (iii) no methodologies of AMA (https://gfcmsitestorage.blob.core.windows. or limited estimates of carrying capacity; and net/documents/Reports/Statutory/GFCM-Report- (iv) lack of assessment of risks to aquaculture due Commission-36-en.pdf. to climatic variability, climate change and other 5FAO. 2009. Environmental impact assessment and external threats (industrial pollution of water monitoring in aquaculture. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture sources, etc.). Technical Paper.No. 527. Rome, FAO. 57 pp. Includes a CD-ROM containing the full document (648 pages). The results of this workshop created baseline (also available at http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i0970e/ i0970e00.htm). information to enable FAO and the World Bank 6FAO & World Bank. 2015. Aquaculture zoning, site to be in a better position to complete the FAO/ selection and area management under the ecosystem World bank publication and to plan its adoption. approach to aquaculture. Policy brief. Rome, Italy As a follow-up to the workshop, a policy brief was www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/4c777b3a-6afc-4475- prepared and published in English and Spanish bfc2-a51646471b0d/

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FAO China South-South Cooperation on Aquaculture Matthias Halwart and Ruth Garcia Gomez1 FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy Meetings/Events [email protected]; [email protected]

The FAO South-South Cooperation 3. and fostering an enabling environment, The FAO South-South Cooperation (SSC) mobilizing broader partnerships and resources initiative was launched in 1996 and evolved as and raising the visibility of the value of SSC. part of the FAO’s Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS), a programme which contributed The SSC programme with China is part of the quite rapidly to increased food production, aforementioned FAO’s broader SSC initiative. improved access to food, and increased resilience Chinese experts and technicians with practical to climatic events such as drought and floods. expertise in a broad range of agriculture-related The specific value of the SSC is the provision of subject matters, such as irrigation, agronomy, access to the know-how generated by experts in livestock, aquaculture and fisheries are deployed the south, and is therefore of particular relevance for a two or three-year assignment in different to the specific development needs and potential recipient countries. Furthermore, the Government of the south. The SSC programme is a cost- of China also provides agricultural inputs, tools effective means to share development solutions and equipment for demonstration purposes in and enhance technical capacities. The technical some of its actions. advice and expertise provided through the FAO SSC programme is focussed on: The FAO-China South-South Cooperation Trust Fund Phase II for 2016 will be based on six major 1. facilitating the exchange and sharing of criteria: development options, providing practical 1. scaling-up the success and experience of guidance and support to ensure high quality previous experiences; knowledge sharing (short-, medium- and 2. supporting FAO’s Strategic Objectives and long-term exchanges, learning routes, study Regional Initiatives, in full alignment with tours and training); China’s strategic priorities; 2. fostering knowledge management and 3. clear and identifiable impact and results; networks, connecting South-South solution 4. catalytic effect for wider partnership; providers with seekers (supply and demand), 5. demand-driven and responsive to the needs of scaling-up knowledge sharing and enhancing host countries; and two-way learning among a wide range of 6. focus on LIFDCs. southern actors; ©FAO/ Matthias Halwart

Sustainable Development of Aquaculture and Inland Fisheries under the framework of the FAO-China South South Cooperation (SSC) Programme. International High Level Consultative Expert Workshop (IHLCEW), Wuxi, P.R. China 1-5 June 2015

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 17 Moreover, the 8 strategic priority technical areas of security and rural development in developing China for 2016 are: countries, and identified the most urgent needs and 1. crop production and processing challenges in less aquaculture developed countries 2. field irrigation and proposed mechanisms to address them via 3. livestock SSC especially the FAO-China SSC Programme. 4. aquaculture 5. horticulture The workshop was attended by participants from 6. agriculture mechanization 10 countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Guinea- 7. plant pest and Transboundary Animal Diseases Bissau, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, (TADs) control Mexico, Namibia, Senegal and Uzbekistan). 8. trade In addition, there were two regional partner institution representatives, namely the Network Regarding regional priorities, Africa and Asia, of Aquaculture Centres in Asia and the Pacific including Central Asia and the Pacific Islands will (NACA) and the Secretariat of the Pacific be the targeted regions. Community (SPC), plus 17 Chinese institutional representatives and 6 FAO staff. China as a provider of technical assistance on Some of the key project initiatives identified aquaculture during the workshop include the following: (i) China is the largest aquaculture producer enhancing food and nutrition security through in the world, and has a strong and extensive capacity building on farming of freshwater species experience in providing technical assistance on in West Africa, Latin America and Caribbean improved fish farming practices, aquaculture (LAC), and the Pacific; (ii) enhancing food legislation/regulatory framework, management and nutrition security in West Africa through of aquaculture statistical data, aquatic genetic aquaculture and rice-fish farming; (iii) improving resources conservation, use and management of governance to ensure sustainable aquaculture water resources, among many other fields of action. development for selected countries in Sub- Therefore, having the opportunity of counting on Saharan Africa, Latin America and Caribbean; Chinese experts to assist and support countries (iv) strengthening Aquaculture Statistics and Data towards sustainable aquaculture development is a Management in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia-Pacific, real asset, as China can be considered as pioneer LAC; (v) promotion of quality farm-made fish country on most of the highly-efficient and feeds and good feeding practices in Ssub-Saharan innovative aquaculture production techniques Africa, Asia-Pacific, LAC; (vi) promotion of being applied globally. The Chinese science on integrated agriculture–aquaculture, multi-trophic fish farming has much to offer to other developing farming (IMTF), and aquaponics systems in Ssub- countries, since aquaculture at all levels of intensity Saharan Africa, Asia, Central Asia and Pacific; has been practiced in China for centuries. (vii) improved genetic quality of aquaculture seed and conservation of genetic resources The International High-Level Consultative biodiversity; (viii) strengthening Aquatic Animal Expert Workshop (IHLCEW) on Sustainable Health Management and Biosecurity Control Development of Aquaculture and Inland Fisheries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia-Pacific, LAC; and The IHLCEW on Sustainable Development (ix) increasing the resilience of fish farmers and of Aquaculture and Inland Fisheries was held aquaculture sector against climate change and in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China, from 1 to 5 other risks in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia-Pacific, June 2015 under the framework of the FAO- LAC, among others. China SSC Programme, which funded the event. 1 The workshop was organized by FAO, jointly FAO Consultant with the Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre (FFRC) of the Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences (CAFS) with support from the Centre of International Cooperation Service (CICOS). The FFRC is the recognized Centre of Excellence for Chinese aquaculture.

The workshop formulated a 5-year agenda of priorities for action to promote sustainable inland fisheries and aquaculture development for food

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©Radio New Zealand Pacific Community (SPC) were invited to attend Pacific Community (SPC) were invited the Chinese the inauguration together with Jiansan Jia, Consulate in French Polynesia. Mr Aquaculture Deputy Director of Fisheries and (FIR) Division Conservation and Use Resources Fisheries and Aquaculture Department of the FAO congratulate delivered an Opening Remarks to and informed that the project on behalf of FAO the Blue Growth Initiative has launched FAO (BGI) aimed at contributing, in an economically, socially and environmentally responsible manner, to food security and nutrition, reduce poverty and aquaculture and fishery of sustainability promote and tap their potentials for income generation and employment creation to benefit the local coastal communities. The project will contribute to the BGI by setting up a good example of a large commercial-scale aquaculture development with private investment in the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and promoting the technology the public-private sector partnership transfer, (PPP) and the south-south cooperation that FAO has been actively pursuing. Further information can be obtained by writing to [email protected] FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 19 FAO An Aquaculture Development Project launched in Tahiti launched Project Development Aquaculture An The Inauguration Ceremony of the TNOF The Inauguration Ceremony of the he Tahiti Nui Ocean Foods (TNOF) project Nui Ocean Foods (TNOF) project he Tahiti company investment by a private is funded T based in Hong Kong SAR of China, with a total based in Hong Kong SAR of China, to develop investment of US$ 1.5 billion mainly shrimp, marine aquaculture (groupers, seabass, the of lagoons the in cucumber) sea and weeds sea project The Polynesia. French the in Island Hao in the islands will also build up a solar energy plant not only by to provide green energy to be used the aquaculture farms but also to supply the local coastal communities. Its long-term target is to produce 1.0 million tonnes of aquatic products with the possible future expansion of culture sites to other islands. The government of French Polynesia offered to provide a 30-year land use right that can be renewable twice, i.e. for a total with nine investment company 90 years, to the of years tax exemption. The project inauguration was witnessed by the President of French Polynesia, the High Commissioner of the French Government to French Polynesia and all ministers and mayors the French of the French Polynesia. The FAO, Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea South the Secretariat of (IFREMER) and the ©FAORAP

2nd Workshop on Regional Initiative on Sustainable Intensification of Aquaculture for Blue Growth in Asia-Pacific

Highlights of Regional Initiative for Blue Growth in Asia-Pacific

Miao Weimin FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand [email protected]

he FAO Regional Initiative on Sustainable The workshop was opened by the FAO TIntensification of Aquaculture for Blue Assistant Director General (ADG) and Regional Growth in Asia-Pacific was formulated and Representative for Asia and the Pacific (RAP). approved in 2014 as one of the four initiatives for The delivery manager of the regional initiative the region. This initiative aims to contribute to reviewed the overall status of the implementation; food and nutrition security, increased livelihood while the national focal points from each of the opportunities and blue economic growth through six countries reported the implementation status. supporting sustainable aquaculture in Asia-Pacific. The workshop participants discussed the major The implementation of the regional initiative issues and constraints in the implementation in 2014 was mainly through ongoing projects in of the regional initiative. The ADG of RAP the six focus countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, highly complimented the governments of the six the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste and Viet countries for their support to the implementation Nam) and some additional regional activities. In of the regional initiative and the progress made. 2015, there was significantly scaling- up with new He indicated that the regional initiative will play projects supported through Technical Cooperation more important role in implementing FAO’s Program (TCP), Multi-Disciplinary Fund (MDF) Strategic Framework in the next biennium and and other resources. Substantial progress was the scope of implementation will be expanded. achieved, with some highlights provided below. He requested the country delegates to update the existing country work plan by including activities The 2nd Workshop on the Regional Initiative, for 2016-2017. The country teams updated their Bangkok, Thailand on 13-14 March 2015 work plan with the support of FAO country nd The 2 Workshop on the Regional Initiative representative and delivery manager and presented on Sustainable Intensification of Aquaculture at the plenary. for Blue Growth in Asia-Pacific reviewed the implementation status and progress in the six Execution of new TCP projects for implementing focus countries; identified the issues, gaps and the regional initiative constraints; and determined further actions for As the effort of RAP management to support the full implementation of current workplans. the implementation of the regional initiative, a Government focal points and key technical number of new TCP and TCPF projects were persons responsible for implementation in the developed and approved at the end of 2014, which focus countries and their FAO Representatives include: (1) TCP/PHI/3502 “Building capacities and officers from FAO Regional Office for Asia for a climate resilient tilapia farming in the and the Pacific attended the workshop. Philippines”; (2) TCP/INS/3501-03 “Integrated economic zone development based on blue economic growth in Lombok Island, Indonesia”;

20 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 (3) TCP/SRL/3503-03 “Technical assistance Inception of Rice-fish Project in Indonesia on human resource capacity building related supported by the FAO Multi-Disciplinary Fund to fish genetics and broodstock management in Indonesia is currently the 3rd largest producer of Sri Lanka”; (4) TCP/SRL/3403-04 “Development both rice and aquaculture products in the world. of strategy for aquaculture value chain The country has some total 12 million ha of development for improved income generation of rice field, a large proportion is suitable for rice- small aquaculture and fish supply to consumers”; fish farming. In order to improve the income of (5) TCP/TIM/3502-04 “Feasibility study and rice farmers and aquaculture producers in the Asia-Pacific pilot culture production of marine finfish cage country, the Indonesia government launched a culture (grouper, snapper) in Timor Leste” and one-million hectare rice-fish project a few years (6) TCP/VIE/3502-04 “Assessment of causes ago. Promoting innovative farming practices for and impacts of failed intensive shrimp farming better sustainability and higher efficiency is one of on livelihoods of small farmers and piloting the main areas of work under this FAO regional sustainable shrimp farming in provinces of Soc initiative. Trang and Bac Lieu, Viet Nam”. In order to support the national initiative Inception workshops were held, respectively, promoting rice-fish and build synergy between the for TCP/PHI/3502, TCP/INS/3501-03, TCP/ FAO initiative and the national rice-fish project, a SRL/3503-03 and TCP/VIE/3502-04 which raised project entitled “Demonstration of innovative rice- awareness to the regional initiative and the projects fish farming in Indonesia and the dissemination in among stakeholders, presented preparatory Asia-Pacific” was developed and approved with studies for the project implementation, introduced FAO Multi-Disciplinary Fund (MDF) support of new knowledge and technology and innovative USD 255 000. practices and developed project implementation plans. All the projects are currently being This project, which complements the national implemented and will be completed by mid-2016. rice-fish project, is aimed to: 1) develop a technical manual on innovative rice-fish farming practices and Progress of Global Environment Facility (GEF) conduct practical training for the demonstration Project - Community-based Climate Resilient farmers; 2) support 80-100 farmers to demonstrate Fisheries & Aquaculture Development in innovative rice-fish farming practices for a full rice Bangladesh (GCP /BGD/055/LDF) crop; and 3) disseminate the project outputs and The Program Planning Grant (PPG) for the share knowledge and experiences for scaling up project GCP/BGD/055/LDF “Community- innovative rice-fish farming in Indonesia and the based Climate Resilient Fisheries and Aquaculture Asia-Pacific region through documentation of the Development in Bangladesh” approved in farm demonstration and organization of national 2014, is the first GEF project that specifically and regional workshops. targets fisheries and aquaculture in the region. A Project Inception Workshop held from It became an important activity supporting the 4-5 August 2015 in Jakarta, participated by wide implementation of the regional initiative for Blue range of stakeholders, included a review of national Growth in Bangladesh. The Inception Workshop, rice-fish project, overview of rice-fish culture in held from 20-21 July 2014 in Dhaka informed the world, and organic/healthy rice production government agencies and relevant stakeholders through integrated rice-fish production in on project objectives and the PPG process, and Indonesia. The draft technical guidelines on obtained inputs and suggestions to the project innovative rice-fish farming for demonstration design and implementation and generated under the project was presented and reviewed. ownership on the process and the outputs. The The participants discussed the arrangement for national team working with the FAO Team and supporting farm demonstration, such as quality international consultant have been developing the seed supply and extension service, etc. A detailed full project document. A national workshop on project implementation plan was discussed and 16 June 2015 was held to validate the draft GEF generally agreed. More importantly, the workshop Project Document. The project document is now raised awareness of how innovative rice-fish being finalized for submission to FAO and GEF farming can contribute to higher productivity Secretariat for final approval. and better products quality in rice system and sustained rice farming through significantly increased income of small rice farmers.

