The Ogonek Package∗
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Tugboat, Volume 11 (1990), No
TUGboat, Volume 11 (1990), No. 2 G.A. Kubba. The Impact of Computers on Ara- to Computer Modern fonts-I strongly support the bic Writing, Character Processing, and Teach- principal idea, and I pursue it in the present paper. ing. Information Processing, 80:961-965, 1980. To organize the discussion in a systematic way, I Pierre Mackay. Typesetting Problem Scripts. will use the notions - borrowed from [2]-of text Byte, 11(2):201-218, February 1986. encoding, typing and rendering. J. Marshall Unger. The Fiflh Generation 2 Text encoding Fallacy- Why Japan is Betting its Future on Artificial Intelligence. Oxford University Press, In the context of w,encoding means the character 1987. sets of the fonts in question and their layouts. In the present section I will focus my attention on the X/Open Company, Ltd. X/Open Portability character sets, as the layouts should be influenced, Guide, Supplementary Definitions, volume 3. among others, by typing considerations. Prentice-Hall. 1989. In an attempt to obtain a general idea about the use of the latin alphabet worldwide, I looked up the o Nelson H.F. Beebe only relevant reference work I am aware of, namely Center for Scientific Computing and Department of Languages Identificatzon Guzde [7] (hereafter LIG). Mathematics Apart from the latin scripts used in the Soviet Union South Physics Building and later replaced by Cyrillic ones, it lists 82 lan- University of Utah guages using the latin alphabet with additional let- Salt Lake City, UT 84112 ters (I preserve the original spelling): USA Albanian, Aymara, Basque. Breton, Bui, Tel: (801) 581-5254 Catalan, Choctaw, Chuana, Cree, Czech, Internet: BeebeQscience .utah.edu Danish, Delaware, Dutch, Eskimo, Espe- ranto, Estonian, Ewe, Faroese (also spelled Faroeish), Fiji, Finnish, French, Frisian, Fulbe, German, Guarani, Hausa, Hun- garian, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Javanese, Juang, Kasubian, Kurdish, Lahu, Lahuli, - Latin, Lettish, Lingala, Lithuanian, Lisu, On Standards Luba, Madura. -
Ffontiau Cymraeg
This publication is available in other languages and formats on request. Mae'r cyhoeddiad hwn ar gael mewn ieithoedd a fformatau eraill ar gais. [email protected] www.caerphilly.gov.uk/equalities How to type Accented Characters This guidance document has been produced to provide practical help when typing letters or circulars, or when designing posters or flyers so that getting accents on various letters when typing is made easier. The guide should be used alongside the Council’s Guidance on Equalities in Designing and Printing. Please note this is for PCs only and will not work on Macs. Firstly, on your keyboard make sure the Num Lock is switched on, or the codes shown in this document won’t work (this button is found above the numeric keypad on the right of your keyboard). By pressing the ALT key (to the left of the space bar), holding it down and then entering a certain sequence of numbers on the numeric keypad, it's very easy to get almost any accented character you want. For example, to get the letter “ô”, press and hold the ALT key, type in the code 0 2 4 4, then release the ALT key. The number sequences shown from page 3 onwards work in most fonts in order to get an accent over “a, e, i, o, u”, the vowels in the English alphabet. In other languages, for example in French, the letter "c" can be accented and in Spanish, "n" can be accented too. Many other languages have accents on consonants as well as vowels. -
Combining Diacritical Marks Range: 0300–036F the Unicode Standard
