DOCSLIB.ORG

KU WWI Guide.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
KU WWI Guide.Indd ALL FOR YOU, FRANZ? #KU_WWI Twitter Project: ASSASSINATION OF FRANZ FERDINAND ARCHDUKE tweeter guide PROJECT STAFF About the Project The #KU_WWI Twitter Project is a Twitter-based e-reenactment of CREES Outreach Coordinator the June 28, 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Adrienne Landry Sarajevo, the historical incident often cited as the initial geopolitical [email protected] event that resulted in the First World War. #KU_WWI Project Leader During Spring 2014, #KU_WWI “Call for Tweeters” will be held on Sam Moore the KU campus where students, faculty and staff can learn more [email protected] about World War I, and have an opportunity to become Twitter e- reenactors. Project Consultant Using this “#KU_WWI Guide” participants will develop e-reenact- Professor Nathan Wood ment characters, twitter handles, hashtags, and 140-character History Department tweets reenacting the assassination. WWI Planning Committee Chair Tweets created at these events will form an e-reenactment Mas- Professor Lorie Vanchena ter Script, which will tweet-out live on June 28, 2014, exactly 100 [email protected] years after the event. The public will be able to follow the reenactment on Twitter SPONSORSHIP through the hashtag #KU_WWI or through Twitter feeds on the crees.ku.edu and european.ku.edu websites. Event refreshments donated by: University Honors Program The #KU_WWI Twitter e-reenactment will include a creative storytell- ing component utilizing the strengths of the KU community. The e- Books donated by: reenactment will incorporate historical, geographical, literary and art Ermal Garinger Academic references both past and present, making the project a humanities Resource Center driven exploration of the events leading up to World War I. Department of Germanic Additionally, select tweets developed at the Call for Tweeters will Languages & Literatures be translated by KU students enrolled in language classes at KU — showcasing the diversity of the languages and cultures involved Professor Marc Greenberg, in World War I, and the languages and cultures taught at KU. A Slavic Languages special thanks to Marta Pirnat-Greenberg and her BCRS 208 In- & Literatures Department termediate Bosnian-Serbo-Croatian class for their help! Online analytics provided by: By inviting students to participate, the #KU_WWI Twitter Project European Studies Program will create an experiential learning opportunity to use social me- dia as a tool for engaging different academic skills; and integrate Technical assistance by: students and academic units from all over the KU campus for the Center for Global study of a single, historical event. & International Studies This project is part of the University of Kansas centennial com- Promotion by: memoration of World War I, coordinated by the European Stud- Global Awareness Program ies Program. Learn more about participating units and upcoming Hall Center for the Humanities programs at www.kuwwi.com. We greatly appreciate the support KU Libraries of the National World War I Museum and strongly encourage all KU Memorial Unions participants to check out their exhibit, On the Brink: A Month That Spencer Museum of Art Changed the World, March 15 - September 14, 2014. Thank you for participating and be sure to watch the reenactment online! June 28, 2014 @KU_WWI DOES it matter?—losing your legs?... For people will always be kind, #KU_WWI Guide And you need not show that you mind When the others come in after hunting So how did To gobble their muffins and eggs. the first world war begin? Does it matter?—losing your sight?... The First World War officially began on July 28th, There’s such splendid work for the blind; 1914 when Austria-Hungary declared war on And people will always be kind, the Kingdom of Serbia. But why did the Austro- As you sit on the terrace remembering Hungarian Empire declare war on Serbia? What And turning your face to the light. sparked this cataclysmic event? Do they matter?