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Promoting Sustainable Rural Development in the Ccapi District, Peru

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Promoting Sustainable Rural Development in the Ccapi District, Peru MENDEL UNIVERSITY IN BRNO Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies Promoting Sustainable Rural Development in the Ccapi District, Peru Diploma Thesis Author: Bc. Karolína Janálová Supervisor: Ing. Jiří Schneider, Ph.D. Consultant: Willem H. M. van Immerzeel, MSc Brno 2015 Declaration I declare that I carried out this thesis independently, and only with the cited sources, literature and other professional sources. I agree that my work will be published in accordance with Section 47b of Act No. 111/1998 Coll. on Higher Education as amended thereafter and in accordance with the Guidelines on Publishing University Student Theses. I understand that my work relates to the rights and obligations under the Act No. 121/2000 Coll., the Copyright Act, as amended, in particular the fact that Mendel University in Brno has the right to conclude a license agreement on the use of this work as a school work pursuant to Section 60 paragraph 1 of the Copyright Act. Before closing a license agreement on the use of my thesis with another person (subject) I undertake to request for a written statement of the university that the license agreement in question is not in conflict with the legitimate interests of the university, and undertake to pay any contribution, if eligible, to the costs associated with the creation of the thesis, up to their actual amount. In Brno, May 21, 2015 ……………………………… Bc. Karolína Janálová Acknowledgement I would like to thank to my supervisor Ing. Jiří Schneider, Ph.D. for his assistance and valuable advices while writing this diploma thesis. I also appreciate his responsiveness during a month internship in Peru where he participated with me on the local research. It is also a pleasure to express my deep gratitude to the president of the non- governmental organization Pachamama Raymi, Dr. Willem H. M. van Immerzeel, who provided me with worthy information and recommendations, as well as enabled the field survey in the area. I also appreciate teamwork of SID project team and their support during our project preparation in Peru. Last but not least, I owe special thanks to my parents who supported me in many ways throughout the development and writing of this diploma thesis. Abstract JANÁLOVÁ, Karolína. Promoting Sustainable Rural Development in the Ccapi District, Peru. Diploma Thesis. Brno, 2015 This diploma thesis presents and analyses the possibilities of promoting sustainable rural development in the Ccapi District, Cusco Region in Peru. The aim of the thesis is to propose a development project which contributes to an increase in economic, environmental and social opportunities for the poor and improvement in standard of living of the local communities with regard to their cultural values. The project is designed in response to the major causes of poverty and environmental degradation in the rural Andean areas of the Ccapi District. Based on results obtained from the literature, field survey, and semi-structured interviews with the local families and authorities, the paper analyses the initial situation and proposes a set of innovations which should be adopted by the vast majority of the residents living in the communities and therefore should contribute to the sustainable rural development. At the end, concrete results of the implemented project are presented and recommendations for further research in the area suggested. Keywords: Peru, Ccapi, sustainable rural development, poverty, sustainable agriculture, landscape potential JANÁLOVÁ, Karolína. Podpora udržitelného rozvoje venkova v okresu Ccapi, Peru. Diplomová práce. Brno, 2015 Tato diplomová práce prezentuje a analyzuje možnosti podpory udržitelného rozvoje venkova v okresu Ccapi v regionu Cusco v Peru. Cílem práce je vytvořit projekt, který přispívá ke zvýšení hospodářských, environmentálních a sociálních příležitostí pro chudé a zlepšení životní úrovně v místních komunitách s ohledem na jejich kulturní hodnoty. Projekt je navržen v reakci na hlavní příčiny chudoby a zhoršování životního prostředí v andských venkovských oblastech okresu Ccapi. Na základě výsledků získaných z literatury, terénního šetření a polostrukturovaných rozhovorů s místními rodinami a autoritami, práce analyzuje výchozí stav a navrhuje soubor inovací, který by měl být přijat převážnou většinou obyvatel komunit a přispět tak k udržitelnému rozvoji venkova. Na závěr jsou předloženy konkrétní výsledky realizovaného projektu a navržena doporučení pro další výzkum v této oblasti. Klíčová slova: Peru, Ccapi, trvale udržitelný rozvoj venkova, chudoba, udržitelné zemědělství, potenciál krajiny Content 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 9 2 Literature Research ............................................................................................... 10 2.1 Concept of Sustainable Development .............................................................. 10 2.2 Sustainable Rural Development and Agriculture ............................................. 12 2.3 Poverty ............................................................................................................. 16 2.3.1 Poverty and Environment ......................................................................... 16 2.4 Participatory and Capacity Development ......................................................... 19 2.4.1 Tacit and Explicit Knowledge .................................................................. 21 2.4.2 Innovation Approach to Development ...................................................... 23 2.5 NGOs and their Role in the Development Assistance ..................................... 24 2.6 Development and Historical Background: Latin America and Peru ................ 26 2.6.1 Agrarian System ....................................................................................... 28 2.7 Context of Peru ................................................................................................ 29 2.7.1 Land Use and Agriculture ......................................................................... 29 2.7.2 Rural Poverty ............................................................................................ 29 2.7.3 Farm and Agriculture Development ......................................................... 31 3 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 32 4 Situation Analysis and Project Justification ....................................................... 36 4.1 Geographical Aspects ....................................................................................... 36 4.1.1 Climate ...................................................................................................... 38 4.1.2 Water Resources ....................................................................................... 38 4.1.3 Landscape ................................................................................................. 39 4.2 Social Aspects .................................................................................................. 40 4.2.1 Child malnutrition ..................................................................................... 44 4.3 Economic Aspects ............................................................................................ 44 4.3.1 Agricultural and Livestock Production ..................................................... 45 5 Model Project ......................................................................................................... 48 5.1 Project Characterization ................................................................................... 48 5.2 Target Group/Key Stakeholders ....................................................................... 49 5.2.1 Groups of Families .................................................................................... 50 5.3 Project Activities .............................................................................................. 50 5.3.1 Improvement of Preventive Health Measures .......................................... 52 5.3.2 Guinea Pigs Breeding ............................................................................... 53 5.3.3 Irrigation, Crops and Pastures ................................................................... 53 5.3.4 Forestation ................................................................................................ 54 5.3.5 Peer Learning and Motivation .................................................................. 55 5.3.6 Contests ..................................................................................................... 57 5.3.7 Rules and Regulations .............................................................................. 58 5.3.8 Results ....................................................................................................... 58 5.3.9 Award Winning Ceremony ....................................................................... 58 5.4 Project Objectives ............................................................................................ 59 5.4.1 Overall Objective ...................................................................................... 59 5.4.2 Specific Objectives ................................................................................... 59 5.5 Project Team .................................................................................................... 60 5.5.1 Expert Farmers and Coordinators ............................................................
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