Combining Diacritical Marks Range: 0300–036F The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0. Characters in this chart that are new for The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 are shown in conjunction with any existing characters. For ease of reference, the new characters have been highlighted in the chart grid and in the names list. This file will not be updated with errata, or when additional characters are assigned to the Unicode Standard. See http://www.unicode.org/charts for access to a complete list of the latest character charts. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the on-line reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this excerpt file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 (ISBN 0-321-18578-1), as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24 and #29, the other Unicode Technical Reports and the Unicode Character Database, which are available on-line. See http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UCD.html and http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation. Fonts The shapes of the reference glyphs used in these code charts are not prescriptive. Considerable variation is to be expected in actual fonts. -
The File Cmfonts.Fdd for Use with Latex2ε
The file cmfonts.fdd for use with LATEX 2".∗ Frank Mittelbach Rainer Sch¨opf 2019/12/16 This file is maintained byA theLTEX Project team. Bug reports can be opened (category latex) at https://latex-project.org/bugs.html. 1 Introduction This file contains the external font information needed to load the Computer Modern fonts designed by Don Knuth and distributed with TEX. From this file all .fd files (font definition files) for the Computer Modern fonts, both with old encoding (OT1) and Cork encoding (T1) are generated. The Cork encoded fonts are known under the name ec fonts. 2 Customization If you plan to install the AMS font package or if you have it already installed, please note that within this package there are additional sizes of the Computer Modern symbol and math italic fonts. With the release of LATEX 2", these AMS `extracm' fonts have been included in the LATEX font set. Therefore, the math .fd files produced here assume the presence of these AMS extensions. For text fonts in T1 encoding, the directive new selects the new (version 1.2) DC fonts. For the text fonts in OT1 and U encoding, the optional docstrip directive ori selects a conservatively generated set of font definition files, which means that only the basic font sizes coming with an old LATEX 2.09 installation are included into the \DeclareFontShape commands. However, on many installations, people have added missing sizes by scaling up or down available Metafont sources. For example, the Computer Modern Roman italic font cmti is only available in the sizes 7, 8, 9, and 10pt. -
Evaluation of the Orientation of 90° and 180° Reinforcing Bar Hooks In
Research Note RN-2009-2 Evaluation of the Orientation of 90° and 180° Reinforcing Bar Hooks in Wide Members Introduction Longitudinal reinforcing steel bars in flexural members are often developed at discontinuous ends with a 90° or 180° standard hook. These hooks are usually oriented in the vertical direc- tion, which generally corresponds with being perpendicular (or normal) to the member’s major axis. Because standard hook sizes can be quite large, especially for large diameter bars, detailing of hooked bars can be critical. In some instances, such as the case of a shallow member that is Figure 1 ‒ Example of tilted reinforcing bar hooks heavily reinforced, the standard hook height in ac- shown at the edge of a cantilever balcony slab cordance with the ACI 318-11 Code (2011), plus the required concrete cover above and below the search Note bar, may exceed the member depth. In this case, one solution used in practice to satisfy the cover requirements and maintain the hook length is to rotate the bar along its longitudinal axis, such that the hook is no longer vertical. Hook tilting is illus- trated in Figures 1 and 2. Re This Research Note describes results of a study initiated as part of the CRSI Graduate Re- search Fellowship Program to evaluate the influ- ence of hook angle tilt on hook performance and behavior. The research also examined the poten- tial limitations of hook tilt in a concrete member, depicted in Figure 3. Figure 2 ‒ Recommended bar details for solid slabs (CRSI 2008) Background Hook Behavior Forces are transferred between 90° or 180° hooked bars in tension and the surrounding con- crete through bond along the bar surface and bearing of the bar on the enclosed concrete. -
