FEB 2019

FOOD, NUTRITION & SAFETY MAGAZINE

Nutrition and Cardiovascular diseases

Regulatory Frameworks as Nutrition Awareness Activity at Enablers for Innovation PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Peelamedu Coimbatore on Friday 28th Dec 2018

2nd Floor, Mahalaxmi Chambers, 22 Bhulabhai Desai Red., Mumbai- 26 (India) Phone : 022 23538858 / 23519014 Email : [email protected] Website : www.pfndai.org

FEB 2019

FOOD, NUTRITION & SAFETY MAGAZINE Email : [email protected] Website : www.pfndai.org EDITORIAL Dr. Bhajekar Deepa, Dr. Gupte Swati, Dr. Holla K.S., Dr. Shirhatti Vilas, Dr. Viral Brahmbhatt, Mrs. Madhavi Trivedi, BOARD Dr. Udipi Shobha, Dr. J.I. Lewis, Dr. Jagmeet Madan & Dr. V. Krishnakumar

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k.com/LanaSw Editorial ...... 2 COVEr

e © iStoc STORY Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases ..... 3 Imag 3 Regulatory Frameworks as ...... 8 Advertisers Enablers for Innovation

Food Ingredient Specialities, Coming Events ...... 13

E.I. DuPont India, Nutrition Awareness Activity at ...... 14 PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Ruchi Soya, Peelamedu Coimbatore on Friday 28th Dec 2018 AAK Kamani, Regulatory Round Up ...... 19 es es es JRS (Rettenmaier) India ain ain ain Pvt. Ltd., w w w Research in Health & Nutrition ...... 20 ybusinessimag ybusinessimag ybusinessimag e e Vista Processed Foods Pvt. Ltd., e 38 arrengolds arrengolds arrengolds Food Science and Industry News ...... Marico, k.com/monk k.com/monk k.com/monk k.com/w k.com/w k.com/w & Regulatory News ...... 45 e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc Reckitt Benckiser Cover Image © iStock.com/LanaSweet Imag Imag Imag Imag Imag Imag Cover Design & Bulletin Layout by Ms. Leena Shanbhag

GOVERNING Chairperson: Mr. Bhupinder Singh, Vista Processed Foods BOARD VICE CHAIRPERSON: Dr. Shatadru Sengupta, Hardcastle Restaurants ELECTED MEMBERS: HON Treasurer: Ms. Anshu Gupta, General Mills Mr. Indranil Chatterjee (DuPont) Advisor: Dr. B. Sesikeran, Chairman, Scientific Advisory Committee, PFNDAI Mr. Prakash Chawla (AAK Kamani) Co-opted Members: CO-OPTED Past Chairmen: Dr. Prabodh Halde (Marico) Mr. Nikhil Kamat (Fine Organics) Dr. Vilas Adhikari (Ex-DSM) Mr. Arun Kelkar (Hexagon) k.com/marilyna k.com/marilyna k.com/marilyna Dr. Vaibhav Kulkarni (Abbott) Dr. Joseph Lewis (Ex-Marico) Mr. Mohan V. (Intll Advocare) Dr. N Ramasubramanian (VR FoodTech) Ms. Richa Mattu (Hindustan Unilever) Mr. SD Pandit (Ex-L&T) e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc Ms. Shilpa Telang (Tata Chemicals) Mr. Rohit Raut (JRS Rettenmaier) Mr. JA Sakhavalkar (Ex-Sandoz) Imag Imag Imag Mr. Shaminder Pal Singh (Pepsico) Mr. Amitabh Tewari (Parle Products) Mr. RD Shenoy (Ex-Cadbury) Mrs. Madhavi Trivedi (Kellogg) Ms. Meenu Yadav (Mondelez) Dr. GM Tewari (Ex-Coca Cola) EDITORIAL

Sports are becoming not only very as they not only supply the nutrients but also popular and competitive in India much needed water for hydration. organised sports supplies industry is growing rapidly as India is increasingly The nutrients are needed not only for replenishing water lost during perspiration but improving its presence in international energy needed to perform the physical activity sports in recent years and sports and also for maintaining the muscles in their persons are using scientific knowledge good working condition ensuring repair of in training and competing. wear and tear or damage. It is also needs to realise that different physical activities and Sports nutrition is also becoming a very sports have different nutritional needs so one important industry and is growing steadily. product should not work for all the purposes According to one estimate, it is currently during training and actual performance. Some around Rs 5000 crores and growing in double need bursts of energy for a rapid dash of 100 digits every year. One must remember that metres while some long distance and sports nutrition products are not just prolonged sports need continuous energy consumed by sportspersons but also by release along with other nutrients providing common people who are very active and also sustained support. occasionally participate in sports. There are many who have realised the importance of As sports become very competitive with very physical activity in keeping fit and healthy and high stakes, there are products providing edge k/Bet_Noire quite a few go for long and brisk walks or even over the others. Some may actually provide jog and many go to gyms for keeping fit by benefit but there are also some which may lifting weights or using other equipments. contain banned substances which provide e © iStoc advantage the illegal way. Such products are There are also many who go to sports clubs to Imag play tennis, badminton, basketball, football found in grey market and tout advantages and of course cricket. which at times are difficult to believe. Our All these amateurs also know a lot about regulators and enforcers must ensure that such sports nutrition and want to know more. Many products do not remain in the market places gyms have employed in-house trainers who and also create adequate awareness against impart advice to them about what supplements them so young minds which can be easily they should consume. Many times they are not swayed by the end results should not get lured qualified and/or knowledgeable about these by them. Let us hope that our young and old things although some gyms do employ who want to keep themselves fit and also play nutritionists. sports as hobby or professionally enjoy the benefits of many new ingredients in these There are many products which have appeared products and have been approved by our in the market and quite a few imported brands. regulations. Beverages were the first to appear and are still quite popular called sports or energy drinks. Prof. Jagadish S. Pai, They are replacing soft beverages including Executive Director, fruit juices that were consumed earlier. These PFNDAI contain proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals with some botanicals. There are also bars and gels. Beverages are still quite popular

PFNDAI Feb 2019 Nutrition and Cardiovascular diseases

By Dr. Shweta Khandelwal, Head, Nutrition Research, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI)

Healthy diets are one of the most polyunsaturated fats, seafood documented the profound effect of (3) eet eet eet important factor in disease omega-3 fats, and sodium . nutritional intake on CVD prevention and management. incidence/severity including: The According to the World Health Diet And Reinfarction Trial However, this is also the most Organization, without intervention, (DART), Lyon Heart study, The k.com/LanaSw k.com/LanaSw k.com/LanaSw confusing topic for most of us the number of overweight and European Prospective Investigation especially for lay man as to what obese infants and young children into Cancer and Nutrition study constitutes a healthy diet(1). globally will increase from 41 (EPIC), Prospective Urban Rural e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc Research needs to be understood in million in 2016 to 70 million by Epidemiology (PURE) study, Imag Imag Imag light of several constraining factors 2025—leaving them vulnerable to Dietary Approaches to Stop and conditions under which a premature onset of NCDs such as Hypertension (DASH) and particular study was undertaken (2). diabetes and heart diseases. A Prevencióncon DietaMediterránea But one cannot deny the fact that recent multi-country study (PREDIMED) etc. Information on poor diets reduce our productivity (including India) revealed that 94% each of these is freely available via and increase premature morbidity of full service meals and 72% of publications. Healthy lifestyle and mortality.Suboptimal diet was fast food meals contained at least (regular physical activity, healthy responsible for an estimated 1 in 5 600 kcal in 4 of the 5 countries diet, normal BMI, no/minimum premature deaths globally from studied including India. The alcohol, not smoking) is associated 1990 to 2016. All forms of authors also projected that with 45– 81% decreased heart malnutrition – spanning from consuming current servings of a full failure incidence. Here we undernutrition to overweight and service and a fast food meal daily summarize the latest evidence obesity - predispose to non- would ALONE supply between (preferably from robustly conducted communicable diseases (NCDs). 70% and 120% of the daily energy systematic reviews and meta About 45% of cardio-metabolic requirements for a sedentary analyses) of some of the major deaths in 2012 (318,000/702,000) woman (4). nutrients and cardiovascular were “associated with” top 10 diseases. This may not be dietary factors: fruits, vegetables, Healthy dietary behavior plays an exhaustive but we have tried to be nuts/seeds, whole grains, important role in the primary and comprehensive and provide trends unprocessed red meats, processed secondary prevention of CVD. of what may work and what doesn’t meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, Multiple landmark trials have also in general.

PFNDAI Feb 2019 3 COVER STORY

SFAs by PUFAs, but the A more specific review done on magnitude of the omega-3 fatty acids and cvd reported effect was much differentiates between long and smaller (RR: 0.90; 95% short chain fatty acid effects. They CI: 0.83, 0.97) than that assess that long chain n-3s show reported by the AHA little/no effect on all-cause Presidential Advisory. mortality, cv mortality, cv events, CHD mortality, strokeor A recent Cochrane arrhythmia (high quality) but review assessed that reduced CHD events (RR 0.93, 95% PUFAs slightly reduce CI 0.88 to 0.97, 84,301 participants; risk of:CHD events from 5469 CHD events in 28 RCTs). 14.2% to 12.3% (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.72 to This effect was not maintained in 1.06, 15 trials, 10,076 sensitivity analyses thereby participants) and CVD concluding that long chain n-3 events from 14.6% to makes little or no difference to

ain 13.0% (RR 0.89, 95% CI CHD event risk (moderate w 0.79 to 1.01, 17,799 GRADE). The short chain n3s also participants in 21 trials), show little or no difference to all- all moderate-quality cause mortality, cv mortality, CHD arrengolds evidence; CHD death events but slightly reduce risk of cv (6.6% to 6.1%, RR 0.91, events (from 4.8% to 4.7%, RR

k.com/w 95% CI 0.78 to 1.06, 9 0.95, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.07, 19,327 trials, 8810 participants) participants; 884 CVD events, 5 and stroke (1.2% to 1.1%, RCTs, low-quality evidence), CHD e © iStoc RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.58 to mortality (1.1% to 1.0%, RR 0.95)

Imag 1.44, 11 trials, 14,742 and arrhythmia (3.3% to 2.6%, RR participants) all low- 0.79). 1. FATS quality evidence. This is the most controversial of all Trans fatty acids have markedly nutrients. The American Heart A meta-analysis of 8 RCTs adverse effects on serum lipids- raises levels of low-density Association (AHA) had issued a concluded that ω-6 PUFA cause lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, Presidential Advisory in 2017 larger reduction in coronary risk (5)which suggested that lowered reduces levels of high-density intake of dietary saturated fats than ALA or ω-3 supplementation lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and increases the ratio of total (SFA) and replacement with poly (RR: 0.89; 95%CI: 0.71, 1.12).ω-6 unsaturated fats (PUFAs) reduced cholesterol to HDL cholesterol. CVD by ≈30%, similar to statin PUFAs also reduce LDL & non- Trans fats also increase triglycerides treatment. Replacement of SFA HDL-c in a dose-dependent manner as compared with other fats, with refined carbohydrates and compared with dietary increase levels of lipoprotein A, and sugars is not associated with lower carbohydrate, and have a neutral reduce the particle size of LDL CVD. Replacement of SFA with effect on blood pressure. cholesterol, each of which raises the unsaturated fats lowers LDL-c. risk of CHD. Trans fats appear to Observational studies also suggest increase the risk of CHD more than Thus they advised to shift from SFA that higher intake of ω-6 PUFAs, any other macronutrient even at low to PUFAs simultaneously in an when compared with SFAs or levels of consumption (1 to 3 overall healthful dietary pattern carbohydrate, lower risks for CVD percent of total energy intake). such as DASH or the events (10–30%), CVD and total Mediterranean diet. This advisory mortality (10–40%), and T2D In fact, a 2 percent increase in was critiqued because of its (20–50%). Despite the concern that energy intake from trans fatty acids limitation to 4 RCTs. However, is associated with a 23 percent ω another comprehensive meta- -6 fatty acids increase increase in the incidence of CHD. analysis of 15 RCTs performed by inflammation, current evidence Higher trans-18:2 levels were even Mozaffarian et al. (6) also reported a from studies in humans does not associated with a tripling of the risk significant reduction in total CAD support this view. of sudden death from cardiac risk with replacement of 5% of causes.

PFNDAI Feb 2019

COVER STORY

One may wonder as to why the found in milk products; effect of fats is so inconsistent. A and maltose few reasons include: all fats are not (glucose+glucose), the same. Multiple fractions of fats from malt. The most act differently. So far evidence common naturally seems to favour PUFAs than SFAs. occurring However, even SFA is not a monosaccharide is homogeneous bucket- differences in fructose (found in fruits long and medium chain fatty acids and vegetables). The or even and odd chain fatty acids in term dextrose is used to saturated fats are noted. SFA from refer to glucose. dairy products (odd chain) may be better. SFA raise both LDL and • Intrinsic or naturally HDL-C (meta-analyses: Every 1% occurring sugar refers increase in energy from SFAs, LDL- to the sugar that is an c increase by 12.7– 17.4 mg/L and integral constituent of HDL-c increase by 4.3– 5.0 mg/L). whole fruit, vegetable, There are also a large measurement and milk products; error for fats which currently extrinsic or added sugar available dietary instruments are refers to sucrose or unable to ascertain reliably. other refined sugars in soft drinks and Thus, in summary, the American incorporated into food, fruit drinks, carbohydrate diets with high Heart Association and other beverages. Added sugars glycemic index may adversely Guidelines/American College of are defined as sugars that are added impact on glucose control and have Cardiology(AHA/ACC) 2018panel to foods during food processing, been linked to an increased risk of seem most prudent which manufacturing, or preparation. The CHD. recommend lowering saturated fat newer term, “free sugars,” also intake in the context of a healthy includes sugars naturally present in The Women’s Health Initiative on diet to improve CVD risk factors unsweetened fruit juices: otherwise, 49,000 postmenopausal American and outcomes. The AHA/ACC these two terms are interchangeable. reduced total fat from 36% to 29% panel does not specify Under this definition, only lactose of energy while carbohydrates were macronutrient substitution, but naturally present in milk products increased. Both SFA and PUFA notes beneficial lipid profile shifts and sugars contained within the were reduced but only minor when saturated fat is replaced with cellular structure of foods (eg, change in blood lipids. No PUFAs, followed by whole fruits) would be excluded reduction in risk of CHD was seen monounsaturated fatty acids (WHO, 2015). even after 8 years of follow up. Two (MUFAs), then whole grains.Dairy other cohort studies: the Nurses’ fat is presumably not as harmful as • The GI compares foods based on a Health Study and the Health other animal fats, but unsaturated standardised amount of available Professionals Follow-up fats and whole grains are superior carbohydrate. Glycaemic load (GI Studyshowed that intake of selections. Replacement of dairy fat multiplied by the amount of carbohydrates from refined starches with whole grains reduced risk by carbohydrate in a typical serving) and added sugars was positively 34%. allows the glycaemic effect of foods, associated with risk of CHD (HR: meals, and whole diets to be 1.10, CI 1.00–1.21, based on 2. CARBOHYDRATES compared as realistically consumed, comparison of extreme quintiles). It This section includes evidence on and it has been shown to be a better was estimated that replacing 5% of refined carbohydrates, sugar, whole predictor of glycaemic response energy intake from SFA with grains and dietary fiber. than the amounts of carbohydrate, equivalent energy intake from • Simple carbohydrate (sugar) refers protein, and fat in food. carbohydrates from whole grains to mono- and disaccharides; was associated with 9% lower risk complex carbohydrate refers to Refined cereals have a much lower of CHD (HR: 0.91, CI 0.85 to polysaccharides such as starch. content of dietary fiber and of 0.98). Replacing SFA with Common disaccharides are sucrose numerous micronutrients compared carbohydrates from refined (glucose+fructose), found in sugar with unprocessed cereals. White starches/added sugars did not cane, sugar beets, honey, and corn sugar, of course, is totally lacking in confer any benefits against CHD. syrup; lactose (glucose+galactose), fiber and all micronutrients. High-

PFNDAI Feb 2019 COVER STORY

cardiomyocytes and vascular 3. PROTEINS: endothelial cells; also regulates the Most guidelines recommend 10 to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone 35 percent of daily calories to come system, adiposity, energy from protein sources. expenditure, and pancreatic cell Approximately an adult should activity. However, meta-analyses

k.com/marilyna roughly eat 1 g per kg body weight have failed to show clear per day (60g for 60kgs) (ICMR improvements in BP, insulin RDA 2010). However, Indians are sensitivity, or lipid parameters. e © iStoc known to be protein deficient. The Experts say that the link between

