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The Art of War in the Middle Ages, A.D. 378-1515
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/artofwarinmiddleOOomanuoft otl^xan: ^rt§e ^ssag 1884 THE ART OF WAR IN THE MIDDLE AGES PRINTED BY HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY THE ART OF WAR [N THE MIDDLE AGES A.D. 37^—15^5 BY C. W. C. OMAN, B.A. FELLOW OF ALL SOULS COLLEGE WITH MAPS AND PLANS OXFORD B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 BROAD STREET LONDON T. FISHER UNWIN, 26 PATERNOSTER SQUARE 1885 [^// rights reserved '\ O/M The Author desires to acknowledge much kind help received in the revision and correction of this Essay from the Rev. H. B. George, of New College, and Mr. F. York Powell, of Christ Church. 6/ 37 05 , — — CONTENTS. PAGE ' Introduction . i CHAPTER 1. The Transition from Roman to Medieval forms in War (a.d. 378-582). Disappearance of the Legion.—Constantine's reorgajiization. The German tribes . — Battle of Adrianople.—Theodosius accepts its teaching.—Vegetius and the army at the end of the fourth century. —The Goths and the Huns. Army of the Eastern Empire.— Cavalry all-important . 3— 14 CHAPTER n. The Early Middle Ages (a.d. 476-1066). Paucity of Data for the period.—The Franks in the sixth cen- tury.—Battle of Tours.—^Armies of Charles the Great. The Franks become horsemen.—The Northman and the Magyar.—Rise of Feudalism.—The Anglo-Saxons and their wars.—The Danes and the Fyrd.—Military importance of the Thegnhood.—The House-Carles.—Battle of Hastings . Battle of Durazzo 15 — 27 W — VI CONTENTS. -
Hiperboreea Journal
HHIIPPEERRBBOORREEEEAA JJOOUURRNNAALL Journal of History Vol. III, No. 1 June 2016 Bucharest 2016 https://biblioteca-digitala.ro HHIIPPEERRBBOORREEEEAA JJOOUURRNNAALL Journal of History Vol. III, No. 1 June 2016 Bucharest 2016 https://biblioteca-digitala.ro ADVISORY BOARD Ph.D. Professor Ecaterina Lung (University of Bucharest) Ph.D. Professor Marian Petcu (University of Bucharest) Ph.D. Professor Anca Irina Ionescu (University of Bucharest) Ph.D. Associate Professor Luminiţa Diaconu (University of Bucharest) Ph.D. Assistant Professor Ioana Munteanu (University of Bucharest) Ph.D. Senior Researcher Adrian Ioniță (“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, Romanian Academy) Ph.D. Research Coordinator, Zoran Ladić (The Department of Historical Sciences of the Institute of Historical and Social Sciences in Zagreb, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts) Ph.D. Professor, Sc. Hist. Valeria Fol (Institute of Balkan Studies and Centre of Thracology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) Ph.D. Associate Professor Carsten Selch Jensen (Department of Church History, Faculty of Theology, University of Copenhagen) EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief: Ph.D. Student Mihai Dragnea (“Nicolae Iorga” Institute of History, Romanian Academy) Editors: Ph.D. Ovidiu Nedu (“Paul Păltănea” History Museum of Galaţi) Ph.D. Associate researcher Marco Cassioli (Telemme Laboratory, University of Aix- Marseille) Ph.D. Student Constantin Zamfir (University of Bucharest) Ph.D. Student Jillian Mary Mitchell (University of Wales Trinity Saint David) Hiperboreea (ISSN 2284 – 5666) is an online scholarly journal which publishes studies and articles in English, French, German, Spanish or Italian from the field of History as well as book reviews or evaluations of scholarly conferences. Without limiting the scope of the research to a particular geographical area or historical period, the journal covers a wide range of interdisciplinary approaches and analyses on topics related to Cultural History, Political History, Military History, Social History, Economic History and Archeology. -
RIVISTA John Ruskin in Venice 2018-2019