—those dreams from the pit?... The answer: the assassination of the heir to the You can drink and forget and be glad, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Archduke Franz Ferdi- And people won’t say that you’re mad; nand, in Sarajevo on June 28th, 1914. Franz and For they’ll know you’ve fought for your country his wife Sophie were killed while on a state visit to And no one will worry a bit. Bosnia, which was annexed just 6 years earlier by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A young Bosnian Siegfried Sassoon, 1918 Serb, Gavrilo Princip, shot them on the corner of Franz Josef Street. The assassins claimed to be part of the Black Hand, a terrorist group that called for the liberation of Bosnia from Austro- One of the things that Hungarian rule. They wanted Bosnia, as well as drives me to study Herzegovina, Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and WWI, among other Montenegro to join with the Kingdom of Serbia, historical events, is the and form a pan-south slav Greater Serbia, or Yu- human drama behind goslav nation. it. Above is a poem from the British poet By the way, that’s what Yugoslav means in Bos- Siegfried Sassoon, nian, Croatian and Serbian languages: Yugo = who fought during South, so…you know, “South Slav.” What Princip WWI, entitled “Does it and other members of his terrorist group wanted Matter?”, which I think was a union of south Slavic peoples in Europe, a truly shows the idea of the human drama union realized in the formation of Yugoslavia a few behind the war. Here was a man that was years later…sort of. changed by his wartime experience. WWI is often overshadowed by the events that would come after it, but it still is an im- portant event. It is the event that begins the 20th century; a century of bloodshed, increas- ing globalization, and hope. Often the human element of history, the experiences of the people involved, are lost. These people lived and went through events that would change their lives. Part of my goal is for people to gain a better understanding of what these people went through. Sam Moore, Project Leader Background European climate Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was a time of nationalism, militarism, and high tensions. The industrial revolution had led to new class divisions and restructuring. There was a great influx of people from rural farms to urban factories, making cities dirty and crowded. Ruling classes were falling out of favor and new political philosophies emerged that advocated for the proletariat. By 1914, heads of states coupled their Definition: na·tion·al·ism fears of social problems at home with fears of geopolitical noun instability. Seeking security, the European powers formed the belief that the nation should rule an alliance system that pitted them against each other itself; a feeling that people have of being in more or less equally matched blocs. Because of this loyal to and proud of their nation, often system, a localized conflict could in fact be the cause of with the belief that it is better and more a much wider war. The assassination in Sarajevo was the important than other nations. catalyst that set these blocs against each other, resulting in the overwhelming destruction that killed over 9 million people in combat and almost 17 million total. A war of alliances: who fought who? TRIPLE ALLIANCE: The only formal alli- ance between more than one nation was the Tripe Alliance between Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy. The terms of this alliance deemed that all three would, “go to war together if any one were attacked by two other states.” When Archduke Franz Ferdi- nand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by a Serb terrorist group, Germany and Italy sided with them in their declaration of war on the Kingdom of Serbia. John Keegan, The First World War, ( New York: vs. Vintage Books, 1998), 52. TRIPLE ENTENTE: The other camp was not a formal alliance between three na- tions, but rather a loose system of alliances between Great Britain, France, and Rus- sia. Not as rigid as the Triple Alliance, the Triple Entente was still a system that would guarantee if one of these powers went to war then at least one other would as well. According to historian John Keegan, it is this mechanism that is commonly believed to have legalistically brought these nations together in war. So when Austria-Hungary declared war on the Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia’s ally Russia declared war on Austria- Hungary and Austria-Hungary’s ally Germa- ny declared war on Russia, and so on and so on… Background Who got shot? SUMMER 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand TIME LINE Franz Ferdinand was the June 28 Archduke of Austria and Assassination of Archduke Franz heir to the Austro-Hun- Ferdinand by Serb nationalists garian throne. His assas- in Sarajevo sination, June 