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GIPE-002798-Contents.Pdf (1.868Mb) . ... ~:: Dhananjayarao Gadgil Libmy Ilmlll~11 mil D~ mlllmll~1111 GIPE-PUNE-002798 NORTH AMERICA 1875 ~istorual (ourst for .sc~oDIs GENERAL 5.KETCH OF EUROPEAN HISTORY BY EDWARD A FREEMAN, D.C.L., LL.D., , LAya FELLOW o. TIlP'ITY COLLEGE. OXFORD; C.:JID.ESPOYDIJlfG MBlIBEJl OF THB IJiPERJAL ACADIDIY OP SCJBJrfCES O' SAUlT P8T2aSBUItG 1[onboll MACMILLAN AND CO. AND NEW YORK 1895 p,.i"led 6y RlCHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIM1TED, LONDON, September, 1872, Repn'"led February 1873. July 1873, October 1873. Revised Edition, WIth Index and new ,Maps, June 18]4, RejriHted 1876, 1877, 1878. 1880, 1582. 188S. 1887. 1889, 18g1, 1893, 18gS. PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION . •THE present edition has been thoroughly revised throughout. A Chronological Table, a full Index, ,and several Maps, illustrating historical Geography at different periods, have been added. In such a mass of names and. dates it is impossible wholly to avoid slips both of the pen and of the press. I have tried to correct all that I found in earlier editions; but I fear that some may have escaped me. I shall be sincerely thankful to an} one who will point out to me any that he may come across. SOMEB.LEAZE, WELLS ApriI3"!, 1876; PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. THE object oC the present series is to put Corth .1e3.1 and correct views of history in simple language, and in the smallest space and cheapest Corm in which it could be done. It is meant in the first place Cor schools j but it is often found that a book for sch,!ols proves useful for other readers as well, and it is hoped that this may be the case with the little books the first instalment of which is now given to the world. The present volume is meant to be introductory to the whole course. It is intended to give, as its name im. plies, a general sketch of the history of the civilized world, that is, of Europe and of the lands which have drawn their civilization from Europe. Its object is to trace out the general relations of different periods and different countries to one another, without going minutely into the affairs of any particular country, least of ~ into those of our own. This is an object of the first importance, for, without clear notions of PREFACE. general history, the history of particular countries can nev6- be rightl}" understood. This General Sketch I will be followed 'by a serles of special histories of par­ ticular countries, which will take for granted the main principles laid <fown in the General Sketch. In this series it is hoped in time to take in short histories of all the chief countries of Europe and America, giving the results of the latest historical researches in as simple a form as may be. Those of Dgland and Scotland will shortly follow the present introductory volume, ·and other authors are at work on other parts of the plan. The several members of the series will all be so far under the supervision of the Editor as to secure general ac­ curacy of statement, and a general harmony of plan and sentiment. But each book will be the original work of its own author, and each author will be responsible for his own ·treatment of the smaller details. For his own share of the work the Editor has, besides the General Sketch, taken the histories of Rome and Switzerland. The others will be put into the hands of various writers, on whose