April,2021 Volume 32,Issue 7AS LV

Being the Voiceofthe Barony ofLochmere in the KingdomofAtlantia, SCA,Inc.

Inside thisissue

ArtsandSciences ...... 3 Foodfor Thought...... 6 Composerʼs Corner...... 7 HistoryHighlights...... 9 Comparative Balance Statement...... 11 Income Statement ...... 12 Table of Contents Their Excellencies...... 2 Lochmere Calendar of Events...... 2 Atlantia Calendar of Events ...... 2 Information on the Dredgings 2 Their Excellencies ...... Attention Lochmere Officers...... 2 This Month in History ...... 3 Greetings Lochmere, Arts and Sciences...... 3 New Member Information ...... 4 Baronial Reoccurring Activities ....4 We're excited that as we write this almost every branch in Populace Meeting Minutes...... 4 Food for Thought...... 6 Atlantia is currently in Phase 0! Our Kingdom Earl Composersʼ Corner...... 7 History Highlights...... 9 Marshal, Sir Joselin, has also recently published an outline for Lochmere Officers Listing...... 10 Lochmere Baronial Champions ..10 reopening marshal activities at phase 0. You can expect to see Comparative Balance Statement 11 Income Statement...... 12 updates from our Knight Marshal soon as we make plans for Information of the Dredgings implementing these new procedures here in Lochmere. That The Dredgings is a publication of the Barony of Lochmere of the being said, we hope everyone continues to stay safe and eases Society of Creative Anachronism, back into the SCA at their own pace. Inc. The Dredgings is a free publication and is available Until it is safe to meet at events again, we have been electronically. You may request a copy from the Barony of Lochmere continuing to explore the plethora of online events being Chronicler at lochmere.chronicler @gmail.com This newsletter is not a corporate hosted throughout Atlantia. Kingdom Arts and Science publication of the Society of Festival was a great example of what can still be done even Creative Anachronism, Inc., and does not delineate SCA policies. with an online only event. We participated in several of the ©2021, Society of Creative Anachronism, Inc. activities as did our Baronial A&S champion. Lady Katla For information on reprinting represented Lochmere in the Baronial Champions competition letter and artwork from this publication, please contact the as well as winning her category in the scribal challenge. If Barony of Lochmere Chronicler at [email protected], you also participated in KASF, we'd love to hear about your who will assist you in contacting the original creator of the piece. entry and experiences. Please respect the legal rights of the contributors. We also recently attended Caer Maer's Baronial Attention Lochmere Officers Investiture to help welcome Aedan and Aine to their new Make sure your information in this newsletter and website is correct. position as baronage. The Kingdom calendar is pretty sparse Contact Lady Katla Flokadottir at [email protected] in April, so we'll just be attending the Valencia Court at for The Dredgings and Lady Marta De Lyon at webminister@ Castell de Xativa. May is fast approaching and we're looking lochmere.atlantia.sca.org for the website. forward to Lochmere's event, Night On the Line. We can't Please submit your Baronial Report in advance of the business wait to see what our autocrats cook up for this event. We hope meeting via email to Sir Edgar Refskegg at seneschal@lochmere. to see you all On the Line. Happy Hours are still every atlantia.sca.org and the Chronicler, Lady Katla at Tuesday at 7:00pm, so feel free to stop by. [email protected] Thank You!