28, 1914, is what precipitated the chain July 28 of events that lead to the Austria-Hungary declares war outbreak of WWI in August. on Serbia Ferdinand was the nephew of Austro-Hungarian Em- August 1 peror Franz Joseph, and Germany declares war on Russia became the heir presump- Germany and Turkey sign an alliance tive when his cousin Crown France mobilizes to support Russia Prince Rudolf committed suicide in 1889. Franz was not known for being particularly likeable. Pretty much everyone August 2 except his wife hated him. The Emperor and the imperial Germany Invades Luxembourg court disliked him because they thought he was too liberal – a dangerous reformer. The public didn’t like him because August 3 they thought he represented the conservative stagnation of Germany declares war on France the monarchy. Contemporary opinion called him “bigoted,” “overbearing” and “bad-tempered.” So imagine everyone’s August 4 surprise when Franzi fell in love, and overthrew the estab- Germany declares war on Belgium lished order so he could marry her.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • INTRODUCTION the Capture of Constantinople by the Armies of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 Fragmented the Byzantine Empire. Territor
    INTRODUCTION The capture of Constantinople by the armies of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 fragmented the Byzantine empire. Territories which did not submit to the Crusaders fell into the hands of Byzantine magnates who became rulers of numerous small political entities. The most important of these newly founded states, which each claimed to be the successor of the destroyed Byzantine empire, were the empires of Trebizond and Nicaea in Asia Minor and the principality of Epiros in the Balkans.1 The so-called empire of Nicaea, which was established as a viable state by Theodore I Laskaris (1204–1221), was the most suc- cessful of these. Laskaris averted the threat of a combined attack from the Latin empire of Constantinople and the Seljuks of Rum and over- came various local lords who, in the wake of the collapse of Byzantium, had established their own independent authorities in Asia Minor. His successors, John III Vatatzes (1221–1254) and Theodore II Laskaris (1254–1258), conquered large territories in the Balkans. They forced the rulers of Epiros to abandon their claim to the imperial title and reduced the military strength of the Latin empire of Constantinople. Under John III and Theodore II, Nicaea prevailed as the legitimate successor to the Byzantine empire. In 1261, the Nicaean army cap- tured Constantinople and Michael VIII Palaiologos (1259–1282), who had seized the throne from the Laskarids, restored the Byzantine empire. Yet, despite the conquests of the Laskarids and the recovery of Constantinople by Michael VIII, much territory which had belonged to the Byzantine empire before the Fourth Crusade remained beyond imperial control.
    [Show full text]
  • Worlds Apart: Bosnian Lessons for Global Security
    Worlds Apart Swanee Hunt Worlds Apart Bosnian Lessons for GLoBaL security Duke university Press Durham anD LonDon 2011 © 2011 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Designed by C. H. Westmoreland Typeset in Charis by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. To my partners c harLes ansBacher: “Of course you can.” and VaLerie GiLLen: “Of course we can.” and Mirsad JaceVic: “Of course you must.” Contents Author’s Note xi Map of Yugoslavia xii Prologue xiii Acknowledgments xix Context xxi Part i: War Section 1: Officialdom 3 1. insiDe: “Esteemed Mr. Carrington” 3 2. outsiDe: A Convenient Euphemism 4 3. insiDe: Angels and Animals 8 4. outsiDe: Carter and Conscience 10 5. insiDe: “If I Left, Everyone Would Flee” 12 6. outsiDe: None of Our Business 15 7. insiDe: Silajdžić 17 8. outsiDe: Unintended Consequences 18 9. insiDe: The Bread Factory 19 10. outsiDe: Elegant Tables 21 Section 2: Victims or Agents? 24 11. insiDe: The Unspeakable 24 12. outsiDe: The Politics of Rape 26 13. insiDe: An Unlikely Soldier 28 14. outsiDe: Happy Fourth of July 30 15. insiDe: Women on the Side 33 16. outsiDe: Contact Sport 35 Section 3: Deadly Stereotypes 37 17. insiDe: An Artificial War 37 18. outsiDe: Clashes 38 19. insiDe: Crossing the Fault Line 39 20. outsiDe: “The Truth about Goražde” 41 21. insiDe: Loyal 43 22. outsiDe: Pentagon Sympathies 46 23. insiDe: Family Friends 48 24. outsiDe: Extremists 50 Section 4: Fissures and Connections 55 25.