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 21 The Central Asia Regional Programme for Fisheries and Aquaculture Development (2009-2014)

Thomas Moth-Poulsen and Haydar Fersoy [email protected] amd [email protected]

he Central Asia Regional Programme for • Enhanced national institutional capacity for TFisheries and Aquaculture Development developing inland fisheries and aquaculture in (FishDev-Central Asia) was implemented over a planned/strategic manner through assistance the period 2009-2014 as part of the FAO-Turkey in national policies/strategies and updating of Partnership Programme framework. Central fisheries legislation. Asian fisheries and aquaculture have seen a remarkable decline in fish production following • Launched of a regional initiative that led to the Soviet Union’s breakdown. The Programme the establishment of a Regional Fisheries was in response to the need for strengthening an Management Organization, namely the institutional capacity corresponding to common Central Asian and Caucasus Fisheries and regional needs and priorities. The partners of Aquaculture Commission (CACFish). the programme include Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Considerable technical and financial support Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkey. Kazakhstan were provided to the 5-year Work Programme and Turkmenistan were occasionally invited to the of CACFish and to the work programme of events of the Programme. the Technical Advisory Committee of the Commission. The Programme aimed to achieve the following: (1) a formally established regional fisheries • Strengthened regional cooperation mechanism and aquaculture arrangement in the form of which became the primary regional Regional Fishery Body or Network covering cooperation tool addressing key challenges of the participating countries; 2) strengthened the region until the establishment of CACFish. fisheries and aquaculture sector policy, legal and institutional frameworks; 3) capacity building • Capacity and skills development through and education programme for fisheries and more than 30 regional workshops and aquaculture professionals of the region established 12 study tours organized and 15 practical and functioning; and 4) increased sustainability in training courses delivered in the field with the management of fisheries and aquaculture. a high numbers of participation from line ministries, academia, research institutions, The Programme became a regional flagship hatchery managers, fish farmers, and cooperation instrument which sought to introduce representatives of fisher’s organizations. new technologies and to improve technical The training subjects included intensive and knowledge, and experiences for the benefit of the semi-intensive production techniques for partners. Donor ownership and partners’ support pond culture; hatchery management systems as well as keeping the key stakeholders on board and techniques; broodstock management; were among the key factors contributing to the aquatic fish health management; basics of accomplishment of the programme. fish feeding and manufacturing technology; water use techniques; cage culture; culture- The Programme successfully completed all of its based fisheries; fish stock assessment; fisheries planned activities and achieved all the expected data collection, analysis and dissemination; outcomes. These include: lake management; fisheries policy and

22 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 strategy development; hygiene and safety • Prepared donor project documents (i.e. of fishery products; fish disease management; Regional Micro-finance Project; Inland Fish management of alien fish introductions; Hatchery Project for Tajikistan; and the and monitoring, control and surveillance in Regional Fisheries Education and Training fisheries. Programme).

• Analysis and assessment of comparative • Published and disseminated a total of 22 FAO organizational fisheries structures of technical guidelines, manuals or reports. selected partners in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. • Promoted research capacity and regional scientific cooperation. • Technical advice provided to national Asia-Pacific authorities on, among others, sustainable The representatives of the partner countries exploitation of fisheries resources, legislative expressed their appreciation for the contributions and institutional structures, as well as fisheries made by the Programme during the final management and protection (ecosystem Tripartite Review Meeting held on 5 June 2014 approach to fisheries; fisheries resource in Baku, Azerbaijan. There has been wide management, including inland fish stock acknowledgement that, as a flagship cooperation assessment; basics of environmental impact instrument, the Programme took a lead role assessment, etc). in developing regional institutional capacity, technical cooperation and strategic partnerships, • Facilitated dissemination of better manage- aligning varying types of the needs of its ment practices and farming techniques. partners. The meeting found it beneficial to develop a complementary project for ensuring • Promoted the establishment or strengthening maximum efficiency and sustainability of the of Fisher’s Organization. achieved outcomes of the FishDev-Central Asia. The complementary project is planned to be • Became a regional platform which brought implemented in the near future under the next together the fisheries managers, decision phase of FAO-Turkey Partnership Programme. makers, researchers, representatives of Joint efforts are underway to implement the fishers’ organizations, and traders/investors Regional Fisheries Education and Training while paying a special attention to gender Programme in the near future as the part of the issues and due attendance of women at its 5-year Work Programme of the Central Asian and activities. Partner countries were given the Caucasus Fisheries and Aquaculture Commission opportunity to attend sessions/meetings covering the period 2016-2020. of international fisheries platforms, namely FAO’s Committee on Fisheries, COFI, and its sub-committees and thus contributed to partners’ familiarization with international and global fisheries issues and facilitated development of a regional pool of experts networking among the institutions, experts and donors.

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 23 Micronesian Association for Sustainable Aquaculture established

Pedro Bueno1; Blaise Kuemlangan2; Percy Bitoch Rechelluul3 and Francis Chopin4 1International Consultant; 2Development Law Services, Rome; 3Bureau of Marine Resources, Palau; 4FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

new intergovernmental network organization goal or falter and stumble is now entirely up to A- the Micronesian Association for Sustainable us”, he said. The heads of delegations of the other Aquaculture (MASA) — came into force on governments likewise hailed the birth of MASA 25 November 2015 after high level officials of and pledged their support. the founding member governments signed its charter agreement. The adoption of the MASA The Honorable Michael Konelios, RMI’s Agreement marked the transition of MASA as a Minister for Resources and Development, project by the Food and Agriculture Organization said that establishing MASA is a worthwhile (FAO) to an independent organization, owned accomplishment to which RMI is committed to and operated by its member governments. The fully support as it takes its first difficult steps. event, hosted by Government of Palau was held on 23-25 November in Koror. Palau will also Mr Peter Diema, pointed out that the signing — host the headquarters of MASA. The members – which marks the fruition of years of discussions those that signed the MASA Agreement – are the that began in 2009 among FAO, Secretariat of Republic of Marshall Islands (RMI) and Nauru. the Pacific Community (SPC) and their member The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), which states— is the beginning of a new movement participated in the High Level Officials Meeting and invigorating development for aquaculture and MASA Inaugural Meeting, deferred. in Micronesia. He said that aquaculture is in the blood of the Nauruan people, a part of their culture Inaugural meeting and heritage through milkfish farming, a tradition MASA convened its first meeting on 25 November. that had been lost through modernization. The The Honorable F. Umiich Sengebau, Minister of economic crisis that the Nauruans experienced Natural Resources, Environment and Tourism of was the wake-up call that brought aquaculture Palau, was elected Chair of the Association and Mr back to the forefront, especially with regards to Peter Diema, Member of the Board of Directors of sustainable livelihood. Sustainable livelihood in Nauru’s Marine Resources and Fishery Authority aquaculture encapsulates food security, income as Vice-Chair. The inaugural meeting adopted generation and alternative livelihood, he declared. the MASA administrative instruments and its Three-Year Technical Work Program. Palau will FSM’s Deputy Assistant Secretary of the constitute an Interim Secretariat at the Bureau of Department of Resources and Development, Marine Resources (BMR) Mr Valentin Martin said the government recognizes the importance of the establishment of MASA, as One of its first tasks is to draft MASA’s plan of evidenced by the commitment and endorsement to work for 2016; the Association decided to meet establish MASA by President Peter Christian at the again in July 2016 in Koror. 15th Micronesian President Summit held in Majuro, in July 2015. He added that the management and Commitments development of aquaculture and coastal fisheries Minister Sengebau declared that the signing of are a high priority in the National and State Strategic MASA’s charter agreement means they have Development Plans. The national government has agreed to work together to pursue the goals undertaken consultations with all the FSM states of the Association, committed to support and in developing a national aquaculture development provide the resources so that it fulfills the region’s and management policy with technical assistance expectations. “We shall continue to work with and support from the SPC. Through MASA, FSM other’s institutions in productive and mutually expects effective collaboration and partnership beneficial partnerships, but whether we reach our by development partners, regional organizations

24 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 as well as technical institutions in delivering Prospects the required technical services and assistance to FAO announced the prospect of South-South MASA members. Cooperation as a mechanism to support the aquaculture development of the four MASA Presidential call for self-reliance and countries. A project concept was presented at the partnerships High Level Officials Meeting as an opportunity At the opening of the High Level Officials for implementation with MASA in a likely three- Meeting on 23 November 2015, President Tommy party partnership with FAO and the Secretariat of Asia-Pacific Remengesau, Jr. of Palau mentioned four reasons the Pacific Community. Among its objectives is to why aquaculture should be given high priority develop guides for public and private investments in the Micronesian countries. There is a need to: to support aquaculture growth. (i) increasingly become self-reliant in producing food for their citizens and the increasing number As MASA is now an independent organization and of visitors; (ii) find new livelihood opportunities embarking on collaborative projects in partnership and jobs for an increasing number of young people with other organizations, the following projects entering the labor market; (iii) reduce the pressure were recommended for immediate development: on already stressed wild fishery resources; (i) a MASA information platform, particularly a (iv) urgently to work together to reduce MASA website; (ii) a Micronesian Aquaculture vulnerability and mitigate the risks to welfare Development Strategy; and (iii) an Aquatic Animal due climate change impacts. He stressed that the Health Strategy for Micronesia. members of MASA should demonstrate to donor agencies and technical assistance organizations that Mr Gavin Wall, FAO Sub-regional Coordinator in partnering with MASA, their contributions to for the Pacific expressed his gratitude to the the partnership would be more efficiently applied countries and partners in successfully concluding and the benefits more widely spread. the work under TCP/SAP/3403: Assistance in the establishment of a Micronesian Network on He recalled that the High Level Officials Meeting Sustainable Aquaculture. In looking forward, to establish MASA was endorsed during the Mr Wall encouraged the countries to be pragmatic Micronesian Presidents Summit (MPS) in Majuro, in their approach to aquaculture development and Marshall Islands last July 2015. The MPS is an growth. Understanding and managing technical annual meeting of the presidents of FSM, Palau and financial risks will facilitate good decision- and RMI. making by governments and the private sector and an area where FAO could contribute assistance in the future.

The logo of the Micronesian Association for Sustainable Aquaculture

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 25 Horizon 2020: Promoting sustainable aquaculture José Aguilar-Manjarrez FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy [email protected]

Background orizon 2020 is the largest European Union (EAA) in both marine and freshwater environments, H(EU) research and innovation programme and marine spatial planning (MSP) - and other with nearly 80 billion euros (US$86 billion) tools - to provide an increased area of high water in funding available over seven years (2014 to quality for aquaculture so as to deliver food 2020). The primary objective of Horizon 2020 is security and increased employment opportunities to improve Europe’s competitiveness, boosting through economic growth. AquaSpace will work growth and job creation through investment in in collaboration with the aquaculture industry, research and innovation (http://ec.europa.eu/ other stakeholders, and coastal managers and programmes/horizon2020). planners in the European Economic Area and beyond to produce a range of tools (including In December 2013, the Technical Cooperation GIS, remote sensing and mapping) that will enable Department of FAO and the Directorate General effective implementation of EAA and MSP to for Research and Innovation of the EU jointly support the aquaculture sector. Sixteen case studies delivered an information event concerning from different countries with a range of scales, Horizon 2020, for which a call for proposals had environments and space-related development been launched by the European Commission, constraints as defined by local stakeholders will which included many topics that are relevant for be assessed to improve and/or create appropriate the achievement of FAO’s five Strategic Objectives. tools using a common process so as to facilitate Even as FAO is not a research organization; synthesis and comparison. however, the EU prefers to see FAO as member of the consortia of research organizations, which The AquaSpace project started in March 2015, with are typically in charge of the implementation of duration of 36 months and a total budget of 3 million Horizon 2020 projects, FAO can be instrumental euros (US$3 200 000). The project coordinator is in: the Scottish Association for Marine Science with • translating food and agriculture-related research results and findings into concrete policies and actions, especially outside the EU; and • coordinating and supporting the collaboration between European partners in the North and South.