Front Cover Yours in Service, Da Costa hours, Illuminated by Simon Bening (1483/84–1561), Baroness Letia and Baron Linhart Ghent, Belgium, ca. 1515 Today in History April 1 Lady Marta’s 374 Halleyʼs Comet approaches within 0.0884 AUs of Earth 527 Byzantine Emperor Justin I names nephew Justinian I as co- ruler and successor to the throne Arts and Sciences April 2 Frankish Kingdom (d. 814) 999 Gerbert of Aurillac elected as Pray heed! Lochmere's Night 1st French Pope 1453 Turkish forces under Sultan on the Line is coming! There Mehmed II begin the siege of will be multiple opportunities Constantinople (İstanbul), which falls May 29 for artisans to bring their art, April 3 419 [Etalius] ends his reign as their science, and their Catholic Pope April 4 research! 1081 Alexius I Comnenus occupies Byzantine throne 1460 University of Basel in Not only will there be an Switzerland forms 1541 Ignatius of Loyola becomes opportunity to Display your 1st superior-general of Jesuits 1552 Mauritius van Saksen begins work for the kingdom and alliance with Karel Anikita Stroganov beyond, but if your heart 1558 Tsar Ivan IV gives parts of burns with the fire of North-Russia to fur traders 1581 Francis Drake knighted by competition there is a time Queen Elizabeth I aboard Golden Hind at Deptford for you as well. 1588 Christian IV succeeds Frederick II as King of Denmark April 5 With the opportunity to 456 Saint Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop display at a virtual Lochmere 823 Pope Peschalis I crowns Lotharius I as co-emperor of event for the first time, 1058 Bishop Giovanni "Minchus" artisans may submit as many ["the thin"] elected as Anti-Pope Benedict X works as they wish to display 1242 Alexander Nevsky of - just like if you had a spot at Novgorod defeats Teutonic Knights in the Battle of the Ice a display table in person 1424 Scottish King James I returns . to Scotland after 18 years of However, you may only detention at the English court 1566 200 Brussel nobles offer submit one entry to the Servants in a book of hours (BNF Margaretha of Parma a petition competition 1585 Clemens Crabbeels becomes . NAL 3116, fol. 1v), end of the 15th bishop of Hertogenbosch April 6 century 402 Battle at Pollentia: Roman I cannot wait to see what army under Stilicho beats Visigoten lovely entries we will get! 774 Charles the Great (Charlemagne) confirmed the gift to the Pope of the territories http://atlantia.sca.org/137- belonging events/167-event- to made by his father Pepin the Short at Quiercy-sur- flyer?event_id=585a1751 Loire in 753 1320 The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath 1327 Italian poet Petrarch 1st sets eyes on his beloved Laura 1385 John, Master of the Order of Aviz, is made King John I of Portugal 1516 A Willaert installed as singer of cardinal Ippolito I d'Este 1489 Hans Waldmann, Swiss military/mayor (Zurich), beheaded April 7 451 Attila's Huns plunder Metz Reoccurring Activities Populace Meeting Lord Ivanʼs Home First Monday of every month 511 Chad Avenue, Severn, MD 21144 7:15 pm Odenton Public Library Equestrian Practice 529 First draft of Corpus Juris 1325 Annapolis Road 10:00 am till? Civilis (fundamental work in Odenton, MD 21113 Meeting and potluck follows jurisprudence) issued by Eastern 2361 Rutland Rd , Roman Emperor Justinian I Fighter Practice (Heavy & Rapier) Davidsonville, MD 21035 1118 Pope Gelasius II Every Tuesday excommunicated Henry V, Holy 7:00 pm Lochmere Vocal and Music Group Roman Emperor Severn Christian Church Please contact Sir Aelfred of Cres 1348 Prague University, first 8132 New Cut Road , [email protected] university in central Europe, Severn, MD 21144 formed by Charles IV Arts and Sciences 1456 Louis van Bourbon becomes Archery Practice Lady Marta de Lyon prince-bishop of Luik Every Thursday (til time change) [email protected] 1498 Crowd storms Savonarola's convent San Marco Florence, 1509 France declares war on Venice 1521 Inquisitor-general Adrian Boeyens bans Lutheran books 1521 Portuguese navigator 's fleet reaches New Member Information Cebu 1524 Death: Philip of Burgundy, If you are new to the Barony of Lochmere, there websites may be of help: bishop of Utrecht 1534 Birth: Jose de Anchieta, Barony of Lochmere Homepage: Kingdom of Atlantia Online Event Page: Spanish jesuit/missionary http://www.lochmere.atlantia.sca.org