The Dredgings April 2021
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The Art of War in the Middle Ages, A.D. 378-1515
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/artofwarinmiddleOOomanuoft otl^xan: ^rt§e ^ssag 1884 THE ART OF WAR IN THE MIDDLE AGES PRINTED BY HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY THE ART OF WAR [N THE MIDDLE AGES A.D. 37^—15^5 BY C. W. C. OMAN, B.A. FELLOW OF ALL SOULS COLLEGE WITH MAPS AND PLANS OXFORD B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 BROAD STREET LONDON T. FISHER UNWIN, 26 PATERNOSTER SQUARE 1885 [^// rights reserved '\ O/M The Author desires to acknowledge much kind help received in the revision and correction of this Essay from the Rev. H. B. George, of New College, and Mr. F. York Powell, of Christ Church. 6/ 37 05 , — — CONTENTS. PAGE ' Introduction . i CHAPTER 1. The Transition from Roman to Medieval forms in War (a.d. 378-582). Disappearance of the Legion.—Constantine's reorgajiization. The German tribes . — Battle of Adrianople.—Theodosius accepts its teaching.—Vegetius and the army at the end of the fourth century. —The Goths and the Huns. Army of the Eastern Empire.— Cavalry all-important . 3— 14 CHAPTER n. The Early Middle Ages (a.d. 476-1066). Paucity of Data for the period.—The Franks in the sixth cen- tury.—Battle of Tours.—^Armies of Charles the Great. The Franks become horsemen.—The Northman and the Magyar.—Rise of Feudalism.—The Anglo-Saxons and their wars.—The Danes and the Fyrd.—Military importance of the Thegnhood.—The House-Carles.—Battle of Hastings . Battle of Durazzo 15 — 27 W — VI CONTENTS. -
An Examination of Private Military and Security Contractors and Their Effect on Sovereignty and Fundamental Rights in a Globalised World
The Privatisation of Violence: An Examination of Private Military and Security Contractors and Their Effect on Sovereignty and Fundamental Rights in a Globalised World Daniel James Gough A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Birmingham City University Faculty of Business, Law and Social Sciences October 2017. In Loving Memory of Frances Gough _________________________________ The most incredible Mother a person could have ever wished for. 1965 - 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................. i Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... xi Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 General Theme of Enquiry ........................................................................................................... 1 Understanding the Importance of the Investigation ................................................................. 1 Gaps in the Current Research ................................................................................................... 4 Illicit Actors ......................................................................................................................... -
Reinventing the Sword
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2007 Reinventing the sword: a cultural comparison of the development of the sword in response to the advent of firearms in Spain and Japan Charles Edward Ethridge Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Ethridge, Charles Edward, "Reinventing the sword: a cultural comparison of the development of the sword in response to the advent of firearms in Spain and Japan" (2007). LSU Master's Theses. 3729. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3729 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REINVENTING THE SWORD: A CULTURAL COMPARISON OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SWORD IN RESPONSE TO THE ADVENT OF FIREARMS IN SPAIN AND JAPAN A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The School of Art by Charles E. Ethridge B.A., Louisiana State University, 1999 December 2007 Acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Fredrikke Scollard, whose expertise, understanding, and patience added considerably to my graduate experience. I appreciate her knowledge of Eastern cultures and her drive to promote true ‘cross-cultural’ research. -
The History of Private Violence
THE HISTORY OF PRIVATE VIOLENCE Erkki Holmila 1. Introduction Since the very beginnings of organized violence armed force (loosely speak- ing) has been applied through the use of professional ad hoc soldiers, often of foreign origin. Yet in the last few centuries the idea that men should not take part in armed conflict for monetary compensation has come to be an almost unquestionable fact of life. Contracted combatants, including mercenaries, are almost universally condemned and the word itself is highly pejorative. To accuse somebody of being a mercenary is to make a moral statement about the persons character and occupation. This chapter will briefly explain mercenarism in a wider historical context. It would be difficult to understand the practice of using private citizens in warfare without knowledge of the social