Many Horizon 2020 topics are available to all departments at FAO. Currently, the FAO Aquaculture Branch (FIRA) and the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) are participating in a project entitled “Ecosystem Approach to Making Space for Sustainable Aquaculture” (AquaSpace) plus, the FAO Aquaculture Branch and the FAO Products, Trade and Marketing Branch (FIPM) are participating in another project entitled “Marine Investment for the Blue Economy” (MARIBE). Example of an aquaculture Web application for Scotland, the United Kingdom Ecosystem Approach to Making Space for of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, illustrating active seawater fish sites and marine management areas. Source: ©Crown Copyright. Scottish Government Sustainable Aquaculture (AquaSpace) Licence Number 100020540. All Rights Reserved. Joint Nature Conservation The main objective of this project is, through Committee Support Co., 100017955 (2012). adopting the ecosystem approach to aquaculture Map application: http://aquaculture.scotland.gov.uk/map/map.aspx

26 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 21 consortium partners including FAO. FAO does The MARIBE project started in March 2015, with a not lead the consortium or a work package; FAO’s duration of 18 months and a total budget of 2 million tasks will be to: euros (US$2 200 000). The project coordinator • prepare a review of current approaches to is University College Cork, in Ireland, with spatial planning for aquaculture in marine and 10 consortium partners including FAO. freshwater environments in Europe and non- EU Mediterranean and Black Sea countries, FAO does not lead the consortium or a work covering the GFCM area of competence; and package. FAO’s tasks are to: • conduct a workshop to present and validate • provide inputs to different work packages to the results of the review. ensure the inclusion/relevance of aquaculture Europe and non-EU countries; and To learn more about the project, please visit the • to work with stakeholders developing projects project website at: www.aquaspace-h2020.eu. in the Caribbean, advising on possible partners, regional legislation, etc. FAO task force members include: Jose Aguilar Manjarrez, Doris Soto, Fabio Massa, Davide To learn more about the project, please visit the Fezzardi, Kathrin Bacher, Rosa Chapela and project website at: www.maribe.eu or follow the Giulio Cataldi. project on Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn.

Marine Investment for the Blue Economy FAO Task force members include: Jose Aguilar (MARIBE) Manjarrez, Junning Cai, Raymon VanAnrooy, Melanie Torrie and Giulio Cataldi. MARIBE is a Horizon2020 project that aims to unlock the potential of multi-use of space in the offshore economy (also referred to as the Blue Economy). This forms part of the long-term Blue Growth strategy to support sustainable growth in the marine and maritime sectors as a whole which is at the heart of the Integrated Maritime Policy, the EU Innovation Union, and the Europe 2020 strategy for smart, sustainable growth. Within the Blue Economy, there are new and emerging sectors comprising technologies that are early stage and novel. These are referred to as Blue Growth sectors and they have developed independently for the most part without pursuing cooperation opportunities with other sectors. MARIBE aims to identify and develop opportunities for cross- sectoral cooperation within these sectors in order to develop the individual sectors and to comply with and enhance marine spatial planning. Demo project in action (Albatern). Wave Energy Scotland, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a subsidiary of Highlands and Islands Enterprise, has The MARIBE team will work with selected EU- announced a GBP720 000 (US$800 000) partnership to demonstrate wave energy funded consortia (particularly those involved in the converters as a means of powering offshore aquaculture installations. If developed, the installations could provide wave energy to remote island communities. MARIBE Oceans of Tomorrow projects) to develop cross- is working with Albatern to develop its cooperation with the aquaculture sector. sectoral projects. It will also focus on six additional Source: http://renews.biz/100120/aquaculture-rides-the-wave sectoral combinations that present potential for synergistic collaboration. Choosing one project per combination, the MARIBE partners will take a hands-on approach to developing collaboration, brokering partnerships where necessary and assisting with the creation of the business plans and implementation plans required to secure investment.

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 27 Sustainable Aquaculture Development in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea

Fabio Massa and Dominique Bourdenet, General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) [email protected]; [email protected]

ne of the objectives of the General Fisheries should integrate in their national marine spatial OCommission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) planning schemes a strategy for aquaculture of FAO is to ensure sustainable aquaculture development, including management schemes for development in the Mediterranean and the the identification and allocation of specific zones Black Sea. As a regional fisheries management dedicated to aquaculture. organization (RFMO), the GFCM through its Committee on Aquaculture (CAQ) has been In parallel, activities have been carried out working for many years now towards creating through the CAQ to support countries in the an enabling framework and useful instruments establishment of AZAs. For instance, subregional to facilitate, in a coordinated and harmonious training sessions were organized, in cooperation manner, sustainable aquaculture development. It with the Aquaculture Branch of FAO, in Morocco is also in the process of establishing a specific task (M’Ddiq, February 2013) for the southern force in charge of developing a “strategy for the Mediterranean countries (Morocco, Algeria and sustainable development of Mediterranean and Tunisia) and in Turkey (Trabzon, February 2013) Black Sea aquaculture”. for the Black Sea countries (Turkey, Bulgaria, Russia, Ukraine and Romania). Other meetings This article briefly illustrates some of the most were held in Georgia (Batumi, September important tools developed within the GFCM 2015) and Albania (Valona, October 2015). in collaboration with regional experts and stakeholders and through cooperative frameworks. Environmental monitoring programme (EMP) It is based in particular on recent developments Resolution GFCM/36/2012/1 also acknowledges which emerged after the thirty-ninth session the importance of marine environmental quality of the Commission (Italy, May 2015) as well as and highlights that monitoring finfish marine on the outcomes of the Regional Aquaculture aquaculture is fundamental to evaluate the Conference held in December 2014 (see also impacts of aquaculture on the environment and Taking sediment samples for environmental monitoring pp. 18-19 FAN 53). on aquaculture itself. For this reason, the CAQ suggested that an aquaculture environmental Allocated zones for aquaculture (AZA) monitoring programme (EMP) be implemented The rapid development of aquaculture along in areas surrounding finfish farms and was given the Mediterranean and Black Sea shores and the the mandate to proceed with the preparation of increasing pressure exerted on coastal zones call for specific guidelines for establishing an EMP in the a specific integration of aquaculture within marine Mediterranean and the Black Sea. spatial planning and for the improvement of site selection, including through the establishment The EMP should accompany the whole AZA of allocated zones for aquaculture (AZAs). The establishment and implementation process. For above are considered as immediate priorities for every AZA, an allowable zone of effect should the responsible development of the sector in the be defined for aquaculture activities in the close region. vicinity of each farm and monitored through an EMP. The guidelines should serve as a practical In recognition of these priorities, the GFCM tool at the disposal of stakeholders and institutions has dedicated increased attention to the AZA in the aquaculture sector and as a record- concept. In 2012, a resolution on guidelines on keeping system where relevant information and allocated zones for aquaculture (Resolution environmental parameters could be stored and used GFCM/36/2012/1)1 was adopted as a basic to perform periodic environmental assessments framework, at the regional level, to steer GFCM and monitoring. members towards aquaculture development. This resolution clearly states that members

28 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 for each indicator, a methodological sheet has been prepared. These regional indicators should hopefully provide a useful instrument to improve communications among stakeholders and follow the progress of aquaculture development in the ©FAO/Fabio Massa ©FAO/Fabio region. It is worth mentioning that all this work could not have been done without the involvement of stakeholders, both at the national and regional level, namely aquaculture actors dealing with

administration, research, NGOs and industry. Europe ne of the objectives of the General Fisheries OCommission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) In this respect, the Indicators for sustainable of FAO is to ensure sustainable aquaculture aquaculture in Mediterranean and Black Sea development in the Mediterranean and the countries — Guide for the use of indicators to Black Sea. As a regional fisheries management monitor sustainable development of aquaculture3 organization (RFMO), the GFCM through its represent a useful decision support tool for Committee on Aquaculture (CAQ) has been Offshore aquaculture cages in Cyprus monitoring the sustainable development of working for many years now towards creating aquaculture, based on a set of practical indicators an enabling framework and useful instruments to facilitate, in a coordinated and harmonious The work carried out so far by the CAQ, fruit ©P. Tomassetti,ISPRA manner, sustainable aquaculture development. It of a cooperation process among Mediterranean is also in the process of establishing a specific task and Black Sea countries, focussed in particular on force in charge of developing a “strategy for the several technical aspects connected to EMP scope sustainable development of Mediterranean and and principles, reporting systems and contents, Black Sea aquaculture”. including information related to logbooks records and monitoring. This article briefly illustrates some of the most important tools developed within the GFCM In line with this work, the GFCM plans to in collaboration with regional experts and assess in 2015–2016 the applicability of EMPs in stakeholders and through cooperative frameworks. the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. These and It is based in particular on recent developments other aspects related to AZAs and EMPs will be which emerged after the thirty-ninth session discussed on the occasion of a meeting organized of the Commission (Italy, May 2015) as well as by the GFCM (within the SHoCMed project) in on the outcomes of the Regional Aquaculture Italy (Cattolica, 27 November 2015). Conference held in December 2014 (see also Taking sediment samples for environmental monitoring pp. 18-19 FAN 53). Indicators to monitor sustainable aquaculture development adapted to the GFCM area. These guidelines Allocated zones for aquaculture (AZA) Sustainable aquaculture development needs to be provide information and methodology elements The rapid development of aquaculture along monitored for its economic, social, environmental for the selection and use of indicators. They are the Mediterranean and Black Sea shores and the and governance dimensions and the identification based on the principles-criteria-indicators (PCI) increasing pressure exerted on coastal zones call for of indicators for this purpose has been on the approach and account for the main dimensions a specific integration of aquaculture within marine agenda of the GFCM for several years. The aim is of sustainability (economic, social, environmental spatial planning and for the improvement of site to set up a comprehensive framework to improve and governance). selection, including through the establishment the understanding of aquaculture development in of allocated zones for aquaculture (AZAs). The order to plan actions to support it and improve its As a follow-up of this work, the GFCM will carry above are considered as immediate priorities for governance in the whole region. out in 2015–2016 its activities on specific indicators the responsible development of the sector in the for shellfish culture. In this respect, a regional region. Up to now, the CAQ focussed its work on the meeting on “Mussel and oyster aquaculture in identification of a basket of 156 indicators for the Mediterranean and the Black Sea and on In recognition of these priorities, the GFCM finfish aquaculture2. Moreover, pilot studies have the identification of sustainability indicators” has dedicated increased attention to the AZA been implemented in several countries (Tunisia, organized in Italy (Cattolica, 23–26 November concept. In 2012, a resolution on guidelines on Turkey, Spain, Greece, Morocco and Montenegro) 2015) with the support of the InDAM4 project. allocated zones for aquaculture (Resolution to select the most suitable indicators at the GFCM/36/2012/1)1 was adopted as a basic country level. More recently, at the GFCM level, framework, at the regional level, to steer GFCM 21 regional indicators have been identified and, members towards aquaculture development. This resolution clearly states that members

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 29 Coastal lagoon management and decision-makers involved in developing The Mediterranean coast hosts around 400 coastal a sustainable management strategy for coastal lagoons which cover a surface of over 641 000 ha lagoons in the region. and differ in both typology and use. If traditional GFCM website: www.fao.org/gfcm lagoon management has certainly contributed to preserve their peculiar ecosystems, much has progressively disappeared due to land claiming, 1These guidelines were elaborated as an output of the work pollution, conflicts among users and lack of carried out within the SHoCMed project on “Developing management, among other factors. site selection and carrying capacity guidelines for Mediterranean aquaculture within aquaculture appropriate areas”, cofounded by the European Commission (DG Understanding the sensitive habitats in the coastal Mare). lagoons and in order to encourage the responsible 2GFCM. Indicators for the sustainable development of management of both traditional aquaculture and finfish Mediterranean aquaculture: highlights from the artisanal capture fisheries, the CAQ has prepared InDAM Project. Studies and Reviews. General Fisheries guidelines for the sustainable management of Commission for the Mediterranean. No. 90 Rome, FAO. 2011. 218pp. (available at http://www.faosipam.org/ coastal lagoons in the Mediterranean and the Black GfcmWebSite/docs/StuRev/GFCM_Studies_Review_90_ Sea. These guidelines, recently acknowledged Indicators.pdf). by the Commission at its thirty-ninth session, 3Fezzardi D., Massa F., Àvila-Zaragoza P., Rad F., Yücel- represent an important contribution to the efforts Gier G., Deniz H., Hadj Ali Salem M., Hamza H.A., that are currently being deployed to preserve the Ben Salem S. Indicators for sustainable aquaculture in vulnerable environment and economic activities Mediterranean and Black Sea countries. Guide for the use of indicators to monitor sustainable development of of coastal lagoons. Based on a multi-stakeholder aquaculture. Studies and Reviews. General Fisheries approach and using the concept of integrated Commission for the Mediterranean. No 93. Rome, FAO. coastal zone management (ICZM), the guidelines 2013. 60 pp (available at www.fao.org/docrep/017/i3194e/ also aim at providing key elements for developing i3194e.pdf). plans of actions in the GFCM area. 4The project on Indicators for Sustainable Development of Aquaculture and Guidelines for their use in the Mediterranean (InDAM) is funded with the support of the In this respect, it worth mentioning the recent European Commission (DG Mare). publication of the volume “Mediterranean coastal 5Cataudella, S. Crosetti, D. Massa, F., eds. 2015. lagoons: sustainable management and interactions Mediterranean coastal lagoons: sustainable management among aquaculture, capture fisheries and the and interactions among aquaculture, capture fisheries and environment5”. This book presents an exhaustive the environment. Studies and Reviews. General Fisheries review of the situation of coastal lagoons in the Commission for the Mediterranean. No. 95. Rome, FAO. 279 pp. (available at www.fao.org/3/a-i4668e.pdf) GFCM area and provides useful information and technical support to administrators, managers

Continued from page 31 a workshop in Panama City from the 19th to the Facilitated by FAO, the government repre- 21st of May, 2015. A total of 23 delegates from sentatives identified the challenges which need to 11 countries participated in the workshop (Belize, be overcome in order to increase the consumption Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Honduras, El of fish products in Mesoamerica. These challenges Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama were categorized under two results: 1) System to and Dominican Republic). Except for Belize, each ensure the safety of products of artisanal fisheries country had one delegate representing the food and small-scale aquaculture destined for domestic safety authority and another representing the consumption strengthened, and 2) Consumption fisheries and aquaculture authority participating of fishery products and aquaculture produced in the workshop. An additional eight participants nationally promoted. For rise these results FAO is from FAO, INFOPESCA and OIRSA supported developing a strategic action plan under coordinate the event. actions between governments and stakeholders in the Central American countries.