Imag European Prospective Investigation vitamin D deficiency and CVD may into Cancer and Nutrition-Physical be an epiphenomenon. Thus simply Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, popping in supplements may be of Cessation of Smoking, Eating Out little use(3). of Home and Obesity (EPIC- PANACEA) study showed that There are several other vitamins after adjustment for estimated and minerals which are important energy intake, an increase in meat in the development and progression intake of 250 g/d was estimated to of CVD. However discussing all lead to a 2-kg higher weight gain here is beyond the scope of this after 5 years (95% CI: 1.5, 2.7 kg). write up. One critical mineral which Positive associations were observed is linked with BP and CVD is Several reviews report that dietary for red meat, poultry, and processed sodium. The average global sodium fiber has a protective association meat. intake is approximately 3950 with risk of CHD. The pooled mg/day (range 2180 to 5510 estimate for the risk ratio per 7 4. VITAMINS, MINERALS AND mg/day) vs recommended levels g/day increase in fiber from cereal ANTIOXIDANTS (2000–2400 mg/day). A meta- sources was 0.84 (CI 0.76–0.94). analysis of RCTS (at least 4 weeks) This amount of 7 g/day of cereal Observational studies suggested reported that a reduction in sodium fiber may be supplied by roughly 62 protective role for vitamins (E, intake of 2300 mg/day would g of whole grain cereal and may folate, B12 and carotenes) & reduce SBP by 5.8 mmHg (95% CI reduce risk of CHD by inconsistent and weak evidence for 2.5 to 9.2mmHg). approximately 16%. vitamin C. Large clinical trials with supplements have shown es In a recent meta-analysis no benefit in the case of (n=432179), both low (<40%) and

vitamin E and an actual k.com/ high CHO consumption (>70%) increase in risk for CVD with conferred greater mortality risk

carotenes. Current evidence ybusinessimag e .After multivariable adjustment a U- does not support antioxidant e © iStoc shaped association is observed Imag supplementation; but intake of monk between percent energy consumed their primary food sources from carbohydrate (mean 48•9%, should be encouraged. The SD 9•4) and mortality. If about 50- summary message on these 55% energy was being derived from micronutrient fractions is that carbohydrates, lowest risk of we should try and get them mortality was noted.This from natural sources (like fresh association varied by the source of fruits and vegetables) and avoid macronutrients--mortality increased synthetic preparations unless when carbohydrates were advised by physician. A latest exchanged for animal-derived fat or example to substantiate this is protein (1•18, 1•08-1•29) and Vitamin D. These days almost mortality decreased when the everyone is being detected of substitutions were plant-based Vitamin D deficiency and the (0•82, 0•78-0•87).The benefit of sale of these supplements has replacing fructose containing sugars gone up tremendously. It is with other processed carbohydrates suggested that Vitamin D is unclear. activates its nuclear receptor in

PFNDAI Feb 2019 7 COVER STORY

SUMMARY: reach all levels of society and create 3. Mozaffarian D. Dietary and Previously, advice has been a food environment wherein healthy Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular predominantly provided in terms of foods are accessible, affordable, and Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A nutrient targets, however there is an desirable. Health professionals Comprehensive Review. increasing shift towards providing should be proficient in basic Circulation. 2016;133(2):187-225. food-based dietary guidance. There nutritional knowledge to promote a is still a gap in the existing evidence sustainable pattern of healthful 4. Roberts SB, Das SK, Suen VMM, base concerning the distinct eating for cardiovascular disease Pihlajamaki J, Kuriyan R, Steiner- advantages and disadvantages of prevention for both healthy Asiedu M, Taetzsch A, Anderson providing dietary pattern-based individuals and those at higher risk. AK, Silver RE, Barger K, et al. advice compared to nutrient-based Measured energy content of advice. Reduction in excess calories In lay man terms, a nurtured body frequently purchased restaurant and improvement in dietary and mind is the best resource one meals: multi-country cross sectional composition may prevent many will have till the end. So invest in study. BMJ (Clinical research ed). primary and secondary your health NOW. Keep your 2018;363:k4864. cardiovascular events. weight controlled, engage in as much physical activity as you can 5. Sacks Frank M, Lichtenstein Most current guidelines recommend (10k steps per day or Adults aged Alice H, Wu Jason HY, Appel diets high in fruits, vegetables, 18–64 should do at least 150 Lawrence J, Creager Mark A, Kris- whole grains, nuts, and legumes; minutes of moderate-intensity Etherton Penny M, Miller M, moderate in low-fat dairy and aerobic physical activity throughout Rimm Eric B, Rudel Lawrence L, seafood; and low in processed the week), have healthy balanced Robinson Jennifer G, et al. Dietary meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, portions from variety of foods and Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A refined grains, and sodium. diverse food groups. Also remember Presidential Advisory From the Supplementation can be useful for to stay hydrated, sleep well and American Heart Association. some people but cannot replace a keep stress at bay. Circulation. 2017;136(3):e1-e23. wholesome healthy diet. Many studies suggest that factors REFERENCES: 6. Mozaffarian D, Micha R, responsible for consumption of low- 1. Temple NJ. Fat, Sugar, Whole Wallace S. Effects on coronary quality diets by most of us include Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years heart disease of increasing lack of knowledge, lack of of Confusion. Nutrients. polyunsaturated fat in place of availability, high cost, time scarcity, 2018;10(1):39. saturated fat: a systematic review social and cultural norms, and meta-analysis of randomized marketing of poor-quality foods, 2. Khandelwal S, Kurpad A, controlled trials. PLoS medicine. and taste. Narayan KMV. Global Non- 2010;7(3):e1000252. Communicable Diseases-The (More references will be available Governments should focus on Nutrition Conundrum. Frontiers in on request) cardiovascular disease as a global public health. 2018;6:9. threat and enact policies that will

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PFNDAI Feb 2019 Regulatory frameworks as enablers for innovation By Dr. Jasvir Singh, Regulatory, Scientific & Government Affairs Leader process of regulation formation. DuPont Nutrition & Health – South Asia Some of these aspects can be evaluated by asking some macro 6th Floor, Tower C, DLF Cyber Greens, Sector 25A, level questions. This approach takes DLF Cyber City Phase – III, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. root from the fact in a very broad ([email protected]) sense every regulation is one among arikVision arikVision many tools in the hands of society arikVision Regulatory frameworks and their can rely on definitions being used in (here we make an assumption that k.com/T k.com/T interplay with innovation culture, other sectors, but for the similar or governments act as representative or k.com/T innovation capacity and their same purpose. executive form of society) to impact on innovation friendliness control, amend, promote or regulate e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc of the ecosystem are subject a. Regulatory frameworks as a behaviour. Hence in this Imag Imag matters of great research in many macro steps: approach, regulatory frameworks Imag areas. Looking at the impact that One of such definition which is are looked at as the high-level food processing industry has had used in some sectors is the one questions that a society or a on societies, especially in given below: regulator would ask of themselves creation of jobs in the Indian “A regulatory framework can be throughout the process of context, this subject has not defined as the macro level steps that regulations development. Some of received as much interest in the a regulator must complete in order these questions are: food regulations and food science to bring forward regulations.1” • “Why do we need to regulate this and technology, as in some other The above definition provides a behaviour”? domains. This article tries to put clear distinction between a • “Who is harmed by the together some of the basic regulatory framework and a behaviour?” concepts in this domain for regulation. Even a very simplistic • “Is this harm serious enough to starting a more comprehensive reading of the above gives a sense warrant government intervention?”, and detailed analysis in these that regulatory frameworks etc. domains as well, especially in the encompass a much broader and context of Indian food regulatory comprehensive or inclusive way of c. Regulatory framework as ecosystem, so that good practices looking at matters of regulatory accountability mechanisms: can be documented and used as concerns, compared to a very Another point of view around reference points or guiding narrower perspective (at least in regulatory frameworks is to look at principles for taking future comparative terms, when compared them as accountability mechanisms decisions. to regulatory frameworks) when i.e. a method by which the regulator one looks at regulation per se. accounts for the responsibilities 1. Regulatory Framework: conferred upon it by the societies Let’s first understand what is a b. Regulatory frameworks as tools whose purpose it is supposed to regulatory framework, and how is a for regulating behaviour serve. regulatory framework different An alternative way of looking at from regulation. This conceptual regulatory frameworks can be to While there are these and many clarity is a must to avoid confusing look at them as some fundamental other ways of looking regulatory one with the other. In the absence behavioral aspects which must be frameworks, it is undisputable that a of a sector specific definition one evaluated, before beginning the continuous evaluation against some

PFNDAI Feb 2019 9 Regulatory Frameworks as Enablers of Innovation

objective questions throughout the 3. INNOVATION: • Innovation always strives to process of regulatory framework If defining regulatory frameworks generate intellectual property rights, creation, review and modification was a challenge, defining innovation whereas regulatory frameworks are generally leads society towards an is a bigger challenge, but because of not always looking at intellectual objective mechanism which ensures a different reason. While defining property rights as a potential that there is a genuine purpose regulatory frameworks poses a benefit, but are more oriented behind such exercises, all the time. challenge of paucity of published towards general public good. Such an objective assessment also literature, defining innovation poses has another benefit that it ensures a challenge of far too abundant Due to the above divergent that unreasonable costs in the form volume of literature for this characteristics, there is a complex of avoidable regulatory burden are purpose. However a very simplistic relationship between innovation not imposed on societies. way of defining it can be in terms of and regulatory frameworks. dictionary definition of innovation, Regulatory frameworks have 2. Framework: which is generally made of two multiple levers, which impact A framework canbe defined as the components: innovation, some of them are: basic, underlying structure to a set • introduction of something new of regulations. A framework is • a new idea, method, or device a. Objectives: Good regulatory composed of a several frameworks have a defined set of complementary elements or 4. INTERPLAY OF REGULATORY objectives to begin with, and these concepts in support of something FRAMEWORKS AND INNOVATION: objectives may not always be larger. This Impact of regulatory frameworks innovation friendly. also on innovation can’t be under supports the estimated. More over in view of b. Timelines: All regulatory earlier almost contrasting nature of changes typically require a timeline emphasis innovation and regulatory within which these changes are that frameworks, there is bound to be a supposed to be implemented. A well although bit of tension between both these thought out implementation plan, regulations frameworks. However regulatory which takes care of the potential form an frameworks play an important role impact on innovations in the sector, important in determining success or failure of goes a long way in creating an part of an innovative product, process of innovation friendly culture in regulatory system. societies. frameworks, but A number of studies have also c. Impact analysis (cost/ benefit k.com/EtiAmmos k.com/EtiAmmos k.com/EtiAmmos regulatory found a significant linkage between analysis) based approach: frameworks regulatory frameworks and success Undertaking impact analysis right in the beginning before undertaking e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc are rates of innovations, although the something significance varies from sector to regulatory interventions help in Imag Imag Imag larger than sector, and product to product. It is making an objective decision just regulations. also important to mention that by making process a corner stone of its inherent nature, characteristics regulatory frameworks. Such A regulatory framework also looks of innovation are almost a misfit approaches provide incentives to at various other elements, apart into regulatory frameworks, innovation by all stakeholders, by from regulations, which are especially on the following counts: providing a predictable policy necessary for effective • Innovation is new and future environment. implementation of the regulation, oriented, whereas regulatory so that the fundamental objectives frameworks are almost always based d. Balance between science and of having a regulation in place are on historical data. other factors: While scientists have achieved. This may be in many • Innovation functions for an unwavering faith in objectivity forms, such as guidelines, codes of expanding/ redrawing the existing and scientific data based practice, maximum upper limits, boundaries, whereas regulatory frameworks, there is a wider minimum lower limits, rules and frameworks believe in understanding in societies that other responsibilities, formats etc. All standardization. factors also play an important role these are supposed to perform • Innovation strives to enter newer in such decisions. And these factors supplementary functions along with areas, whereas regulatory have a huge role to play, especially the regulations. frameworks are always more in determining social implications cautious about entering new areas. of innovations, technologies etc.

PFNDAI Feb 2019

Regulatory Frameworks as Enablers of Innovation

e. Prohibitions, inhibitions and there is close interaction between Apart from these two trends, there incentives: Regulatory frameworks regulators and the regulated is increasing realization that do have the power to put in place companies, which should further regulatory interventions must be prohibitions or inhibitions on explain some of the existing based on well thought, scientific certain areas of operations due to ambivalence. and objective goals and processes. scientific or other factors. They also Some aspects of the good can incentivize certain behaviors, 5.NEW TRENDS: regulatory practices are: technologies or end objectives. All The globalization of the world’s a. Policy goals: It is a good these have the potential to impact economies is applying growing regulatory practice to start with innovations. pressure on governments to well-defined objective or goal. liberalize trade practices. Businesses These goals are not necessarily It is clear from the above that and individuals express displeasure always scientific or technical only, impact on innovation will depend at restrictive trade practices, often these may be: on the specifics of sectors, embodied in regulations that • Economic technologies, societies and their prohibit or at the very least inhibit • Social complex interplay. Apart from these commerce. • Cultural it also depends on the type of Furthermore, governments are regulations, companies involved recognizing that regulations impose b. Policy instruments (means to and the time horizon in which the a fiscal burdenupon companies and achieve goals):After fixing the goals, impact is being studied. citizens. Enforcement and regulator should analyse the options compliance activities require available in front of it, by which it Some studies have also pointed out significant investments in personnel can achieve the chosen goals. Some that generally impact is seen to be and equipment. In an era of fiscal of these options can be: negative in the short term, but long restraint, regulations are often • Regulatory approaches term impacts generally turn out to viewed as an expensive solution to • Self-Regulatory approaches be positive by forcing or social and market imbalances. • Other approaches encouraging their adoption; accelerating the uptake of These mounting pressures have c. Policy Implementation: It is a innovations or their spillover forced governments from all over good idea to evaluate policy benefits. Another factor influencing the world to re-look at their existing implementation, while designing the impact is that innovation culture and proposed regulations. As a the chosen policy. A good policy within the regulatory bodies result, two new trends have which is simple, consistent and easy promotes the positive innovation emerged: to implement. Some important impact of regulations. However, this a. Deregulation, and areas to consider are: aspect has not been fully analyzed b. Harmonization of regulations • Enforcement capability and yet. with other nations capacity • Compliance mechanisms Many of the above empirical hypotheses haven’t been fully studies because there are many gaps Image © iStock.com/TarikVision in research methodologies. Some of them are: •De velopment of appropriate indicators of the regulatory framework. •R elationships between processes within companies and the impact of regulations: Each company is unique in a way it reacts to regulations. This is assumed to be very significant in view of the observed heterogeneous impacts on innovations. •Impact of Interaction levels between companies and Regulators:Regulations are not only exogenous to companies, but often

PFNDAI Feb 2019 Regulatory Frameworks as Enablers of Innovation

d. Regular Evaluation (have we choice while making policy general and in the set of objectives achieved goals?): Every policy is interventions is required on part of and the general culture of effective for a certain period of governments and societies, so that regulatory bodies in particular. time, and it requires an objective re- innovation culture can prosper and assessment to ensure that it remains societies can take full benefit from c. Include innovation in ex-ante and effective. Some of the ways to such innovations. ex-post regulatory impact ensure this are: assessments. Integrate regulation in • Impact Assessment (Both Ante/ Based on the general insights from the research on innovation systems. Post Regulation) this conceptual approach, the • Stakeholder consultation before empirical analyses, and also the d. Optimize the frequency and and after implementation gaps identified, the following timing of reviewing existing k.com/EtiAmmos k.com/EtiAmmos proposals for more innovation- regulations. k.com/EtiAmmos Summary: friendly regulatory policies can be e © iStoc e © iStoc The above points to a very complex developed: e. Coordinate the policies of all e © iStoc interplay between innovation and relevant regulatory bodies to foster Imag Imag regulatory frameworks, and various a. Strengthen the focus on innovation. Imag ways in which regulations can innovation in regulatory policy. make or mar an innovation. It is f. Assess, evaluate and develop also well understood that b. Increase the quality of the mechanism to engage regulator at innovation is one of the regulatory framework regarding the front end of innovation cycles, fundamental needs for societies to innovation. Move innovation into wherever useful. grow and prosper. Hence a careful the center of public policies in