Latex2ε Font Selection
LATEX 2" font selection © Copyright 1995{2021, LATEX Project Team.∗ All rights reserved. March 2021 Contents 1 Introduction2 1.1 LATEX 2" fonts.............................2 1.2 Overview...............................2 1.3 Further information.........................3 2 Text fonts4 2.1 Text font attributes.........................4 2.2 Selection commands.........................7 2.3 Internals................................8 2.4 Parameters for author commands..................9 2.5 Special font declaration commands................. 10 3 Math fonts 11 3.1 Math font attributes......................... 11 3.2 Selection commands......................... 12 3.3 Declaring math versions....................... 13 3.4 Declaring math alphabets...................... 13 3.5 Declaring symbol fonts........................ 14 3.6 Declaring math symbols....................... 15 3.7 Declaring math sizes......................... 17 4 Font installation 17 4.1 Font definition files.......................... 17 4.2 Font definition file commands.................... 18 4.3 Font file loading information..................... 19 4.4 Size functions............................. 20 5 Encodings 21 5.1 The fontenc package......................... 21 5.2 Encoding definition file commands................. 22 5.3 Default definitions.......................... 25 5.4 Encoding defaults........................... 26 5.5 Case changing............................. 27 ∗Thanks to Arash Esbati for documenting the newer NFSS features of 2020 1 6 Miscellanea 27 6.1 Font substitution.......................... -
Latex2ε Font Selection
LATEX 2" font selection c Copyright 1995{2000, LATEX3 Project Team. All rights reserved. 2 September 2000 Contents 1 Introduction 2 A 1.1 LTEX 2" fonts . 2 1.2 Overview . 2 1.3 Further information . 3 2 Text fonts 4 2.1 Text font attributes . 4 2.2 Selection commands . 6 2.3 Internals . 7 2.4 Parameters for author commands . 8 2.5 Special font declaration commands . 9 3 Math fonts 10 3.1 Math font attributes . 10 3.2 Selection commands . 11 3.3 Declaring math versions . 12 3.4 Declaring math alphabets . 12 3.5 Declaring symbol fonts . 13 3.6 Declaring math symbols . 14 3.7 Declaring math sizes . 16 4 Font installation 16 4.1 Font definition files . 16 4.2 Font definition file commands . 16 4.3 Font file loading information . 18 4.4 Size functions . 18 5 Encodings 20 5.1 The fontenc package . 20 5.2 Encoding definition file commands . 20 5.3 Default definitions . 23 5.4 Encoding defaults . 24 5.5 Case changing . 25 1 6 Miscellanea 25 6.1 Font substitution . 25 6.2 Preloading . 26 6.3 Accented characters . 26 6.4 Naming conventions . 27 7 If you need to know more . 28 1 Introduction A This document describes the new font selection features of the LTEX Document Preparation System. It is intended for package writers who want to write font- loading packages similar to times or latexsym. This document is only a brief introduction to the new facilities and is intended A for package writers who are familiar with TEX fonts and LTEX packages. -
Ogonek Digital Archive
Ogonek Digital Archive The most important publication on Soviet culture and everyday life Ogonek was one of the oldest weekly magazines in Russia, having been in continuous publication since 1923. Ogonek had rather inauspicious beginnings. Unlike Pravda or Izvestiia, born, as they were, in the cauldrons of the Russian Revolution, Ogonek, soon after its birth in 1923, came to serve one grand purpose only – to fulfill the task of cultural validation and legitimation of the Soviet system. Ogonek would serve its mission with certain aplomb and sophistication. Lacking the crudeness and the bombast of the main organs of Communist