Victorian Week Twenty One The Victorian Circle: Family, Friends Wed April 3, 2019 Institute for the Study of Western Civilization

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Victoria and Her Ministers

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 THE CHILDREN (9 born 1840-1857)

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Victoria Albert Edward (Bertie, King Ed VII) Alice Alfred Helena Louise Arthur Leopold Beatrice

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 with Princess Victoria, her first-born child. (1840-1901)

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Albert and Vicky

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Princess Victoria

1840-1901

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 1858 Marriage of eldest daughter Princess Victoria (Vicky) to “Fritz”, King Fred III of Albert and Victoria adored him.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Princess Victoria (Queen of Prussia) Frederick III and two of their children.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Queen Victoria with her first grandchild (Jan, 1858) Wilhelm, future Kaiser Wilhelm II

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Queen Victoria and Vicky, the longest, most continuous, most intense relationship of all her children. 5,000 letters, 60 years.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Little baby Bertie with Vickie

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Albert, Edward (Bertie) Prince of Wales age 5 in 1846 1841-1910)

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 1860 18 year old Prince of Wales goes to Canada and the USA

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 1860 Prince of Wales touring the USA and Canada (Niagara Falls) immensely popular, able to laugh and engage the crowds. They loved him.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 His closest friend in the whole world was his sister Alice to whom he could confide anything.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 1861 Bertie’s Fall: An actress, Nellie Clifden

6 Sept Curragh N. C. 1st time 9 Sept Curragh N. C. 2nd time 10 Sept Curragh N. C. 3rd time The discovery of these cryptic notes allows us to pinpoint exactly the date of Bertie’s “fall.” “N.C.” was Nellie Clifden, a lady of easy virtue who had followed the brigade from . Urged on by his fellow officers, Bertie escaped at night through the windows of his quarters, and made love to her in another officer’s hut. As his diary reveals, this took place not once but on three occasions. ThursdayApril 4, 2019 December 1861 The terrible death of Prince Albert

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 When the funeral was over, Victoria blamed Bertie for the death of his father: the scandal over Nellie Clifden killed him.

“I don’t mind telling you as an old friend … that what killed [Albert], was that dreadful business at the Curragh about Nellie Clifden.” Seymour pleaded that Bertie’s fall was the sort of error that few young men escaped, but the Queen was adamant: She could never forget that he had caused his father’s illness.” She said Bertie shows nothing of his father, “the others Princess Royal and Alfred in particular had just something of his look, but the Prince of Wales nothing and she could not help being relieved when he was gone from.” It was a horrilve thing for a grieving mother to tell her grieving son. But this she did.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 The Bride to Be: Princess Alexandra of

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 King Christian IX of Denmark and his 6 children

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Poet Laureate Alfred, Lord Tennyson, wrote an ode in Alexandra's honour: Sea King's daughter from over the sea, Alexandra! Saxon and Norman and Dane are we, But all of us Danes in our welcome of thee, Alexandra! ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Princess and the Prince of Wales, 1863

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Bertie and his bride. Victoria in mourning looking at bust of Albert

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Edward and Alexandra of Denmark on their wedding day 1863

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Thomas Longley, the Archbishop of Canterbury, married the couple on 10 March 1863 at St George's Chapel, . The choice of venue was criticized widely. As the ceremony took place outside London, the press complained that large public crowds would not be able to view the spectacle. Prospective guests thought it awkward to get to and, as the venue was small, some people who had expected invitations were disappointed. The Danes were dismayed because only Alexandra's closest relations were invited. The British court was still in mourning for Prince Albert, so ladies were restricted to wearing grey, lilac or mauve] As the couple left Windsor for their honeymoon at on the Isle of Wight, they were cheered by the schoolboys of neighbouring Eton College, including Lord Randolph Churchill.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 birth of Victoria's grandson Albert Victor 1864 six children Alfred Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha George Louise Victoria Maud John

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 In public, Alexandra was dignified and charming; in private, affectionate and jolly. She enjoyed many social activities, including dancing and ice-skating, and was an expert horsewoman. She also enjoyed hunting, to the dismay of Queen Victoria, who asked her to stop, but without success. Even after the birth of her first child, she continued to socialize much as before, which led to some friction between the queen and the young couple, exacerbated by Alexandra's loathing of Prussians and the queen's partiality towards them.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 "Eddy" 1864-1892

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 After two unsuccessful courtships, he was engaged to be married to Princess Mary of Teck in late 1891.