https://virtual.atlantia.sca.org/calender.php (Brazilian Tupi-Indians) 1541 Francis Xavier leaves Lisbon on a mission to the Portuguese Barony of Lochmere Facebook Group: The Acorn, Atlantia’s Official Newsletter: East Indies http://www.facebook.com/groups/ http://www.acorn.atlantia.sca.org 1584 Ieper surrenders to duke LochmereSCA Van Parma April 8 Official SCA Homepage: 1093 The new Winchester Kingdom of Atlantia Homepage: http://www.sca.org Cathedral is dedicated by bishop http://www.atlantia.sca.org Walkelin You can also contact the Barony of Lochmere’s 1139 Roger II of Sicily is excommunicated Kingdom of Atlantia Event Page: Chatelain at: 1149 Pope Eugene III takes refuge http://www.atlantia.sca.org/events/atlantia- [email protected] in the castle of Ptolemy II of calender-events Tusculum 1195 Alexius III Angelus drives out brother Isaak II as Byzantine emperor 1320 Birth: Pedro I, King of Portugal (also called "the Just" or "the Cruel"), King of Portugal and of the Algarves (1357-67), Coimbra, Portugal (d. 1367) 1341 Petrarch crowned a poet on Populace Meeting Minutes the Capitoline Hill in 1378 Bartolomeo Prignano elected as Pope Urban VI Baron and Baroness: 1455 Alfonso de Borgia elected as ◆ Pope Callistus III Went to university and it went well - would encourage anyone to attend 1500 Battle at : King Louis ◆ Went to two events in one day which was a first XII beats duke Ludovico Sforza ◆ 1530 Holy Roman Emperor Curia happened this past weekend convenes Imperial Diet in German ◆ Kingdom Arts and Science event this weekend - our A&S Champion, Lady city of Augsburg to address Protestant tensions Katla, has entered card and cheese challenge, as well as Baronial Champion April 9 ◆ Thank you to the people stepping up in roles, especially Aine, Katla, and 193 Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the Edger! Shout out to Aelfred for all he done army in Illyricum ◆ If you have any ideas for classes please reach out to our A&S 475 Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus ◆ issues a circular letter (Enkyklikon) Still doing happy hours on Tuesdays - please come and hang out to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position Seneschal: 1241 Battle of Liegnitz - Mongol ◆ Curia was held and information was on Atlantia armies defeat Poles & Germans 1336 Birth: Tamerlane (Timur), Website - not much, pretty uneventful and boring, Turkic conqueror and founder of like it should be the Timurid Dynasty, Shahrisabz, ◆ Reopening - still in phase 0, numbers are starting to Uzbekistan (d. 1405) 1388 Battle of Näfels; Glarius come down Swiss defeat Habsburg (Austrian) ◆ army Maybe have outdoor fighter practice soon 1413 Henry V is crowned King of England. 1440 Christopher of Bavaria is appointed King of Denmark (1440-48) 1454 and Venice sign peace of Lodi Populace Meeting Minutes 1474 Breisach land guardian Peter von Hagenbach throws out Continued... Walloon and Italians 1483 Edward V (aged 12) Exchequer:(emailed report) succeeds his father Edward IV as ◆ Ledger Balance is $11,606.94, no change from last month king of England. He is never crowned, and disappears ◆ Submitting the Balance Statement and Income Statement to be published in presumed murdered, after the next issue of the Dredgings incarceration in the Tower of London with his younger brother ◆ Working on getting Edgar on the signature card for the Barony Richard April 10 837 Halleyʼs Comet approaches Minister of Arts and Sciences: within 0.0334 AUs of Earth ◆ Announced through online channels that we are holding an A&S challenge 847 St Leo IV begins his reign as Catholic Pope for Night on the Line 879 Louis III becomes King of West ◆ Can compete or just share Francia 1407 Lama Deshin Shekpa visits ◆ Working on Nalbinding class the Ming Dynasty capital at ◆ If you are interested in teaching a class please contact me and I will help Nanjing and is awarded the title Great Treasure Prince of Dharma you get it set up 1500 France captures duke Ludovico Sforza of Milan 1516 1st Jewish ghetto Chatelain: established: Venice compels Jews ◆ Voted in new Chatelain, Lady Aine d'Alton to live in a specific area 1552 Henri II of France occupies Metz Herald:Not in attendance 1589 Spanish troops conquer Geertruidenberg April 11 Minister of the Lists:Not in attendance 491 Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, Anastasius