COMING

4th Annual Nutrition Summit Vitafoods Europe EVENTS April 17-18, 2019 A Brave New World in Nutrition & Holiday Inn, Mumbai Food Safety T: +91 22 6608 9643 May 7-9, 2019 E: [email protected] Palexpo, Geneva Agri & Food Processor’s Conclave W: http://inventiconasia.com E: [email protected] March 8, 2019 W: www.vitafoods.eu.com FTAPCCI, Red Hills, Hyderabad T: 80087 00258 Nutraceuticals 2019 E: [email protected] April 22-23, 2019 Frontiers in Food Safety & Nutrition W: www.ftapcci.com Osaka, Japan May 13-15, 2019 [email protected] E: Brussels, Belgium IIDE 2019 E: [email protected] Indian International Dairy Expo 5th Intl Conf on Food & Beverages April 3-5, 2019 April 22-23, 2019 IFT Food Expo Bombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai Osaka, Japan June 2-5, 2019 k.com/kasto80 k.com/kasto80 T: +91 22 2871 5201 k.com/kasto80 E: [email protected] E: [email protected] New Orleans, USA W: www.ift.org Superfood Asia 2019 e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc 3rd Intl Conference on Food & April 17-18, 2019 Agro F&B Pro Imag Imag Nutritional Sci Sands Expo & Convention Centre, August 1-3, 2019 Imag April 15-17, 2019 Singapore Dr SPMukherjee Indoor AC Stadium, Goa T: +91 98101 78293 Paris, France E: [email protected] E: [email protected] E: [email protected] W: www.agrofnbpro.com

PFNDAI Feb 2019 13 Image © iStock.com/noipornpan Nutrition A Peelamedu Coimb a Department ofChemistry Associate Professor&Head, Dr Department ofChemistry Department ofChemistry Associate Professor&Head, Dr PSGR KrishnammalCollegeforW Dr PSGR KrishnammalCollegeforW W Krishnammal Collegefor Management, PSGR P Department ofFood Activity wasorganizedby with P Coimbatore incollaboration India, Maricoand The Nutrition W Krishnammal Collegefor Seminar Hall,PSGR December (PFNDAI) on28thof Association ofIndia Nutrition Development and aseminaron“R the Inter–collegiateevents A components ofthe Nutrition. Fitness, Healthand theme oftheactivitywas Chemicals Pvt.Ltd. was supportedbyK Coimbatore. t rocessing wareness omen P omen, P . Subr . Subr . Subr PSGR KrishnammalCollegeforW rotein Foodsand eelamedu, amanian Chitr amanian Chitr amanian Chitr , 2018atChandra eelamedu, The two Activity included T echnology and The activity A wareness T ata ellogg’ The ole of , , , s a, a, a, omen omen Mr while Mr Engineering w from AmrithaSchoolof Mr competition. Mr par and thefinalround.Allstudents consisted of Cor Nara the quizmasterMr and Nutrition.Itw on F Quiz Competitionwhichw The firste organized intheforenoonsession. Three intercollegiatee Director Ramasubramanian, F inaugurated byDr PSGRK Y w by pra the prog from PSGRK colleg About 260studentsfrom16 registration of The prog Food inHealthyLife”. esodha De as gi .Ka .J ticipated enthusiasticall p .Gokulnath, B ood Science y , Coimbatore es inadditionto100students anan fromCatal y v vin A w Department ofChemistry Assistant Professor Dr Dr Department ofChemistry PSGR KrishnammalCollegeforW PSGR KrishnammalCollegeforW Department ofChemistry Assistant Professor Dr PSGR KrishnammalCollegeforW a en byDr er CW , VRF ramme .K. V . Thew ramme star . N. . N. . N. t v ent w . TheProg Report By y thepreliminar vi, Secretar areness A apparaj fromPSG ore CW par thepar ishn on thefirstprize ood T . Thisw . (Mrs .K.V , F Arunadev Arunadev Arunadev as theNutri-Suspi- elcome address . Thequiz .N u Prashanthand .T . Sur as conductedby ood T ted withthe . ech Mumbai. ech students i ticipated in v ounder ticipants .). N v yst Quiz ramme w ek and as follo ents w y y

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Regulatory Frameworks as Enablers of Innovation

The Third Event was the Hitch Free upon the importance of nutrition Session IV was a presentation by Recipe competition wherein the for sports persons, RDA’s for sports Ms.Swechha Soni on Aseptic students had to prepare recipes men and women. He also Processing and Health. She drew using the sugar substitute- Stevia emphasized on how nutrient and special attention on the need of branded zero sugar by Tata exercises play a vital role in aseptic processing in the current Chemicals. The participation was enhancing their endurance as well scenario and the various overwhelming. A lot of delectable as keep them fit. technologies employed to ensure and mouthwatering dishes were aseptic processing and packaging of witnessed by Mr. S. Ashok Kumar, The technical session II witnessed food in order to ensure safe and Chef Chief, The Residency Hotel was an engaging presentation by wholesome food to the consumer. Pvt Ltd Coimbatore& Ms.Kavitha, Dr. Rohini Sharma – Consultant Chief Dietitian, P.S.G Hospitals, Food Technologist and Nutritionist, Also, Ms.Shobana Boopathy from Coimbatore. Mom Made foods, Coimbatore. Dr.N.G.P Arts & Science was Her presentation showcased upon felicitated by giving the PFNDAI The recipe titled “Golden balls and the ways of stress management in merit cum means scholarship for Millet Cookies” prepared by the our day to day life, with a dose of the year 2018-19 by the hands of students- Danusya B and Kalavathy essential amino acids like Dr.Ramasubramanian, VR Food DN of Food Processing tryptophan. She also highlighted Tech. Technology and Management the relationship between the PSGRKCW received the first prize. Essential amino acids and The technical session was This was followed by “Eggless hormones related to sleep and succeeded by the valediction. The Banana Cashew Muffin” Kavipriya happiness. Valedictory address was given by S and SarayuRashikaa students of Dr. S. Nirmala, Principal, Dept. of Botany; PSGRKCW took The third session was presided by PSGRKCW. She mentioned the away the second prize. The third Dr.Malathy Venkatesan, Senior importance of food right from prize was handed over to S.Nandini Scientist, Tata Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., being as a basic necessity of life to and S. NasrinBanu for preparing Mumbai. She showcased upon the an important trading commodity. Ragi Balls Vellalar College of role of sugar substituted in healthy Hence with right knowledge and Women. life.The focal point of her technology up gradation it can pave presentation was how sugar the way for development. The afternoon session comprised of substitutes are better alternative to four technical sessions conducted table sugar especially for people The Programme concluded by vote by eminent speakers. The first suffering from type II diabetes. She of Thanks by Dr. S. Chitra, Head & session was presented by Dr. N also said that some of these Associate Professor, Department of Ramasubramanian, Founder substitutes were designed for Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal Director VR Food tech, Mumbai on lactose- intolerance people. College for Women, Coimbatore. Sports Nutrition. He highlighted EVENT PHOTOGRAPHS

Inauguration Quiz Competition

16 PFNDAI Feb 2019 Regulatory Frameworks as Enablers of Innovation

Poster Competition Recipe Competition

Ms. Shobhana Boopathy from Dr NGP Arts & Science College receiving PFNDAI Merit cum Means Scholarship for year 18-19 by Dr. N Ramasubramanian, VR FoodTech with Ms. Swechha Soni, PFNDAI Dr S Nirmala, Principal PSGRKCW at NAA-Coimbatore Dr. Malathy Venkatesan, Tata Chemicals

PFNDAI Feb 2019 17 Regulatory Frameworks as Enablers of Innovation

Mr. Vishnu Prashant receiving the first prize from Dr. Malathy, Ms. Rennie receiving award from Dr. S Nirmala, Principal, Tata Chemicals and Dr. S Nirmala, Principal, PSGRKCW for PSGRKCW and Dr. Rohini on behalf of Ms. Poovizhi & Quiz Competition on behalf of Mr. Vivek and Mr. Gokulnath Ms. Deepa of Vellalar College for Women, for winning the of PSG College of Technology first prize in Poster Competition.

Mr. Vishnu Prashant of PSG College of Tech, being felicitated Ms. Kaviya of PSGRKCW being felicitated by Dr. S Nirmala, by Dr. N. Ramasubramanian, VR Tech and Dr. S Nirmala, Principal, PSGRKCW and Dr. Rohini Sharma for winning the Principal, PSGRKCW for winning the second prize in the second prize in Poster Competition. Quiz Competition.

Ms. Monisha receiving award from Dr. S Nirmala, Principal, Ms. Kalavathy of PSGRKCW, being felicitated by PSGRKCW on behalf of Ms. Hemalatha & Ms. Harithasri of Dr. S Nirmala, Principal, PSGRKCW and Ms. Swechha Soni Vellalar College for women, for winning the third prize in for winning the first prize in Recipe Competition Poster Competition.

Ms. Saraya Rashikaa and Ms. Kavipriya of PSGRKCW, being felicitated by Ms. Swechha Soni and Dr. S Nirmala, Ms. Nasrinbanu and Ms. Nandhini of Vellalar College for Principal, PSGRKCW for Women, being felicitated by Dr. S Nirmala, 18 winning the second prize Principal, PSGRKCW and Ms. Swechha Soni PFNDAI Feb 2019 in Recipe Competition. for winning the third prize in Recipe Competition. Image © iStock.com/William_Potter w bef comments and suggestions in detail and send in the compl packag v offered orsoldthroughw standards forthequalityof Final Gazettenotificationsetting pr r look at the Pr since the last r Draft regulationonProcessingAids IS:10500. r Please find belo Dear R ar car solv antifoaming ag their functionalityinter • Categorizesprocessingaidsasper has thefollo pr ag or and the link t • Listsper labelling of • La foods andfoodcategories along withthele PFNDAI Feb2019 egulation w eaching consequence in f ending machine ater fordrinkingotherthan ents e encour der escribed ocessing. Go thr riers/e or ents fore ys do e 11 Mar , et y withIndianStandards , etc ed drinkingw eaders c published b wn theconditionfor x mitted processingaids , cipients processingaids aged t wing salientfeatures format xtraction, hich has a f o r ocessing Aid ent, catal ch 2019 in the ound up. R v . Thisrefersto REGULA w the summary egulations, el indifferent R , antimicrobial o ha oug ater andm . v ms of y FSS ysts h the dr e a close ater ar- . OUND UP w , eaders ood ater

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Low salt diet benefits for a week, we saw an increase in Taskforce. e © iStoc the blood pressure of the female women more than men, Imag mice of about 10mmHg, which is Previously, Faulkner and de study suggests clinically significant,” says Dr. Chantemele had discovered that the 12 Dec 2018 Nutrition Insight Jessica L. Faulkner, MCG levels of aldosterone are higher in Postdoctoral Fellow and the study’s females, while blood pressure is the Following a low salt diet is more first author. same in both sexes. This is a typical effective in lowering blood difference between males and pressure in women than men, Eplerenone, a steroidal females they say. according to a study from the antimineralocorticoid of the Medical College of Georgia at spironolactone group that is used as “We thought that if the female mice Augusta University. Even though the an adjunct in the management of have more aldosterone than the levels of salt retention are similar chronic heart failure, was used to males, they should be more salt- in both sexes, the researchers restore the blood pressure to a sensitive,” says de Chantemele. found that blood pressure was healthier level and promote the “That is what really pushed us to do more elevated in females. ability of blood vessels’ lining to this study.” relax, according to de Chantemele. The study, published in the journal One of aldosterone’s functions is to Hypertension, also suggests that the “Salt (sodium chloride) is essential increase sodium and fluid retention use of aldosterone-blocking drugs for proper body function, but only a by the kidneys. When one may benefit women. Aldosterone is a small amount is needed. The consumes too much salt aldosterone hormone and blood vessel constrictor average adult sodium intake in the levels go down to avoid excessive that is naturally found at higher levels US is more than double the salt retention, which increases fluid in females and is further elevated by American Heart Association’s retention and blood pressure. high-salt diets. recommendation for ideal heart health. A large volume of scientific The researchers found that in males, Dr. Eric J. Belin de Chantemele of research shows that reducing the aldosterone-salt interaction Augusta University, co-author of the sodium can help people lower their works in a way that increased salt study, says that when testing on mice, blood pressure, get healthier and intake suppresses aldosterone, the team found that after seven days even save lives. That’s why we want which helps protect males from this on a high-salt diet there was a to reduce sodium in the food path to hypertension. While for reduction in female mice’s blood supply,” tells NutritionInsight, females a high salt intake does not vessel relaxation while their blood Lawrence J. Appel, M.D., M.P.H., suppress aldosterone levels as much, pressure increased. chair of the American Heart so the hormone increases fluid Association’s Sodium Reduction retention and blood pressure. “When we gave mice a high-salt diet

20 PFNDAI Feb 2019

Research in Health & Nutrition Image © iStock.com/ katerinasergeevna

In this case, instead of retaining mechanisms. more fluid and salt, the hormone seems to cause problems by Mineralocorticoids are impairing the ability of blood steroid hormones vessels to relax. The study found produced by the that the kidneys were functioning adrenal gland that normally. Both sexes excreted more affect salt and water sodium when they consumed more balance in the body. of it. In fact, females actually Aldosterone is the excreted the most. primary “In the salt-sensitivity field there are mineralocorticoid and two main concepts,” says de works directly in the Chantemele. “One is it’s mediated kidneys to get these to by the kidney retaining more salt. retain sodium and Another one suggests that it’s an water. improper relaxation of the blood vessels in people who are salt- Sodium is included in sensitive. Our data support that most foods and the second concept.” effects of a diet high in salt have long been the The use of eplerenone was found to subject of study. restore blood pressure and Clinical studies have endothelial function in the females. indicated that females It decreased both day and nighttime are generally more measures of the systolic blood salt-sensitive, but those findings Scalable model for pressure (top number which have not held up in animal studies – reducing anemia in girls: indicates pressure when the heart is which mostly have been done in Indonesian study highlights contracting), diastolic pressure male rodents – until now. (bottom number, which indicates collaboration as key 17 Dec 2018 Nutrition Insight pressure when the heart is relaxed) “There are many ways other than and mean arterial pressure (an salt to flavor food. Lemon juice, A multi-sectoral approach that average between the two which citrus zest or hot chilies can add goes through the schooling gives an overall idea of blood flow). extra flavor without the extra system is key to reducing iron In male mice, the use of eplerenone sodium,” adds Appel. deficiency in girls, according to a didn’t have any effect. The results of a recent study, also project trialed in Indonesia and The study findings point towards published in the journal aldosterone possibly being Hypertension, showed that people published in the British Medical beneficial for more pathological eating higher amounts of salt had Journal (BMJ). problems that females face like higher blood pressure – no matter obesity and salt-sensitive how healthy the person’s overall Seeking to implement a successful hypertension. diet. program that would be scalable in other geographic regions, the team Female mice experienced lower The excessive consumption of salt began a project in West Java, activity of the renin-angiotensin is known to affect heart health and Indonesia, which followed the system, a kidney-based system for blood pressure, but research by World Health Organization (WHO) regulating blood pressure and fluid scientists at Weill Cornell Medicine recommendation of weekly iron- levels often targeted by common has now underlined its negative folic acid supplementation hypertension medications like effect on cognitive health. (WIFAS) to reduce anemia in angiotensin-converting-enzyme Meanwhile, another study showed adolescents aged 10-19 years and (ACE) inhibitors. that for the vast majority of women of reproductive age. communities, sodium consumption The team’s previous work has is not associated with an increase in “Adolescent Nutrition programs, shown that female mice are health risks except for those whose and specifically weekly iron-folic particularly susceptible to average consumption exceeds acid supplementation programs, are mineralocorticoid receptor 5g/day. scalable especially when they activation and aldosterone- By Kristiana Lalou involve partnerships and mediated hypertension collaborations with both the health