    [Show full text]
  • When Diplomats Fail: Aostrian and Rossian Reporting from Belgrade, 1914
    WHEN DIPLOMATS FAIL: AOSTRIAN AND ROSSIAN REPORTING FROM BELGRADE, 1914 Barbara Jelavich The mountain of books written on the origins of the First World War have produced no agreement on the basic causes of this European tragedy. Their division of opinion reflects the situation that existed in June and July 1914, when the principal statesmen involved judged the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Habsburg throne, and its consequences from radically different perspectives. Their basic misunderstanding of the interests and viewpoints 'of the opposing sides contributed strongly to the initiation of hostilities. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of diplomatic reporting, particularly in the century before 1914 when ambassadors were men of influence and when their dispatches were read by those who made the final decisions in foreign policy. European diplomats often held strong opinions and were sometimes influenced by passions and. prejudices, but nevertheless throughout the century their activities contributed to assuring that this period would, with obvious exceptions, be an era of peace in continental affairs. In major crises the crucial decisions are always made by a very limited number of people no matter what the political system. Usually a head of state -- whether king, emperor, dictator, or president, together with those whom he chooses to consult, or a strong political leader with his advisers-­ -decides on the course of action. Obviously, in times of international tension these men need accurate information not only from their military staffs on the state of their and their opponent's armed forces and the strategic position of the country, but also expert reporting from their representatives abroad on the exact issues at stake and the attitudes of the other governments, including their immediate concerns and their historical background.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800S-1900S
    The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800s-1900s February 2003 Katrin Bozeva-Abazi Department of History McGill University, Montreal A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Contents 1. Abstract/Resume 3 2. Note on Transliteration and Spelling of Names 6 3. Acknowledgments 7 4. Introduction 8 How "popular" nationalism was created 5. Chapter One 33 Peasants and intellectuals, 1830-1914 6. Chapter Two 78 The invention of the modern Balkan state: Serbia and Bulgaria, 1830-1914 7. Chapter Three 126 The Church and national indoctrination 8. Chapter Four 171 The national army 8. Chapter Five 219 Education and national indoctrination 9. Conclusions 264 10. Bibliography 273 Abstract The nation-state is now the dominant form of sovereign statehood, however, a century and a half ago the political map of Europe comprised only a handful of sovereign states, very few of them nations in the modern sense. Balkan historiography often tends to minimize the complexity of nation-building, either by referring to the national community as to a monolithic and homogenous unit, or simply by neglecting different social groups whose consciousness varied depending on region, gender and generation. Further, Bulgarian and Serbian historiography pay far more attention to the problem of "how" and "why" certain events have happened than to the emergence of national consciousness of the Balkan peoples as a complex and durable process of mental evolution. This dissertation on the concept of nationality in which most Bulgarians and Serbs were educated and socialized examines how the modern idea of nationhood was disseminated among the ordinary people and it presents the complicated process of national indoctrination carried out by various state institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • How Did the First World War Start?
    How Did the First World War Start? The First World War, often called The Great War, was an enormous and devastating event in the early 1900s. Over 17 million people were killed and it had a massive effect on politics and countries all over the world. But why did the First World War happen and what caused it? The major catalyst for the start of the First World War was the assassination of a man named Archduke Franz Picture associated with the arrest of Gavrilo Princip Ferdinand. However, there were other events which led to the start of the war. The start of the 1900s in Europe was a time of peace for many. In most places, wealth was growing and people were comfortable and countries were thriving. At this time, some European countries, mainly France and Britain, owned and controlled countries in Asia and Africa, as well as some areas of other continents. This was because these countries helped to improve the wealth of Europe. Before the First World War, many countries were allies with one another and they had defence treaties. This meant that if war was declared on one of the countries, the other members of the alliance had to go to war to help them. There were two main alliances, one between Britain, France and Russia called ‘The Triple Entente’ and one between Germany and Austria-Hungary called ‘The Central Powers’. One of the reasons for these treaties was that, during the early 1900s, each country wanted to be the most powerful. Germany in particular, who did not control many territories, began building warships as they wished to become the most powerful country.