Friuli: A Frontier Region Immigration in Italy The Fosse Ardeatine Massacre RIVISTA John Ruskin in Venice 2018-2019 The Magazine of Dear readers n this issue we go from the North to the South of Italy exploring the region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Ia beautiful garden on Lake Maggiore and then to Sicily to focus on migration issues. We stop in Venice on the way, visiting the Ruskin exhibition at the Palazzo Ducale and, on a more sombre note, the Fosse Ardeatine in Rome. Ancient Rome is the subject of a new book which you will find reviewed on page 21. Back in England we look at Italian influences on London life, review an exhibition about Italian connections in Hull and consider the complexities of adapting an Italian libretto to be Vanessa Hall-Smith Linda Northern sung in English. As usual we include a summary of all the events that have taken place in the course of have given such valuable and constructive feedback. the year. We are handing over to Sandra Fox and Philippa Leslie and wish them every success in their new role. This is the last issue of Rivista that we will edit – after We hope it will be as rewarding and as much fun for five years it’s time to move on. We remain enormously them as it has been for us. grateful to our contributors, to all those involved in the production of Rivista and to you, our readers, who Linda Northern and Vanessa Hall-Smith Cover photo: Detail of mosaic in San Vitale, Ravenna showing Emperor Justinian 1 Contact British-Italian Society Events and Membership Secretary Elisabetta Murgia [email protected] Rivista Editors [email protected] Rivista is published by the British-Italian Society No 401 2018/19 www.british-italian.org Designed by JASDesign [email protected] Printed by Bishops [email protected] At Bishops we are fully committed to printing responsibly and respecting our environment in all of our business practices. -
Dietrich Von Bern and “Historical” Narrative in the German Middle Ages
1 Dietrich von Bern and “Historical” Narrative in the German Middle Ages: An Investigation of Strategies for Establishing Credibility in Four Poems of the Middle High German Dietrichepik by Jonathan Martin Senior Honors Thesis Submitted for German and MEMS, March 26th, 2010 Advised by Professor Helmut Puff © Jonathan Seelye Martin 2010 2 Acknowledgements My special thanks are owed to Dr. Helmut Puff, who has made his advice, time, and considerable knowledge available to me throughout the process of writing this thesis. He has steered me away from many misconceptions and improved my writing for clarity and style. It is very much thanks to him that this thesis appears in the form that it currently does. I also must thank him for repeatedly reminding me that one is never fully satisfied with an end product: there is always something left to improve or expand upon, and this is especially true of an overly ambitious project like mine. In a large part due to his wonderful help, I hope to continue working on and improving my knowledge of this topic, which at first I despised but have come to love, in the future. My thanks also go out to Drs. Peggy McCracken, Kerstin Barndt, George Hoffmann, and Patricia Simons, who have at various times read and commented on drafts of my work and helped guide me through the process of writing and researching this thesis. My other professors and instructors, both here and at Freiburg, have also been inspirations for me, and I must especially thank Maria “Frau” Caswell for teaching me German, Dr. -
The Dredgings April 2021
April,2021 Volume 32,Issue 7AS LV Being the Voiceofthe Barony ofLochmere in the KingdomofAtlantia, SCA,Inc. Inside thisissue ArtsandSciences .........................3 Foodfor Thought.........................6 Composerʼs Corner.....................7 HistoryHighlights.........................9 Comparative Balance Statement......................................11 Income Statement ...................12 Table of Contents Their Excellencies..............................2 Lochmere Calendar of Events........2 Atlantia Calendar of Events ............2 Information on the Dredgings 2 Their Excellencies ....... Attention Lochmere Officers..........2 This Month in History .......................3 Greetings Lochmere, Arts and Sciences...............................3 New Member Information ...............4 Baronial Reoccurring Activities ....4 We're excited that as we write this almost every branch in Populace