and historical context in which this activity takes and has taken place. Another reason for describing the history of the use of mercenaries in some detail is to show that the monopolisation of violence into the public sphere is a rather recent trend. The best example, of course, is the fact that the basic social institution in international relations the nation state is merely a few hundred years old. During this short time of the nation states existence it has become the dominant player in international affairs as well as the primary subject of international law, but it would be wrong to assume that this has always been, or that it will necessarily continue to be, the case.1 Standing armies are very much connected with the nation state and conse- quently they are also relatively new in the history of warfare. -
Hiperboreea Journal
HHIIPPEERRBBOORREEEEAA JJOOUURRNNAALL Journal of History Vol. III, No. 1 June 2016 Bucharest 2016 https://biblioteca-digitala.ro HHIIPPEERRBBOORREEEEAA JJOOUURRNNAALL Journal of History Vol. III, No. 1 June 2016 Bucharest 2016 https://biblioteca-digitala.ro ADVISORY BOARD Ph.D. Professor Ecaterina Lung (University of Bucharest) Ph.D. Professor Marian Petcu (University of Bucharest) Ph.D. Professor Anca Irina Ionescu (University of Bucharest) Ph.D. Associate Professor Luminiţa Diaconu (University of Bucharest) Ph.D. Assistant Professor Ioana Munteanu (University of Bucharest) Ph.D. Senior Researcher Adrian Ioniță (“Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archaeology, Romanian Academy) Ph.D. Research Coordinator, Zoran Ladić (The Department of Historical Sciences of the Institute of Historical and Social Sciences in Zagreb, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts) Ph.D. Professor, Sc. Hist. Valeria Fol (Institute of Balkan Studies and Centre of Thracology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) Ph.D. Associate Professor Carsten Selch Jensen (Department of Church History, Faculty of Theology, University of Copenhagen) EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief: Ph.D. Student Mihai Dragnea (“Nicolae Iorga” Institute of History, Romanian Academy) Editors: Ph.D. Ovidiu Nedu (“Paul Păltănea” History Museum of Galaţi) Ph.D. Associate researcher Marco Cassioli (Telemme Laboratory, University of Aix- Marseille) Ph.D. Student Constantin Zamfir (University of Bucharest) Ph.D. Student Jillian Mary Mitchell (University of Wales Trinity Saint David) Hiperboreea (ISSN 2284 – 5666) is an online scholarly journal which publishes studies and articles in English, French, German, Spanish or Italian from the field of History as well as book reviews or evaluations of scholarly conferences. Without limiting the scope of the research to a particular geographical area or historical period, the journal covers a wide range of interdisciplinary approaches and analyses on topics related to Cultural History, Political History, Military History, Social History, Economic History and Archeology. -
RIVISTA John Ruskin in Venice 2018-2019
Friuli: A Frontier Region Immigration in Italy The Fosse Ardeatine Massacre RIVISTA John Ruskin in Venice 2018-2019 The Magazine of Dear readers n this issue we go from the North to the South of Italy exploring the region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Ia beautiful garden on Lake Maggiore and then to Sicily to focus on migration issues. We stop in Venice on the way, visiting the Ruskin exhibition at the Palazzo Ducale and, on a more sombre note, the Fosse Ardeatine in Rome. Ancient Rome is the subject of a new book which you will find reviewed on page 21. Back in England we look at Italian influences on London life, review an exhibition about Italian connections in Hull and consider the complexities of adapting an Italian libretto to be Vanessa Hall-Smith Linda Northern sung in English. As usual we include a summary of all the events that have taken place in the course of have given such valuable and constructive feedback. the year. We are handing over to Sandra Fox and Philippa Leslie and wish them every success in their new role. This is the last issue of Rivista that we will edit – after We hope it will be as rewarding and as much fun for five years it’s time to move on. We remain enormously them as it has been for us. grateful to our contributors, to all those involved in the production of Rivista and to you, our readers, who Linda Northern and Vanessa Hall-Smith Cover photo: Detail of mosaic in San Vitale, Ravenna showing Emperor Justinian 1 Contact British-Italian Society Events and Membership Secretary Elisabetta Murgia [email protected] Rivista Editors [email protected] Rivista is published by the British-Italian Society No 401 2018/19 www.british-italian.org Designed by JASDesign [email protected] Printed by Bishops [email protected] At Bishops we are fully committed to printing responsibly and respecting our environment in all of our business practices. -