I 672 Deusdedit II begins his reign Knight Marshal: (deputy) as Catholic Pope 1079 Bishop Stanislaus of Krakow ◆ Deputy in attendance but has not been able to train up is executed by order of Bolesław II ◆ Will get with his excellency to clarify some of the requirements and or of Poland 1348 Andronikos IV Palaiologos, definitions Byzantine Emperor, born in Constantinople, Byzantine Empire (d. 1385) Archery/Thrown Weapons Marshal: 1471 Wars of the Roses: King ◆ Will be starting back up, with attendance restrictions, after the time change Edward IV of England seizes London from Henry VI 1512 : French Web Minister: forces under Gaston de Foix defeat the Holy League in a major ◆ Not much to update - last month updated everything on Wordpress battle of the ◆ Do we have anyone with equipment that is capable to do streaming online 1551 English premier John Dudley appointed Duke of within the Barony to do local events? Northumberland ◆ Looking out for volunteers to help us out 1564 Liege prince-bishop Robert van Bergen resigns 1567 Dutch prince William of Minister of Youth: Orange flees from Antwerp to Breda ◆ Background check complete and good for two years 1579 Venlo joins Union of Utrecht 1580 Drenthe joins Union of Utrecht Old Business: 1586 Birth: Pietro Della Valle, ◆ Battle on the Bay: Italian composer, Rome (d. 1652) April 12 ◆ Nothing to Report 65 Seneca the Younger, Roman ◆ Night on the Town:Night Under the Faie Moon philosopher, statesman and dramatist ◆ Postponed until 2022 238 Gordian II, Roman co- ◆ Night on the Town:Night on the Line Emperor with his father Gordian I, killed in battle at Carthage ◆ The Event has been spiked for May 22-23, 2021 238 Gordian I, Roman Emperor, ◆ On Target: suicide, after losing battle at Carthage and death of son ◆ Postponed until 2022 Gordian I ◆ Mid-Winter: 352 Julius I, pope (337-52), dies ◆ Lady Katla volunteered to autocrat - put up for a vote and passed New Business: ◆ Voted on Lord Edgar to be new Seneschal - passed Next Meeting: ◆ April 5, 2021 at 7:15 pm, online, details to follow Food For

April 17 1387 Geoffrey Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales" characters begin their pilgrimage to Thought Canterbury (according to scholars) 1492 signs April was a very busy month for the a contract with the Spanish monarchs to find the "Indies" with farmer. They needed to get the onions and the stated goal of converting leeks in the ground. It was the time of year people to Catholicism that the piglets were being born. Dairy April 18 work had begun as well. This time of year 310 St Eusebius begins his reign as Catholic Pope the cows would have had their calves and 387 Bishop Ambrosius of Milan the sheep have had their lambs which baptizes Augustinus meant they had milk to gather. A very, very, 1025 Bolesław Chrobry is crowned busy time around the farm for sure. in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland And if all of that were not enough, they 1506 The cornerstone of the had to continuously scare away the birds current St. Peter's Basilica is laid in from their newly planted crops. Oh, and of the Vatican by Pope Julius II course the never ending weeding around 1518 Bona Sforza is crowned queen consort of Poland the crops. 1521 Diet of Worms 1599 Valencia Archduke Albrecht of Austrian marries Isabella of April 19 607 Halleyʼs Comet approaches within 0.0898 AUs of Earth 1012 Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich, London 1451 Alam Shah of Delhi resigns Book of Hours (`Hours of Simon de Varie'; use of throne Paris). Guillaume Alecis (Alexis), Prayer to 1524 Pope Clement VII fires Neth Mary, Woman picking flowers inquisitor-general French Van de Holly 1529 2nd Parliament of Spiers The medieval twelve month calendar was bans Lutheranism broken down into labors, referred to as the 1591 Chartres surrenders to King Twelve Labors. The month of April was Henry IV in France April 20 known for planting, enjoying the country, 295 8th recorded perihelion and picking flowers. passage of Halley's Comet In the prologue to the Canterbury Tales, 850 Guntherus becomes bishop of Chaucer wrote about the month of April: Cologne 1139 2nd Lateran Council (10th Whan that aprill with his shoures ecumenical council) opens in soote Rome The droghte of march hath perced to 1505 Jews are expelled from