Meeting Minutes..............4 Food for Thought...............................6 Atlantia is currently in Phase 0! Our Kingdom Earl Composersʼ Corner...........................7 History Highlights..............................9 Marshal, Sir Joselin, has also recently published an outline for Lochmere Officers Listing............10 Lochmere Baronial Champions ..10 reopening marshal activities at phase 0. You can expect to see Comparative Balance Statement 11 Income Statement...........................12 updates from our Knight Marshal soon as we make plans for Information of the Dredgings implementing these new procedures here in Lochmere. That -
The Art of War in Italy, 1494-1529
w I CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS C. F. CLAV, Manager LONDON : FETTER LANE, E.C.4 NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN CO. BOMBAY ] CALCUTTA ,- MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD. MADRAS ) TORONTO : THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TOKYO : MARUZEN KABUSHIKI- KAISHA RIGHTS RESERVED THE ART OF WAR IN ITALY 1494-1529 BY F. L. TAYLOR, M.A., M.C. ST John's college, Cambridge T1^:}(CE COO^SORT T1{IZE ESSJr 1920 CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS I 9 2 I Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/artofwarinitaly100taylrich NOTE WISH to thank Mr C. W. Previte-Orton, M.A., I Fellow of St John's College, for much advice and encouragement in the preparation of these pages. I also wish to place on record my indebtedness to the Acton Library. Owing to the generosity of Viscount Morley this valuable collection of the books of our late Regius Professor is now housed at the University Library, and but for its presence there the greater part of my essay could not have been written at Cambridge. F. L. T. September 1920. 520339 CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. INTRODUCTION I II. STRATEGY lo III. INFANTRY 29 IV. CAVALRY 6l V. ARTILLERY 81 VI. TACTICS 103 VII. FORTIFICATION AND SIEGECRAFT . .129 VIII. MILITARY WRITERS 156 APPENDIX A: THE BATTLE OF RAVENNA . 180 NOTES TO APPENDIX A . .205 APPENDIX B: BOOKS CONSULTED . .216 INDEX 225 MAPS I. Italy II. Plan of the walls of Verona III. The battlefield of Ravenna IV. Diagrams representing four phases of the BATTLE of RaVENNA Ardet incxcita Ausonia atque immobilis ante; pars pedes ire parat campis, pars arduus altis pulverulentus equis furit; omnes arma requirunt. -
The Story of Rome Digna Locus Roma Est Quo Deus Omnis Eat
The Story of Rome Digna locus Roma est quo Deus omnis eat. Ovid. Ail rights reserved .^•-' V '^K*/ 1 fefe^BBQEIMGtBWfflSlIM <;s*///S//> Kac The Story of ROME by Norwood Young Illustrated by Nelly Erich<sen London: / M. I hilt CT Co. Aldine House, 29 and 30 Bedford Street Covent Garden W.C. * * 1901 1) i'v PREFACE THE story of Rome covers an area so vast that it would be pedantic on my part to apologise for the omissions which will be observed on every page of this little book. It is, of necessity, an abridgment of the work of many authors and many volumes. The small space at my disposal has made it impossible to add to the story of Christianity in Rome any adequate consideration of Roman churches, museums and ruins. I have devoted one chapter, the second, to a slight sketch of the remains lying in the neighbourhood of the Colosseum and Forum Romanum, and I have mentioned the more important of the recent sensational discoveries, but it is too early yet to dogmatise as to their exact significance. Ex- cavation is still being keenly pursued, and new finds may at any moment negative the opinions already formed. Such other topographical references as the book contains will be found in the last chapter, and in the Appendix, which has a few practical suggestions as to hotels, etc., an itinerary for the hurried visitor, a short list of books, and a very brief statement of the more interesting objects to be found in some of the most important churches. -
The 1St Intallment In