Party propaganda, Ogonek was able to become one of the most influential shapers and reflectors of the public character of the Soviet culture. Every self-respecting Soviet intellectual was expected to read Ogonek if they were to stay informed about the cultural world in which they lived and moved. The importance of Ogonek as a primary source for research into the Soviet Union and bolshevization of its cultural and social landscapes cannot be overestimated. Because of its mass circulation and popularity, it was able to unite Soviet Union’s geographically and culturally diverse population through culturally important and imposing narratives. If in the West, and especially in the United States, cultural trends were the result of complex negotiations between market research, supply, and demand, in the Soviet Union cultural trends were more or less state approved top-down affairs. Ogonek was an important vehicle for the conveyance of the Soviet cultural idiom to the reading public. Key Stats Access over 90 years of Soviet and Russian Archive: 1923-2020 culture Language: Russian The Ogonek digital archive contains all obtainable published issues from 1923 on. -
De Novo DNA Methylation by DNA Methyltransferase 3A Controls Early Effector CD8+ T-Cell Fate Decisions Following Activation
De novo DNA methylation by DNA methyltransferase + 3a controls early effector CD8 T-cell fate decisions following activation Brian H. Ladlea,1,2, Kun-Po Lib,c,1, Maggie J. Phillipsa, Alexandra B. Pucseka, Azeb Hailea, Jonathan D. Powella, Elizabeth M. Jaffeea, David A. Hildemanb,c,1,2, and Christopher J. Gampera,1 aDepartment of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231; bImmunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220; and cDivision of Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229 Edited by Susan M. Kaech, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Philippa Marrack July 18, 2016 (received for review December 11, 2015) DNMT3a is a de novo DNA methyltransferase expressed robustly dominant DNA methyltransferase active in T cells (18, 19). In + + after T-cell activation that regulates plasticity of CD4 T-cell cyto- CD4 T cells, DNMT3a plays a key role in lineage stability and kine expression. Here we show that DNMT3a is critical for direct- restricting plasticity. DNMT3a mediates CpG DNA methylation ing early CD8+ T-cell effector and memory fate decisions. Whereas and silencing of the Ifng promoter during Th2 differentiation effector function of DNMT3a knockout T cells is normal, they de- (20) and the Il13 promoter in an asthma model (19). In both of + velop more memory precursor and fewer terminal effector cells in these models, DNMT3a functions in CD4 T cells to control the a T-cell intrinsic manner compared with wild-type animals. -
Diacritics-ELL.Pdf
Diacritics J.C. Wells, University College London Dkadvkxkdw avf ekwxkrhykwjkrh qavow axxadjfe xs pfxxfvw sg xjf aptjacfx, gsv f|aqtpf xjf adyxf addfrx sr xjf ‘ kr dag‘. M swx parhyahf svxjshvatjkfw cawfe sr xjf Laxkr aptjacfx qaof wsqf ywf sg ekadvkxkdw, aw kreffe es xjswf cawfe sr sxjfv aptjacfxw are {vkxkrh w}wxfqw. Tjf gsdyw sg xjkw avxkdpf kw sr xjf vspf sg ekadvkxkdw kr xjf svxjshvatj} sg parhyahfw {vkxxfr {kxj xjf Laxkr aptjacfx. Ireffe, xjf svkhkr sg wsqf pfxxfvw xjax avf rs{ a wxareave tavx sg xjf aptjacfx pkfw kr xjf ywf sg ekadvkxkdw. Tjf pfxxfv G {aw krzfrxfe kr Rsqar xkqfw aw a zavkarx sg C, ekwxkrhykwjfe c} xjf dvswwcav sr xjf ytwxvsof. Tjf pfxxfv J {aw rsx ekwxkrhykwjfe gvsq I, rsv U gvsq V, yrxkp xjf 16xj dfrxyv} (Saqtwsr 1985: 110). Tjf rf{ pfxxfv 1 kw sczksywp} a zavkarx sr r are ws dsype cf wffr aw krdsvtsvaxkrh a ekadvkxkd xakp. Dkadvkxkdw tvstfv, xjsyhj, avf wffr aw qavow axxadjfe xs a cawf pfxxfv. Ir xjkw wfrwf, m y 1 es rsx krzspzf ekadvkxkdw. Tjf f|xfrwkzf ywf sg ekadvkxkdw xs wyttpfqfrx xjf Laxkr aptjacfx kr dawfw {jfvf kx {aw wffr aw kraefuyaxf gsv xjf wsyrew sg sxjfv parhyahfw kw hfrfvapp} axxvkcyxfe xs xjf vfpkhksyw vfgsvqfv Jar Hyw (1369-1415), {js efzkwfe a vfgsvqfe svxjshvatj} gsv C~fdj krdsvtsvaxkrh 9addfrxfe: pfxxfvw wydj aw ˛ ¹ = > ?. M swx ekadvkxkdw avf tpadfe acszf xjf cawf pfxxfv {kxj {jkdj xjf} avf awwsdkaxfe. A gf{, js{fzfv, avf tpadfe cfps{ kx (aw “) sv xjvsyhj kx (aw B). 1 Laxkr pfxxfvw dsqf kr ps{fv-dawf are yttfv-dawf zfvwksrw. -