30 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 Workshop on Fish Consumption in Mesoamerica: Prospects to increase its contribution to the nutrition of the population

Carlos E. Pulgarin and John Valbo Jørgensen Subregional Office for Mesoamerica FAO-SLM Panama [email protected]; [email protected]

ish products (products from fisheries and resource to help achieve food and nutrition Faquaculture) are essential for achieving food security in the region. security, good nutrition and health. Fish accounted for 16.7 percent of the global population’s intake Promoting the consumption of fishery and Latin America and the Caribbean of animal protein and 6.5 percent of all protein aquaculture products poses some challenges like, consumed. The nutritional benefits of fish are well for example breaking traditional consumption known; mainly its high lipid composition of long patterns, increasing quality and safety, establishing chain, or polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, a appropriate marketing channels as well as improving complete amino acid profile, high concentrations product knowledge and benefits to consumers and of methionine and lysine, and important sources the environment. Strategies to overcome these of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). These challenges may vary between countries, and will features contribute to better nutrition and therefore require a thorough analysis of the following aspects health and wellness of billions of consumers. at country level: Accessibility of fishery products by the population, its supply chain, infrastructure For Central America, fisheries play an important and cost compared with other food, as well as role in the economy of the countries. A recent regulations governing hygiene practices, HACCP study showed that the average production volume (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points), between 2000 and 2010 in Costa Rica, El Salvador, traceability of products, and the strengthening of Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama management control. It is also essential to ensure is about 422 210 tons, this is equivalent to USD the compliance with the relevant national laws 2 billion per year, and 24.5 percent of GDP from and international agreements efficiency and better primary production. In employment terms, this coordination and communication between them. represents more than 250 000 jobs along the value chain (data does not include employment generated Considering this complex scenario, the FAO by aquaculture) for these countries. Despite the Sub-regional Office for Mesoamerica (SLM), importance of fisheries and aquaculture sectors in the “International Regional Organization for the economy of this region the average per capita Agricultural Health” (OIRSA, for its acronym consumption in most countries of Central America in Spanish) and the Mexican Agency for is well below the world average. In contrast, in International Development (AMEXCID, for its Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), nearly acronym in Spanish) under the “Mesoamerica 30 million people suffer from malnutrition or Sin Hambre” programme framework, organized undernourishment. Seafood can thus be a great Continued on page 30 ©FAO/Carlos E. Pulgarin

Participants at the Workshop

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 31 Chile prepares to face climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture

Meyling Tang1 and Doris Soto2 2FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy [email protected]; [email protected] ©Meyling Tang,©Meyling Chile

FAO launched last April a pioneer project initiative in Valparaiso, Chile “Strengthening the adaptive capacity to climate change in the Chilean fisheries and aquaculture sector”

he Chilean Undersecretariat Project Preparation Grant He emphasized “that is why we Tfor Fisheries and (PPG) phase, and being should learn and work together Aquaculture (SUBPESCA) of developed by a team of national to minimize impacts on fisheries the Ministry of Economy and and international experts with and aquaculture communities the Ministry of Environment of the technical support of FAO and on the resources they Chile (MMA), with the support and with the participation and depend upon”. of the FAO launched last April leadership of SUBPESCA and a pioneer project initiative in MMA. It is expected that the Technical presentations high- Latin America “Strengthening implementation of the full lighted the need to improve the adaptive capacity to climate project will begin early in 2016. the scientific knowledge change in the Chilean fisheries and better understanding and aquaculture sector”. This At the launching event, the of adaptation options. The project – that could subsequently Deputy Regional Representative workshop recognized that, be replicated in other countries of FAO in Chile, Dr Eve this phenomenon adds new of the continent – is being funded Crowley, underscored that it is challenges to the ones the sector is by the Global Environmental essential to work jointly in the facing today, such as overfishing, Facility (GEF) through the development of a project that loss of natural habitats, and Special Climate Change Fund allows Chile to be prepared to pollution. The current situation (SCCF). face the climate change threats of some of the fisheries in the to fisheries and aquaculture in a country render them more The general objective of the planned manner. exposed and vulnerable to project is “to reduce the additional stressors such as vulnerability to climate change The Undersecretary of Fisheries climate change and therefore in the Chilean fisheries and and Aquaculture, Mr Raúl relevant efforts are needed aquaculture sector and to Súnico, assured that climate to improve their condition increase its adaptive capacity”. change represents a new especially by strengthening Following the GEF funding challenge for the public policies the adoption of the Code of cycle, the initiative is at the and governance of the sector. Conduct for Responsible

32 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 Latin America and the Caribbean

©Meyling Tang, Chile Aqua-journalist, FAO Consultant Aqua-journalist, FAO as well as delivering hands on as well as delivering training sessions for the benefit of the maximum range of aquaculture farmers, (fish stakeholders technicians, MPRH officers, etc.). The project is expected to to expected is project The public strengthen significantly institutions capacities and private to effective adaptation to address to improve and climate change capacity the local adaptive innovation through pilot management options and at least four approaches in aquaculture fisheries and Riquelme communities [Caleta Tongoy (II Region), Caleta Coliumo (IV Region), Caleta Caleta el (VIII Region) and At Manzano (X Region)]. the same time, dissemination and extension approaches are the expected to assist scaling-up project results. 1 Expected results Expected FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 33 FAO requested FAO to assist the NTF in NTF the assist to FAO requested order to ensure the establishment of about 40 mariculture projects (cage culture and longlines) during the biennium 2015-2016. He recalled the importance of of advice technical the receiving the launching of during FAO approved mariculture projects The workshop had a had The workshop from participation broad of different representatives small- including stakeholders farmers, fish scale fishers, fisheries, research industrial civil and extension institutions, the media society organizations, government and other relevant had institutions. Stakeholders to participate the opportunity activities groups working the in change to analyze climate their different adaptation from to discuss perspectives and consider in some criteria to the identification of pilot communities where exploratory adaptation options can be initiated.

Caleta Tongoy, Chile Caleta Tongoy, The mission engaged a wide a engaged mission The range of stakeholders including government officials and entrepreneurs to identify and agree on actions needed to support the development of marine officers aquaculture. The FAO met the Hon. Minister of MPRH, Mr Sid Ahmed Ferroukhi, who Continued from page 34 Fisheries and the implementation and the implementation Fisheries Ecosystem Approach of the to Fisheries adaptations discussed Other and Aquaculture. the strengthening included aquaculture of small-scale diversification and livelihood dependent for the fisheries with due coastal communities gender consideration to different of needs. The implementation monitoring local environmental the systems involving local fisheries participation of communities and aquaculture the capacity but also tapping on of industrial fisheries and aquaculture was indicated as a potential option. Technical support for the development of marine aquaculture sector in Algeria

Valerio Crespi FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy [email protected]

his article describes a new project under FAO’s A mission by two FAO officers Mr Valerio Crespi TTechnical Cooperation Programme (TCP) in (Aquaculture Officer, FIRA) and Mr Cherif Algeria, titled TCP/ALG/3501 “Technical support Toueilib (Fisheries Officer, FAOSNE), undertaken for the implementation of the marine aquaculture during end of June to officially launch the TCP sector within the framework of the National facility was aimed to assist the MPRH in the Aquaculture Development Programme 2015-2020”. preparation for and implementation of activities related to the startup of TCP/ALG/3501 project. During the period 2014-2015, FAO assisted the In particular, the mission tasks included the: Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources (MPRH) (i) establishment of a National Task Force (NTF), of Algeria in the validation of the National Strategy (ii) identification of national and international for the Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture consultants and revision of their Terms of Reference “Plan Aquapêche 2020” through a project funded (iii) identification of training needs and (iv) by the United Nations Development Programme elaboration of a comprehensive workplan to enable (UNDP) entitled “Support to the elaboration of the NTF to operate relatively independently. the national development strategy for fisheries and aquaculture (with special attention to the small-scale The project foresees the recruitment of two fisheries) 2015-2020”. international consultants (i.e. an expert on marine cage aquaculture, European seabass and gilthead The Algerian government has set among its priorities seabream, and an expert on marine hatcheries and the development of marine aquaculture particularly bivalve aquaculture) and two national consultants the establishment of fish farms for rearing European (i.e. an expert on marine aquaculture and an expert seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream on aquaculture processing and marketing). (Sparus aurata) in cages and Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus gallorpovincialis) using longlines. The project will last one year from July 2015 to July 2016. The budget holder of the project is The MPRH had identified 29 zones allocated to Mr Nabil Assaf (FAO Representative in Algeria). aquaculture along the national coastline. Thirteen The appointed National Programme Coordinator of mariculture projects have already been approved; this project is Ms Fadila Seridi from the MPRH. each project has an extension at sea between 2 to 20 hectares. The national aquaculture development Continued on page 33 strategy for 2015-2020 set by the government has the following objectives: ©FAO/Valerio Crespi

• Establishment of 127 projects on cages (each project composed of modules of 8 cages with expected annual production of up to 600 tonnes of fish - seabass and seabream). • Establishment of 50 projects using longlines (each project composed of 5 longlines with expected annual production up to 60 tonnes of bivalves - mussels and oysters). • Four projects on shrimp production (with expected production up to 50 tonnes per year).

The MPRH requested FAO’s technical assistance to validate technical documentation of aquaculture project proposals, selected aquaculture sites and Floating cages for seabream and seabass in Algeria capacity development of aquaculture stakeholders.

34 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 Near East and North Africa

: Market Total import and export of farmed aquatic Total products Import and export of major farmed species Main export destination for farmed species National per capita consumption of farmed aquatic products (value per tonne) • • • • • Domestic production (tonnes) • Imports (tonnes) • Feed prices for major farmed species Trade and consumption Trade Feed, fishmeal and fish oil:

www.raisaquaculture.net www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area51/en 2 1 the collection, distribution and sharing of aquaculture the collection, distribution and with the objective of data and information collection, submission and ensuring the timely aquaculture statistics and other sharing of accurate information in the RECOFI relevant aquaculture and data are important for area. Such information in regulating, both the private and public sectors will These supporting and managing the sector. production enable private operators to regulate their while as necessary, strategies, expand and diversify, that ensure to authorities national relevant allows it supported by the industry is properly regulated and as providing enacting adequate regulations as well sustainably. the incentives for the sector to grow 1(b) paragraphs The recommendation conforms with the RECOFI and (h), Article III and Article V of submission are Agreement. Included in the data statistics two mandatory parameters (production (market and production centres), one optional listed are submitted be to data Detailed parameters). 1. in Table writing to: Further information may be obtained by Piero Mannini, RECOFI Secretary ([email protected]) RECOFI-WGA Dawood Suleiman Al-Yahyai, Chairperson ([email protected]) ) of facilities of ) of facilities of 3 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 35 FAO Alessandro Lovatelli Regional [email protected] 1 Production Centres unit (segment) production centres per segment Unit (segment) of production