1 Gunnar HEINSOHN [JUNE 2020] R A V E N N A A N D C H R O N O L O G Y: STRATIGRAPHY VERSUS HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE FIRST MILLENNIUM. I Can Ravenna, ‘Capital of Late Antiquity’, make up for Rome's missing archaeology between the 230s and 930s AD? 2 II Ravenna’s assumed first collapse in the 3rd century, later followed by the collapses of the 6th and 10th century 17 III Artificial extensions of Late Antiquity’s chronology through the multiple use of identical historical sequences 28 IV Why do 5th/6th c. Ostrogothic elites continue to live in Roman-style elite houses of the 2nd/3rd c. Severan period? 38 V Why are Ravenna's monuments of the 5th/6th century constructed like a palimpsest with bricks of the 2nd/3rd century? 44 VI Why is Justinian (520s-560s AD), who cooperated with Severan emperors (190s-230s AD), dated more than 300 years later? 54 VII Can Germany and Aachen, ‘Capital of the Early Middle Ages’, provide the settlement layers missing in Ravenna? 62 VIII The fall of Roman Civilization and the destruction of Ravenna 83 IX Summary 92 X Bibliography 94 Acknowledgements. Address 100 2 I Can Ravenna, ‘Capital of Late Antiquity’, make up for Rome's missing archaeology between the 230s and 930s AD? Okay, concede critical readers of The Stratigraphy of Rome (Heinsohn 2018 b), we understand that, between the 230s and 930s AD, the supposedly eternal city did not build new apartments, latrines, aqueducts, sewers, streets, ports, bakeries or kitchens. -
Table of Contents
Contents Publisher’s Note . xi Contributors . xv Keyword List of Contents . xix List of Maps, Tables, and Sidebars . xxxiii Maps of the Renaissance & Early Modern Era . xxxvii 1450’s Mid-15th century, Foundation of the Saud Dynasty . 1 1450’s-1471, Champa Civil Wars . 3 1450’s-1529, Thai Wars . 5 1451-1526, Lodi Kings Dominate Northern India . 7 1454, China Subdues Burma . 10 1454-1481, Rise of the Ottoman Empire . 12 April 9, 1454, Peace of Lodi . 15 1455-1485, Wars of the Roses . 18 1456, Publication of Gutenberg’s Mazarin Bible . 21 1457-1480’s, Spread of Jfdo Shinshn Buddhism . 24 February 11, 1457, Restoration of Zhengtong . 27 April 14, 1457-July 2, 1504, Reign of Stephen the Great. 30 1458-1490, Hungarian Renaissance. 32 1459, R3o Jodha Founds Jodhpur . 36 1460’s Early 1460’s, Labor Shortages Alter Europe’s Social Structure . 38 1460-1600, Rise of the Akan Kingdoms . 41 1462, Founding of the Platonic Academy. 43 c. 1462, Kazak Empire Is Established. 46 1462, Regiomontanus Completes the Epitome of Ptolemy’s Almagest . 48 1463-1479, Ottoman-Venetian War . 51 c. 1464-1591, Songhai Empire Dominates the Western Sudan . 53 1465-1487, Reign of Xianzong . 56 July 16, 1465-April, 1559, French-Burgundian and French-Austrian Wars . 58 October 19, 1466, Second Peace of Thorn . 61 1467, End of King Par3kramab3hu VI’s Reign . 65 1467-1477, bnin War . 67 1469-1481, Reign of the Ava King Thihathura . 69 1469-1492, Rule of Lorenzo de’ Medici . 71 1469-1508, Ak Koyunlu Dynasty Controls Iraq and Northern Iran . -
GIPE-002798-Contents.Pdf (1.868Mb)
. ... ~:: Dhananjayarao Gadgil Libmy Ilmlll~11 mil D~ mlllmll~1111 GIPE-PUNE-002798 NORTH AMERICA 1875 ~istorual (ourst for .sc~oDIs GENERAL 5.KETCH OF EUROPEAN HISTORY BY EDWARD A FREEMAN, D.C.L., LL.D., , LAya FELLOW o. TIlP'ITY COLLEGE. OXFORD; C.:JID.ESPOYDIJlfG MBlIBEJl OF THB IJiPERJAL ACADIDIY OP SCJBJrfCES O' SAUlT P8T2aSBUItG 1[onboll MACMILLAN AND CO. AND NEW YORK 1895 p,.i"led 6y RlCHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIM1TED, LONDON, September, 1872, Repn'"led February 1873. July 1873, October 1873. Revised Edition, WIth Index and new ,Maps, June 18]4, RejriHted 1876, 1877, 1878. 1880, 1582. 188S. 1887. 1889, 18g1, 1893, 18gS. PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION . •THE present edition has been thoroughly revised throughout. A Chronological Table, a full Index, ,and several Maps, illustrating historical Geography at different periods, have been added. In such a mass of names and. dates it is impossible wholly to avoid slips both of the pen and of the press. I have tried to correct all that I found in earlier editions; but I fear that some may have escaped me. I shall be sincerely thankful to an} one who will point out to me any that he may come across. SOMEB.LEAZE, WELLS ApriI3"!, 1876; PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. THE object oC the present series is to put Corth .1e3.1 and correct views of history in simple language, and in the smallest space and cheapest Corm in which it could be done. It is meant in the first place Cor schools j but it is often found that a book for sch,!ols proves useful for other readers as well, and it is hoped that this may be the case with the little books the first instalment of which is now given to the world. -