Unicode Alphabets for L ATEX
Unicode Alphabets for LATEX Specimen Mikkel Eide Eriksen March 11, 2020 2 Contents MUFI 5 SIL 21 TITUS 29 UNZ 117 3 4 CONTENTS MUFI Using the font PalemonasMUFI(0) from http://mufi.info/. Code MUFI Point Glyph Entity Name Unicode Name E262 � OEligogon LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE WITH OGONEK E268 � Pdblac LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH DOUBLE ACUTE E34E � Vvertline LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH VERTICAL LINE ABOVE E662 � oeligogon LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE WITH OGONEK E668 � pdblac LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH DOUBLE ACUTE E74F � vvertline LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH VERTICAL LINE ABOVE E8A1 � idblstrok LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TWO STROKES E8A2 � jdblstrok LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH TWO STROKES E8A3 � autem LATIN ABBREVIATION SIGN AUTEM E8BB � vslashura LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH SHORT SLASH ABOVE RIGHT E8BC � vslashuradbl LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH TWO SHORT SLASHES ABOVE RIGHT E8C1 � thornrarmlig LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN LIGATED WITH ARM OF LATIN SMALL LETTER R E8C2 � Hrarmlig LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H LIGATED WITH ARM OF LATIN SMALL LETTER R E8C3 � hrarmlig LATIN SMALL LETTER H LIGATED WITH ARM OF LATIN SMALL LETTER R E8C5 � krarmlig LATIN SMALL LETTER K LIGATED WITH ARM OF LATIN SMALL LETTER R E8C6 UU UUlig LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE UU E8C7 uu uulig LATIN SMALL LIGATURE UU E8C8 UE UElig LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE UE E8C9 ue uelig LATIN SMALL LIGATURE UE E8CE � xslashlradbl LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH TWO SHORT SLASHES BELOW RIGHT E8D1 æ̊ aeligring LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH RING ABOVE E8D3 ǽ̨ aeligogonacute LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH OGONEK AND ACUTE 5 6 CONTENTS -
A Practical Guide to LATEX Tips and Tricks
Luca Merciadri A Practical Guide to LATEX Tips and Tricks October 7, 2011 This page intentionally left blank. To all LATEX lovers who gave me the opportunity to learn a new way of not only writing things, but thinking them ...Claudio Beccari, Karl Berry, David Carlisle, Robin Fairbairns, Enrico Gregorio, Stefan Kottwitz, Frank Mittelbach, Martin M¨unch, Heiko Oberdiek, Chris Rowley, Marc van Dongen, Joseph Wright, . This page intentionally left blank. Contents Part I Standard Documents 1 Major Tricks .............................................. 7 1.1 Allowing ............................................... 10 1.1.1 Linebreaks After Comma in Math Mode.............. 10 1.2 Avoiding ............................................... 11 1.2.1 Erroneous Logic Formulae .......................... 11 1.2.2 Erroneous References for Floats ..................... 12 1.3 Counting ............................................... 14 1.3.1 Introduction ...................................... 14 1.3.2 Equations For an Appendix ......................... 16 1.3.3 Examples ........................................ 16 1.3.4 Rows In Tables ................................... 16 1.4 Creating ............................................... 17 1.4.1 Counters ......................................... 17 1.4.2 Enumerate Lists With a Star ....................... 17 1.4.3 Math Math Operators ............................. 18 1.4.4 Math Operators ................................... 19 1.4.5 New Abstract Environments ........................ 20 1.4.6 Quotation Marks Using