• • Number of production centres per • Cultured species per unit (segment) (m volume Total • • Destination of product per segment FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy Aquaculture Department, Rome, Fisheries and FAO (RECOFI) adopts recommendation recommendation adopts (RECOFI) to ensure reliable aquaculture data collection aquaculture reliable to ensure Statistical Areas Statistical 1 Eighth Session of the Regional Commission for Fisheries for Fisheries Commission the Regional Session of Eighth Production Statistics he eighth Session of the Regional Commission he eighth Session was held in Muscat, for Fisheries (RECOFI) Culture environment Cultured species System of culture of culture Type of product Type Capture-based aquaculture input Production quantity Production value • • • • • • • • • CWP T Oman, from 12 to 14 May 2015 and was attended by Oman, from 12 to 21 delegates from all of the 8 membersRECOFI of and 2 WWF). observer organizations (CITES and a number of topics related to the The agenda covered two subsidiary work of the previous biennium of its Group on Fisheries Management bodies, the Working Group on Aquaculture (WGFM) and the Working activities of number a undertaken had which (WGA), on a number in this period. In addition to agreeing adoption of a of important issues, such as the Group Working the for reference of terms revised and Regional on Aquaculture (WGA) focal points Aquaculture Information System (RAIS) Centre staff, the revision of the list of RECOFI Centre staff, the revision of the list (four additional capture species of common interest Commission took finfish species were included), the below. a few important decisions as described created as a The first was that the current RAIS, would now system for aquaculture information, data being be expanded to include capture fisheries collected under the RECOFI Recommendation RECOFI/6/2011/1 on Minimum Data Reporting in the RECOFI Area. adopted the RECOFI the Commission Additionally, Recommendation RECOFI/8/2015/1 on Minimum Reporting on Aquaculture Data and Information. This recommendation, was reviewed at the sixth meeting of the WGA, (Muscat, Oman, 21-23 October 2014), in view of the difficulties often associated with Data to be collected under the Recommendation RECOFI/8/2015/1 on Minimum Reporting on Aquaculture 1: Data to be collected under the Recommendation RECOFI/8/2015/1 on Minimum Reporting on Table Data and Information FAO launches the Blue Growth Initiative for champion countries in Near East and North Africa

Tony Thompson1, Paula Anton1, Lori Curtis2 and Piero Mannini2 1Regional Office for Near East and North Africa,FAO, Cairo, Egypt 2FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

lue growth is the sustainable development production, reduction of losses, and value- Bderived from activities in the oceans, wetlands added processing, and coastal zones, that maximize economic and • Environment – to benefit from the many social benefits and minimizes environmental services that the ecosystem offers, including degradation, biodiversity loss and unsustainable monitoring and rehabilitation, buffering use of living aquatic resources. The Blue Growth capacities, maintaining biodiversity, supply of Initiative (BGI) aims to promote the sustainable harvestable resources, and non-conventional use and conservation of the aquatic renewable uses, and resources through four components: • Social – ensuring that livelihoods, food • Capture fisheries – marine and inland; security and nutrition, are at the forefront • Aquaculture – freshwater, brackish and of development, with a special focus marine; on the rural poor and unlocking their • Livelihoods and food systems – including tremendous potential to assist in the trade/markets/post-harvest and social support, development of the country as a whole. • Eco-system services – including “novel”/ non-traditional ecosystem services in addition The Near East and North Africa region to fisheries, for example, that contribute to Aquaculture creating income, supporting livelihoods and The Near East and North Africa region (NENA) reducing poverty. extends from Mauritania to Iran. Yields from freshwater aquaculture have increased faster True blue growth is adaptive, cross-sectoral and than any other food production system, but so aims at long-term sustainably of maintaining (or far significant aquaculture production is limited recovering) ecosystem health and the provision mainly to Egypt and Iran. Marine aquaculture has of aquatic ecosystem services. This can only been attempted with varying levels of success and be achieved through responsible planning and is potentially an important growth sector, though adaptive management. Integral in the BGI are the current production remains low and several three pillars of sustainable development: issues need to be assessed through feasibility • Economic – including improvements in studies and impact assessments (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Aquaculture yields of finfish and crustacean from North Africa and Western Asia Freshwater and brackish water Marine 1.5 5

North Africa North Africa 4 Western Asia ) ) s s

n Western Asia d o 1 i l l a n i s 3 u ( M o s h e ( t n s n e 2 o n T 0.5 n o T 1

0 0 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

36 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 are supporting this sector in a variety of ways. Globally, there are many technological advances that can be applied and adapted to suit the region.

©FAO/Paula Anton ©FAO/Paula The BGI in Near East and North Africa (NENA- BGI) The NENA-BGI is focused on identifying and unlocking the potential from marine and freshwater ecosystems to improve livelihoods and increase fish available for consumption, while ensuring ecosystem sustainability, through the uptake of new or improved technologies, knowledge sharing, Mauritania’s national BGI Team at the Inception meeting in and building capacity in the areas needed. The BGI Nouakchott (10-12 August 2015) builds on previous and current work, and provides a framework for collaboration and progress. Freshwater capture fisheries, in countries where

it occurs, is largely unmanaged, small-scale and A number of inception workshops across the five Near East and North Africa affected by the demands of other industries champion countries in the region (Mauritania such as agriculture, industry, water resources Algeria, Morocco, Egypt, and Oman), are management, tourism, which are dependent currently being implemented to identify potential upon the ecosystem services provided by the focus areas for blue growth work, in particular limited freshwater resource. The status of many exploring: of the fish stocks which comprise marine capture • Marine and freshwater capture fisheries, fisheries production are either not known, or fully • Marine, brackish water, and freshwater or over exploited, and show little potential for aquaculture, and increased yields. Further, management needs to be • Post-harvest processing, marketing and trade. strengthened to ensure that over-fishing does not result in reduced yields. Due to the (unquantified The sustainable and efficient use of ecosystem but likely) high rates of losses and waste, the post- services to improve production and support harvest sector also shows potential to increase livelihoods is a key focus of the NENA-BGI. both fish availability through the reduction of Though this is a fisheries, aquaculture and post- losses, and increased revenue through more value- harvest initiative, it places these in the wider added products. context of the efficient use of ecosystems services and maintaining healthy environments. The NENA region also has other challenges. Most of the area is dry and hot, and freshwater is The implementation strategy is to collaborate with scarce and away from the major river systems of selected countries to identify suitable case studies the Nile and the Euphrates-Tigris river basins. It within the three categories above that can be is expected that climate change, combined with developed in the BGI framework. Each identified the continued and sometimes excessive use of case study would then be placed within a supply/ water for a wide range of services, will exacerbate value chain and SWOT analysis to generate blue the water scarcity problem. Further, population growth opportunities as well as the associated increases and urbanisation are expected to constraints which need to be addressed, that can increase the demand for fish throughout the be used to design suitable follow-up projects. The region. National plans are in place in many BGI will encourage the sharing of information countries to maintain and increase per capita fish throughout the region with the objective of consumption throughout the region, which is learning from the diverse activities already taking currently 40 percent less than the global average. place. Many countries are considering intensification programmes for freshwater aquaculture and the The ultimate objective is to support a framework development of marine aquaculture, to boost where countries in the NENA region can share their national fish production. The whole region is very experiences and generate economic, environmental special with diverse ecosystems and economies. and social growth and development within a Countries are at different stages of their marine, system that placed the ecosystem, its health and brackish, and freshwater aquaculture development the services it offers, at the centre. FAO supports cycle, and governments and private entities such long-term and sustainable development and looks forward to future collaboration. FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 37 Fish farming in rice field: Development lever for family farming in Madagascar

Florence Wallemacq1 IOC-SmartFish Programme/FAO [email protected]

adagascar’s population is about 17 million, Mand 80 percent live in rural areas and make their livelihoods from subsistence-type agriculture. In the Central Highlands of Madagascar, rice culture is one of the major agricultural family farming systems on plateaus located at an altitude exceeding 1 000 m.

A complementary farming system, called rice-fish farming that is less known in the country consists of introducing fingerlings in paddy fields for extensive weight-gain simultaneously with rice cultivation. Antananarivo

Rice-fish farming can play a vital role in enhancing Itasy the food security of rural populations in the Highlands as it requires little investment from Vakinankaratra farmers and represents a real potential for restoring soil fertility and access to animal protein. Haute Matsiatra The rice-fish integration and complementarity help optimize resources (land and water in existing rice fields) as well as available facilities. It can increase rice yields from 10 to 30 percent and produce fish protein, with an average yield of 205 kg/ha and no additional pressure on the environment.

The long-term potential for dissemination is important since it could involve hundreds of Map of Madagascar showing the intervention areas of the thousands of families in areas suitable for rice-fish pilote phase of the project of sensitization to rice-fish culture farming.

The SmartFish Programme of the Indian Ocean The identification of schools (Table 1) was carried Commission (IOC), through its Food Security out with the regional directorates of the National component implemented by FAO, supports the Education Department, according to two criteria, awareness program of the APDRA Pisciculture i.e. proximity of fingerling producers, and paysanne NGO. The aim is to raise awareness to commitment of school principals and their team learning and dissemination of rice-fish farming, of teachers. The schools’ motivation focuses on through training and sensitization of rural youth improving their educational project. in colleges before most of them join in the professional life.

A pilot phase, launched to develop school training materials and establish educational partnerships in three regions (Vakinankaratra, Haute Matsiatra and Itasy) involved training of 5 000 students.

38 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 Table 1 Beneficiary partner institutions and number of students Region Number of partner Number of students institutions

Haute Matsiatra 9 1896 Vakinankaratra 9 2754 Itasy 2 334 ©FAO/IOC-SmartFish

Given the schools’ and institutional partners’ interest, this first implementation phase was welcomed in a remarkable spirit of collaboration. Despite limited resources, institutions have shown high reactivity, professionalism and sharing of amazing technique. The training modules have been integrated in extracurricular activities Sub-Saharan Africa organized one afternoon a week.

FAO support, through the SmartFish Programme, will continue to a second phase of the rice-fish farming project which will cover 100 rural schools located close to fingerling producers and provide implementation oversight to the teachers’ training activities for students and evaluation of social and productive dynamics that result there from.

1FAO Consultant Comic book cover

The challenges of schooling in rural areas • Many rural young people leave school without vocational training • School wastage affects 50 percent of students between 12 and 15 years • Willingness of the Ministry of Education wishing to steer the curriculum towards more practical learning

The main teaching materials developed at this stage were a comic book and posters for classes. The advantage of drawing in animation and training tools is important. Drawing and illustrations help students visualize the content and properly integrate learning. Moreover, once these materials are developed, the limited cost of reproduction ensures they can still be used, even after the SmartFish Programme support.

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 39 Angola committed to growing sustainable aquaculture José Aguilar-Manjarrez,1 Phil Scott2 and Maria Dombaxe3 1FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy 2FAO International Consultant, 3National Project Coordinator [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

he fisheries sector plays a very important In Angola, as in many countries around the world Trole in Angola’s economy, as do agriculture where aquaculture is new, a comprehensive and and forestry. Taken together, they are a source of coordinated spatial plan is needed to secure an livelihood for about 85 percent of the population. adequate allocation of space in waters and land Food security issues remain the paramount for sustainable growth of aquaculture in order concern in the country, as about 80 percent of the to facilitate development actions. To this end, country’s food requirements are imported. Given this project is finding innovative ways to plan this scenario, increasing domestic fish supply for sustainable aquaculture through adopting the through improved aquaculture would have far- ecosystem approach to aquaculture (EAA) to reaching positive effects on food and nutrition provide an increased area of high water quality security. for aquaculture so as to deliver food security and increased employment opportunities through Angola has great potential for freshwater and economic growth. marine aquaculture development owing to its favourable environmental conditions. However Development solution aquaculture production remains low and the FAO is providing technical support to potential is still unexploited, there is a lack of Angola on the project “Spatial Planning of high quality fish seed and feed available, as well Aquaculture Zones in the Republic of Angola” as limited technical capacity in the aquaculture (UTF/ANG/051/ANG). This project aims to industry. Aquaculture priority areas are: facilitate investment and promote an effectively • Governance: including laws, regulations, and governed aquaculture development sector that is policies, spatial planning, and institutional socially inclusive, equitable and environmentally capacity; responsible. The Government of Angola has • Economic development: including economic provided USD200 000 to implement the first phase1 development by facilitating access to credit; of the project within the ambit of the Country • Ensure decent employment: including small Programming Framework, which is a tool for scale or subsistence/communal aquaculture; the FAO country office’s strategic prioritization • Technology transfer and training: including and overall medium-term programming. The first aquaculture as a subject at all levels. phase of this project started in late 2014 and will be completed by March 2016.

This project is expected to identify the most promising zones for aquaculture development through a participatory process with relevant stakeholders. The project is also expected to produce an inventory to show the location of

©FAO/Maria. Dombaxe ©FAO/Maria. the existing aquaculture (and planned) farms and their characteristics (cultured species, technology used, culture systems, environments, farm characteristics, production, quantities and values, seed input quantity, etc.). In addition, government technical officers and other key stakeholders will receive training on spatial planning2 following an EAA;3 the project will also equip the National Concrete tanks for Nile tilapia seed production in Massangano Directorate of Aquaculture with the necessary Province, Angola data and tools for spatial planning.