22 PFNDAI Feb 2019 Research in Health & Nutrition

and education sectors. populous province with 47 million program support when needed. When anemia becomes inhabitants, indicated an anemia Health workers also had better elfusion3d elfusion3d elfusion3d everyone’s issue – prevalence of 50 percent. access to attendance data, which academic performance, helped them in forecasting supplies productivity and health The campaign image used by the for the project,” she says. k.com/pix k.com/pix k.com/pix – multiple sectors are weekly iron-folic supplementation more likely to become program in Indonesia. In West Java, the most populous engaged,” Marion The program province with 47 million e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc Roche, Senior Technical In Indonesia, adolescents rarely inhabitants, there is an anemia Imag Imag Imag Advisor, Adolescents’ & access preventive health services, but prevalence of 50 percent. Women’s Health & over 86 percent are enrolled in In this way, the project also Nutrition at the NGO secondary school. Thus, school- highlights the importance of Nutrition International, based interventions are seen as ideal engaging with the culture at hand. tells NutritionInsight. to reach adolescent girls and are cost-effective in other settings. In Indonesia, for example, the Iron deficiencies are Islamic-Indonesian term and prominent in girls The adolescent nutrition WIFAS concept of silaturahmi is very worldwide. A recent demonstration project was important for building personal report by the UN Food conducted between 2015 and 2018. relationships. It is based on the and Agriculture It aimed to show how the revised Islamic value of goodwill and Organization (FAO) national WIFAS policy could be fellowship, and the ability to extend identified iron introduced through the school personal ties of friendships to deficiency as one of the health program, supported by four strengthen fraternity and mutual most prevalent ministries: Ministry of Health, solidarity. micronutrient deficiencies in Europe Ministry of Education and Culture, and Central Asia, with the Caucasus Ministry of Religious Affairs and Working in a multi-sectoral and subregion showing the highest level Ministry of Home Affairs. collaborative manner enhanced this among women – 34.4 percent – feeling among the professionals, the followed by Central Asia – 33.8 The project outcomes estimate that project leaders say. Nutrition percent – and the EU, at 18.7 percent. the demonstration project might International is also aiming to have contributed to preventing 4,071 reduce anemia through WIFAS in Micronutrient deficiencies are a form cases of anemia, by reaching 52,000 other countries such as Ethiopia, of malnutrition, which, in general, is adolescent girls with the WIFAS India, Kenya and Pakistan. a significant obstacle to scheme in the two districts. socioeconomic development due to its Leading change in countries such as impact on the health of the The multisectoral collaboration was Indonesia, where the rate of anemia population, learning ability and driven by a change in a policy, as is high, could help foster reduction productivity. These deficiencies well as an existing mandate for in other locations. This study contribute to a cycle of malnutrition, collaboration, political commitment highlights how successful reduced development prospects and at all levels and by overall collaborations can be more effective poverty, often affecting already- coordination across sectors by the than any one sector working alone disadvantaged groups. non-governmental organization; and highlights the benefits of Nutrition International. working through the schooling Iron deficiency anemia is now The study also fostered informal system. recognized as the number one cause relationships which Roche explains of lost disability-adjusted life years was also key to the success. “The program has shown to be (DALYs), a measure of overall disease effective in reducing anemia and the burden, in adolescent girls globally, “One of the most surprising things school-based adolescent nutrition the study reports. during the research was that the program also provides an joint training was credited with opportunity for adolescent girls and Anemia has three significant building social and informal boys to learn about their health, consequences for adolescent girls: relationships, which ended up being growth and nutrition. This can also decreased school performance; loss of one of the biggest enablers to involve sexual reproductive health productivity; and decreased current collaboration. For example, the education and support for menstrual and future reproductive health. teachers and health workers formed hygiene management to support WhatsApp groups to remain girls in being in class more days of Screening data from the junior high connected socially, but teachers also the month,” says Roche. school students in West Java, the most were instantly connected for

PFNDAI Feb 2019 23 Research in Health & Nutrition

The recent FAO report which also schools with enhanced support to university partnership, and the highlighted the high instances of implement nutrition policies had an recognition that health and iron deficiency in girls also notes increase in BMI percentile of less academic achievement often go that a multi-sectoral approach could than 1%, compared with students in hand-in-hand. improve attempts to lower schools without enhanced support malnutrition amounts by aligning for these policies and programs who "This is some of the strongest policy with better quality, demonstrated increases of 3% to evidence we have to date that disaggregated data, for example. A 4%. The study is published in the nutrition education and promoting UK study found that a quarter of American Journal of Preventive healthy eating behaviors in the women at childbearing age had an Medicine. classroom and cafeteria can have a iron deficiency and called for meaningful impact on children's improvements in dietary quality "These findings can guide future health," said Marlene Schwartz, alongside supplementation and school and community director of the Rudd Center and fortification. interventions. Childhood obesity is senior study author. "These findings a serious health threat, and schools can inform how we approach Earlier this year, a Nestlé study are a vital way to reach children federal wellness policy requirements found that nearly 20 percent of and their families to reduce risks and implementation in schools to infants (6 to 12 months old) are not and promote health," said lead help mitigate childhood obesity." getting enough iron in their diet, author Jeannette Ickovics, the putting them at risk for suboptimal Samuel and Liselotte Herman The nutritional interventions in the cognitive development. Professor of Social and Behavioral schools studied included ensuring By Laxmi Haigh Sciences at the Yale School of that all school-based meals met Public Health. "These findings federal nutritional criteria; School-based nutritional strongly support previous providing nutritional newsletters for programs reduce student administration policies that students and their families; school- provided healthier food for all wide campaigns to limit sugary obesity drinks and encourage the Science Daily December Image © iStock.com/fotoedu use of water; and limiting 17, 2018 the use of food or beverages as rewards for In-school nutrition academic performance or policies and programs good behavior. that promote healthier eating habits among Researchers also tested middle school students whether a series of limit increases in body policies to promote mass index (BMI), a new physical activity would study led by the Yale impact adolescent body School of Public Health mass index. They finds. determined that the physical activity policies The five-year trial, alone had little or no conducted in conjunction impact on body mass children in public schools." These with the Rudd Center for Food index. Policy and Obesity at the University policies were rolled back last week by the U.S. Department of of Connecticut, followed nearly 600 In the study authors said that more Agriculture. students from 12 schools in New than one in five American teenagers Haven. are currently obese, and as many as The study is one of the first school- In schools with enhanced nutrition one in two are overweight or obese. based policy intervention studies policies and programs, students had Being overweight or obese early in that followed students through healthier body mass index life affects health across the middle school. The researchers trajectories (a measure of obesity) lifespan, contributing to a range of analyzed both behavioral and over time, and by the end of the chronic diseases such as biological indicators. Results are study they reported healthier hypertension, diabetes, and among the most compelling to date, behaviors than their peers in depression that reduce productivity said the researchers, perhaps schools without the nutrition and shorten life expectancy. policies and programs. Students in because of the strong community-

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Research in Health & Nutrition Image © iStock.com/ katerinasergeevna

pronounced But when researchers deactivated a damage to the certain T cell subtype in the mice's heart or bodies, known as regulatory T cells, abnormal the positive effects of propionate enlargement disappeared. The immune cells are of the organ, therefore indispensable for the making them substance's beneficial effect. A less research group under Johannes susceptible to Stegbauer, an adjunct professor at Image © iStock.com/ cardiac Düsseldorf University Hospital, shylendrahoode arrhythmia. confirmed the team's findings in a Vascular second animal model. damage, such How dietary fibre and gut as atherosclerosis, also decreased in Short-chain fatty acid as a bacteria protect the mice. "Propionate works against a therapeutic option cardiovascular system range of impairments in The results explain why a diet rich Science Daily December 21, 2018 cardiovascular function caused by in fiber, which has been high blood pressure," says MDC recommended by nutrition The fatty acid propionate helps researcher and research group leader organizations for many years, helps defend against the effects of high Professor Dominik N. Müller. "This prevent cardiovascular diseases. blood pressure, including may be a promising treatment Whole-grain products and fruits, for atherosclerosis and heart tissue option, particularly for patients who example, contain cellulose and remodeling, a study on mice has have too little of this fatty acid." inulin fibers, from which gut found. Gut bacteria produce the bacteria produce the beneficial substance -- which calms the Detour via the immune system molecules like propionate, a short- immune cells that drive up blood "Our study made it clear that the chain fatty acid with a backbone of pressure -- from natural dietary substance takes a detour via the just three carbon atoms. fiber. immune system and thus affects the heart and blood vessels," say Dr. "Previously, it had not been clear "You are what you eat," as the Nicola Wilck and Hendrik which fatty acid is behind the proverb goes. But to a large extent our Bartolomaeus from the ECRC, who positive effects and how it works," well-being also depends on what have been working together on the says Wilck. The study opens up new bacterial guests in our digestive tract project for nearly five years. In avenues in the treatment of consume. That's because gut flora particular, T helper cells, which cardiovascular diseases. "It might help the human body to utilize food enhance inflammatory processes make sense to administer and produce essential micronutrients, and contribute to high blood propionate or a chemical precursor including vitamins. pressure, were calmed. directly as a drug" -- for example, when the blood of those affected Beneficial gut microbes can produce This has a direct effect on the contains too little of the substance. metabolites from dietary fiber, functional ability of the heart, for including a fatty acid called example. The research team Propionate still has to prove itself in propionate. This substance protects triggered heart arrhythmia in 70 everyday clinical practice. The against the harmful consequences of percent of the untreated mice research team now hopes to validate high blood pressure. A Berlin research through targeted electrical stimuli. their findings by examining the team from the Experimental and substance's effects on human Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a However, only one-fifth of the subjects. It is already known that joint institution of the Max Delbrück animals treated with the fatty acid propionate is safe for human Center for Molecular Medicine were susceptible to an irregular consumption and can also be (MDC) and Charité -- heartbeat. Further investigations produced economically: The Universitätsmedizin Berlin, shows with ultrasound, tissue sections, and substance has been used for why this is the case. Their study has single-cell analyses showed that centuries as a preservative, for been published in advance online in propionate also reduced blood example. It is already approved as a the journal Circulation. pressure-related damage to the food additive. "With these favorable animals' cardiovascular system, conditions, hopefully propionate The researchers fed propionate to significantly increasing their survival will soon make the leap from the lab mice with elevated blood pressure. rate. to patients who need it," says Wilck. Afterwards, the animals had less

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Why green leafy vegetables New research, however, may pave The researchers also found that the can protect liver health the way for a new treatment. rodents that received the nitrate had Medical News Today 20 December 2018 Scientists at the Karolinska Institutet lower blood pressure and better By Ana Sandoiu in Sweden have just published a insulin sensitivity than those on a study in which they show that high-fat diet without nitrate. New research that features in the inorganic nitrate — a compound journal Proceedings of the National that occurs naturally in green leafy Previous research, the investigators Academy of Sciences (PNAS) vegetables — can reduce the buildup explain, has shown that dietary discovers that a compound present of fat in the liver. nitrate boosts cell metabolism. It has in green leafy vegetables helps also suggested that green leafy prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver Mattias Carlström, an associate vegetables may protect against disease in mice. professor in the Department of metabolic conditions, such as type 2 Physiology and Pharmacology at diabetes. the Karolinska Institutet is one Scientists also know that higher of the senior consumption of fruits and researchers and vegetables has a positive effect on

etl corresponding cardiovascular function. authors of the "We think that these diseases are study. connected by similar mechanisms," k.com/Sv Carlström hypothesizes, "where Inorganic oxidative stress causes compromised

e © iStoc nitrate is key nitric oxide signaling, which has a for liver health detrimental impact on Imag Carlström and cardiometabolic functions." colleagues studied the The researchers explain that the effects of medical community still does not supplementing a know exactly which compounds high-fat, high- make leafy greens so healthful. "No sugar Western one has yet focused on nitrate, diet with dietary which we think is the key," Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease nitrate in mice. continues Carlström. (NAFLD), or liver steatosis, is a condition in which fat builds up in the They divided the mice into three "We now want to conduct clinical liver. Between 30 and 40 percent of groups and fed each of them a studies to investigate the therapeutic adults in the United States are living different diet. The control group value of nitrate supplementation to with NAFLD. received a normal diet, while the reduce the risk of liver steatosis. The high-fat diet group ate the equivalent results could lead to the The condition is one of the most of a Western diet, and the third development of new common causes of chronic liver group received a high-fat diet with pharmacological and nutritional disease in Western countries, and nitrate supplementation. approaches." Mattias Carlström experts associate it with obesity, being overweight, and metabolic risk As expected, the mice in the high-fat More studies are necessary to clarify factors. diet group gained weight and fat which compounds are responsible mass, and they had raised blood for these healthful properties and to Currently, there are no approved sugar levels. However, all of these confirm that nitrate is key for liver treatments for NAFLD, which can markers were significantly lower in and metabolic health. In the progress into more serious conditions, the group that also received nitrate. meantime, the team advises people such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and to consume more green leafy cirrhosis. Healthcare professionals Carlström reports on the findings, vegetables. recommend losing weight, making saying, "When we supplemented Those with the highest healthful food choices, and doing with dietary nitrate to mice fed with concentration of inorganic nitrate more physical activity to reduce fat in a high-fat and sugar Western diet, include "celery, spinach, lettuce, and the liver. we noticed a significantly lower rocket." proportion of fat in the liver."

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“[I]t doesn't take huge amounts to previously reported on the the study to show whether giving an obtain the protective effects we have relationship between magnesium individual extra magnesium would observed — only about 200 grams intake and vitamin D levels in over change their vitamin D levels. per day," says Carlström. 12,000 individuals taking part in the "Unfortunately, however, many National Health and Nutrition To look at the link between people choose not to eat enough Examination Survey (NHANES) magnesium supplementation and vegetables these days," he adds. 2001–2006 study. vitamin D levels in more detail, Dr. Dai and colleagues worked with a Does magnesium hold the Here, Dr. Dai and team found that subset of 180 individuals taking key to vitamin D benefits? individuals with high levels of part in the Personalized Prevention Medical News Today 30 December magnesium intake, whether from of Colorectal Cancer Trial, which 2018 dietary sources or taking enrolled a total of 250 individuals. By Yella Hewings-Martin PhD supplements, were less likely to have low levels of vitamin D. Treatment with a magnesium New research finds that supplement led to an increase in magnesium may hold the key to Importantly, the researchers also vitamin D levels in people who had understanding how vitamin D found a possible association low levels initially, but it reduced levels relate to health and between magnesium intake and a levels of the sunshine vitamin in those with high levels. disease. Image © iStock.com/piotr_malczyk

A recent study investigates This is important the importance of because there is an magnesium in vitamin D association between too deficiency. much vitamin D and Vitamin D, also known as excess calcium in the the sunshine vitamin, has blood (hypercalcemia), enjoyed something of a which can cause serious celebrity status, receiving health complications. praise for a multitude of health benefits. On the other hand, researchers have linked Yet, in the complex web of low levels of vitamin D biological processes that with a variety of govern our health, few symptoms, and Dr. Dai players ever work in is particularly interested in its role in bowel isolation. reduction in mortality, particularly cancer. New evidence shifts the focus onto when they looked at mortality due magnesium, implicating it in to cardiovascular disease and bowel Vitamin D, magnesium, and playing a central role in cancer. determining how much vitamin D bowel cancer The results of recent studies looking our bodies can make. So, how does magnesium affect at the link between vitamin D and vitamin D biology in the body? It is bowel cancer are contradictory. In a study that features in the a cofactor in the synthesis of December issue of The American vitamin D from both exposure to Earlier this year, Medical News Journal of Clinical Nutrition, a sunlight and dietary sources. research team from Vanderbilt Today reported on a study that pooled data from 17 study cohorts University Medical Center in "Magnesium deficiency shuts down and included 5,706 individuals with Nashville, TN concludes that the vitamin D synthesis and bowel cancer and 7,107 control optimal levels of magnesium may metabolism pathway," Dr. Dai participants. play an important role in the explains. vitamin D status of an individual. In this study, the authors found that Digging deeper people with vitamin D levels below The link between magnesium and While the data from the NHANES the national guidelines had a 31 vitamin D study indicated a link between percent increased risk of developing Dr. Qi Dai, a professor of medicine magnesium, vitamin D, and bowel cancer. at Vanderbilt University Medical mortality, the team did not design Center and the lead study author,