Dietrich Von Bern and “Historical” Narrative in the German Middle Ages
1 Dietrich von Bern and “Historical” Narrative in the German Middle Ages: An Investigation of Strategies for Establishing Credibility in Four Poems of the Middle High German Dietrichepik by Jonathan Martin Senior Honors Thesis Submitted for German and MEMS, March 26th, 2010 Advised by Professor Helmut Puff © Jonathan Seelye Martin 2010 2 Acknowledgements My special thanks are owed to Dr. Helmut Puff, who has made his advice, time, and considerable knowledge available to me throughout the process of writing this thesis. He has steered me away from many misconceptions and improved my writing for clarity and style. It is very much thanks to him that this thesis appears in the form that it currently does. I also must thank him for repeatedly reminding me that one is never fully satisfied with an end product: there is always something left to improve or expand upon, and this is especially true of an overly ambitious project like mine. In a large part due to his wonderful help, I hope to continue working on and improving my knowledge of this topic, which at first I despised but have come to love, in the future. My thanks also go out to Drs. Peggy McCracken, Kerstin Barndt, George Hoffmann, and Patricia Simons, who have at various times read and commented on drafts of my work and helped guide me through the process of writing and researching this thesis. My other professors and instructors, both here and at Freiburg, have also been inspirations for me, and I must especially thank Maria “Frau” Caswell for teaching me German, Dr. -
The-Dredgings-April
April, 2020 redgingsthe Volume 31, Issue 8, AS LIV Being the Voice of the Barony of Lochmere in the Kingdom of Atlantia, SCA, Inc. Inside this issue Populace Meeting Minutes .........4 Arts & Sciences ............................6 Food for Thought ........................7 Bards of Olde ..............................9 History Highlights ........................10 Their Excellencies... o our Populace of Lochmere your Baron and Baroness send our warmest regards, T This is a missive we never thought we would have to write. As it stands now, a good majority of us are under strong recommendations by the CDC to not meet in groups of more than ten people due to COVID-19. That Table of Contents along with basically all SCAdian activities being shut down, some might see this as Their Excellencies .........................2 a dark time for our Society. We disagree. It is said the strength of any Baronial Progress .........................2 organization is in its people. We can categorically state, from our observations, New Member Information ...........3 that our Society is strong. It is resilient. Lochmere Calendar of Events .......3 We have seen great acts of kindness and love. Not only for our Populace, but Atlantia Calendar of Events ..........3 Information on the Dredgings ......3 also our Kingdom and our Society. We were fortunate to be able to host a Attention Lochmere Officers ........3 virtual gathering of Lochmeri, and it was nice to be able to have interactions with Populace Meeting Minutes ..........4 our friends. We have seen good gentles offer up their time online to teach. To talk. Baronial Reoccurring Activities .....4 To commiserate. To share in practice the ideals in which our Society is based This Month in History ...................4 upon: Courage, Justice, Mercy, Generosity, Nobility and Hope. -
The Art of War in Italy, 1494-1529
w I CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS C. F. CLAV, Manager LONDON : FETTER LANE, E.C.4 NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN CO. BOMBAY ] CALCUTTA ,- MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD. MADRAS ) TORONTO : THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TOKYO : MARUZEN KABUSHIKI- KAISHA RIGHTS RESERVED THE ART OF WAR IN ITALY 1494-1529 BY F. L. TAYLOR, M.A., M.C. ST John's college, Cambridge T1^:}(CE COO^SORT T1{IZE ESSJr 1920 CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS I 9 2 I Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/artofwarinitaly100taylrich NOTE WISH to thank Mr C. W. Previte-Orton, M.A., I Fellow of St John's College, for much advice and encouragement in the preparation of these pages. I also wish to place on record my indebtedness to the Acton Library. Owing to the generosity of Viscount Morley this valuable collection of the books of our late Regius Professor is now housed at the University Library, and but for its presence there the greater part of my essay could not have been written at Cambridge. F. L. T. September 1920. 520339 CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. INTRODUCTION I II. STRATEGY lo III. INFANTRY 29 IV. CAVALRY 6l V. ARTILLERY 81 VI. TACTICS 103 VII. FORTIFICATION AND SIEGECRAFT . .129 VIII. MILITARY WRITERS 156 APPENDIX A: THE BATTLE OF RAVENNA . 180 NOTES TO APPENDIX A . .205 APPENDIX B: BOOKS CONSULTED . .216 INDEX 225 MAPS I. Italy II. Plan of the walls of Verona III. The battlefield of Ravenna IV. Diagrams representing four phases of the BATTLE of RaVENNA Ardet incxcita Ausonia atque immobilis ante; pars pedes ire parat campis, pars arduus altis pulverulentus equis furit; omnes arma requirunt. -