40 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 Sub-Saharan Africa

FAO An

©FAO/S. McDonough An assessment of Ecosystem boundaries ) fact fishery/legalframework/nalo_angola/es additional sheets were prepared to generate complementary information. training workshop was held in Luanda on training workshop was held in Luanda workshop 19–21 November 2014. The selection focused on aquaculture zoning, site Its EAA. the management under area and relevant main objectives were to inform as well as to EAA, the stakeholders about processes provide hands-on training on the of the and steps required for spatial planning sector taking into account environmental, and socio-economic and governance aspects carrying explicitly including concepts of workshop capacity and risk mapping. The and was hosted by the Ministry of Fisheries different included 44 participants representing society, ministries, the private sector and civil staff and consultants. and FAO Aquaculture inventory. of location the and industry the of status the the existing (and planned) farms and farming aquaculture on information (including areas facilities) production seed and production were recorded as an essential step that will aquaculture of estimates ultimately improve potential, site selection and area management. The main results of this inventory will be available in the National Aquaculture Sector site Overview (NASO) map collection Web (www.fao.org/fishery/naso/search/en). Identification of potential areas for aquaculture growth. through defined being are potential areas for regular consultation with relevant stakeholders. Development of and operational/management objectives for the areas and identification Number of stakeholders trained. • • • FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 41 FAO One baseline report has report baseline One Workshop participants, Luanda, Angola, 19-24 November 2014 Angola, 19-24 participants, Luanda, Workshop been completed to capture key information steps planning EAA the to background as and activities. Also, an update to FAO’s NASO (www.fao.org/fishery/countrysector/ naso_angola/en) and NALO (www.fao.org/ EAA baseline report. EAA Key results date, key results include: To • The EAA is a planning and management framework The EAA is a planning and management aquaculture for effectively integrating parts of the framework sector into local planning. The engaging with provides clear mechanisms for of users other and government producers, management resources for the effective sustainable into account of aquaculture operations by taking governance environmental, socio-economic and concepts of aspects, and by explicitly including the first steps carrying capacity and risk. One of is to define the in the implementation of the EAA a participatory areas to be used for aquaculture in zoning process. strength is that it will allow primary The project’s data processes, planning spatial of delivery the for of analyses and tools to enable a wide spectrum aquaculture to address spatial problems for planning will planning and management. Spatial in Angola, but not solve every management issue which within framework spatial the provide will it Angola will have more options to solve problems through sound decision-making. Political will and government support, combined will help FAO, assistance from technical with overcome many issues in Angola to facilitate aquaculture growth. The Ministry of Fisheries the all engaging in role important an playing is relevant stakeholders from different sectors in this project. This is expected to enhance aquaculture development and management. of issues and opportunities for aquaculture ©FAO/Philips C. Scott zoning are being drafted. Criteria to address the issues, including considerations of risks, are being identified. Preliminary maps (based on the above-mentioned tasks) indicating potential aquaculture zones are being prepared.

• Aquaculture atlas. A spatial database containing essential criteria on environmental, socioeconomic and governance aspects, plus risk factors (pollution, climate change, etc.), is being created for Angola to help identify potential areas for aquaculture growth. This work is, to a large extent, the result of collaboration among the different agencies in the country.

• Stakeholder consultation and training. Preliminary results from the project were presented in a one-day meeting on 10 September 2015 in Luanda, hosted by The location of existing (and planned) Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)) fish the Ministry of Fisheries and included 60 ponds and cages in Angola. The number of fish farms is 58. participants representing different ministries, Imagery source: US Dept of State Geographer. Data SIO, NOAA, private sector/civil society plus FAO staff US Navy, NGA, GEBCO. Image Landsat. © 2015 Google and consultants. An FAO training workshop Imagery date: 4/9/2013 was also held in Luanda from 9–15 September 2015 to: (i) inform relevant stakeholders on the EAA and (ii) to provide hands-on training on the processes and tools required for spatial The results described so far hold significant planning of the sector. The workshop was potential for upscaling. With continued investment, also hosted by the Ministry of Fisheries and public institutions and the private sector alike will included nine participants from the Ministry have even greater potential to guide the sustainable of Fisheries plus FAO staff and consultants. development and growth of the freshwater and marine aquaculture sector in the country. This The main problems encountered in this project project has enhanced the understanding of factors have been the limited technical knowledge and influencing sustainable aquaculture practices inputs provided by national consultants and the by adopting an EAA framework. A number of lack of spatial data. Despite many obstacles, the follow-on activities are under way for this project, work plan for this project is in general on track. with one additional workshop scheduled for 2016.

Potential for upscaling The commitment of the Ministry of Fisheries in Angola is vital for implementation of this project, but it has to be matched by strong commitment 1Some the activities in the second phase would include: and collaboration by all relevant institutions and consultation with stakeholders about the allocation of stakeholders in order to plan for the sustainable potential zones for aquaculture, broad carrying capacity estimation for aquaculture zones, and risk mapping and and responsible development of aquaculture in analysis of selected zones. the country. 2FAO. 2013. Applying spatial planning for promoting future aquaculture growth. Seventh Session of the SubCommittee on Aquaculture of the FAO Committee on Fisheries. St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 7–11 October 2013. Discussion document: COFI:AQ/ VII/2013/6. 3FAO. 2010. Aquaculture development. 4. Ecosystem approach to aquaculture. FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries No. 5, Suppl. 4. Rome. 53 pp.

42 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 Relationship between seafood demand and aquaculture growth

José Manuel Fernández Polanco1 [email protected]

quaculture production has been significantly A vector autoregressive model (VAR) was Aincreasing its contribution to worldwide applied to explore the relations between seafood seafood supply in the last two decades. Such an consumption, the share of aquaculture in total increase is expected to have impacted seafood seafood supply and the yearly rate of growth in consumption and food security. On the other aquaculture production. While in general terms hand, it should be expected that aquaculture results point to a similar direction, there are growth may be driven by seafood demand differences with regards to the relevant indicators whether at a national, regional or global levels. by countries. With exceptions due to the relevance Although differences across countries and species of exports in the aquaculture production, may exist, the development of aquaculture and its developing and emerging producing countries consequences on seafood consumption may be coincide to a significant relation across seafood evidenced at a quantitative level by analyzing the consumption and the share of local aquaculture in c causal relations across the data of both variables. total supply in both groups of countries and will Thematic Articles require a specific further analysis. This relation An exploratory analysis of these potential between consumption and local aquaculture relations has been conducted in a group of selected supply resulted to non-significant or weak results countries divided according to the importance in the case of developed importing countries. of aquaculture in local seafood supply and In this case, the causal links with the growth in the relevance of imports in domestic seafood global aquaculture has been the dominant result, consumption. This classification also coincides reflecting the importance of the developed markets with the level of economic development of these as drivers for the development of industrial countries. The first group accounts for countries aquaculture in developing countries. To this extent, in which aquaculture represents around 50 percent consumption in the northern countries, during the of total seafood supply including Brazil, India, observed period, has been acting as a driver for the Indonesia, Thailand and Viet Nam. The other development of the production of certain species group accounts for countries in which imports in the southern world such as shrimp, but not on represent, at least, 50 percent of total seafood other relevant species like carps. consumption and include the United States of America, Spain, Australia, Italy and Germany. Further information may be obtained by writing to: A proxy for seafood consumption at the national [email protected] level was taken from the FAO Food Balance Sheets, using the indicator of total fish supply 1Visiting Scientist at the FAO Products Trade and Marketing Branch, (code 141). Regarding aquaculture supply and University of Cantabria, Spain growth, two indicators have been computed using fishery statistical data set at national and global levels during the period between 1990 and 2011 which are made available through FAO FishStat software.

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 43 Improving global knowledge on aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture

Ruth Garcia Gomez, Devin Bartley and Matthias Halwart 1,3FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

enetic diversity is essential to the sustainability use of the genetic diversity to ensure they provide Gof the food production chain and therefore benefits for present and future generations. The crucial for food security for present and future State of the World’s reports are presented with the generations. However, most farmed aquatic following contents: (i) use and exchange of genetic species have not been domesticated compared to resources; (ii) drivers and trends in the respective crops and livestock and there is great potential sectors and their consequences in genetic resources; to increase production through traditional fish (iii) in situ conservation of genetic resources; breeding and other genetic technologies. It has (iv) ex situ conservation of genetic resources; been stated that if all the farmed aquatic species (v) stakeholders with interest in genetic were put into a genetic management programme, resources; (vi) national policies and legislation such as traditional fish breeding, that we could meet on genetic resources; (vii) research, education, the expected demand for fish without much more training and extension on genetic resources; and input of feed, water, antibiotics or land (Trygve (viii) international collaboration on genetic Gjedrem, Selective breeding in aquaculture: an resources. introduction, 2010). The State of the World’s reports on plant, animal The Commission on Genetic Resources for and forest genetic resources are available in the Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) was established CGRFA website at the following links respectively: in 1983 in recognition of the vast potential for genetic resources to provide food security and Plant: www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core- livelihoods to FAO Member countries. Since its themes/theme/seeds-pgr/sow/sow2/en/ establishment, the Commission has been engaged Animal: www.fao.org/Ag/AGAInfo/ in conserving biodiversity for food and agriculture programmes/en/genetics/Second_state.html and promoting its sustainable use in support of Forest: www.fao.org/forestry/fgr/64582/en/ global food and nutrition security. Following the production of the State of the World State of the World reports report, the Commission agreed on policy responses As part of its mission, the Commission has been to address gaps and challenges, such as Global engaged in the development and publication of a Plans of Action, through which governments series of global assessments on genetic resources committed themselves to taking action to promote that are key for food and agriculture (including the conservation and sustainable use of genetic plants, animals, forests and aquatic organisms); resources. each of these assessments is a synthesis of national reports submitted to FAO by the Member State of the World’s Aquatic Genetic Resources countries. These sectoral assessments, known as for Food and Agriculture the State of the World’s - Plant, Animal, Aquatic, The first State of the World’s Aquatic Forest, Biodiversity - Genetic Resources for Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Food and Agriculture, are prepared through (SoW AqGR) will be based on national reports to participatory, country-driven processes. be submitted to the Commission by end of 2015. The reports will be synthesized by FAO and a draft They represent an inventory of vital genetic SoW AqGR will be made available to the resources used for food and agriculture at Commission during its 16th Session that will national, regional and global levels, and provide a be held in Rome in January 2017. In 2007, the detailed evaluation of the current status of these Commission called upon its Members to initiate genetic resources. Critical measures to be taken at steps to report on the SoW AqGR in their national, regional and global levels are identified countries. At its 11th Session, the Commission for conservation, development and sustainable agreed to include aquatic genetic resources as part

44 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 of the Commission’s multi-year programme of Three regional workshops in Asia-Pacific, Latin- work and to develop the first SoW AqGR. America and the Caribbean (LAC) and Africa produced interesting information that indicated The first SoW AqGR will consist of a compilation that the process will greatly improve global of country reports together with selected thematic knowledge on the subject. These workshops have background studies, such as: (i) incorporating confirmed that the number of species officially genetic diversity and indicators into statistics and reported by Member countries to FAO is smaller monitoring of farmed aquatic species and their than what is actually being farmed in the country, wild relatives; (ii) biotechnology and genomics e.g: in aquaculture; (iii) genetic resources for farmed • Lao PDR officially reports around 13 species seaweeds and freshwater macrophytes; and being cultured, whereas the workshop revealed (iv) genetic resources of microorganisms of current 31 species being farmed. and potential use in aquaculture. • The regional workshop held in Guatemala reported that around 155 species of finfish, The scope of the SoW AqGR will be farmed aquatic seaweeds, microalgae, molluscs and bivalves species and their wild relatives within national are farmed in LAC region. However jurisdiction. The preparation of country reports 95 percent of the value comes from five exotic would provide countries with opportunities for species. assessing the status of their resources, identify • Kenya is currently farming 31 aquatic species, gaps, needs and priorities, prepare action plans to while the FAO aquaculture statistics records develop and implement relevant policies for their for only 12 aquatic species. c sustainable use and conservation of aquatic genetic Thematic Articles resources, and raise awareness among policy- To conclude, it should be highlighted again makers so that their contributions to food security that the process of producing the SoW AqGR and rural development can be enhanced. is just as important as the final product, and that country reports should serve as national Country reports are a vital part of the process, and policy documents to guide the sustainable use, knowing that reporting on the status of aquatic development and management of AqGR within genetic resources is a complicated undertaking National jurisdictions. Follow-up activities and many countries will need guidance and will involve an examination of the results of the support in completing the country reports, the SoW AqGR process in light of the Code of Conduct FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, for Responsible Fisheries, aiming to maintain a who is leading the implementation of the first broad genetic basis and to ensure sustainable use, SoW AqGR, has developed a user-friendly management and conservation of aquatic genetic “guideline” (called “Questionnaire for the resources for food and agriculture, for present and preparation of Country Reports for the first future generations. SoW AqGR”) to assist countries on their reporting task. ©Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO)

Participants of the Africa Regional Workshop on the status of aquatic genetic resources, held in Entebbe (Uganda) in July 2015

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 45 ©Salmon farm Science

Underwater view of a salmon farm How to increase public understanding and acceptance of aquaculture