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However, last month, a different study Ashwagandha for sports? year increase for ashwagandha in found that study participants who New study results suggest the natural retail channel. This is took vitamin D supplements fared no boosted mainly by the rise of differently from those who took a herb may boost strength adaptogenic consumer products placebo when it came to developing By Adi Menayang 17-Dec-2018 – with general health claims, from NutraIngredients Asia cancer, including bowel cancer. supplements to tonics to functional beverages, according to market Recreationally active men who Could magnesium be the missing research _rm Nielsen . ingested 500 mg of aqueous ingredient? "Vitamin D insufficiency is something ashwagandha extract But according to Dr. Tim that has been recognized as a experienced ‘statistically Ziegenfuss, CEO of The Center for potential health problem on a fairly significant improvements’ in Applied Health Sciences and one of large scale in the [United States]," average squat power and the lead authors of this current explains Martha Shrubsole, Ph.D., a peak bench press power study, these latest results “help research professor of establish an evidence medicine and senior base for study this author. impressive Ayurvedic Shrubole herb in notes that, sports in many nutrition.” cases, The results healthcare were professiona published ls have recently in recommended Image © iStock.com/eskymaks the journal vitamin D Nutrients . supplements to compared to those who took a individuals whose blood tests have Study details placebo. revealed low levels of the sunshine Thirty-eight recreationally active vitamin. men completed the study. The These results came from a 12-week primary outcomes the researchers study conducted by researchers "In addition to vitamin D, however, wanted to explore included changes from Lindenwood University’s magnesium deficiency is an under- in muscle strength, body Exercise and Performance Nutrition recognized issue. Up to 80 percent of composition, muscle endurance, Laboratory, as well as the Center for people do not consume enough power and recovery. Because Applied Health Sciences, a contract magnesium in a day to meet the previous studies on ashwagandha research organization. recommended dietary allowance have linked it to anti-inflammatory, (RDA) based on those national anabolic, and antioxidant effects, The investigated ingredient was estimates." Martha Shrubsole, Ph.D. the researchers hypothesized that Sensoril, a patented, aqueous extract the herb may also benefit physical of the roots and leaves of The data that the team has presented performance and muscle recovery in ashwagandha (Withania somnifera ) certainly imply that getting the right a sports context. manufactured and distributed by amount of magnesium is important to Natreon, the study’s funder. allow the body to regulate vitamin D Participants first were matched Ashwagandha, also known as levels. More studies are necessary to based on training experience and Indian ginseng, has been used in the determine exactly how this affects baseline body weight before South Asian botanical medical bowel cancer and other conditions. researchers divided them into two tradition Ayurveda for centuries. groups—19 were assigned capsules To ensure that you are getting enough containing 500 mg of ashwagandha In the US market, ashwagandha has magnesium in your diet, the National extract, while another 19 enjoyed an upward sales trajectory. Institutes of Health (NIH) participants were assigned capsules Sales data compiled by recommend green leafy vegetables, containing rice flour. Both capsules HerbalGram, which compiles sales legumes, whole grains, seeds, and were similar in size, color, and analysis of botanical products nuts as good sources. smell. annually, revealed a 25% year-over-

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Throughout the study period, of reproductive age, and obesity between 2000 and 2015 participants were instructed to take childhood malnutrition are the grew in all seven countries, the one capsule in the morning with 12 among the most pressing health increase was particularly steep in fluid ounces of cold tap water. issues in Asia, according to the China, Malaysia and Thailand. Participants visited a clinic four times Global Nutrition Report 2018. Within that period, the incidence of during the period, in which they went obesity among male children and through several exercise protocols, Countries in East, South East and teenagers aged five to 19 increased such as bench presses and squats. South Asia are facing all these issues by 12.9% in China, 10% in Researchers measured how many sets to varying degrees, with obesity and Malaysia, and 10.5% in Thailand. a participant could complete and for diabetes major problems in China, This meant that of this how long, as well as their power Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, the demographic in 2015, 15.4% in output using specialized equipment. Philippines, Thailand and India. All China and Malaysia and 14.2% in Body measurements and blood the aforementioned countries are Thailand were obese — the highest analysis were also collected struggling with anaemia in women percentages among all seven throughout the study. of reproductive age, and childhood countries. malnutrition is especially prevalent “Ashwagandha extract from the in Indonesia, Malaysia, the While the figures for female planst and leaves (Sensoril), in Philippines and India. The annual children and teenagers in these three combination with a progressive, heavy report was published for the _rst countries were markedly lower resistancetraining program, resulted time in 2014 by Nutrition for those for males, they were still the in singini_cant improvements in Growth (N4G), a partnership highest among the seven countries: maximal lower-body and upper-body between the Japanese, UK and 7.1% in China, 10.4% in Malaysia, strength,” the researchers wrote. Brazilian governments that is and 8.7% in Thailand. In adults Researchers also observed that supported by civil society aged 20 and above, the obesity rates participants who ingested the placebo organisations and philanthropic rose by 8.6% to 13% among men reported more muscle soreness foundations. At the first N4G and 9.1% to 17.9% among women posttraining than the ashwagandha summit in 2013, a Global N4G in Malaysia, and 7.6% to 12.7% group. Compact was endorsed by 100 among women in Thailand. Once stakeholders — including again, these were the highest obesity Future studies governments, aid donors, civil rates among all seven countries. Potential limitations of the study society, the UN and businesses — When it came to diabetes, men in included the fact that workouts were who pledged over $4bn for nutrition- China experienced the highest not strictly supervides by study specific projects, and $19bn for increase of 4% to 9.9% between personnel, and that the participants’ nutrition-sensitive projects. The 2000 and 2015. This rate of diabetes diets were not closely controlled. report was created to track these was second only to that in Malaysia, “The subjects’ total energy and commitments, as well as to provide where 11.4% of men were reported protein intakes may have undermined comprehensive updates on the state as diabetic in 2015. Among the their ability to attain more of global nutrition. seven countries, only Japanese pronounced changes in muscle mass,” women saw a decline in diabetes the authors wrote. “Future studies Higher incomes, larger waistlines rates, from 5.6% to 5% within the should attempt to more thoroughly All the countries experienced a rise same period. control diet, and then include in GDP per capita between 2014 measurements of appetite.” and 2017, a factor that typically You are what you eat correlates with higher obesity rates. The limited availability of nutritious Asian ailments: New report While the incidence of diabetes and foods was one of the reasons for highlights steep higher diabetes and Image © iStock.com/ obesity rates rise in obesity Deepak Sethi highlighted in the and diabetes report. In India across the and China, for region instance, less than By Cheryl Tay 25% of packaged 04-Dec-2018 – foods carry a NutraIngredients Asia Health Star Rating of 3.5 or more, Obesity, diabetes, signicfiantly lower anaemia in women than the

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37% in Australia and New Zealand. the former and 16.3% in the latter. focus on rural populations, The report stated: "The results especially infants and children, suggest a disparity between In China, the incidence of stunting another goal is to reduce the developed and emerging markets. among children under five fell from difference in height between urban On average across all nine markets 17.8% to 8.1% between 2000 and and rural students." (including the UK, US, Hong 2015. In Thailand, this figure Kong, South Africa and Mexico), dropped from 15.7% to 10.5%. The plan includes a healthy lifestyle 31% of products have a Health Star campaign, nutrition monitoring, Rating of 3.5 or more, meaning Indonesia, the Philippines and recommended dietary intakes and 69% of products did not meet the India had the highest rates of limits, nutrition labelling, and healthy threshold and are thus of under-five mortality per 1,000 live fortified food standards. China has relatively low nutritional quality." births. 2017 data from the UN also taken a multi-sectoral Inter-agency Group for Child approach, leading to changes in In Indonesia and Malaysia, the Mortality Estimation 2018 showed supply-side policy. rapidly rising volume of sugar that there were 25.4 deaths per consumption has been contributing 1,000 live births in Indonesia, 28.1 The authors wrote: "The Food and to complications with diabetes and in the Philippines, and 39.4 in Nutrition Development Outline obesity. India. 2014 — 2020 emphasises food quantity and quality equally, as well Women and children However, as in the case of stunting as innovation and the coordination The incidence of anaemia in in children under five, these figures of production and consumption. women of reproductive age was represented gradual declines since worryingly high across all seven 2014. Once again, Malaysia was the Meanwhile, agricultural policies are countries, ranging from 14.9% in exception, with its rate of under- evolving — albeit slowly — to the Philippines to 51.5% in India. five mortality per 1,000 live births promote the evaluation of Pregnant women were the most having seen a slow but steady agricultural products’ quality and severely affected, with the lowest increase since 2014, from 7.5 to 7.9. nutrition, as well as research on the incidence of anaemia in the impact of food processing, storage Philippines at 30.3%, and the Policy to prevent and protect and transportation of nutrients." highest in India at 50.1%. The improvements in childhood malnutrition in China could be In India, the government has Malnutrition in children under five partially attributed to government developed a national nutrition remained prevalent issues in action to fight the problem. Healthy strategy that draws on "district- Indonesia, Malaysia, the China 2030, which was started in specific nutrition profiles to enable Philippines and especially India, 2016, is the first national medium- diagnostic work and policy action which is home to the world's largest to long-term strategic health plan, to reduce inequalities and population of malnourished and "underlines the significant childhood stunting". children (46.6 million stunted and political will to enhance the health 25.5 million wasted). status of Chinese citizens". The national government also works closely with state In 2013, 13.5% of children below This was followed in 2017 by a new governments to implement this five in Indonesia, 11.5% in National Nutrition Plan to 2030 strategy, and the FSSAI's Malaysia, 7.1% in the Philippines that targets stunting, obesity, continuous push for mandatory and 20.8% in India were considered anaemia, breastfeeding, and folic forti_cation of staples and essentials wasted. In 2015, 36.4% in acid deficiency among more such as rice, wheat, salt, milk and Indonesia, 20.7% in Malaysia, vulnerable demographics. edible oils plays a major role in 33.4% in the Philippines and 37.9% efforts to lower the incidence of in India were considered stunted. The authors further stated: "The malnutrition in the country. plan reinforces existing nutrition With the exception of Malaysia, programmes benefitting infants, In Malaysia, the government has however, these figures represented children, primary and middle embarked on public-private declines in the incidence of stunting school students, and pregnant partnerships with tech companies to in these countries between 2000 and women. It also proposes new develop apps designed to motivate 2015. Indonesia and India had interventions for people who are the user to exercise, and facilitate shown the most improvement, with older, ill or living in poor areas. better access to professionals such percentages of stunted children as personal trainers, nutritionists below five having dropped by 6% in "Given the historically unbalanced and healthcare workers.

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The extension repetitions (6.58 to 9.15 researchers versus 2.05 to 3.27). then reported Furthermore, inter-group analyses that the showed that the men in the mice that treatment group had experienced a had each significant increase in circumference received in their arms, as well as in their lean Image © iStock.com/Nastco 300mg/kg mass, when compared to the of GMCT placebo group. However, GMCT Botanical blend may have showed significant improvement in did not significantly improve free swimming times (6.6 to 7.95 testosterone, IGF-1, insulin or positive effects on minutes versus 4.5 to 5.5 minutes in lactate levels, compared to placebo. endurance and muscle in the CMC group) and distance young men: Indian study (341.22m to 407m versus 260.84m More information needed By Cheryl Tay to 310m in the CMC group). Their The researchers said the human 13-Dec-2018 – NutraIngredients Asia grip strength was also superior to study lacked quantitative that of the CMC group, ranging information regarding the A botanical formulation featuring from 43.92N to 50.89N, compared participants’ food intake during the extracts from two popular Asian to the latter’s 35N to 41.92N. intervention period. The herbs may help to increase participants were also instructed not muscle strength and size, as well Human resistance to alter their regular food habits, as as endurance and total lean mass, For the human trial, the researchers the aim was to assess the ergogenic say researchers in India. recruited 38 resistance-trained impact of the herbal formulation young men whose mean age was when combined with a resistance The proprietary composition, GMCT, between 26.32 and 30.71 years. training protocol in the subjects, contains the extracts Garcinia Their mean body weight was without the need for dietary mangostana (GM) fruit rind and between 67.79kg and 80.63kg, and changes. Cinnamomum tamala (CT) leaf. The mean BMI between 22.92 and study, published in the Journal of the 26.46. However, even though they claimed International Society of Sports to have followed the instructions, Nutrition , was conducted to Half the participants each received the lack of information on daily systematically evaluate the impact of 800mg of GMCT daily, with the caloric or protein intake limited the GMCT on physical performance and other half receiving an equal evaluation to whether these factors muscle strength in a mouse model. amount of placebo for 42 days. did in fact influence the effects of This was followed by a 42-day They also had primary variables GMCT supplementation. As such, double-blind, placebo-controlled such as their one-rep maximum (1- the researchers recommended a human trial in resistance-trained adult RM) bench press, leg press, and leg dietary analysis of the participants’ men. extension repetitions measured at calorie and protein consumption in baseline and on the 14 , 28 and 42 future studies. Mighty mice days of the intervention period. For the mouse study, the researchers At the same time, some data for used 24 Swiss albino mice, divided Before and after the intervention analysis that had been lost due to into four groups: all were placed on a period, their anthropometric certain subjects being unable to standard laboratory diet, with one parameters and serum markers, attend the DEXA scan, or technical group given Carboxymethylcellulose including free testosterone, insulin- issues in collecting serum samples sodium (CMC) and another given like growth factor (IGF-1), insulin for testosterone analysis. These Oxymetholone (OXY). In the third and lactate, were also measured. issues correlated with a substantial group, each mouse received After 42 days, per protocol analyses effect from GMCT 150mg/kg of GMCT, and in the third found that mean changes from supplementation, in comparison group, each was given 300mg/kg of baseline in the treatment group with placebo. They wrote: “We GMCT. The treatment period lasted differed significantly from those in firmly believe that the comparative 21 days, after which the mice’s the placebo group, including the 1- analyses would have been better if physical performance was tested in a RM bench press (23.47kg to 33.54kg we could have included the data forced swimming test and muscle versus 3.42kg to 5.48kg), leg press that we lost. Future studies in a strength in a forelimb grip strength (29.32kg to 44.49kg versus 5.21kg to larger sample size with better experiment. 6.93kg), and number of leg measure can address these issues.”

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They then concluded: now 65 or older. Many of these microbiome features related to this Conclusion: “The present clinical elderly Japanese live alone, and the condition. trial demonstrates that GMCT number of younger workers supplementation in combination available to support them is The review also noted that as much with resistance training is effective shrinking. The country’s population as 90% of serotonin was produced in promoting muscle strength and fell by more than 1 million in the in the gut , and exogenous growth, and in improving 2010-2015 time frame to about 127 serotonin has been shown in a endurance performance in million. With a low birth rate, some mouse model to reduced deposition resistance-trained young males. reports have predicted that Japan’s in the brain of the amyloid plaque s “This study also indicates that the population may fall below the 100 associated with the disease. As gut- participants tolerated well the million mark in coming decades. produced serotonin has yet to be GMCT supplementation, and have shown to cross the blood-brain substantial benefits in improving So finding cost effective ways to barrier, Shimizu noted that, “Thus, lean body mass in conjunction with support this population is of critical the actual role of gut-derived a resistance training programme. national importance. In the recent serotonin in brain function remains review, published in the World unclear.” But he said that studies “Future studies should be Journal of Gastroenterology , have shown that a reduced gut conducted to explore the underlying researcher Yukihiro Shimizu microbial diversity seems associated molecular mechanisms responsible summarized the microbiome with the disease. for the anabolic activities of aspects of the afflictions of aging. GMCT. Further, it would be Probiotics, prebiotics specifically interesting to evaluate whether Shimizu looked at the microbiome cited in osteoporosis GMCT supplementation can research related to Alzheimer’s For osteoporosis, the review noted improve muscle functions and Disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia that most of the microbiome data physical performances in ageing and atherosclerotic cardiovascular comes from mouse models. A males and untrained young men as disease and stroke. (Obesity, which recent study found that gut well.” is a plague elsewhere in the microbes can “increase serum concentrations of

Data supports increased to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which role for probiotics, toicur promotes bone prebiotics in healthy formation and aging, study finds k.com/cur remodeling.” The review By Hank Schultz found a specific role for 28-Nov-2018 – NutraIngredients Asia probiotics here, noting e © iStoc that, “Probiotics such as Gut dysbiosis is a common Imag Lactobacillus strains feature of the afflictions that have been shown to come with aging, according a increase bone mass recent Japanese review. The along with changes in finding opens wider the door gut microbiota.” for probiotics and prebiotics in a healthy aging positioning. Shimizu also noted that prebiotics have been Dealing with the implications of developed world, is not yet a shown by several studies aging populations is a worldwide serious concern for the elderly to increase calcium absorption. issue. China, Japan, the United populations in Japan.) Taken together, he said recent States and many European research shows that, countries are facing demographic Finding a gut link for Alzheimer’s “Supplementation with probiotics bulges that will see an increasing The review found a wealth of or prebiotics may be a share of gross domestic product information on dysbiosis connected potentialtherapeutic intervention going to care for these populations. to all of these conditions. A recent for the prevention or treatment of study on Japanese Alzheimer’s osteoporosis in humans. However, Critical problem of aging Disease patients isolated four there is limited evidence showing The issue is especially acute in bacterial strains common to all, that prebiotics are effective in Japan, where a recent census found information with Shimizu said may patients with postmenopausal or that almost 27% of Japanese are shed light on the unique gut senile osteoporosis.”