The Story of Rome Digna Locus Roma Est Quo Deus Omnis Eat
The Story of Rome Digna locus Roma est quo Deus omnis eat. Ovid. Ail rights reserved .^•-' V '^K*/ 1 fefe^BBQEIMGtBWfflSlIM <;s*///S//> Kac The Story of ROME by Norwood Young Illustrated by Nelly Erich<sen London: / M. I hilt CT Co. Aldine House, 29 and 30 Bedford Street Covent Garden W.C. * * 1901 1) i'v PREFACE THE story of Rome covers an area so vast that it would be pedantic on my part to apologise for the omissions which will be observed on every page of this little book. It is, of necessity, an abridgment of the work of many authors and many volumes. The small space at my disposal has made it impossible to add to the story of Christianity in Rome any adequate consideration of Roman churches, museums and ruins. I have devoted one chapter, the second, to a slight sketch of the remains lying in the neighbourhood of the Colosseum and Forum Romanum, and I have mentioned the more important of the recent sensational discoveries, but it is too early yet to dogmatise as to their exact significance. Ex- cavation is still being keenly pursued, and new finds may at any moment negative the opinions already formed. Such other topographical references as the book contains will be found in the last chapter, and in the Appendix, which has a few practical suggestions as to hotels, etc., an itinerary for the hurried visitor, a short list of books, and a very brief statement of the more interesting objects to be found in some of the most important churches. -
The 1St Intallment In
1 Gunnar HEINSOHN [JUNE 2020] R A V E N N A A N D C H R O N O L O G Y: STRATIGRAPHY VERSUS HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE FIRST MILLENNIUM. I Can Ravenna, ‘Capital of Late Antiquity’, make up for Rome's missing archaeology between the 230s and 930s AD? 2 II Ravenna’s assumed first collapse in the 3rd century, later followed by the collapses of the 6th and 10th century 17 III Artificial extensions of Late Antiquity’s chronology through the multiple use of identical historical sequences 28 IV Why do 5th/6th c. Ostrogothic elites continue to live in Roman-style elite houses of the 2nd/3rd c. Severan period? 38 V Why are Ravenna's monuments of the 5th/6th century constructed like a palimpsest with bricks of the 2nd/3rd century? 44 VI Why is Justinian (520s-560s AD), who cooperated with Severan emperors (190s-230s AD), dated more than 300 years later? 54 VII Can Germany and Aachen, ‘Capital of the Early Middle Ages’, provide the settlement layers missing in Ravenna? 62 VIII The fall of Roman Civilization and the destruction of Ravenna 83 IX Summary 92 X Bibliography 94 Acknowledgements. Address 100 2 I Can Ravenna, ‘Capital of Late Antiquity’, make up for Rome's missing archaeology between the 230s and 930s AD? Okay, concede critical readers of The Stratigraphy of Rome (Heinsohn 2018 b), we understand that, between the 230s and 930s AD, the supposedly eternal city did not build new apartments, latrines, aqueducts, sewers, streets, ports, bakeries or kitchens. -
TIMELINE 1388 Giangaleazzo Visconti's Testament Bequeaths
TIMELINE YEAR DATE EVENT 1388 Giangaleazzo Visconti’s testament bequeaths Milan to his sons or—if they should all die—to his daughter Valentina 1395 11 May Emperor Wenceslaus creates Duchy of Milan for Giangaleazzo 1396 13 October Emperor Wenceslaus extends Duchy of Milan in second investiture 1447 18 August Ambrosian Republic declared 1450 26 February Francesco I Sforza assumes control of Duchy of Milan 1466 8 March Francesco I Sforza dies; his son Galeazzo Maria becomes duke 1476 26 December Galeazzo Maria Sforza assassinated 1480 7 October Ludovico Sforza assumes nominal control of duchy 1494 September King Charles VIII invades Italy 1495 26 March Maximilian I invests Ludovico Sforza with Duchy of Milan 6 July Battle of Fornovo 1499 2 September Ludovico flees Milan; city and duchy surrender to France 1500 27 January Pro- Sforza insurrection; Ludovico’s restoration 10 April Battle of Novara; Ludovico captured; Milan returns to French control 1502 July- August Louis XII visits Lombardy ix x TIMELINE 1505 7 April Haguenau Conference— Maximilian I invests Louis XII with Duchy of Milan 1506 June Genoa revolts against French rule 1507 April- May Louis XII puts down Genoese revolt; visits Milan 1509 14 May Battle of Agnadello 14 June Maximilian I re- invests Louis XII with Duchy of Milan 1511 2 November Council of Pisa- Milan against Julius II opens 1512 11 April Battle of Ravenna; French rule of Milan begins to crumble 21 April Council of Pisa- Milan declares Julius II deposed; Julius opens Fifth Lateran Council 12 August Massimiliano