    [Show full text]
  • A L E X a N D R U R A
    ALEXANDRU RADU Bucharest, Romania mobile: +40 722 138 053 email: [email protected] website: www.raedit.com Romanian flm editor working freelance since 2007. My focus is on editing flms, fction and documentaries. I also worked on corporate and web oriented clips. I have edited short flms that were screened in competition at flm festivals like Cannes - Cinefondation and Berlinale - Shorts. My frst feature flm “One Month in Thailand” had it’s premiere at the Critics Week of the Venice Film Festival. In 2014 “Song of my Mother” won the Heart of Sarajevo at the Sarajevo Film Festival together with the price for best male performance. In 2017 “Two Lottery Tickets” by Paul Negoescu won the Gopo Audience award for the biggest success at the box offce in 2016. Key skills: Video editing, Colour Grading, Sound Editing, Sound Recording, Digital Compositing Software skills: Profcient with: Avid Media Composer, DaVinci Resolve, Steinberg Nuendo. Basic level with: After Effects and Photoshop Awards: Best Editing Award for BERF in Sinepark Film Festival, Istanbul - Turkey 2010 Personal data date of birth: 17 August 1984 place of birth: Sibiu, Romania citizenship: Romanian Education: 2003-2007 graduated Film Editing and Sound department at the National University of Drama and Film, Bucharest 1999-2003 graduated pedagogic studies at “Andrei Saguna” College, Sibiu Training: 2008 - attended the Piran International Talent Campus in Slovenia. 2008 - attended the ARTE Aristoteles Workshop focused on creative documentaries under the supervision of the Iranian director Raf Pitts and the English documentarist Simon Brook. Work experience: Since 2007 have been working as a freelance editor on flms, corporate video and commercials.
    [Show full text]
  • Prilozi 43 2014 Eng.Indd
    %RMDQ$OHNVRYForgotten Yugoslavism and anti-clericalism of Young Bosnians Prilozi • Contributions, 43, Sarajevo, 2014, 79-87 UDK 329.78(497.15)"1906/1914" )25*277(1<8*26/$9,60$1'$17,&/(5,&$/,60 2)<281*%261,$16 %RMDQ$OHNVRY 8&/6FKRRORI6ODYRQLFDQG(DVW(XURSHDQ6WXGLHV/RQGRQ Abstract: Worldviews and political ambitions of Young Bosnians were a far cry from later and contemporary emanations of Serbian nationalism, as evident in the- ir Yugoslavism and staunch anti-clericalism. They should neither be praised for what they did nor blamed for what happened later. Their act can be understood and interpreted only in its own historical context, which opens new avenues for resear- ch away from false analogies and political abuses. 7KHUHLVDQROGQREOHFXVWRPSUDFWLVHGLQWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRPZKHUHE\DFDGHP- LFV DQGRWKHUV GHFODUHDQLQWHUHVWZKHQGLVFXVVLQJPDWWHUVSHUVRQVWRZKLFKWKH\ might have a relation. Unfortunately this has not been the case in the historiography RIWKRVHKLJKO\GLVSXWHGLVVXHVVXFKDVWKHRULJLQVRI)LUVW:RUOG:DU1 Despite the IDFWWKDWGRFXPHQWDU\HYLGHQFHIURPDOOVLGHVZDVSXEOLVKHGDOUHDG\LQWKHLQWHUZDU SHULRGWKHGLIIHUHQFHVRILQWHUSUHWDWLRQDQGRSLQLRQDELGHRUHYHQLQFUHDVHZLWKWLPH VRWKDWZKDWLVEHLQJZULWWHQRIWHQUHIOHFWVWKHFRQWH[WDQGEDFNJURXQGRILWVDXWKRU UDWKHUWKDQWKHHYHQWDQDO\VHG,ZDQWWREUHDNWKLVFLUFOHRIXQDFNQRZOHGJHGELDV E\GHFODULQJWKDW,ZDVERUQDQGUDLVHGLQWKHVWUHHWEHDULQJWKHQDPHRI1HGHOMNR ýDEULQRYLüWKHIDLOHG6DUDMHYRERPEHUDQGWKXVIURPHDUO\DJHVXEMHFWWRWKHJUDQG 6RFLDOLVW<XJRVODYLD¶VQDUUDWLYHRI<RXQJ%RVQLDQVDVIUHHGRPILJKWHUVDQG<XJR- 1)RUWKHPDQLSXODWLRQRIDUFKLYDOUHFRUGVDQGHYLGHQFHUHODWLQJWKHWKHUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUWKH
    [Show full text]
  • The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, As It Happened - Telegraph
    4/21/2015 First World War centenary: the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, as it happened - Telegraph First World War centenary: the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, as it happened On Sunday June 28 1914 in Sarajevo, Gavrilo Princip fired the shot that killed the Archduke and started the train of events that led to global war. Here is a step by step account of how the dramatic day unfolded The Daily Telegraph, June 29 1914 By Richard Preston 8:19PM BST 27 Jun 2014 Our journey starts with an extremely promising omen. Here our car burns, and down there they will throw bombs at us. Archduke Franz Ferdinand comments wryly on the fact that his journey to Bosnia in June 1914 begins with his car overheating The Archduke: Franz Ferdinand, the bumptious, little­loved 51­year­old nephew of the ailing Emperor Franz Joseph, was heir presumptive to the