A few weeks later, he died during an influenza pandemic.

Mary later married his younger brother, who became King in 1910.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 King George V 1865-1936 King George V 1910-1936

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 birth of Victoria's grandson Albert Victor 1864 six children Alfred George Louise Victoria Maud John

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Sandringham

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Sandringham House is a country house on 20,000 acres (8,100 ha) of land near the village of Sandringham in Norfolk, England.[1][2] The house is privately owned by Queen Elizabeth II and is located on the royal Sandringham Estate, which lies within the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The landscaped gardens, park and woodlands surrounding the house are spectacular. The Royal Family visits regularly.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Victoria adored her daughter-in-law Alexandra

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 1860’s Victoria and Bertie Now begins her delicate maneuvers 1. she wants to withdraw to ostentatiously mourn Albert 2. but she wants to control everything 3. she most definitely does not want to cede one tiny bit of authority to her heir. 4. she now procedes to control every single action of Bertie & his wife in every single issue. Foreign travel had to be 100% under her control. And foreign travel meant foreign policy and foreign policy meant Prussia. Victoria was pro-Prussia. Bertie was married to Denmark. With her ministers she implied Bertie was too lazy to attend to correspondence (which was untrue) therefore he did not need to see it.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 1863 Schleswig- Crisis Alexandra from Denmark Vickie’s husband leads Prussian troops that invade Holstein and take it. Crisis in the family. The Queen sides with the Germans.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 1867 Bertie Paris for Universal Exposition Paris: city of sin and debauchery Here is born the Bon Vivant The philandering prince.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick 1861-1938

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 1901 King Edward VII 1901-1910

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 The Five Daughters: Vicky, Alice, Elena, Louise, Beatrice

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Princess Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse

Princess Alice her daughter Alix married the Czar of Russia

1843-1878 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Princess Helena with her brother Prince Alfred. (Alfie) The two were very close. Helena was Alfred's favorite sister

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Prince Christian and Princess Helena of Schleswig-Holstein 1865 (He lost his territory to the Prussians) They lived at Windsor much time.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Princess Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig- Holstein 1846-1923(77) Married Prince Christian They had long and happy marriage with six children. ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Princess Louise Duchess of Argyll 1848-1939 (91) died Dec 3, 1939 at Husband: John Campbell Duke of Argyll

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Portrait of Louise painted by her mother. Louise was the most beautiful of all the daughters.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Sculptor Henrietta Montalba ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Princess Louise the bride 1871

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Duke and Duchess of Argyll

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Duke and Duchess of Argyll in Canada opening

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Princess Louise 1900

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Princess Louise & Princess Beatrice out riding with Victoria

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom 1857-1944 (87) Princess Beatrice of Battenberg Victoria’s youngest child with her longer than any other of the children.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Beatrice's childhood coincided with Queen Victoria's grief following the death of her husband Albert, Prince Consort on December 14, 1861. As her elder married and left their mother, Queen Victoria came to rely on the company of her youngest daughter, whom she called "Baby" for most of her childhood. Beatrice was brought up to stay with her mother always and she soon resigned herself to her fate.e ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Prince Henry of Battenberg 1858-1896 (37)

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Queen Victoria agreed to the marriage on the condition that the couple should make their home with her. The Queen formally gave her consent to the marriage at a meeting of the Privy Council on 27 January 1885. They married in 1885

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Prince Henry died in Africa while there fighting with British forces. His body was brought home and he is buried on the Isle of Wight with his beloved Beatrice and one of their sons.