the roote, Orange Burgundy by Philibert of Luxembourg And bathed every veyne in swich licour 1551 John Dudley becomes Earl Of which vertu engendred is the flour; Marshal of England 5 Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete April 21 breeth 1526 First Battle of Panipat 1073 Pope Alexander II buried and Inspired hath in every holt and heeth Ildebrando chosen as Pope Tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne Gregory VII Hath in the Ram his halve cours The Labours of the Months: April 1145 19th recorded perihelion yronne, Italian, Venetian passage of Halley's Comet 1164 Raynald of Dassel names And smale foweles maken melodye, Guido di Crema as anti-pope 10 That slepen al the nyght with open But in all honesty, farming was an all year Paschalis III ye round job with not much free time. There 1370 Building begins on the (So priketh hem nature in hir corages); was always something to do. You were Bastille fortress in Paris either getting ready to start something, 1500 Pedro Álvares Cabral is the Thanne longen folk to goon on first european to discover Brazil, pilgrimages, finish something, fix something, etc. etc. landing near Monte Pascoal, And palmeres for to seken straunge claims it for Portugal strondes, References: 1521 French King Francois I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ declares war on Spain To ferne halwes, kowthe in sondry 1526 1st slave revolt in the londes; Labours_of_the_Months American colonies occurs in South 15 And specially from every shires The Labors of April Carolina ende The Nidderdale farming year in the Middle 1529 Treaty of Saragossa Ages April 23 Of Engelond to Caunterbury they 1014 King Brian Boru of Ireland wende, Farming Year in Medieval Times or, defeats Viking forces at Battle of The hooly blisful martir for to seke, Farmer’s Odyssey During the Middle Ages Clontarf, freeing Ireland from That hem hath holpen whan that they foreign control and dies in the battle were seeke. 1028 German emperor Conrad II the Sailor crowns his son Henry III, king 1191 85-year old Giacinto Bobo becomes Pope Coelestinus III 1341 Sack of Saluzzo (Italy) by Italian-Angevine troops under Composer’s Manfred V of Saluzzo. 1361 Henry of Grosmont, the richest peer in England, is buried at the Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of Newarke, Leicester, with the royal family in attendance 1536 English King Henry VIII Corner expropriates minor monasteries 1544 Battle at Carignano Arcadelt’s first known compositions 1570 Polish Calvinists, Lutherans and Hernhutters unify against was a group of motets published in Jesuits Germany in 1531. He also wrote 1574 Battle of Mookerhei - D'Avila beats Louis of Nassau madrigals during this period. In 1538 April 15 he published his first book of madrigals. 69 Battle at Bedriacum, North- Italy Sadly, his first book of madrigals has 1205 Battle at Adrianople been lost. However, in 1539, he also 1250 Pope Innocent III refuses Jews of Cordova, Spain their wrote additional madrigals. A total of request to build a synagogue five volumes were published. His work 1250 Kublai is acclaimed the Great Khan by a Mongol Great Council also appeared in anthologies of the 1450 French defeat English at period. Battle of Formigny in 100 Years' War In 1539, Arcadelt moved to Rome 1493 Columbus meets with the where he sang Tenor in the Cappella Spanish monarchs Isabella I and Ferdinand II in Barcelona Giulia and was also the “Master of 1528 Pánfilo the Narváez, Spanish Boys” (Director of the Boys Choir). arrives in Florida with 350 men to a hostile 1540, he gained employment with Pope reception from native indians Paul the III as choirmaster in the Papal 1534 Thomas Cromwell is appointed Chief Secretary to King Chapel as well as a singer in the Papal Henry VIII of England choir. Sadly, Pope Paul died in 1549. 