Austro­Hungarian throne. In 1913 he was made inspector general of the armed forces of Austria­Hungary; it was this role that took him to Bosnia in June 1914, to inspect the army’s summer manoeuvres. The Duchess: Franz Ferdinand married Countess Sophie Chotek for love, for which both paid a price. She was from a Czech noble family but was deemed unfit to be a Habsburg bride; she had been a lady­in­waiting to Archduchess Isabella, whose sister Franz Ferdinand was expected to marry. Their marriage was morganatic, meaning their children were excluded from the line of http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-one/10930863/First-World-War-centenary-the-assassination-of-Franz-Ferdinand-as-it-happened.html 1/12 4/21/2015 First World War centenary: the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, as it happened - Telegraph succession.
    [Show full text]
  • Activity Results for 2018
    Activity results for 2018 Eurimages, the Council of Europe Fund for the co-production, distribution and exhibition of European cinematographic works has 39 member States, including Montenegro since 1st January 2019. The Eurimages Fund is managed by a Board of Management where each member state is represented. Catherine Trautmann has been the President of the Fund since 1 January 2017. SOME KEY FIGURES EI 2018, the total amount amount of support decisions taken by the Fund represents 21 780 557 €, broken down as follows: Share of the total Support programme amount Total amount allocated/paid allocated/paid 91.55% 19 940 344 € was allocated to producers from member States of the Fund for 78 co-productions. The Coproduction selection rate of the projects represented 29.9%. 2.97% 646 216 € was paid in the framework of the distribution support programme for marketing and publicity Distribution expenses. Exhibition support 2.55% 556 488 € was paid to cinemas to support their film programming in 2017. The Eurimages programme (support for cinemas network comprised 64 cinemas on 31 December 2018. (The support to be awarded for 2018 will be film programming) determined according to the programming results to be examined by the Board in June 2019). 2.55% 555 448 € was allocated for promotional activities: Co-production Award – Eurmages Prize (EFA), Co- Promotion production Development Award, Lab Projects Awards, co-operation with markets and festivals, Human Rights Award in Cinema, Odyssée-Council of Europe, presence in Cannes, Berlin, Venice, etc. 0.38% 82 061 € was paid to promoting gender equality in the film industry (Audentia Award for the Best Gender equality Female Director, awareness-raising meetings, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • OTTOMAN CULTURAL HERITAGE in SERBIA the CULTURAL TREASURES of SERBIA
    NATIONAL TOURISM ORGANISATION of SERBIA OTTOMAN CULTURAL HERITAGE IN SERBIA THE CULTURAL TREASURES of SERBIA www.serbia.travel MAP OF SERBIA LEGEND INTRODUCTION International Border H Settlement Signs City County Center Rivers and Lakes RO Highway Highway Regional Road HR Airport Ottoman Heritage BIH Ot toman Cultural Heritage in Serbia BG Ottoman cultural heritage in the territory of Serbia can be The Ottoman Empire brought a new order, a new adminis- seen in preserved architectural monuments and the trac- trative apparatus and a new faith to Southeast Europe, but es left in the language, i.e. words of Turkish origin, also it did not dig up the roots of all the existing social relations known as Orientalisms, but also in the mutual influences and institutions, instead it partially accepted them, adapt- which created a specific cultural diet. ing them to its state model. The result of this synthesis was a new civilizational and cultural sphere, whose presence is At the height of its power, in the mid-16th century, the Ot- still felt today in most societies in the Balkans, which is de- toman Empire stretched across three continents and con- fined as “Oriental cultural heritage”. trolled the Black Sea, the Red Sea and the eastern part of the MNE Mediterranean. The civilizational, i.e. the social and cultural effects, were rarely one-sided. When two civilisations meet or clash, The Ottoman conquest of the lands which were part of the there is normally mutual permeation of two, where the powerful Serbian empire of Stefan Dušan, the Mighty, be- weakening society may offer something to the society that is gan after the Battle of Maritsa in 1371 and the Battle of Koso- on the rise, depending on how open said society is to foreign vo in 1389.