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Sarcopenia, CVD evidence and severe chronic kidney disease), adjustments, that higher levels of For sarcopenia, the review found that cognitive and physical dysfunction, long-chain omega-3 PUFAs were the evidence is less clear cut. But it or death from other causes not part linked to an 18% lower risk of did find studies that link probiotics of the healthy ageing outcome after unhealthy ageing. In addition, the with preventing muscle loss in mice age 65" . The researchers sought to group with the highest cumulative with leukemia, and cited a study investigate the longitudinal mean concentrations of EPA from linking prebiotics with improved association between serial seafood had a 24% lower risk of muscle function in humans as biomarker measures of circulating unhealthy ageing than the group measured by grip strength. omega-3 PUFAs and healthy ageing, with the lowest concentrations. and recruited participants from four For heart disease, the review cited communities in the US between Individually, higher EPA and DPA studies linking the gut microbiome 1992 and 2015. — but not DHA — levels were with playing both a positive and associated with a respective 15% negative role. Some aspects of gut Fatty acid follow-up and 16% lower risk of unhealthy dysbiosis have been linked with The nal cohort had 2,622 adults ageing. When it came to the increase levels of trimethylamine- with a mean age of 74 years and predominantly endogenously Noxides in the liver, which is who were in generally good health metabolised DPA, the three groups associated with arterial plaque at baseline, and the researchers with the highest level of the fatty formation. But other gut microbial followed up on them for the 22 acid had an 18% to 21% reduction species have been associated with years. Their plasma phospholipid in risk when compared to the group improved lipid metabolism and omega-3 PUFA levels were with the lowest level. DHA from reduced cholesterol levels. measured at baseline, six and 13 seafood and ALA from plants, years to provide an objective however, were not found to be “Although, adequate exercise and a assessment of four individual linked to healthy ageing. proper diet are important for the PUFAs: two mainly derived from prevention of these diseases, the seafood (EPA and DHA), one In terms of cardiovascular disease combination of these lifestyle predominantly endogenous (DPA), risk, the study's results were interventions with methods that and one derived mainly from plants supported by previously published manipulate the composition and/or literature, but the effects of omega-3 (α-linolenic acid, or ALA). diversity of gut microbiota may be a PUFAs on the other components of promising strategy for maintenance unhealthy ageing as defined by the of healthy conditions with preserved The researchers also reviewed the current study had been mixed or activities of daily living,” the review participants' medical records and inconclusive in earlier research. concluded. diagnostic tests, and subsequently reported that 89% of the The researchers hypothesised that participants experienced unhealthy self-reported dietary data might Further study needed on ageing during the follow-up period, seafood-derived omega-3's have been partially responsible for while the remaining 11% remained this, as such data may be subject to healthy ageing potential: relatively healthy. measurement errors and recall bias. Cohort study To ensure clearer, more accurate By Cheryl Tay 19-Dec-2018 – They also found, after multivariable results, the current study NutraIngredients Asia combined reported dietary Image © iStock.com/Toa55 data with repeated Omega-3 polyunsaturated biomarker measurements fatty acids (PUFAs) from to account for trends over seafood — particularly EPA time in individual omega-3 and DPA (eicosapentaenoic PUFAs. acid and docosapentaenoic acid) — can support healthy Considerations before ageing, according to a interpretation prospective cohort study. The researchers also stated that there were a few The study, published in BMJ , points worth considering defined 'healthy ageing' as when interpreting the "survival without chronic study's results. Firstly, diseases (i.e., cardiovascular biomarker concentrations disease, cancer, lung disease, are a function

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of both dietary intake and PUFAs, a factor that could have products are recommended for metabolism, influenced by genetic contributed to the lack of a improving concentration and and exogenous factors that are significant association between relaxation, according to Elixinol’s difficult to separate. Despite the plant-derived ALA and healthy website. To find out the link lack of a significant association ageing. The researchers concluded: between hemp and cognitive between healthy ageing and DHA "In older adults, a higher function, NutraIngredients-Asia from seafood, they had observed cumulative level of serially spoke to Paul Benhaim, the founder that after adjusting for the measured circulating omega-3 and CEO of Australian consumption of fish, the link PUFAs from seafood (EPA and headquartered firm Elixinol. between became noticeable. This DPA), but not DHA from seafood implies that metabolically or ALA from plants, was associated “It works on the CBD system determined levels of DHA play a with a higher likelihood of healthy which is throughout our bodies and larger role in healthy ageing than ageing. in our brains. Since our brains have DHA levels CBD receptors, this suggests that determined by diet. “These findings support guidelines we used to consume hemp plant in for increased dietary consumption the wild,” Benhaim said. “(But) in The researchers added that of omega-3 PUFAs in older adults. the modern culture, we have primarily endogenously derived (However) e pidemiological forgotten about this, that’s why DPA acted as a metabolic associations cannot infer causality, these products are coming back to intermediary between EPA and so we caution against using these play a role in brain health, DHA, and that further investigation findings to inform public health including epilepsy, autism, and into the independent and combined policy or nutritional guidelines. neuropathic brain disorders. There impact of DPA with other omega-3 Following the WHO’s policy are already existing studies that PUFAs in controlled feeding framework for healthy ageing, any suggest that CBD interacts with 5- conditions were needed for their evidence-based clues to improve HT1A receptors to produce specific roles in healthy ageing to be health in later life are welcome, but anxiolytic effects and its potential as better understood. additional efforts to accelerate this a type of anxiolytic drug .” area of research are essential." The second consideration was that Currently, the firm is not making the link between EPA and healthy Hemp’s cognitive help: specific health claims, but is selling ageing, and between combined Elixinol’s supplements hemp oil for general health. “We EPA, DPA and DHA and healthy are not making any health claims ageing, were significant only in the finding favour amongst now. But we are making group with the highest levels of Japanese consumers scientifically-backed nutraceutical these omega-3 PUFA. By Tingmin Koe products and that sometimes 06-Dec-2018 – NutraIngredients Asia require clinical studies and trials As the study cohort was born in the which may lead to health claims or 1910s and 1920s, they tended to Hemp oil supplements are the development of medicines in enjoy long-term improvements in gaining higher acceptance in the future. As a company, we have population-level socioeconomic Japan, with manufacturer derived anecdotal evidence (of resources, which could have i Elixinol ramping up its CBD’s effects on cognitive health) uenced their longevity and health investment in the country on from our consumers. Some have across their lifespan. Since the back of more favourable told us that they use CBD for education attainment was one of advertising rules. epilepsy and neuropathic pain the strongest covariates in the study, disorders.” the researchers said there was a Hemp oil, which contains possibility of differential exposures cannabidiol Image © iStock.com/marekuliasz to unmeasured socioeconomic (CBD), is the resource-related chronic and acute main product stressors that could have affected that Elixinol the results. sells in Japan, along with Lastly, the median circulating chocolate bars concentrations of ALA across the containing cohort made up a mere 0.09% to CBD and oil 0.21% of total fatty acids, far lower essence. The than the concentrations of the other hemp oil

PFNDAI Feb 2019 35 Research in Health & Nutrition Image © iStock.com/ katerinasergeevna In APAC, the firm has found the Probiotics present 'new healthy individuals, all from rural biggest success in Japan. Asked why way' to fight Staph areas in Thailand so they could rule hemp was widely accepted, he out the food sterilisation and explained that hemp seeds, together infections: US, Thai antibiotic usage common in most with sesame seeds, was part of a local researchers urban areas, which could potentially spice consumed by the locals, and has By Cheryl Tay reduce the abundance of probiotic enjoyed a long history in the country. 19-Dec-2018 – NutraIngredients Asia bacteria in the participants’ food “In Asia, Japan is certainly the and intestinal tracts. leading country today. It has been a A certain strain of probiotic long progress. We have been working Bacillus bacteria can help They then collected faecal samples with the Japanese people and eliminate the harmful bacteria from all the participants for government for nearly five years. The Staphylococcus aureus, analysis, and reported that 101 First Lady (Akie Abe) is also according to a joint population samples tested positive for Bacillus supportive and a lot of people are study by US and Thai — primarily B. subtilis , At the same opening up. For example, Rakuten researchers. time, 12.5% of them were carrying and Yahoo are selling these S. aureus in their intestines. kind of products. The Interestingly, the presence of support is also coming Bacillus bacteria was when people recognise that correlated with the absence of the products we sell do not S. aureus in the faecal samples. get people high and that The researchers added, they are not a drug.” however, that the results showed "no substantial high- Progress in Japan order taxonomic differences in With further success in the microbiome composition sight, the firm recently between S. aureus carriers and injected a AUD$3m non-carriers" , leading them to investment to scale up its hypothesise that the Bacillus sales and marketing in Image © iStock.com/metamorworks isolates produced a substance Japan. “There is an that "directly and speci_cally" increased acceptance this year, and impeded intestinal colonisation by Live probiotic bacteria ingested that’s why we are confident that year S. aureus. through food intake are thought to 2019 is a year of success in Japan,” be able to minimise intestinal Benhaim said. Mediation in the mouse colonisation by pathogens, thereby microbiome lowering the body’s susceptibility to Earlier in May, the Japanese The researchers then conducted a infection. One such bacteria is B. authorities have approved outdoor mouse study with similar primary subtilis , which is often found in advertisement for hemp-derived CBD outcomes, and discovered that in vegetables and probiotic digestive for the first time – a mark of progress order for S. aureus to successfully supplements. It is said to be effective of Japan’s hemp industry. As a result, grow in the mice's guts, a against S. aureus , a type of bacteria Elixinol was able to advertise its functioning sensing system was that can cause severe antibiotic- hemp oil products – in Tokyo’s required. They found that all the resistant infections. Despite this, the Omotesando train station. Besides 100-plus Bacillus isolates they had underlying mechanisms behind its Elixinol, Canadian-based Phivida , retained from the faecal samples effects against S. aureus are still and Naturally Splendid are some of obtained in the human study unclear. the players in Japan's hemp market. effectively inhibited that system. Colonisation and exclusion R&D efforts Discoveries to aid in Based on this, researchers from the Elixinol is exploring the interaction decolonisation? National Institutes of Health in the between CBD and other plant-based The researchers stated that the US, as well as Thailand's Mahidol ingredients as part of its R&D efforts. current study provided evidence for University and Rajamangala “A clear calendar” for new products a molecular mechanism through University of Technology, has been set, Benhaim said. As for his which probiotic bacteria in food conducted a study on a rural Thai hemp food business, Benhaim said could directly inhibit pathogenic population to assess the effects of B. that Hemp Food Australia will be colonisation, proving in particular subtilis against S. aureus launching a new product in this the probiotic value of B. subtilis. colonisation. They recruited 200 month.

36 PFNDAI Feb 2019 Research in Health & Nutrition

In conclusion, they wrote: "Our athletic performance in high demonstrated reduced plasma and study suggests several valuable altitudes. To do this, they reviewed tissue glutamine concentrations translational applications regarding peer-reviewed studies published during and after intense and alternative strategies to combat between 1985 and 2018. Their prolonged exercise. antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. paper was published in the journal Nutrition. “In one of the few studies on the “First, the quorum-quenching importance of glutamine to the fengycins — which previously had They approached the effects of immune system in hypoxia, elite been known only for their high-altitude hypoxia (or a runners were exposed to an altitude antifungal activity — could deficiency of oxygen reaching the of 1640 m for 4 weeks and a potentially be used as quorum- body’s tissues) from the point of considerable elevation was observed sensing blockers in eagerly sought view of exercise immunology. in the incidence of upper antivirulence-based efforts to treat “High altitudes are a challenge for respiratory tract infections (URTIs), staphylococcal infections. human physiology and for sports accompanied by a reduction in enthusiasts,” they wrote. “Several plasma glutamine,” they wrote, "Second, Bacillus-containing reasons lead to deterioration in citing a 2000 article by British probiotics could be used for simple performance at high altitudes. researchers. and safe S. aureus decolonisation Hypoxia owing to high altitude strategies. In that regard, it is causes a breakdown of homeostasis They’ve also observed particularly noteworthy that our with imbalance in several improvements of the immune human data indicate that probiotic physiological systems, including the system when athletes in high Bacillus can comprehensively immune system.” altitudes were supplemented with eradicate intestinal as well as nasal carbohydrates, attributing it to S. aureus colonisation. It’s a relevant issue for countries in improved mucosal immunity and Latin America, where the Andes increasing salivary flow after “Such a probiotic approach would mountain range, the world’s longest exercise. have numerous advantages over the continental mountain range, present standard topical strategy stretches through seven countries. “Supplementation with glutamine involving antibiotics, which is “In South America, for example, and carbohydrates, which are aimed exclusively at decolonising each year ∼4000 people visit the important strategies at sea level, the nose. "Our findings suggest a Aconcagua Provincial Park in the could be a useful tool to mitigate probiotic-based method for S. Argentine Andes, where the the effects of hypoxia,” they wrote. aureus decolonisation, and new maximum altitude can reach 6960 But in sum, studies on this ways to fight S. aureus infections." m,” the researchers said. particular issue remain scarce.

Sports in high altitudes? Nutritional interventions: “More studies are needed to Brazilian researchers Carbohydrates and glutamine understand the role of sports nutrition and immunonutrition suggest supplementing The researchers have studied the effects of glutamine from a broader perspective, in with glutamine, supplementation in the past, hence relation to different sports carbohydrates their current search focused on the modalities, times of exposure to By Adi Menayang 11-Dec-2018 – body of evidence supporting hypoxia, intensity of hypoxia, and NutraIngredients Asia glutamine’s benefit for hypoxia. level of physical conditioning.” Numerous studies have Supplementation with carbohydrates and glutamine Image © iStock.com/GibsonPictures may mitigate the negative effects of playing sports or doing other rigorous activities in high altitudes, suggest Brazilian researchers.

Two researchers from the Federal University of Sao Paulo in Brazil sought to find out the latest consensus regarding possible nutritional measures to optimize

PFNDAI Feb 2019 37 FOOD SCIENCE INDUSTRY news& k.com/sorendls e © iStoc Imag Expert analysis: Meat and sufficient resources and the ability population is some five times that to export foods. This global strategy of Indonesia per capita GDP is seafood consumption in to achieve food security predicted to increase at a faster pace Asia will rise 78% by 2050 acknowledges the significant (over the forecast period). By Pearly Neo 03-Dec-2018 – Food increase in protein consumption Navigator Asia with population growth and “In our projections, Indonesia’s affluence.” total meat and seafood supply will Asia’s appetite for meat and grow by nearly three times between seafood protein will rise by an Additionally, the report revealed 2018 and 2050 — a much faster astounding 78% by 2050, driven that by 2050, China’s total pace than the 60% expected for by growing wealth and contribution to the Asian region India over the same period,” said urbanisation in the region. will drop to 50%, as compared to its the authors. “This faster pace will current 70%. “Other emerging and result in Indonesia’s meat According to by Asia Research and frontier markets will be the main consumption overtaking India’s by Engagement’s (ARE) report contributors to additional meat and 2036 at around 7.5 million tonnes.” ‘Charting Asia’s Protein Journey’ , fish demand,” stated the authors. meat and seafood consumption in “Pakistan, Philippines, Vietnam and The report speculates that this is Asia will rise 33% by 2030, and Thailand are the four most due to a ‘cultural aversion towards 78% from 2017 to 2050. “This will populated countries and set to lead meat consumption’ in India, and take place on the back of higher demand growth for Rest of Asia higher income levels in Indonesia. urbanisation rates, [economic (this excludes China, Bangladesh, In addition, poultry has emerged as growth, rising incomes] and Indonesia, South Korea, India, the most preferred protein type in growing wealth in emerging Asian Japan), making up over 70% of this Bangladesh, India and Indonesia, countries,” said the report authors. group. In particular, we expect whereas East Asian countries still Pakistan’s relative weight in the show a clear preference for pork. “Asia’s rapidly growing middle class group to increase to approximately is fuelling an increase in protein 36% by 2050 from 30% at present.” “East Asia typically favours pork consumption,” added Robert over other types of meat, Appleby, Founder and Partner, Other protein consumption trends accounting for about 63% of total ADM Capital. “An interesting in Asia meat consumption (excluding fish) landscape has developed as That said, protein consumption in China and 52% in Korea — countries without adequate trends in Asia are not necessarily respectively about three and two resources to feed their populations driven by population growth or size. times the amount of the second have turned their attention to This is evidenced by the report’s meat type consumed,” said the domestic food security, via cross- findings that Indonesia’s report. “Japan’s meat preferences border purchases of agribusiness consumption will overtake India’s are more balanced, with pork companies in countries with within the next 20 years. India’s consumption representing 42% of