1581 Cortes van Thomar accepts Philip II as king of Portugal Two years after that, Arcadelt moved 1594 Fleming Pieter Stevens to France. He entered the service of appointed royal painter of Rudolf II (Prague) Cardinal Charles de Lorraine, Duc de 1595 Willem I's daughter of Guise. After moving to France, Elisabeth of Nassau marries duke Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne of Arcadelt seems to have practically Broth stopped writing madrigals and focused April 16 By Mistress Arianna Morgan 73 Masada, a Jewish fortress, falls on Chansons, apparently to please his to the Romans after several Patron. (A chanson is in general any months of siege, ending the Jacob Arcadelt Jewish Revolt 1504 -1568 lyric-driven French song, usually 556 Pelagius I begins his reign as polyphonic and secular.) He is credited Catholic Pope 1071 Bari falls to Robert Guiscard, This month we feature a far less with having written 126 Chansons. In ending Byzantine rule in Italy controversial composer than our last 1555, he earned the title of “regius 1346 The Serbian Empire is proclaimed in Skopje at an Easter two! Jacob Arcadelt, a Franco-Flemish musicus” (court musician). In 1557, he assembly and Stephen Uroš IV was a composer and singer of the became the choirmaster of the French Dušan crowned Emperor over much of the Balkans Renaissance period known primarily for royal chapel. It is believed that Arcadelt 1395 Azzo X d'Este is defeated at his composition of secular music. remained in France until his death on the Battle of Portomaggiore by Venetian-Ferrarese troops. Jacob Arcadelt (or Jakob Archadelt or October 14, 1568 in Paris. 1446 Death: Filippo Brunelleschi Arcadet) was probably born around Arcadelt’s arrival in Italy was well- Italian Renaissance architect (dome of Florence cathedral) 1504, in Liege (which is now Belgium). timed as he arrived at a time when the 1509 French army under Louis XII Sometime during the , Arcadelt madrigal was in its developmental enters the 1521 Martin Luther arrives at the moved to Florence Italy to study music stage. Together with two of his Diet of Worms assembly and work with Phillippe Verdelot. contemporaries (Verdelot and Costanzo 1582 Spanish conquistador Hernando de Lerma founds the Verdelot composed some of the Festa) he set the style and standards for settlement of Salta in Argentina earliest madrigals of the Renaissance a generation of madrigal composers period. A madrigal is a vocal part song including Giovanni Pierluigi da for 4 to 6 voices that is written in Palestrina and Cipriano de Rore. elaborate counterpoint. It is not Arcadelt favored the four-voiced accompanied by instruments. madrigal. He incorporated a more Counterpoint is the technique of countrapunctal style to the madrigal, writing or playing a melody or melodies thereby making them infinitely more in conjunction with another, according interesting than the chordal style to fixed rules. Madrigals are typically secular in their subject matter. Continued on page 8… Night on the Line

434 Archbishop Maximianus of The ongoing plague means the town of Smeewick will have to wait one Constantinople more year until the fae visit. Instead please join the Barony of Lochmere 467 Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman for a Night on the Line. Their Excellencies of Lochmere, Baron Linhart Empire 1065 Pilgrims under bishop and Baroness Letia ask you to break bread with them as they hold court. Gunther of Bamberg reach Jerusalem 1229 Queen Blanche of Castile & For those who wish to eat medievally, a feast menu, associated recipes, Earl Raymond VII of Toulouse sign and video instruction will be provided by Lady Katla in advance of the peace 1385 Duke of Burgundy, John the event. Fearless, marries Margaret of Bavaria in political double wedding with his sister Bardic is being planned for Saturday Night, May 22, 2021 and the main 1385 Willem van Oostervant of event will be 1:00 - 5:00 pm on Sunday May 23, 2021. Bavaria weds Philip the Bold's daughter Marguerite (10) 1545 French King Francois I orders protestants of Vaudois to be killed 1557 Cuenca is founded in Ecuador 1583 William of Orange marries Louise de Coligny April 13 837 Best view of Halley's Comet in 2,000 years 989 Battle at Abydos: Byzantine emperor Basilius II beats Bardas Phocas 1055 Bishop Gebhard van Eichstattt named Pope Victor II 1111 After months of controversy Pope Paschal II crowns Henry V, the King of Germany and Italy, as the Holy Roman Emperor 1180 Diet of Gelnhausen; Henry the Lion deprived of the Duchy of Saxony … From page 7 examples. 