know. ledge and skill he believes that he can rely. SOllllUU.E.UB, WltLl.s, AIIG'''' 2J, 1872. CONTENTS. CHAP'l"'ER L Il1GnI or THE XAnon • • . - . CHAPTEll IL .1 CHAPTEll IlL 49 CHAP'TER IV. lilt HUTBDf ElIPllUt • • • • • CHA.PTER V. lilt unl' CJmlS'l'LUI ElIPIIlE. • CHAPTER \"L HE aOJlAlf EJiPfRE L'I THE 1tAS1'. • • • • • II S CHAPTER VIL Hlt RA.'tIlSB ElIPDlK. • • • • • • • • • 130 CHAPTER VTIL BE SAXO:or EJlnllOIIS • • • • • • • • • . uti x CONTENTS. CHAPTER IX \ PAC. THE FRANCONlAN EMPERORS. • • JS~ CHAPTER X. GENERAL VIEW OF TltE MIDDLE AGES • • • • 168 CHAPTER XI. THE SWABIAN EMPERORS • • • • • • • • • 184 CHAPTER XII. THI DECLINE OF THE EMPIRE • • • • • • • 209 CHAPTER XIII. THE GREATNESS OF SPAIN. • • • • 244 CHAPTER XIV. THE GREATNESS OF FRANCE • • • • :l9J CHAPTER XV. THE RISE OF RUSSIA. • • • • • • • • • • 316 CHAPTER XVI. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. • • • • • • • • 339 CHAPTER XVII. THE REUNION OF GERMANY AND ITALY. LIST OF MA PS. NORTH AMB8.ICA 1111 1875. Front. THB GUEIt C9LONIES • To face Jare 25 DOMIIIIIO!fS 0'6 ALI!XAIIIDIIIl AIIID HIS SUCCESSOI!.S" • 43 THB )U!DlTEIlIlANI!AIII LANDS AT THB BBGINNIIIIG OF THII SBCOIIID PUNIC WAIl • • " ROMAN EMPIIlB AT ITS GIlII.ATBST EXTENT. 91 II.UIlOPE AT III11D 0'6 5TH CKNTURY 109 BUIOPE VNDBI JUSTINIAN 118 DOMIIIIIOIIIS OF TllII BAIlLY CALIPHS 125 EUROPE UIIIDEI CIIAIlLES THB GllEA'r • 135 EUROPE AT THE END OF THE 9TH CENTURY. 139 EUROPE 1111 THE 12TII CEIIITUIlY 166 EUROPB TOWARDS THE END OF THB 14TH CBNTURY. EUROPE UNDRE CHARLES THB FIFTH THB SPAIIIISH AND PORTUGUESB COLONIES EUROPE UNDER LEWIS THE 14TH. EUROPE UNDBR BUONAPAIlTil EUROPE ACCORDING• TO TREATY OF VIENNA J!VIlOPE till 1871 " CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. B.C. 'It[essenian W us 743-66a Solon gives laws to Athens • 594 ,Peisistratos, Tyrant of Athens 560-5!a7 Sardis laken by Cyros. • • 546 Poems of Theognis of Megara 544 Babylon laken by Cyros • • 5aa Hippias driven out of Athens 510 The Tarqninii driven out of Rome. 510 Battle of MarathOn. • • • • • 490 Battles of Thermopylai and Salamis 480 Battles of Plataia and Mykale • 479 Confederacy under Athens • • • 477 Leadership of Perikles at Athens • 444-4S119 Early Greek Dramatic Poets. • • 471a-3aa Beginning of the Peloponnesian Wu . 431 Thncydides, /I. • • • • • • • • C. 431-411 Xenophon, ft.. • • • • • • • • C. 410-362 Athenian expedition against Syramse • 415 Defeat of the Athenians • • • • 413 Dionysios I., Tyrant of Syracuse • • 406-367 BattIe of ~.potamos • • • • • 405 Government of the Thirty at Athens • 404 Deliverance of Athens by Thrasyboulos 403 Veli taken by Camillus " • • • 396 xiv CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. &ttle of the Allia ; Rome taken by the Gauls . • 3 Spartan eampa.i{:n.s in Asia Minor. • • •• 399-39.~ CorinthillU War'. • • • • • • • • • 39 Peace of Autalkidas • • • • • •• •• 3&1 Kadmeia of Thebes tnken by the Spartans • • •• 3al The Spartans drh-en out ~ Thebes; leadership of Pelo- "'1~ pidas and Epamein6ndas • • • • • .. Olynthian Confederacy suppressed by Sparta. 