Kathrin Bacher1 FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy [email protected]

he fast growth of intensive aquaculture public perceptions are not only based on objective Tproduction, in some cases not well planned, knowledge, but on beliefs and preconceived has caused concerns about environmental impacts, ideas. It is therefore important to better inform human health and social issues. The bulk of global the public about various potential advantages of aquaculture production comes from Asia. Yet, aquaculture with respect to managing, controlling opposition to aquaculture development is strongest and guaranteeing the quality, safety, healthiness in the Western world, where modern aquaculture and even taste of farmed fish. is still a relatively new industry that competes with already well-established activities (e.g. fishing The aquaculture industry needs a more open and sector, tourism and coastal residents). In addition, broader campaign to increase transparency in the the increasing dependence of developed countries sector and to improve public awareness, because a on farmed seafood imports from developing lack of information leaves room for speculation. countries, and the insecurity about the products’ To communicate the benefits of aquaculture more environmental, social and safety credentials has effectively, the industry should collaborate with attracted considerable negative media attention. other stakeholder groups that are seen as credible Moreover, scientific uncertainties and conflicting by the public. Moreover, there is a need for more information about seafood consumption have synergy and cooperation among aquaculture further confused the public. While the negative sectors in order to speak with one voice and to image is often driven by concerns associated with achieve more political hearing. While there are still a few commodities or certain aquaculture systems important social and environmental issues that (e.g. shrimp or salmon farming), it prejudices the have to be addressed, aquaculture has to be put whole industry. Modern aquaculture is still at an in a wider perspective by comparing its costs and early stage of development, and despite many benefits with other animal production systems. improvements of its production processes towards To date such a holistic view, taking into account a more sustainability, there is a “perception gap” balanced evaluation, is still lacking, impeding the between how modern aquaculture is done and the development of policies that reflect production public understanding of the industry. realities. In the future, food production systems will have to become even more efficient to produce Strongest consumer concerns are associated with more with fewer resources to feed the world health and safety aspects of farmed products, population. It is therefore crucial to better inform mainly due to the potential use of growth hormones, about the important role farmed fish, as one of antibiotics, pesticides and artificial coloring. the most efficient converters of feed into animal Consequently, some consumers perceive wild fish protein, will likely play in the future. as more “natural” preferring it over farmed fish in terms of health, nutritional value, taste and quality. The full report can be found at: www.globefish. While wild fish and traditional fishing methods are org/vol-120-perceptions-and-misconceptions-of- familiar to the public, farmed fish and fish farming aquaculture.html are still novel, heightening risk perceptions. Thus,

1FAOConsultant

46 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 Miscellaneous

programme on Tropical Fisheries and its Tropical programme on Kagoshima University in linkages which three other universities in collaboration with the Asia-Pacific region and “Non-formal education approaches by South-South Cooperation” convened Dr Matthias Halwart Nadu Fisheries University” convened “Tamil by Dr Baskaran Manimaran relevance to the needs of disadvantaged groups; relevance to the needs of disadvantaged person; concern with specific categories of focus on clearly defined purposes; and flexibility in organization and methods • • Special Session on non-formal education and Special Session on non-formal South -South Cooperation as the Non-formal education has been described which takes “education, learning and training institutions”, recognized educational outside place activity and as “any organised educational – whether outside the established formal system feature operating separately or as an important is intended to of some broader activity” – that and learning serve identifiable learning clienteles objectives”. It has four main characteristics: • • • • has been actively promoting non-formal FAO education on fish farming through various projects and activities, such as the application of Farmer Field School (FFS) approaches to improve seaweed farming techniques in the Philippines, integrated and to promote Saint Lucia and Kiribati, aquaculture approaches in many African countries as well as Guyana and Suriname (mostly rice- fish farming). The FFSs are centred on group and individual learning and capacity-building. Farmers and farmer groups organize in small groups around weekly meetings throughout a whole cropping/ agronomic farming season focusing on ecology, practices, marketing and other management issues, often across different sectors. Farmers, identify problems guided by a trained facilitator, and opportunities and then design, carry out and jointly interpret field experiments. This method

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 47 FAO Matthias Halwart and Ruth Garcia Gomez Matthias Halwart and [email protected]; [email protected] [email protected]; FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy Aquaculture Department, Rome, Fisheries and FAO Aquaculture and Fisheries Education: Fisheries Education: and Aquaculture Non-formal education and South-South Cooperation and South-South education Non-formal he 2nd International Symposium on he 2nd International Fisheries Education Aquaculture and “Fisheries Education and International Cooperation” convened by Prof. Tatsuro Matsuoka – on Postgraduate (Master) The FAO Special Session at the 2nd International Symposium on Symposium the 2nd International Session at Special The FAO T (ISAFE2), jointly organized by the Asian (ISAFE2), jointly (AFS) and Shanghai Ocean Fisheries Society at the SHOU University (SHOU), was convened 22nd campus (Shanghai, China) from Wednesday was to Friday 24th April 2015. The Symposium international supported by national, regional and educational institutions. approximately The ISAFE2, attended by 80 participants from 15 countries, brought together 80 participants from 15 countries, brought and students educators, distinguished speakers, and training agencies from across the aquaculture institutions teaching well as fisheries industries, as critical issues and education agencies to discuss to and industry; the of needs the concerning views on issues exchange knowledge and point of and education confronting the training, academic well- regulatory agencies to ensure a sustainable educated industry sector. overall theme ISAFE2 was held under the Better “Better Education, Better Professionals, on focusing presentations Plenary Industry”. the current status of aquaculture and fisheries education based on country and regional reports were followed by parallel sessions on curricula development, partnerships, innovative teaching, and future direction. The symposium concluded with a panel discussion on salient issues and the way forward. The Symposium also examined the existing and future linkages between AFS and regional educators with international agencies and institutions and explored the on-going development of distance education and its impacts on the delivery of aquaculture and fisheries education. The symposium concluded with a panel discussion on salient issues and way forward. Three special sessions were held during the event: • results in farmer empowerment through expanded M. Halwart), S.G. Lee on the proposed FAO knowledge and better-informed decision-making World Fisheries University (WFU), M. Halwart skills, thus institutionalizing the approach, where on participatory training approaches and non- farmers are encouraged to continue working in formal education, and J. Deles on the FFS in groups to address concerns affecting farming and seaweed farming. their communities. FAO has long recognized the importance of non- formal education and SSC as relevant instruments Some examples of FFS applied to fish farming to promote better practices in aquaculture. A were highlighted during this special session and remarkable example is the International High- its implementation in South-South Cooperation Level Consultative Expert Workshop (IHLCEW) (SSC) featured presentations by Mssrs. D. Staples on Sustainable Development of Aquaculture and on training on the Ecosystem Approach to Inland Fisheries, which was held in Wuxi, Jiangsu Fisheries (EAF), M. Maurihungirire from Namibia Province, China, from 1 to 5 June 2015 under the on its SSC with Viet Nam, D.R. Yuan on the framework of the FAO-China SSC Programme Wuxi Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre and (see separate article at page 17). SSC, Z.W. Liu on FAO-China SSC (presented by

Gold Medal Awards The Fisheries and Aquaculture Department of FAO received a Gold Medal Award from the Asian Fisheries Society in recognition of their support to the development of aquaculture and fisheries in the Asian-Pacific region and direct support to the AFS triennial forum activities. The award was given on 21 April 2011 in Shanghai, China during the 9th Asian Fisheries and Aquaculture Forum where FAO also co-sponsored 3rd Global Symposium on Gender in Aquaculture and Fisheries (21-23 April 2011).

Dr Matthias Halwart, FAO Senior Aquaculture Officer was presented with the Gold Medal Award of the Asian Fisheries Society. The Award recognized Dr Halwart for his commitment to the Asian Fisheries Society and for his work on non-formal education activities for fisheries and aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific Region

48 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 Malcolm Beveridge Acting Chief, FIAA Malcolm Beveridge, has a BSc (Hons) in Zoology and a PhD in Ecology from the University of Glasgow, UK. He served as Director of Aquaculture and Genetics at WorldFish, 2006-2014, prior to which he was Director of the Scottish Government Fisheries Research Services Freshwater Laboratory, Pitlochry. During 1980-1982 and 1984-2001 he was a member of academic staff at the Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, where he was appointed Reader in Environmental Research in 2000. He was also awarded an FAO Andre Mayer Research Fellowship at the University of the Philippines (1983) to study the environmental impacts of cage and pen aquaculture. He was also a Visiting Research Fellow at Imperial College, University of London (2006-7) and is currently Visiting Professor at the University of Stirling. Since the beginning of January, Malcolm has assumed the responsibilities of Chief of FIAA (FAO Fisheries Aquaculture Branch) on a long-term consultancy basis. Malcolm can be reached at: [email protected]

Coline Damieux-Verdeau Intern, FIAA

Ms Coline Damieux-Verdeau, a French national, completed a Bachelor degree in Politics and Law at University Jean Moulin Lyon III where she specialized in Environmental Law. She has a Master’s degree in International Environmental Law at University of Limoges in France and did different voluntary service related to marine protection with the Irish Environmental Agency and forestry protection with the French

National Office for Forestry. She also worked at the Scottish Parliament New Staff Profile on regional environmental issues and at the lawyers office specialized in Environmental Law Helios Avocats. At FAO, Coline has been working both with Fisheries and Aquaculture Department and Legal Department under supervision of Valerio Crespi (FIAA) and Blaise Kuemlangan (LEGN), respectively. As an intern (during the period July- August 2015), she updated the National Aquaculture Legislation Overview (NALO) for France and for Madagascar and worked on the licensing process for aquaculture farms in several countries and assessed the efficiency of national legislations in terms of productivity and environmental protection.

Claudia Ladisa Intern, FIAA

Ms Claudia Ladisa, an Italian National, has joined us to work at the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department (Aquaculture Branch) as a volunteer for three months. Ms Ladisa is interested in issues related to sustainable aquaculture development. She completed her Bachelor degree in Biological Sciences and her Master degree in Marine Biology at Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy. During her Master degree she specialized in aquaculture and reproductive biology, and her research work and thesis dealt with stress- related responses and their effect on the early stages of the fish rearing process. Claudia recently spent six months working at the Genecology Research Center, situated at the University of the Sunshine Coast (Australia), on a project in aquaculture biotechnology focused on fish reproductive endocrinology. At FAO, Claudia will work under the supervision of Alessandro Lovatelli (FIAA). She will contribute to a review study and background paper on ornamental aquaculture and its contribution to the overall aquaculture sector. In addition, she will upgrade and expand a global database on active aquaponics commercial operators towards strengthening regional networks in support of a South-South Cooperation project proposal.

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 49 New Publications

Hasan, M.R. & Arthur, J.R. 2015. Aquaculture Brugère, C. & De Young C. 2015. Assessing seed and feed production and management in climate change vulnerability in fisheries and Bangladesh - Status, issues and constraints. Rome, aquaculture: Available methodologies and their FAO. 106 pp. relevance for the sector. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 597. Rome, This document presents the findings of an FAO FAO. 86 pp. TCPF Project “Identification and understanding of key technical, economic and social constraints This publication provides an overview to seed and feed production and management in of vulnerability assessment concepts and Bangladesh”. The objectives of this project were methodologies. It sheds light on the different to investigate the status and constraints of the vulnerability assessment methodologies that have aquaculture seed and aquafeed subsectors. The been developed, and on how these are conditioned project identified the key technical, economic by the disciplinary traditions from which they have and social constraints hindering the development emerged. It also analyses how these methodologies of the aquaculture seed and feed production and have been applied in the context of fisheries and management subsectors in Bangladesh. It also aquaculture, with illustrative examples of their provided recommendations related to improving application. A series of practical steps to assess the four key areas of improved seed quality, vulnerability in the fisheries and aquaculture improved aquafeed quality, strengthened capacities sector is proposed in order to support climate of farmers to utilize feed efficiently, and increased change specialists working with communities technical efficiencies of small-scale aquafeed dependent on fisheries and aquaculture, as well as producers. The recommendations contained in this fisheries and aquaculture practitioners wishing to document should lead to a sustained improvement incorporate adaptation planning into the sector’s in technical and economic efficiencies of the management and development. main players in aquaculture seed and aquafeed subsectors in Bangladesh, from the raw material The PDF version of this publication can be suppliers to the farmers and is expected to improve downloaded from the following web link: their productivity and economic returns and www.fao.org/3/a-i5109e.pdf assure the sustainable growth of the country’s aquaculture sector.