1204 Crusaders occupy Although Arcadelt was primarily Constantinople 1241 Battle of Theiss: Mongols famous for the 200 madrigals and his beat Hungarian King Béla IV 126 chansons, he also wrote three 1250 The Seventh Crusade is defeated in Egypt, Louis IX of masses and a number of motets. France captured 1256 The Grand Union of the Augustinian order formed when Listening Examples: Pope Alexander IV issues papal Il bianco el dolce cigno (Madrigal): bull Licet ecclesiae catholicae 1346 Pope Clemens VI declares https://youtu.be/XITlmDJ9-Hk German emperor Louis of Bavaria, Ave Maria: https://youtu.be/ envoy Image: Six Psalms of David in Motet Form for four 1517 Ottoman army occupies and five voices. (Published in Paris by LeRoy & URYYuxE5270 Cairo Ballard 1559) Image courtesy of Berkley Library, Ahime, ahime dov’e bel viso:https:// 1556 Portuguese Marranos who University of California. revert back to Judaism burned by youtu.be/r4qY8vFFg3I order of Pope 1570 Birth: Guy Fawkes, English previously favored by the Italians. Catholic conspirator who was convicted in the "Gunpowder Plot" However, his melodies remained to blow up the British Parliament, relatively tuneful and easy to sing, York, England (d. 1606) 1573 Birth: Christina of Holstein- similar to the melodies of the frottola, Gottorp, Queen consort of Sweden a popular Italian song genre. The as the wife of King Charles IX, Kiel, Germany (d. 1625) popularity of Arcadelt’s music is 1584 Birth: Albert VI, Duke of evidenced by the fact that his first Bavaria, born in Munich (d. 1666) April 14 book of madrigals was reprinted more 193 Lucius Septimus Severus than 30 times over a period of more crowned Emperor of Rome 754 Pact of Quierzy: between Pope than a century. It was this book that Stephen II, [III] & Pippin the Korte contained his most famous and 966 Christianisation of Poland 972 Notger becomes bishop of beautiful madrigal, Il bianco e dolce Liege cigno. The Url for this piece is 979 Challenge to throne of King Aethelred II of England provided below under listening 1154 Damascus surrenders to Sultan Nur ad-Din van Aleppo 1343 St. George's Night Uprising in Estonia 1348 1st English order of knighthood founded (Order of Garter) 1445 Margaret of Anjou weds King History Henry VI of England in Titchfield, Hampshire 1504 King Maximilian I routes troops to Bavaria 1516 Duke Wilhelm IV of Bavaria endorses "The German Beer Purity Highlights Law" (Reinheitsgebot) and adds to it standards for the sale of beer in Bavaria, ensuring beer is only brewed from three ingredients – reigns of Marcus Aurelius and water, malt and hops Commodus. Severus seized power 1597 William Shakespeare's "The Merry Wives of Windsor" is first after the death of Emperor Pertinax performed, with Queen Elizabeth I in 193 during the Year of the Five of England in attendance April 24 Emperors. 858 Nicholas I succeeds Benedict III as pope 1066 Halley's Comet sparks English monk to predict country will be destroyed 1185 Battle at Danoura 1288 Jews of Troyes France are accused of ritual murder 1311 General Malik Kafur returns to Delhi after campaign in South India 1364 Pope Urban V names John V van Virneburg as Bishop of Utrecht 1524 Duke of Bourbon drives Admiral Bonnivet out of Milan 1547 Battle of Muhlberg: Catholic forces under Emperor Charles V defeat Protestant princes John Above:Inauguration ceremony of the University of Basel, Frederick I and Philip I of Hesse 1460 1558 Mary, Queen of Scots (15) marries French dauphin Francis The University of Basel was Above:Canterbury Tales, Woodcut 1484 (14) Notre Dame cathedral in Paris founded in connection with the 1570 Battles between Spanish Scholars believe that on April 17, troops & followers of Sultan Council of Basel. The deed of 1387 that Geoffrey Chaucer's Suleiman foundation given in the form of a 1596 Pacificatie of Ireland drawn "Canterbury Tales" characters begin April 25 Papal Bull by Pope Pius II on their pilgrimage to Canterbury. 1185 Sea battle at Dan-no-ura: November 12, 1459, and the official Minamoto Yoritomo beats Taira- family opening ceremony was held on 1449 Anti-pope Felix V resigns April 4, 1460. 