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TIMELINE 1388 Giangaleazzo Visconti's Testament Bequeaths

TIMELINE 1388 Giangaleazzo Visconti's Testament Bequeaths

TIMELINE

y e a r dat e e v e n t 1388  Giangaleazzo Visconti’s testament bequeaths to his sons or—if they should all die—to his d­ aughter Valentina 1395 11 May Emperor Wenceslaus creates of Milan for Giangaleazzo 1396 13 October Emperor Wenceslaus extends in second investiture 1447 18 August Ambrosian Republic declared 1450 26 February assumes control of Duchy of Milan 1466 8 March Francesco I Sforza dies; his son Galeazzo Maria becomes 1476 26 December Galeazzo Maria Sforza assassinated 1480 7 October assumes nominal control of duchy 1494 September King Charles VIII invades 1495 26 March Maximilian I invests Ludovico Sforza with Duchy of Milan 6 July ­Battle of Fornovo 1499 2 September L udovico flees Milan; and duchy surrender to 1500 27 January Pro-­Sforza insurrection; Ludovico’s restoration 10 April Battle of ; Ludovico captured; Milan returns to French control 1502 July-­August Louis XII visits

ix x TIMELINE

1505 7 April Haguenau Conference—­Maximilian I invests Louis XII with Duchy of Milan 1506 June revolts against French rule 1507 April-­May Louis XII puts down Genoese revolt; visits Milan 1509 14 May Battle of Agnadello 14 June Maximilian I re-­invests Louis XII with Duchy of Milan 1511 2 November Council of -­Milan against Julius II opens 1512 11 April Battle of ; French rule of Milan begins to crumble 21 April C ouncil of Pisa-­Milan declares Julius II deposed; Julius opens Fifth Lateran Council 12 August Massimiliano Sforza created Duke of Milan 1513 6 June Battle of Ariotta (Novara) 19 November F rench garrison in ­castle of Milan surrenders 1515 1 January Louis XII dies; François I assumes crown 13 September B attle of Marignano; Massimiliano Sforza ousted; François I assumes control of Milan 1521 20 November French withdraw from Milan (except ­castle); Morone assumes governorship in name of Francesco II Sforza 1522 27 April 1523 14 April French garrison in ­castle of Milan surrenders 1524 23 October French recapture Milan 1525 24 February Battle of ; French lose Milan; François I taken prisoner 27 July Charles V invests Francesco II Sforza with Duchy of Milan 30 July Marquis of writes Charles V of Morone’s plot 14 October Marquis of Pescara arrests Girolamo Morone for treason TIMELINE xi

1526 24 July Francesco II exits Milan’s c­ astle a­ fter several months u­ nder imperial siege; flees to 1527 January Spanish troops depart Milan; replaced by Swiss and Italian forces 1528  M ilan governed by Leyva; city assaulted by Sforza, Venetian, and French forces 1529 6 August Peace of Cambrai; France renounces Lombard claims 29 November Charles V re-­invests Francesco II Sforza with Duchy of Milan 1530 14 January Francesco II’s forces assume control of Milan 1531 15 February Spanish garrison in ­castle of Milan departs peacefully 1533 13 October Duchess Christina of enters Milan 1535 2 November Francesco II Sforza dies; Leyva named governor of Milan