50 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 Cardia, F. & Lovatelli, A. 2015. Aquaculture Saunders, J., Cardia, F., Hazzaa, M.S., Rasem, operations in floating HDPE cages: a field handbook. B.M.A., Othaibi, M.I., & Rafiq, M.B. Atlas FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper of potential areas for cage aquaculture: Red sea No. 593. Rome, FAO. 152 pp. - kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Document of the Project UTF/SAU/048/SAU, “Strengthening and The growing demand for marine food products supporting further development of aquaculture in has stimulated the development of aquaculture the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia”. FAO and Saudi production systems both on land and in all Ministry Of Agriculture KSA, 2016. waterbodies, covering technologies ranging from the production of seed material to ongrowing structures. The Atlas of potential areas for cage aquaculture in The expansion of fish farming has as a result of several the Red Sea has been funded, produced and published supporting factors. These include the acquisition of reproduction and ongrowing technologies for species in a double language book within the framework of interest, and the development of physical structures of the Technical Cooperation Programme between to contain the cultured organisms. Modern marine the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the cages, whether floating or submersible, represent one Food and Agriculture Organization of the United such development. These have evolved from basic Nations (FAO) during the implementation of the and rudimental systems to sophisticated and carefully unilateral trust fund project “Strengthening and engineered structures. Many cage designs and models supporting further development of aquaculture have been developed and are commercially available. in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (UTF/SAU/048/ Among these, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) SAU)”. The Atlas has been developed by the cages are widely used, because of the versatility of Geographic Information System unit in the Jeddah

the materials used, the relative simplicity in the Fisheries Research Center under the guidance of New Publications performance of the various farming operations, Mr Justin Saunders, GIS expert and Francesco and the comparatively contained investment capital Cardia, Project Manager of the UTF/SAU/048/ required. This manual focuses on technical aspects of SAU project. A number of datasets containing HDPE cages. The handbook describes the grid and environmental and socioeconomic information mooring systems in relation to farm size as well as useful for site selection have been developed and on-land assembling and sea installation procedures. gathered in a GIS database; the most relevant A chapter focuses on the floating collar of the cage, site selection criteria have been then applied in describing the components that make up this key the GIS analysis identifying promising areas for farming structure. Technical information is then cage aquaculture development. 36 maps, covering provided on the ropes, netting and net cage design and on determining the appropriate size and shape. the whole Red Sea coast of the KSA at a scale of Based on procedures developed over years of field 1:200 000, display the result of the analysis. In experience, practical information on collar and general, this is a marine spatial planning tool net installation, net changing, maintenance and to support the identification of Aquaculture inspections techniques is provided. The final sections Management Areas, through the provision of cover practical procedures related to the stocking of geo-referenced information on some of the main cages with seed material, feeding and managing the criteria that may allow a proper siting of the cage fish stock, as well as practical information on pre- farms, supporting the Ministry of Agriculture in harvesting and harvesting methods, fish handling and the planning of the allocation of areas for cage transportation. aquaculture development and the investors who The PDF version of this publication can be wish to establish marine cage aquaculture projects downloaded from the following web link: in the Red Sea. www.fao.org/3/a-i4508e.pdf

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 51 FAO. 2016. Report of the FAO technical training Cataudella, S., Crosetti D., & Massa, F. (eds). workshop on advancing aquaponics: an efficient use 2015. Mediterranean coastal lagoons: sustainable of limited resources, Osimo, Italy, 27–30 October management and interactions among aquaculture, 2015. Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1132. capture fisheries and the environment. Studies and Rome, Italy. Reviews. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. No 95. Rome, FAO. 278 pp. This publication is the proceedings of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United The Mediterranean region hosts around Nations (FAO) technical training workshop 400 coastal lagoons, covering a surface of over on Advancing Aquaponics was held in Osimo 641 000 ha differing in both their typology and use. (Ancona), Italy, from 27–30 October 2015. Fisheries and various forms of aquaculture have Seventeen participants attended from 10 countries been traditionally carried out in Mediterranean of the Near East and North Africa region coastal lagoons since ancient times and are part (Egypt, Jordan Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, of the cultural heritage of the region. Traditional Palestine, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, United lagoon management linked to extensive Arab Emirates), and were predominantly from aquaculture and fish harvesting has certainly government-associated aquaculture research contributed, over time, to preserve these peculiar centres. The report summarizes the knowledge ecosystems, although much of the coastal lagoon and provide guidance to the Member countries on areas have progressively disappeared due to land the process of advancing aquaponic development. reclamation and other uses. Recently, coastal This document contains a comprehensive record of lagoons have become a relevant environmental the workshop proceedings. The 4-day workshop concern: land claiming, pollution and the lack of consisted of lectures, demonstrations and hands- management, among other factors, have strongly on activities supported by aquaponic experts. modified both the structure and functioning of Recommendations were gathered based on these sensitive coastal ecosystems. In particular, participant feedback, and included: 1) education, the management of traditional aquaculture and training and communication; 2) research and capture fisheries activities has been identified as the development; 3) socio-economic and feasibility main instrument to maintain lagoons’ ecological studies; and 4) regional and international features and to prevent the degradation of their cooperation. This activity was supported under sensitive habitats, both from an environmental the FAO Regional Initiative on Small-Scale and socioeconomic point of view. To guarantee the Agriculture for Inclusive Development in the sustainability of aquaculture and capture fisheries Near East and North Africa and the Major Area in lagoons, proper management plans should of Work on Efficient Resource Use (MAW ERU) be established so as to ensure the preservation under the revised Strategic Framework of FAO. of both biodiversity and local knowledge. This should also be considered as a fundamental pillar For further information please contact: for any programme aiming at the preservation and [email protected] restoration of lagoons’ environment.

The PDF version of this publication can be downloaded from the following web link: www. fao.org/documents/card/en/c/c886c591-ee99- 42b4-a49b-356de2bc5ea7/ 52 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 Bodiguel, C. & Swan J. 2014. Report of the Lake Bacher, K. 2015. Perceptions and misconceptions Tanganyika Authority Workshop to Develop of aquaculture: a global overview. GLOBEFISH a Protocol on Aquaculture. Report/Rapport: Research Programme, Vol. 120, Rome, FAO. 35 pp. SF-FAO/2014/29. February/Février 2014. SmartFish Programme of the Indian Ocean Commission, FAO This report provides a global overview and Fisheries Management component, Ebene, Mauritius. synthesis of studies on perceptions of aquaculture in both developed and developing countries. Its The Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) SmartFish aim is to better understand the main concerns of Programme aims to contribute to an increased level the public and diverse stakeholder groups. The of socio-economic and environmental development second part provides recommendations for policy- in the Eastern and Southern Africa and Indian makers, the industry and other stakeholders on Ocean (ESA-IO) region, inter alia through improved governance and more robust approaches to fisheries improving public understanding of aquaculture and aquaculture management. The SmartFish and on the roles various actors can play in this Programme is implemented by the IOC on behalf process. of Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Intergovernmental Authority A PDF version of this publication can be downloaded on Development (IGAD), the Indian Ocean from the Globefish website: Commission (IOC) and the East African Community www.fao.org/in-action/globefish/publications/details- (EAC), in collaboration with Food and Agricultural publication/en/c/360636/ Organization (FAO) and benefits from the financial support of the European Union (EU). For further information please contact: New Publications [email protected] In this context, the programme is supporting competent authorities to strengthen management and regulatory frameworks in the shared lakes of the ESA region, in particular, Lake Tanganyika and its basin. Uncoordinated and unsustainable development and management of aquaculture carries with it serious threats to the environment and the Lake’s resources including the spread of disease, pollution, extinction of indigenous species and conflicts with other users of the Lake.

This report outlines the important work undertaken, over the course of a three- day workshop, to develop an appropriate aquaculture protocol for Lake Tanganyika and its basin.

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 53 Muir, J.F. 2015. Fuel and energy use in the fisheries sector – approaches, inventories and strategic implications. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1080. Rome, Italy.

The role of fuel and energy in the fisheries sector is an important yet little noted issue in natural resource, food and trade policy. While specific aspects of fuel use and cost have periodically concerned the fishing industry and its policy and management agents, the strategic issues of these have been relatively unquestioned until recently. However, in the midst of growing concern for rationalization of fisheries management, for energy and greenhouse gas linkages in climate change FAO & World Bank. 2015. Aquaculture zoning, mitigation, for competitive options for smaller- site selection and area management under the scale producers, and for consumer appreciation of ecosystem approach to aquaculture. Policy brief. the environmental footprint of food choices, these Rome, Italy. issues deserve further exploration. The selection of the spatial area designated for This publication addresses the utilization of aquaculture development and careful selection fuel energy by the global fisheries industry. It of farm sites are essential first steps to ensure the explores the complete supply chain from aquatic success and sustainability of aquaculture. They raw materials to consumption, including capture should be carried out in accordance with the FAO fishing, aquaculture, post-harvest activities, Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, and distribution and retail presentation. This is the the ecosystem approach to aquaculture. FAO first such global overview, and although it has not in partnership with the World Bank is making been possible to set out complete and integrated special efforts to address spatial planning for value-chain perspectives, it provides initial data to promoting aquaculture growth in a sustainable demonstrate a range of critical characteristics and manner by developing key publications and tools trends, with implications for sector development and by conducting training workshops. The goal and relevant policy and strategic investment needs. of this policy brief is to provide general guidance As discussed more fully in the document, there to policy-makers and other stakeholders on this are important interactions to consider in policy topic. and practice, not just in ensuring the viability of the fisheries sector, but in linking energy cost Hard copies (in English or Spanish) may be with competition between capture fisheries and requested by contacting Jose Aguilar Manjarrez: aquaculture, with choices of fishing methods [email protected] or aquaculture systems, with implications for fishing effort, resource pressure and management The PDF version of the policy brief can be strategies, and with the costs of making food downloaded from the following web link: available to consumers at all levels. www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/4c777b3a- 6afc-4475-bfc2-a51646471b0d/

54 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 FAO Aquaculture Publications 1999-2015. All FAO aquaculture publications produced by all users, especially those with limited access to 1999-2015 are now available on a USB pen drive the internet. Users can easily search publications (credit card style, Version 03). More than 600 (also available as PDF files in other FAO official publications related to aquaculture, including languages) through the publication list or through CD–ROMs, web-based products and newsletters, a free text-based search engine that performs have been published and distributed worldwide search on titles, abstracts, authors, keywords and during this period, in both hard and electronic year of publication. versions. This compilation makes sixteen years Hard copies may be requested by contacting of publications readily available to and searchable Valerio Crespi at [email protected]

CALENDAR OF EVENTS • The 15th Session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI) Sub-Committee on Trade (www.fao.org/cofi/ft/en/) Agadir, Morocco, 22-26 February 2016 (Information: [email protected]).

Side events: - 22 February: Economic and market intelligence tools - 23 February: Global Sustainable Seafood Initiative (GSSI) - 24 February: Social issues and labour conditions in fisheries

• Expert Workshop on aquatic genetic resources and statistics, FAO Rome, Italy, 4-6 April 2016 (Information: [email protected]). • The Offshore Mariculture Conference Europe (www.offshoremariculture.com/europe) Barcelona, Spain, 6-8 April 2016 (Information: [email protected]). • The 7th Meeting of the Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI) Working Group on Aquaculture, Doha, Qatar, 26-28 April 2016 (Information: [email protected]). • Regional meeting for the Establishment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Aquaculture and Fisheries Organization (RAAFO), dates to be confirmed (Information: [email protected]). • Expert Working Group Meeting on Development of Guidelines on the Use and Maintenance of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF-) and Specific Pathogen Resistant (SPR-) stocks in Shrimp Aquaculture, Bangkok, Thailand, 27-29 May 2016. (Information: [email protected]). • The First session of the Ad hoc Intergovernmental Technical Working Group on aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture, (www.fao.org/fishery/AquaticGeneticResources/en), FAO Rome, Italy, 20-22 June 2016 New Publications (Information: [email protected]).

• TCP/MAL/3401: Three back-to-back workshops under this TCP, namely: (1) Introductory course to risk analysis for aquatic animal movements: 15-17 March 2016; (2) Farm level biosecurity workshop: 21-22 March 2016; (3) National Workshop of TCP/MAL/3401: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 24 March 2016 (Information: [email protected]). • TCP/INT/3502 and TCP/INT/3501: Three back-to-back workshops under these two TCPs, namely: (1) Second International Technical Seminar on AHPND and other shrimp diseases: 27-29 June 2016; (2) TCP/INT/3502 and TCP/INT/3501 Intergovernmental Meeting on Diseases in Aquaculture (30 June 2016); (3) TCP/INT/3502: Second Workshop on National Actions Plans on AHPND: 1-2 July 2016. Venue has not been finalised yet but in Asia (Information: [email protected]).

• GCP/SFS/001/MUL: Three back-to-back workshops under this project, namely: (1) Brainstorming Workshop on Development of Methods for the Systematic Assessment of the Socio-economic Impacts of Aquatic Animal Diseases: 5-7 May 2016; (2) Regional Workshop on Development of National Strategies on Aquatic Animal Health 9-10 May 2016; (3) Regional Workshop on the Development of Risk Analysis Framework for Live Aquatic Movement in Southern African Region: 11-14 May 2016. Venue has not been finalized yet but in Asia (Information: [email protected]).

FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 54 March 2016 55 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter

Aquaculture Team Fisheries and Aquaculture Department

Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy

E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

54

FAN 52, 2014 FAN 53, March 2015 March 2016 FAO Aquaculture Newsletter

VITAMIN B12

VITAMIN A VITAMIN D

The FAO Aquaculture Newsletter (FAN) is issued two times a year by the Aquaculture Team (FIAA) of the FAO Fisheries and CALCIUM Aquaculture Department, Rome, Italy. It presents articles and views from the FAO aquaculture programme and discusses various aspects of aquaculture as seen from the perspective of both headquarters and the field programme. Articles are contributed by FAO staff from within and outside the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, from FAO regional offices and field projects, by FAO IRON DHA consultants and, occasionally, by invitation from other sources. FAN is distributed free of charge to various institutions, scientists, planners and managers in member countries and has a current circulation of about 1 300 copies. It is also available on the FAO Web page: www.fao.org/fishery/publications/fan/en EPA ZINC

SELENIUM Chief Editor: Melba B. Reantaso IODINE

Managing Editor: Valerio Crespi I5451E /1/0 3 .16 Editorial Board members: José Aguilar-Manjarrez, Junning Cai, Victoria Chromo, Nicole Franz, PROTEIN Rohana P. Subasinghe Fish is an excellent source of nutrition Graphic designer: Sylviane Borghesi 17% of global protein comes from fish