38 PFNDAI Feb 2019 Food Science & Industry News

the total (excluding fish), followed strands of the food and drink conceived under the notion of by poultry at 39%.” industry with technologies that are centralisation and their products are transforming the way consumers aimed at large-scale distribution – That said, a marked evolution in select, purchase and, ultimately, eat this is the first aspect that will Japan’s protein tastes was also and drink. change,” predicts Robles. “What highlighted in the report. Fish, would happen if we started to have traditionally one of Japan’s largest Robles’ latest forecast is that food food products created exclusively protein consumption sources via and drink manufacturing in the for digital distribution, without local products such as sushi and future will be driven by what he passing through a supermarket?” sashimi, is on a downturn. terms the Food Paradox – a permanent coexistence between the Secondly, personalisation will have “Fish consumption [in Japan] has natural and the artificial. And for an effect, he says. “How prepared steadily declined from nearly 70% manufacturers, it’s all about are food manufacturers to create of total animal protein embracing the correct technology at personalised products for their consumption (including animal- the right time to maximise the clients? I recently talked to some derived products such as dairy and benefit, both for them and the world leaders in the baking, eggs) in the early 1960s to about consumer. snacking and confectionery sectors 38% in 2014,” it said. “At this pace and they reported having three of change, meat protein will match “Technology is going to render main challenges on their plate: fish protein consumption by the end many companies obsolete – mainly aligning their products with current of the decade.” those without a capacity for health trends; working on new accelerated transformation and packaging models; and increasing Taiwan and Mongolia have also which have grown with innovative the personalisation of some seen declines in meat and seafood short-sightedness,” he says. “But products. consumption. The authors surmised those businesses that have openly that this is due to health embraced technology and have “They asked how they could consciousness in the former, and been founded as practically digital possibly align more than 150 urban migration leading to wider rather than analogue enterprises, factories with personalisation food opportunities in the latter. will be able to move much faster. trends. Therein lies the challenge.” We are talking about collaborative The future of food: the robots [cobots], artificial Having a process model that intelligence [AI], big data etc.” facilitates fast-prototyping is yet age of the bots another problem. “I still meet By Ellie Woollven 18-Dec-2018 – Food Macro trends forecast manufacturers that take an average Manufacture Robles’ previous consumer and of two to three years between macro trends forecast makes it clear conceiving a product and market Marius Robles, chief executive that the way food is manufactured launch. That is absurd, especially and founder of Reimagine Food, will also be affected. He predicts the when we consider that accelerated forecasts how the consumer and first to undergo this change will be and agile food start-ups are taking macro trends of the next 10 years the primary sector, through the use market share from big brands. will affect food manufacturing. of harvesting robots. “Most of Large food manufacturers are losing today’s food factories were the growth game.” For society at large, the future is arriving faster than they think, Image © iStock.com/JIRAROJ PRADITCHAROENKUL suggests Marius Robles. As such, any complacency from a food manufacturer is suicidal, regardless of whether or not the business has a market-leading position. It’s typically bold thinking from the man who claims to have set up the world’s “first disruptive centre committed to the future of food” .

As chief executive and co-founder of Reimagine Food, Robles connects the more innovative

PFNDAI Feb 2019 39 Food Science & Industry News

While Robles does not advocate become a leader in “food technological leap? that established manufacturers robolution”, he says, adding, move on to a start-up model “There will be a need to accelerate Robles has identified more than 20 overnight, he believes, in some some industries and make them issues that will determine how our cases, they should try to think more smarter.” relationship with food will be like start-ups. “I recently visited two transformed through robots. These firms in San Francisco: Just and Robot development include food mobility, cobots, Impossible Foods,” he says. “Both Robles believes the progress in robot chefbots, wearable robots, robot- are still technically labelled as start- development that could driving-cooking, warehouse robots, ups, but their positioning and revolutionise the agricultural sector flying robots and barista robots. The figures say otherwise. I think they’ll in particular is huge, he says. “A future, it seems, is all bot. soon be market leaders.” recent study by Anderson Midlands found the UK employs around PBFA members to FDA: Slow blockchain growth 10,300 seasonal workers every year As far as existing technologies go, to manage 300,000t of fruit Banning use of dairy terms Robles says blockchain’s growth so harvests, worth £180m. on plantbased foods is a far is slow, with the main interest coming from tech companies rather In the US, harvesting fruit and ‘solution in search of a than food manufacturers. “But vegetables requires a similar problem’ consumers hold the key,” he says. workforce. “However, market By Elaine Watson 03-Jan-2019 – Food “Although the first applications research from Alpha Brown valued Navigator USA have focused on controlling food the US harvesting robot market at safety, $5.5bn. This figure is based on the Enacting new labeling rules for during the coming decade food capacity of robots to offset the plant-based ‘milks’ “would create markets (just like _nancial) will current cost of labour and will be unnecessary, confusing, and probably be governed by automatic the factor that eventually costly label changes that likely transactions, from the negotiation determines the level of deployment violate the First Amendment and of large-scale deals between of such technologies in the market.” would be struck down in court,” suppliers to the automation of members of the Plant Based home delivery.” Since 2013, he argues, there has Foods Association (PBFA) have been a “maturity curve” in the told the FDA as it solicits In imagining the factory of the application of robotics in the food comments on labeling future, Robles believes deploying AI sector, where they have passed the conventions. in large-scale food manufacture will point of serving as entertainment be one of the main challenges. and are now generally a guarantee Writing in response to a request for of productivity. That said, and information on the use of dairy- “This includes nanotechnology, considering the fact that the cost of derived terms in plant-based Internet of Things sensors for robotic technology has dropped by products, Doug Radi, CEO of flax- supply chain management, over 40% in five years, Robles fueled brand Good Karma and predictive machine analytics, believes “we will have to wait for a PBFA board member, said the wearable robots, cameras using second wave of change in robotics “entire debate over the use of the machine-learning to categorise applied to food”. term milk and other dairy terms on boxes in warehouses, scanning for plant-based foods and beverages is a quality and assurance defects, and Combining robotics and AI could solution in search of a problem .” cobots ,” he says. “I also believe produce a new level of robotisation, technology will provide us with Robles claims.

high-quality predictive analysis, Until now, we a

enabling factories to detect any have sought to uly elements blocking productivity and create robots that predict bottlenecks.” replicated

repetitive tasks – k.com/Aam He feels Brexit, meanwhile, could hence the term be a catalyst for the UK “to automation, he transform the dystopian part” into adds. But what e © iStoc

one “full of possibilities” . Given would happen if Imag the level of dependence on overseas we were to workers, it might allow the UK to witness a giant

40 PFNDAI Feb 2019 Food Science & Industry News

He added: “Companies selling cows (see goats, sheep, almonds, than others dairy alternatives are using easy to soy, rice, oat, coconut). If anything, Consumers may also be unaware of understand, clear, descriptive and you should modernize the standard the differences between different truthful language. Many brands use of identity to reflect the current brands of plant-based milks, said terms such as milk, yogurt, cheese, market and NOT go back to the the Animal Law Committee of the and cream, all with appropriate 1950s.” New York City Bar Association, qualifiers such as non-dairy, dairy- which claimed that some brands of free, alternative, or with a Standards of identity were almondmilk contain four times descriptive compound word designed to tackle rampant dairy more nuts than others. qualifier such as ‘flaxmilk.’ milk adulteration The Animal Law Committee of the “To help consumers determine the “Consumers think these words New York City Bar Association ratio of plant-sourced ingredients to represent proper descriptors for the added that the standard of identity water and other ingredients in products and do not believe we are for milk (limiting it to the lacteal plant-based milk products, the FDA trying to pass off our products as a secretions of cows) was should implement labeling dairy product. In fact, we would not “established to address the rampant requirements for these products be successful doing so as consumer adulteration of dairy milk products similar to existing juice label buying our products are looking for in the early 20th century that requirements, which require juice alternatives to dairy. harmed consumers who wished to products to disclose the proportion “Plant-based foods that can directly purchase cows’ milk , not to of fruit or vegetable juice to other replace dairy-based products make preclude or hinder the marketing of ingredients .” use of the same terminology (e.g. truthfully labeled new variations or milk, butter, cheese) because they new foods.” A new compliance policy? serve the same purposes and are While the FDA has largely ignored used in almost exactly the same School Nutrition Association: dairy producers’ calls for a way as their dairy counterparts (in Consumers ‘simply aren’t aware of crackdown on the use of dairy- cereal, a glass, smoothies, coffee, the nutritional differences’ between derived terms such as milk, butter etc). Consumers understand words dairy and plant-based milks and cheese on plant-based products in context.” in recent years, FDA commissioner However, dairy brand Land O’ Dr Scott Gottlieb recently indicated Good Karma: Milk is a liquid Lakes cited a 2018 IPSOS survey that “a new compliance policy ” beverage that you put in cereal, commissioned by Dairy may be on the cards. smoothies, a glass, recipes and Management Inc., which found that coffee 68% of consumers that only But he also acknowledged that there At Good Karma, which adds pea purchase plant-based milks believe could be legal challenges were the protein isolate to its flaxseed-based they are nutritionally equivalent to agency to suddenly ban terms such milks and yogurts, Radi said, “We dairy milk, while 53% of as ‘almondmilk’ having tacitly do not share the concern implied by consumers in general believe that endorsed such terms on food labels FDA’s questions regarding potential plant-based food manufacturers for a decade, and recently issued a risk of poor nutrition due to label their products ‘milk’ because public request for information (RFI) differences between dairy products they have similar nutritional value. to help inform the development of and plant-based alternatives. To the The School Nutrition Association, draft guidance to “provide greater contrary, our products are meanwhile, argued that many clarity on appropriate labeling of nutritionally dense containing students and parents “simply aren’t plant-based alternatives.” similar levels of protein, calcium, aware of the vitamin A, and vitamin D as dairy nutritional Image © iStock.com/Aamulya milk. Plus, our products contain differences ” omega 3s from flax, less sugar, less between saturated fat and cholesterol. And, dairy and our products are allergen friendly plant-based with no dairy, nuts or soy.” milks.

He added: “Milk is a liquid Some brands beverage that you put in cereal, of almond smoothies, a glass, recipes and milk contain coffee. It's not necessarily four times something that only comes from more nuts

PFNDAI Feb 2019 41 Food Science & Industry News

The RFI includes questions about engineering, teaching and research the size of the plant-based dairy facilities in the UK, housing some “Why is this important? It’s market, how products are labeled 400 staff, students and researchers. important because our future lies in and merchandised, and what direct driving a new technological or indirect messages brands in the Skills challenges revolution focusing on AI, space are giving out about the “Skills challenges remain a key automation, robotics and 3D nutritional properties. The FDA issue for many manufacturing printing, as well as many other new also wants data on why consumers businesses in the UK, due to factors exciting technologies. It will ensure buy them, how they're used, such as the fast pace of technology graduates are at the cutting edge whether they think they are development, an ageing workforce and ready to take up the high healthier and how consumers and a shortage of graduates with productivity, high-wage jobs of the perceive or understand 'soy milk' vs relevant multidisciplinary skills and future.” 'soy-based beverage' or 'soy drink.' experience,” said Ratchev. The deadline for submitting Designed by Bond Bryan Architects comments is January 28. “The Institute is helping to shape and built by J. Tomlinson, the the manufacturing research Advanced Manufacturing Building agenda nationally and received £5m funding from D2N2 internationally and is Local Enterprise Partnership, the ussanov ussanov ussanov supplying the technology and private sector-led partnership of specialist skills to support business, local authorities, skills and alentinr alentinr alentinr key industrial sectors and training providers, and community encourage the growth of and voluntary organisations, which emerging industries.” promotes economic and jobs k.com/v k.com/v k.com/v growth across Derby, Derbyshire, The University collaborates Nottingham and Nottinghamshire. e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc with many of the world’s leading companies, including Imag Imag Imag Investing in the Future of Airbus, BAE Systems, BMW, New £24m food research Bentley Motors, Cummins, GSK, Food: Collaborating with HP Enterprise, IBM, Jaguar Land other entrepreneurs can facility opens doors Rover, Laing O’Rourke, Nestlé, By Aidan Fortune 10-Dec-2018 – PepsiCo, Rolls- Royce and Siemens. speed development Food Manufacture The Institute also specialises in By Elizabeth Crawford 14-Nov-2018 - helping industry to produce the Food Navigator USA A £24m research facility with a products of the future, ranging from focus on the food industry has highly complexity, customised While the food and beverage opened at the University of future aircraft and cars to artisan or industry is inherently competitive Nottingham. The Advanced allergen-free lines for big-name food that doesn’t mean companies Manufacturing Building (AMB) is brands and personalised medicine need to operate as islands – home to the Institute for formulations for the pharmaceutical rather, at Rabobank’s FoodBytes! Advanced Manufacturing (IfAM), industry. pitch slam in New York City the which has 8,918m of world-class founder of whipped vegetable research and teaching facilities ‘The start of something truly spread brand Frescious explains for design, manufacturing, special’ collaborating with other assembly and metrology, Juergen Maier, chief executive of entrepreneurs can help startups measurement, testing and Siemens UK, who officially opened build a strong foundation and modelling. the facility, said: grow more quickly. “This new facility

With a total research portfolio of heralds the start of ovic £80m, scientific research takes place something truly in key sectors, such as aerospace, special for automotive, food, biomedical, Nottingham, and will energy generation, chemical help place the region k.com/dusanpetk products and digital manufacturing. and indeed the k.com/dusanpetk Professor Svetan Ratchev, director country at the cutting of IfAM, described the AMB as one e © iStoc edge of digital e © iStoc of the largest manufacturing, manufacturing. Imag Imag

42 PFNDAI Feb 2019 Food Science & Industry News

“At FoodBytes! today, everyone is complex mix of fragmented and some more issues with sharing so many of the same consumers was really hard.” adoption because spreads and dips challenges and to gather around are not usually presented in this and discuss these and realize the One way that Frescious is format,” Delfassy said, adding, amount of collaboration and cross- navigating this challenge is by “which is why we will explore other learning that can happen, is a really moving to the US and focusing on pack formats for our consumer valuable experience,” building a local market in Southern launch here.” California, which will give it a Noemie Delfassy, founder of Finer launch pad for Flavors and creator of the Frecious future brand, told FoodNavigator-USA. expansion. She explained one of the shared- challenges addressed by the startups “If you start and k.com/mikyso gathered at FoodBytes! in New you develop York City earlier this fall was how roots for the to grow beyond ‘small batch’ business in your e © iStoc production or ‘local’ distribution local community Imag without alienating or losing early and you are able adopters who value those attributes to get supporters and who may shun ‘big’ companies in your local that use ‘industrial’ production. community, then they will help She explained that when she first you improve developed Frecious as a line of your product fresh, whipped dips and spreads and grow,” she made from whole vegetables, nuts, said. lemon juice and salt she worked closely with chefs to create a local, ‘The sweet spot loyal following who used and between artisanal and industrial’ Four strategies for food evangelized the product. This As for navigating the question of service to boost delivery helped more people discovered the artisanal versus industrial, brand in a way that they still felt a Frescious is exploring production and tap into consumer local attachment to it. options that are easy to scale but do desire to eat at home not compromise on quality. As the brand expands with a second more line of products that will pair the “It was really the idea of _nding the By Elizabeth Crawford 03-Jan-2019 – whipped vegetable spreads with sweet spot between artisanal and Food Navigator USA crunchy dippers, Delfassy says she industrial supply chain, and really hopes to maintain the feeling that looking at how we make our food As manufacturers and grocery the brand is local in part by moving and improving the food retailers offer more convenient the headquarters to Southern manufacturing practices so that we meal solutions, such as kits and California where the company will can deliver a really clean label pre-made options that emphasize focus first on the surrounding product that is also delicious and nutrient density and freshness, region before slowly expanding affordable,” Delfassy explained. consumers are eating out less and outwards. eating at home more – ratcheting With this in mind, the company up the competition between She acknowledges maintaining a landed on pouches – a form that is CPGs and food service, according local focus is difficult for businesses typically used in the US for baby to new research from ingredient as they expand, explaining, “Food food, which could be a confounding supplier Kerry. is inherently local, and it is tied to factor as the products roll out in the culture, and very quickly we had to US. The taste and nutrition company serve different countries with found Americans now eat 82% of different habits and different “The pouches are a great format meals at home – up from 75% from traditions around food, and even because the packaging content is a decade ago. But according to its different languages. really light and it allows us to use survey of more than 2,000 HPP technology. That said, there is consumers in the US, only 31% are So, as a small startup to serve a a real risk of consumer confusion, completely homemade meals –