Prince Henry of Battenberg 1858-1896 (37)

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Beatrice lived on a widow for the next 48 years to1944

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Second Son Alfred (Alfie) 1844-1900 Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Became Duke in 1893 at the death of his Uncle Ernest Until then, the couple lived much time at the Court of his mother Victoria five children Alfred died of throat cancer in summer of 1900, six months before the death of his mother.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 The tragedy of young Alfie in 1899 1874-1899

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Prince Arthur Duke of Connaught 1850-1942 (91)

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Prince Arthur and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Park Bagshot Park is a royal residence located near Bagshot, a village 11 miles south of Windsor

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Prince Arthur & Princess Louise by John Singer Sargent

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Prince Leopold Duke of 1853-1884 (30)

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 One year marriage, 1882-1883, 2 children

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 The Death of Prince Leopold ALAS! noble Prince Leopold, he is dead! Who often has his lustre shed: Especially by singing for the benefit of Esher School, Which proves he was a wise prince. and no conceited fool.

Methinks I see him on the platform singing the Sands o’ Dee, The generous-hearted Leopold, the good and the free, Who was manly in his actions, and beloved by his mother; And in all the family she hasn’t got such another.

He was of a delicate constitution all his life, And he was his mother’s favourite, and very kind to his wife, And he had also a particular liking for his child, And in his behaviour he was very mild.

Oh! noble-hearted Leopold, most beautiful to see, Who was wont to fill your audience’s hearts with glee, With your charming songs, and lectures against strong drink: Britain had nothing else to fear, as far as you could think

A wise prince you were, and well worthy of the name, And to write in praise of thee I cannot refrain; Because you were ever ready to defend that which is right, Both pleasing and righteous in God’s eye-sight. And for the loss of such a prince the people will mourn,

ThursdayApril 4, 2019But, alas! unto them he can never more return, Because sorrow never could revive the dead again, Therefore to weep for him is all in vain. ’Twas on Saturday the 12th of April, in the year 1884, He was buried in the royal vault, never to rise more Until the great and fearful judgment-day, When the last trump shall sound to summon him away. When the Duchess of Albany arrived she drove through the Royal Arch,– A little before the Seaforth Highlanders set out on the funeral march; And she was received with every sympathetic respect, Which none of the people present seem’d to neglect. Then she entered the memorial chapel and stayed a short time, And as she viewed her husband’s remains it was really sublime, While her tears fell fast on the coffin lid without delay, Then she took one last fond look, and hurried away. At half-past ten o’clock the Seaforth Highlanders did appear, And every man in the detachment his medals did wear; And they carried their side-arms by their side, With mournful looks, but full of love and pride. Then came the Coldstream Guards headed by their band, Which made the scene appear imposing and grand; Then the musicians drew up in front of the guardroom And waited patiently to see the prince laid in the royal tomb. First in the procession were the servants of His late , And next came the servants of the Queen in deep mourning dress, And the gentlemen of his household in deep distress, Also General Du Pla, who accompanied the remains from Cannes. The coffin was borne by eight Highlanders of his own regiment, And the fellows seemed to be rather discontent For the loss of the prince they loved most dear, While adown their cheeks stole many a silent tear Then behind the corpse came the Prince of Wales in field marshal uniform, Looking very pale, dejected, careworn, and forlorn; Then followed great magnates, all dressed in uniform, And last, but not least, the noble Marquis of Lorne. The scene in George’s Chapel was most magnificent to behold, The banners of the knights of the garter embroidered with gold; Then again it was most touching and lovely to see The Seaforth Highlanders’ inscription to the Prince’s memory: It was wrought in violets, upon a background of white flowers, And as they gazed upon it their tears fell in showers; But the whole assembly were hushed when Her Majesty did appear, Attired in her deepest mourning, and from her eye there fell a tear. Her Majesty was unable to stand long, she was overcome with grief, And when the Highlanders lowered the coffin into the tomb she felt relief; Then the ceremony closed with singing “Lead, kindly light,” Then the Queen withdrew in haste from the mournful sight. Then the Seaforth Highlanders’ band played “Lochaber no more,” While the brave soldiers’ hearts felt depressed and sore; And as homeward they marched they let fall many a tear For the loss of the virtuous Prince Leopold they loved so dear.xt A New Friend: John Brown The trusted Scottish ghillie John Brown was sent for in the winter of 1864 to lead Victoria’s pony at Osborne. Her doctor had ordered Victoria to continue to ride, and in the Highlands she grew accustomed to Brown’s leading her: “A stranger would make me nervous…. Alas! I am now weak & nervous, & very dependent on those I am accustomed to & in whom I have confidence.” A tall, handsome, protective man, Brown cheered Victoria with his brawny authority and calm strength. He arrived in December.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 The Queen’s Stallion