    [Show full text]
  • A BRIEF History of Serbia
    A BRIEF history of Serbia From the Foundation to the Ottomans To Look for: • Look for the following themes in history (write down examples) • 1-political intrigue • (using greater powers to get something, switching sides) • 2-example of tolerance • (getting along w/ other ethnicities/religions) • 3-examples of infighting • (Serbians fighting Serbians for power) • 4-examples of a ‘Holy’ empire (leaders doing things for God, Serbia being a faithful servant to God) Serbia today Kingdom of Serbia, (1555) greatest extent A little Background on the Serbs • 1st Serbian Kingdom began around 1036 in the area of modern day Montenegro. • It was started by Stefan Vojislav, who renounced his allegiance to the emperor in Constantinople and moved his support to Rome and began to bring neighboring Serbian tribes under his control • (Playing ruling powers off one another) Zeta Serbs become Orthodox • -the land became known as Zeta and was 1st ruled by a Catholic • -civil wars and power struggles broke and power shifted to Raska where Sefan Nemanja founded a dynasty and that would rule for the next 200 yrs. and created an expanding Serbia • -The Nemanjas united the Serbs and gave them a Serbian identity centered around the church (Stefan had become a prisoner of Emperor Emanuel in Constantinople and had been introduced to Byzantine culture, when he returned he was determined to bring back to the Serbs The Nemanjan Serbian Kingdom in pink The Nemanjas • -As the Bulgarian state grew in the Balkans, they did not capture the Nemanja’s capital of Raska • the
    [Show full text]
  • S/1994/674/Annex VI Page 152 II. CHRONOLOGY of the BATTLE
    S/1994/674/Annex VI Page 152 II. CHRONOLOGY OF THE BATTLE AND SIEGE OF SARAJEVO A. April 1992 1. 5/4/92 (Sunday) (a) Military activity Combat and Shelling Activity: After thousands of protestors took to the streets, fierce shooting from heavy machineguns and automatic weapons were heard in all parts of the city, accompanied by explosions. Source(s): Reuters; United Press International. Targets Hit: Unidentified downtown buildings. Source(s): Reuters Press Report. Description of Damage: Bullet shattered windows in a number of unidentified downtown buildings. Source(s): Reuters Press Report. Sniping Activity: Shooting into crowds of demonstrators by unidentified gunmen. Source(s): United Press International. Casualties: A doctor at the Sarajevo hospital and police officials said at least seven people were killed Sunday (three in pre-dawn police station attacks) and 10 were injured. 60/ Source(s): United Press International. Narrative of Events: 54. Tensions escalated on the eve of a meeting by European Community Ministers who were expected to announce the recognition of BiH as an independent state. Fighting broke out after the expiration of a 2:00 p.m. deadline set by Serbian leaders for cancellation of a full mobilization of the Republic’s Territorial Defence and police reserve forces dominated by Croats and Muslims. The mobilization order was issued Saturday by President Alija Izetbegovi@. 61/ 55. After the deadline passed, thousands of people were reported to have taken to the streets in spontaneous peace marches as government-run Sarajevo television began issuing appeals for ethnic amity. The largest body of demonstrators headed towards the Republic's Assembly building, and hundreds began moving toward several buildings that had been seized by armed Serbs.
    [Show full text]