DIETRICH VON BERN: GERMANIC HERO OR MEDIEVAL KING? on the SOURCES of DIETRICHS FLUCHT and RABENSCHLACHT Dietrichs Flucht And
Neophilologus (2007) 91:243–259 Ó Springer 2007 DOI 10.1007/s11061-006-9010-3 DIETRICH VON BERN: GERMANIC HERO OR MEDIEVAL KING? ON THE SOURCES OF DIETRICHS FLUCHT AND RABENSCHLACHT NORBERT VOORWINDEN R. v. Rijnlaan 20, 2343 SV, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands Abstract The so-called historical Dietrich epics Dietrichs Flucht and Rabenschlacht, composed in the 13th century, are generally considered to relate stories about Theodoric the Great, King of Italy from 493 till 526, based either on an oral tradition of more than six hundred years or on written sources such as chronicles. An analysis of the texts, however, shows that many of the geographical names occurring in the poems and many of the events described rather seem to reflect the political situation during the reign of Emperor Frederic II (1212–1250). Introduction Dietrichs Flucht and Rabenschlacht are the two most important poems of the so-called ‘‘historical’’ Dietrich epics.1 They were written in the second half of the 13th century and pretend to recount the story of Dietrich von Bern who may be identified with the Ostrogoth Theodoric the Great, King of Italy between 493 and 526. In Dietrichs Flucht Dietrich’s uncle Ermrich invades his king- dom, which comprises Lombardy, Istria, Friuli, and the Inn Valley. In spite of his victory in a battle at Milan Dietrich abandons his realm to Ermrich to save the lives of seven of his men captured by the enemy and takes refuge with King Etzel of the Huns. He twice returns to Italy and defeats Ermrich in battles near Milan, Ravenna and Bologna, with armies supplied by Etzel, but withdraws after every victory to King Etzel’s court. -
Fortune, Misfortune, and the Decline of the Machiavellian Heroic Model of Military Glory in Early-Modern Europe
DOI 10.6094/helden.heroes.heros./2018/01/02 Andrea Guidi 15 Fortune, Misfortune, and the Decline of the Machiavellian Heroic Model of Military Glory in Early-Modern Europe In Art of War, Niccolò Machiavelli set the foun- contemporary drawings and engravings share dations of a debate destined to influence military Machiavelli’s view on infantry as expressed in his thinking for centuries. The discussion of the rela- account of Ravenna, which contributed to shap- tionship between theory and practice in warfare ing the image of the foot soldier as a brutal yet preoccupied Renaissance and early modern powerful force that needs to be disciplined and military writers, as did the question of whether trained in order to be ‘heroic’. Secondly, Machia- or not the theories of the ancients are useful to velli’s writings present us with models of indi- military commanders.1 Machiavelli developed vidual heroism which are highly ambiguous. As his military theory as former Secretary of the an in-depth analysis of the character of Fabrizio Chancery of the Florentine Republic, and, in this Colonna in Art or War will demonstrate, the role, authored a project for the introduction of a Machiavellian notion of individual heroism is not peasant militia in Tuscany. According to his mili- essentialist, but context dependent. The Machia- tary theory and practice, the military and political vellian hero is not defined by well-established orders of the ancients are capable of stimulating military qualities such as fearlessness and cour- an interaction between the people, the state and age, but rather by the idea of ‘glory’ conceived the military institutions.