PFNDAI Feb 2019 43 Food Science & Industry News

revealing a sizable marketing could get in-store or in-restaurant options. Late-night snacking orders opportunity for restaurants, retailers quality meals at home via delivery. placed after 8 pm also are gaining and even some manufacturers to Fulfilling these wishes and traction among younger consumers, increase their ‘share of mouth’ by delivering a higher quality sensory the research adds.Expanded offering convenient solutions to ease experience could help restaurants delivery times and menu options meal prep or replace it entirely. and direct-toconsumer meal will help restaurants capture the X% solutions secure consumer loyalty, of consumers who say that they For restaurants in particular, the according to Kerry. In particular, it order food for delivery in the spur growth opportunity for providing at- found improving the quality of food of the moment, according to Kerry. home meal solutions through could result in four additional But it also could help them appeal delivery is “staggering," according orders per month – worth about to the increasing number of to Kerry. For example, it found that $133 in the time period. consumers who want to pre-plan Americans on average order-in five deliveries hours or even days in times per month and most orders Boost check size with diverse advance, it adds. are for two people. This equates to menus about $154 per month on typical While 80% of delivery orders are Target heavy users two person deliver orders versus for ‘typical menu items,’ consumers Finally, Kerry says that restaurants only $117 per month per capita for surveyed by Kerry said 20% of their and direct-to-consumer meal dining out. To fully capitalize on orders were for new menu items solution manufacturers can increase this potential though, Kerry says that they had never tried before – their share of market by fine-tuning restaurants need to focus on “implying desire for variety and their marketing to better target meeting consumers’ sensory menu exploration for delivery,” consumers predisposed to ordering expectations, offering a more according to Kerry. In particular, food. Kerry’s research revealed diverse menu, catering to new 38% of consumers told Kerry they three main categories of delivery dayparts and targeting the ideal would like to see more healthy users including ‘traditionalists,’ delivery consumer. Retailers and options. In addition, 39% of ‘followers’ and ‘frontrunners.’ CPG manufacturers or meal kit consumers said they’d like to see providers can also learn from these greater variety of food for delivery, Traditionalists are light users who lessons. according to the survey. Kerry also order delivery one or two times a sees potential for restaurants to month “out of sheer lack of time” Deliver on sensory expectations boost the size of orders by offering or because they want to take According to Kerry’s research, specialty beverages – both hot and advantage of a deal or discount. maintaining food quality for cold, according to the survey Followers, are moderate users of delivery “makes or breaks consumer results. delivery – ordering it three to five loyalty,” and is one of the biggest times a month. Like traditionalists, challenges that restaurants face. Offer more options throughout they do it as a timesaver, but also “Consumers want the ideal dine-in the day because they want to indulge or experience replicated at home, from Restaurants also can increase orders treat themselves. This group is look and feel, to texture and by going beyond the typical dinner diverse across demographics, but a temperature, without compromise,” and late night fare, and offering commonality is the desire among according to Kerry. That said, Kerry more breakfast, lunch and snack 29% of them for customizable also found that most consumers will options, according to Kerry. “While solutions for their delivery orders. cut restaurants some slack on 60% of all delivery orders are Finally, frontrunners, order delivery delivery and “rationalize the placed after 5 pm, typically for six or more times a month and do deterioration of temperature, dinner, over 37% of delivery orders so at different times of day and texture and overall experience.” are placed between 11 am and 5 from different parts of the menu.

Still, a third said that they wished pm,” according to Kerry. It adds This group represents about 25% of kut restaurants could figure out how to that many of the daytime orders are the delivery consumer population aber deliver fried foods that stayed hot on weekdays, suggesting office and are more likely to be older y and 36% said they wished they workers are looking for convenient millennials men with children. k.com/an e © iStoc Imag

44 PFNDAI Feb 2019 Regulatory news

Fibre augmentation: Are beneficial to our health in many total fat and replace it with fibre?” ways. When people think of fibre food labels missing an ‘F’ they tend to think of constipation The next food group fashion? word? and nothing much else very Delegates of Health Ingredients By Nikki Cutler 07-Dec-2018 - interesting. This is a really bad thing Europe in Frankfurt last week NutraIngredients as the potential benefits of fibre are (November 27th) heard that fibre is huge.” set to be the next big thing in sports Fibre must join the front of pack k.com/MarcoCavina k.com/MarcoCavina k.com/MarcoCavina nutrition. Irene Kersbergen, market nutritional guide as populations She added that studies have shown analyst for Innova Market Insight, throughout Europe are in need of fibre can lower risk of a number of provided a presentation informing e © iStoc e © iStoc e © iStoc “fibre augmentation”, according diseases including cardio-vascular that consumers are becoming more Imag Imag Imag to a food and nutrition expert. disease and type 2 diabetes. She aware of the importance of fibre pointed out that, throughout and, as such, there has been a 55% Dr Charlotte Evans, lecturer at the Europe, the average recommended growth in instances of fibre being University of Leeds School of Food daily intake of fibre is at least 30g, added to sports nutrition products and Nutrition, spoke at the which requires us to eat eight to ten in the last five years. Nutrition Society’s Winter high fibre foods per day which can Conference in London this week be quite difficult to do. "We've seen a lot of sports nutrition (December 5 ) and argued that fibre bars now being launched with 'more needs to take centre stage ahead of Evans points out that some parts of fibre' or 'added fibre'." The survey total fat as people struggle to follow Europe are very good at reaching found, of the consumers who had fat, sugar and fibre guidance all at their recommended dose but those increased their fibre intake, 64% had once. She informed delegates that lagging behind might need a helping done so to improve their digestive sugar and fat are currently taking hand from a change in labelling health, while 24% had done it to rank in the list of diet concerns. laws. “People tend to only be able to help with weight management and “I’m very rarely asked to speak on concentrate on two pieces of diet 16% had done so to increase their the subject of fibre so I thought I’d advice at one time and fibre has energy. do some Google Analytics on the been pushed out of the running by number of searches of the term fat and sugar,” she added. Fibre start-ups fibre, compared to sugar. Sugar beat Swedish start-up Carbiotix fibre seven-fold. I didn’t think this She argued it would be easier for launched last year with the aim to was too bad until I realised a lot of consumers to follow help consumers fill their 'fibre gap'. the searches for fibre were in recommendations if fibre quantities More recently, Polish start-up Pure relation to fiber-optics! were included on the front of packs Grain Bread won praise and along with sugar, fat, saturated fat, investment on TV's Dragon's Den. “It’s time we had a campaign for calories and salt. She concluded Dragon Deborah Meaden said the fibre augmentation and get people with food for thought: “There’s an products was 'bang on trend' thanks eating more of this essential food important ‘F’ word missing on the to its high fibre health profile. group that has been proven to be front of pack. Could we take out

PFNDAI Feb 2019 45 Regulatory News

encouraged payment or pecuniary benefit is them to provided to the participants. instruct district Furthermore, infant nutrition health officers products are not discussed or to better displayed at such scientific enforce the conferences." act. BNPI's central Vigilance to stamp out violation olas coordinator, However, Gupta remains adamant paediatrician that doctors should rely on medical

k.com/ff Arun Gupta, journals and academic research said infant instead of infant food nutrition firms manufacturers. He also said he and e © iStoc might have his colleagues fear that such

Imag been promotional tactics could continue India infant formula row: promoting should government health their products through doctors authorities and the Indian medical Company defends under the pretext of educational community fail to exercise greater 'science-sharing' stance initiatives, a suspicion that formed vigilance. the motivation for its letter to the amid NGO criticism health ministry. Speaking to NutraIngredients-Asia , By Cheryl Tay 10-Dec-2018 – he said: "Companies do this NutraIngredients Asia Sustained attack through the health system. For This letter came shortly after the example, the nutrition institute The Breastfeeding Promotion BNPI had alerted the New Delhi sponsors conferences and invites Network of India (BPNI) has called branch of the Indian Academy of doctors. They also do this through for government action to restrict Paediatrics (IAP) to the company’s e-marketing on websites, including what it claims are attempts by Nutrition Institute's planned social media platforms, and by infant nutrition companies to 'scientific session', titled Infant offering discounts on their products influence paediatricians to formulas: Paediatricians' dilemma, to hospitals and clinics. Such promote formula to mothers. which was to feature two actions undermine breastfeeding paediatricians as speakers. An and promote formula, which is The BPNI, an NGO founded in invitee had alerted the BPNI, whose unhealthy and dangerous for babies, 1991, appealed to the health doctors saw the session as an and goes against the laws in India.” ministry to ensure "effective industry event designed to influence implementation" of India's Infant paediatricians into prescribing Maternal health or monetary Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles infant formula to parents of young gain? and Infant Foods (Regulation of children. Production, Supply, and Recent findings from the Global Nutrition Report highlighted severe Distribution) Act 1992, which Nutrition institute’s spokesperson prohibits the public promotion of problems in Asia and especially defended the session, saying the India when it came to anaemia in manufactured foods for children institute organises scientific below two years of age. women of reproductive age, and workshops where healthcare malnutrition, wasting, stunting and professionals discuss various It also prohibits infant food mortality in children under the age scientific topics and share science- of five. manufacturers from offering any based nutrition information. The contribution or pecuniary benefit to spokesperson said: "Participation in In light of this, NutraIngredients- individual healthcare professionals these sessions is voluntary. or health worker associations. This Asia raised the question of whether includes funding seminars, it was wise to push for exclusive The objective of the planned session breastfeeding while placing conferences, and educational in New Delhi had been to share courses. stringent restrictions on infant nutrition information and not to formula manufacturers, since promote infant formulas. The IMS micronutrient deficiencies in In a letter to the health ministry, the Act does not discourage or prohibit BNPI wrote that the authorities pregnant and breastfeeding women the dissemination of scientific are bound to affect their offspring. needed to "beat market forces that information. Scientific conferences undermine breastfeeding" , and are organised by the NNI and no

46 PFNDAI Feb 2019 Regulatory News

Gupta replied: "We don't need formula to help mothers who have micronutrient deficiencies. It's better to invest in the nutrition of the mother rather than to put her baby on anawut formula, which is much k/Y more dangerous than

breastfeeding." e © iStoc

Indeed, governments at Imag the national and state levels in India have India’s dairy dispute: aflatoxin or ammonium sulphate been making concerted efforts to residues. “In all these cases, milk is fight widespread malnutrition in the FSSAI insists milk getting contaminated due to poor country, which disproportionately contamination is ‘not quality of feed, irresponsible use of affects women and children. antibiotics and poor farm serious at all’ practices,” it said. Further, Programmes to get suppliers and By Pearly Neo 03-Dec-2018 – quantitative analysis suggests that manufacturers to provide fortified Food Navigator Asia this problem is not serious. It is ingredients and staple foods, as well restricted to few pockets and in as to enable farmers to grow The Food Safety and Standards some states. There is no concern at fortified crops, have sprung up in Authority of India (FSSAI) has all due to pesticides residues.” numerous states in the last few declared milk in India to be years. Still, when it came to the ‘largely safe’ following reports FSSAI CEO Pawan Agarwal issue of women who had trouble from its 2018 National Milk declined to reveal the origin of the expressing sufficient breastmilk, Quality Survey, holding ‘poor remaining contaminated samples Gupta remained resolute: "Women farm practices’ responsible for due to worries of these being ‘false can decide what they want to feed current contaminations. positives’ . their babies after consulting their doctors, but our problem is with the “[In] a large number (6432) of Clearing up ‘misinterpretations’ promotion of infant formula." samples, very few samples were Agarwal said that this report aimed found to be adulterated. Slightly to clear up the ‘misinterpretation of He added that while organisations less than 10% samples had information’ released after another like the nutrition institute were free contaminants coming mainly from FSSAI survey on milk conducted to conduct their own privately poor farm practices. Over 90% of back in 2011. funded research and hold their own the samples were found safe in the conferences and seminars, they survey,” said FSSAI via its official Speaking to local media outlets, he should not be inviting medical press release on the matter. said the there were ‘infirmities’ in professionals to their events. the previous survey covering sample The agency has also described this size, data collection and analysis “Why should a nutrition institute survey to be ‘by far the largest methods, and this latest survey was founded and promoted by Nestlé systematic survey’ in terms of to “get the real picture about the sponsor doctors' registration fees or sample size and parameters tested, quality of milk in India.” even invite them (to attend their although it only covered liquid milk conferences and seminars)? It and not milk products. “The survey The 2011 survey had found that doesn't matter whether they also did not cover microbiological 68.4% of samples did not conform sponsor flights (to overseas events) examination of the samples,” it to FSSAI standards. Earlier this or simply invite them to attend a added. year, an Animal Welfare Board of conference. To me, it is the same India representative had expressed thing. Whether they are just hosting FSSAI also claimed that of all the concerns over the findings that or sponsoring, these companies are samples tested, only 12 were some 68% of all milk and milk spending money to bring doctors to adulterated, and less than 10% products in India were adulterated. their events, and they shouldn't be contained pesticide, antibiotic, doing it."

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This was followed in November by Mandatory rice with officials from the Food an FSSAI report that some 25% Ministry and the FSSAI over the samples of edible products fortification for public next few weeks. The purpose of (including milk) that were tested programmes in India by these meetings would be to discuss through the year had been found to how best to introduce rice be adulterated or in violation of December 2019 fortification through the ICDS and FSSAI standards. By Cheryl Tay 19-Dec-2018 – in schools. The department will also NutraIngredients Asia ensure that the double fortification Despite these, Agarwal said to New of rice, wheat, salt, milk and oil will The use of fortified rice will be Indian Express that: “There is a be implemented in several phases. mandatory in all midday meal fake report going around that says He also said that the fortification of schemes, and public nutrition that a large number of Indians are food was just one of the ways in programmes under the Integrated at great risk of serious diseases due which malnutrition, which has Child Development Services to consumption of heavily plagued India for a long time, could (ICDS) in India by December 2019. contaminated milk. However, there be alleviated. is no such evidence for such an In the Indian government's latest inference.” effort to combat malnutrition in the Addition of nutrition country, the Ministry of Women The rice used in the aforementioned Quality concerns and Child Development pushed for schemes will be fortified by the A recent report released by the the use of fortified rice across the addition of vitamins and minerals, Consumer Guidance Society of board in these nutrition-based many of which are lost when rice is India (CGSI) has said that over 78% schemes, having already made the milled and polished. Fortified rice of the milk in India does not meet use of fortified wheat, salt, milk and and wheat flour will contain folic quality standards. The samples oil mandatory. Government sources acid, iron, niacin, pyridoxine, comprised both branded and have revealed that by December riboflavin, thiamine and vitamins A unbranded milk. 2019, midday meals at schools, as and B12, while fortified milk and well as food served at ICDS centres, edible oil will contain vitamins A According to the report, only 20.7% will be prepared using fortified and D, all in amounts that can help of branded and 22.5% of wheat flour and edible oil. consumers reach their RDI unbranded milk samples Currently, the use of double- (recommended daily intake). The respectively were standards- fortified iodised salt under these Indian government has made compliant. “Milk needs to comply programmes is already mandatory. multiple attempts to lower the with set standards. In comparison to The Food Safety and Standards incidence of malnutrition in the last year’s test results, poor quality Authority of India (FSSAI) also country over the years, with its most milk sale has actually increased,” said that by January 2020, fortified recent effort involving pearl millet said CGSI Chairman Dr Sitaram rice, wheat flour, salt and edible oil fortification , carried out in Dixit to Mumbai Mirror. would be supplied throughout the conjunction with the Indian country’s Public Distribution Council of Agricultural Research Quality concerns, specifically the System (PDS). (ICAR) and US-based firm levels of fat and solid non-fat in HarvestPlus. milk were also assessed by FSSAI in Phasing out this 2018 study, and here 39% of However, while the fortification of Speaking from an international samples did not meet the required staple foods in general has been conference called Aligning Food parameters. Agarwal said: “There welcome by the public and Systems for Health Diets and should be zero-tolerance to complied with by many companies, Improved Nutrition, held at the adulteration in milk, [but] concerns the FSSAI has received criticism National Institute of Nutrition of quality due to contaminants need from industry over its push for the (NIN) in Hyderabad on November to be addressed over a period of mandatory fortification of edible 11, joint secretary for the time by taking large scale awareness oils, with the main complaint being Department of Women and Child drive and public education at the that it is likely to be too impractical Welfare Rajesh Kumar said he and primary production level.” and far too costly to implement. his colleagues would be meeting Image © iStock.com/ AndreyGorulko

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