Brown was a rude unmannerly fellow… but he had unbounded influence with the Queen whom he treated with little respect…. It was the talk of all the household that he was “the Queen’s Stallion.” He was a fine man physically, though coarsely made. —WILFRED SCAWEN BLUNT

God knows, how much I want to be taken care of. — QUEEN VICTORIA, 1865

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Victorian England Week Twenty One The Victorian Circle: Family, Friends, Ministers Wed April 3, 2019 Institute for the Study of Western Civilization

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019 1871 Royal Victoria Very Sick, Crisis: Then Bertie too At the end of 1871, Victoria fell ill— the worst she had felt since she had typhoid as a teenager. When she was still recovering, Bertie suddenly collapsed into a fever with symptoms eerily similar to those of Albert.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Crowds gather to await bulletins on health of Prince of Wales Its Seemed that he was dying.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 The miraculously the Prince of Wales Survived

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Feb 27, 1872

Prime Minister Gladstone leapt at the chance to capitalize on the revived affection for the monarchy and suggested a rousing thanksgiving service be held on February 27, 1872, in St. Paul’s Cathedral. Victoria was bored in the church, and found St. Paul’s “cold, dreary and dingy,” but the roars of millions who stood outside in the cold under a lead-colored sky made her triumphant, and she pressed Bertie’s hand in a dramatic flourish. It was “a great holy day” for the people of London, The Times declared gravely. They wished to show the queen she was as beloved as ever. Their delight at seeing her in person was as much a cause for celebration as Bertie’s recovery.

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Bertie Arrives St Pauls: Royal Family Surges in Popularity Millions Cheer in Streets, Thanksgiving Service St Pauls

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 Royal Family Gathers at St Pauls to Give Thanks, 1871

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 The Modern Monarchy: Pageantry, Glitter, Celebration This moment revealed something that Bertie would quickly grasp though his mother had not: the British public requires ceremony and pageantry, and the chance to glimpse a sovereign in finery. It was not a republic her subjects were hankering for, but a visible queen. As Lord Halifax said, people wanted their queen to look like a queen, with a crown and scepter: “They want the gilding for their money.”

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 But Disraeli’s first term as PM lasted only ten months. He was trounced by his greatest political rival, the Liberal William Gladstone, in the December election. Gladstone was an imposing, cerebral man with hawklike eyes, and strong Christian faith, whom Albert had approved of; their eldest sons had traveled together. Gladstone, often called “the People’s William,” was a popular, frugal chancellor who was intent on reform. What he lacked was the delicate tact required to manage a prickly sovereign — the kind of tact that men like Melbourne and Disraeli possessed. His wife had told him to “pet the Queen,” but he could not understand how. Nor was he able to explain policies in a simple way. He frequently baffled Victoria, who hated feeling stupid or patronized. Dean Wellesley tried to explain it another way: “You cannot show too much regard, gentleness, I might even say tenderness towards her.”

ThursdayApril 4, 2019 ThursdayApril 4, 2019