1507 German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller first to use the name America on his world map "Universalis Cosmographia" 1541 Liege flooded after heavy downpour April 26 1220 German king Frederick II grants bishops sovereign rights 1336 Italian Renaissance poet Francesco Petrarch famously climbs Mont Ventoux 1467 The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy 1514 Copernicus makes his 1st observations of Saturn 1564 William Shakespeare is baptized in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England April 27 1124 David I becomes King of Scots 1296 Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated by Edward I of Above:Thought to be Lucius Septimius Severus England Lucius Septimius Severus was Roman Emperor from April 9, 193 to February 4, 211. He was born in Left:Depiction of Brian from the 1723 publication of "The Leptis Magna (present day Al- General History of Ireland" translation of Keating's " Foras feasa ar Éirinn" by Dermot O'Connor. Khums, Libya) in the Roman The Battle of Clontarf took place on province of . As a young man April 23, 1014 at Clontarf. Brian he advanced through the customary Boru, High King of Ireland died of succession of offices under the his wounds from the battle. Lochmere Of�cers Listing

Baron: Herald: Mistress Genevieve dʼAquitaine 1509 Pope Julius II Baron Linhart Von Marburg excommunicates Italian state of [email protected] [email protected] Venice 301-879-6840 1518 Treaty of St Truiden 443-538-6861 1522 Battle of Bicocca 1539 Re-founding of the city of Deputy Herald: Bogotá, New Granada (Colombia), Baroness: by Nikolaus Federmann and Baroness Letia Thistelthueyt Lady Maire inghean Dhunchain Sebastián de Belalcázar mhic Oisdealbhaigh 1565 1st Spanish settlement in [email protected] the Philippines forms at Cebu City [email protected] 1576 Peace of Beaulieu and Paix de Monsieur Seneschal: 1578 Duel of the Mignons claims Sir Edgar Refskegg Webminister: the lives of two favorites of Henry Lady Marta De Lyon III of France and two favorites of [email protected] Henry I, Duke of Guise [email protected] 1597 Astronomer Johannes Kepler marries widow Barbara Müller Deputy Seneschal: April 28 Deputy Webminister: 357 Emperor Constantius II visits Master Giacomo Luciano Savior Rome Vincenti di Firenze Lady Gwen verch Llwelyn 1202 King Philip II expels King [email protected] John of England from France [email protected] 1253 Utrecht destroyed by fire 410-207-5546 1253 Nichiren, a Japanese Minister of the Lists: Buddhist monk, propounds Nam Myoho Renge Kyo for the first time Chronicler: Baroness Genevieve Dampier and declares it to be the essence de la Marche of Buddhism, in effect founding Lady Katla Flokadottir Nichiren Buddhism. [email protected] 1376 English parliament demands [email protected] supervision of royal spending 1376 English "Good Parliament" Chatelain: Minister of Youth: begins meeting in London, will sit Lady Katla Flokadottir till 10th July, then the longest- Lady Aine d'Alton sitting English parliament [email protected] 1503 Battle at Cerignalo [email protected] 1521 Treaty of Worms: Emperor Charles names his brother Deputy Minister of Youth: Ferdinand Archduke of Exchequer: Netherlands-Austria Lady Brynhildr Grimkellsdottir Baroness Tatiana Ivanovna of 1550 Powers of Dutch inquisition Birchwood Keep extends [email protected] April 29 410-544-0308 [email protected] 1091 Battle at Monte Levunium 1429 Joan of Arc arrives at the siege of Orleans Quartermaster: Archery Marshal: 1522 Emperor Charles V names Dame Dealla Cohen Frans van Holly inquisitor-general Mistress Arianna Morgan of Netherlands [email protected] 1540 Emperor Charles declares all [email protected] privileges of Ghent ended 1550 Emperor Charles V gives Minister of Arts & Sciences: Knight Marshal: inquisitors additional authority Baron Alric 1553 Flemish woman introduces Lady Marta De Lyon practice of starching linen into [email protected] England [email protected] 1587 Sir Frances Drake sails into Cadiz Spain & sinks Spanish fleet ("singeing the King of Spain's beard") April 30 311 Roman Emperor Galerius issues Edict of Toleration, ending persecution of Christians in the Lochmere Baronial Champions 313 Galerius Valerius Maximinus [Daia], Emperor of Rome (310- Rapier Fighting: Armored Fighting: 313), commits suicide after a military defeat Lord Melchior zum grauen Wolf Marcus Galmrsson 313 Licinius unifies entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule 711 Islamic conquest of Iberia: Equestrian: Lady Aine d'Alton Arts & Sciences: Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn- Ziyad land at Gibraltar to begin Lady Katla Flokadottir their invasion of the Iberian Archery &Thrown Weapons: Peninsula (Al-Andalus) 1064 German King Henry IV gives Ethan of Lochmere away Utrecht county of West Friesland