37 Battle of Leuktra • • • • • • • 3'1i Dionysios II., Tyrant of Syracuse. • •• 367-351 The Arkadian Lea"nue; foundation of M~orolis 36Sj Rf'Storation of M~~ • • • • • • • !6. Lu«'usoScxtius-firsttrl'lebeian Consul • • • ..eel Battle-or Mantineia;, death of Epamein&adas S6~ rhilip, King of Macedonia 35. Demosthen~ fl. ,', S56-3a9 OlyntllOS taken by Philip • 347 First Samnile War • 343 Latin'Var • • • • • 340 Battle of Chaironeia • • 33a AleJla!lder the Great, King of Macedonia, 336 Thebes destroyed by Alexander • 335 Battle of the Granikos. • • 334 Battle of Issos • • • • 33$ Foundation of Alexandria 339 Battle of Arbaa. • • 331 Second Samnite War. • 396 Death of Alexander • • 393 The Lamiu War • • • 393 Submission of Athens to Antipatros 399 Beginning of Kingdom of Percamos • .ao Agathokles, Tyrant of Syracuse c, 310-fi1a. Battle of Ipsos. • • • • • • • 301 Third Samnite War. • • • • • • .98-Sl90 I'yrrhos, King of Epeiros • • • • • ..5 894 D@m@trios Poliork@t~ King of Macedooia .- War between Pynhos and the RomllllS • 881 Gaulish ID\'&Sioa of Greece and Macedonia ._ .ao CHRO.VOLocrcAr.lABLit~~ , \"'~, ~\., - ~.':W ItniYal ollbe Achaiaa Leagw '\\'\1.).. C\~ 't 'WO :;.....rashSd·JrmentinAsia •• ~.eO .~~ ~'79 Ibuleol ~ ••••. 0 •• iQ\OV-' Death ol I'Jnbas at Alp • • . 0 0 • H,criia IL, King ol Spw:me. o. 7o-sJ8 r-mlPanic War • • • • • • • • ..........1 5il..-,6e joins the Achaiaa l.eag-.>e 0 • • • • 851 !We ol the Puthiaa Dyusly • • • • • • Sl50 o\nIos, GcDeraJ ol the Ac:baiaD I.coj;ue • • • 847 lIami1ar Bua.s. General ol the ~ 845 KI--es, Kmg ol Sputa. • • • • • sse War bdweea Rome aDd IlIyria. • • • • 889 War betweea Sputa aDd the Ac:baiaD Leope ~7 CoriatlI giwD up CD ~ oa.r.. U3 8anle ol Sdlasia • • • • • • • • • 881 Death ol Klrcwneo.k • • • • • • • 881 H2IIDibaI, GeDer:ol ol the ~ • 881 ~ Confedcnle War. • 880-817 Sn:ODd Panic War. • • 81a The Scipias in SpaiD. • • • • • • .18-806 Ibnle ol Lake Trasimene. '0 • • 817 &ttle ol C_. 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 818 Fint ".""""-jo- War. • 0 • 0 • 0 ° 81s.a05 Publi. CoroeIi18 Scipio in Africa. • • ° A08-AOI PhiIopoim&I. GeDer:ol ol the Achaiaa Laog..c aoa Ibnle at:lama. • • • • • • • 0 ° aoa Seeoad MJIaIdoaiaa War. • • • • • 0 800 Bau1e ol KJII05I<~ • 0 • • • • • 197 Dd"eat ol ADIiochas the Geat at TbenaopyIai • 191 ll.omaa CaDqaest ol ClSllpiDe Gal 191 Dd"eat ol Autiochas at )(~ 190 R..wa Cc.qucst ol ..£IoIia • 189 Po!ybios," • • • • • ~ C. 18.. 14. Third MJIaIdoaiaa Wu 171 The Lybuo l..e:&p:. 0 ° lea Eattle ol I'fu.. ° lea ThinlI'IDIic War • • ° 14. FomtJo )b......... ia. War • 14. ~aqdgnia o..x-es. a.- Pnmace 148 ni CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. D.e. '\Ariliage taken by the Romans. • • • • • • • 148 War between Iiome and Achaia; destruction of Corinth 146 AttaIos bequeofihs Pergamos to the Romans. 133 Roman Conquest of Numantia. • • • 133 Tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus • • • • 133 First Roman Province tn Transalpine Gaul Il15 Tribunate of Caius Grac:chus • • • • Il13 Jugurthine War •••••••• 111-106 Invasion of Gaul by Cimbri and Teutones 109 Cains Marius, Consul • • • • • • 107 Defeat of the Teutones at Aqwe Sextiao lOll Defeat of the Cimbri at Vercellie • 101 Tire Social War • • • • • • • 90 Civil War between Marius and Sulla 88-8l1 First Mithridatic: War. • • • • 88 Battles of Chair5neia and Orchomenos 87 DictatorshIp of Sulla • • 8:a Second Mithridatic War • • • 74-64 Roman Conquest of Syria 64 Jerusalem taken by Pompeins 63 58-51 Conquests of Czsar in Gaul • " Cresar's Invasions of Britain • 55-54 Parthian Expedition and Death of Crassus 54-53 Civil War of Pompeius and Czsar 49 Defeat of Pompeius at Pharsalos 48 Perpetual Dictatorship of Cresar 45 Death of Cresar • 44 Second Civil War • • • • • 43 Battle of Philippi • • • .' • 41.1 War between Czsar and Antonius.
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