%RMDQ$OHNVRYForgotten Yugoslavism and anti-clericalism of Young Bosnians Prilozi • Contributions, 43, Sarajevo, 2014, 79-87

UDK 329.78(497.15)"1906/1914"

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Abstract: Worldviews and political ambitions of Young Bosnians were a far cry from later and contemporary emanations of Serbian nationalism, as evident in the- ir Yugoslavism and staunch anti-clericalism. They should neither be praised for what they did nor blamed for what happened later. Their act can be understood and interpreted only in its own historical context, which opens new avenues for resear- ch away from false analogies and political abuses.

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VODYLD¶VIRXQGLQJIDWKHUVDVHVWDEOLVKHGE\9HVHOLQ0DVOHãDDQG9ODGLPLU'HGLMHU WKRXJKDVZHDOONQRZWKH\ZHUHWRR\RXQJDQGQDwIIRUHLWKHU Marking its centenary, Sarajevo outrage has been invoked not only as a trigger but a serious cause for the Great War. 2 The issue of responsibility looms large be- cause the tragedy that ensued determined the course of events in Europe for almost DFHQWXU\(VSHFLDOO\LQ%RVQLDZKDWKDSSHQHGRQWKDWIDWDOGD\VWLOOPDWWHUVDQGFDQ easily upset the fragile peace. Therefore, I decided not to attempt to populate any fur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äLåHNFDOOVVXEMHFWLYHYLROHQFH ZKRVHHSLWRPH3ULQFLS¶VDFWLVZKLFKEOLQGVXVWRWKHVRFDOOHGV\VWHPLFYLROHQFH HQGHPLFWRRXUVRFLRHFRQRPLFRUGHUDQGRIWHQZLWKFDWDVWURSKLFFRQVHTXHQFHV4)L- QDOO\WKHGLVFXVVLRQZDVPDUUHGIURPWKHRXWVHWE\WKHIODZHGDQGQRWFRQVHTXHQ- tial use of terms terror and terrorism, disregarding the transformation of their use and SHUFHSWLRQRYHUWLPH/HWPHQRWHWKDWWKH%RVQLDQ0XVOLP1DWLRQDO2UJDQLVDWLRQ 012 LQLWVPHPRUDQGXPWRWKH2WWRPDQ3DUOLDPHQWMXVWIHZ\HDUVEHIRUHWKHDV- VDVVLQDWLRQGHVFULEHGWKH+DEVEXUJUXOHDV³VWDWHWHUURULVP´5

2 )RU WKH ZDU RULJLQV¶ DVVHVVPHQW DQG PRUH RQ th anniversary see Jay Winter, ed., The Legacy of the Great War.&ROXPELD0L8QLYHUVLW\RI0LVVRXUL3UHVVZKHUHGLVWLQJX- LVKHGKLVWRULDQV-D\:LQWHU1LDOO)HUJXVRQDQG3DXO.HQQHG\GRQRWHYHQGLVFXVVWKH%DONDQ IDFWRUVZKHQDQDO\VLQJWKHFDXVHVIRUWKHZDU 3,QWKLVUHJDUG,VXEVFULEHWRWKHRSLQLRQRI6DUDMHYRZULWHUDQGIRUPHUDPEDVVDGRU=ODWNR 'L]GDUHYLü ZKR GHVFULEHG WKH RYHUZURXJKW FHQWHQQLDO FHOHEUDWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ WKLV FRQIHU- HQFHDV³DQH[SUHVVLRQRIF\QLFLVP´$FFRUGLQJWR'L]GDUHYLüWKH\DUHWRQRDGYDQWDJHRI 6DUDMHYRRULWVLQKDELWDQWVEHFDXVHWKHZDUGLGQRWVWDUWLQ6DUDMHYRDQG6DUDMHYRZDVQRW UHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHZDUEXWWKHJUHDWSRZHUV0RUHRYHU'L]GDUHYLüVXPVXSWKHFRPPRQ SHUFHSWLRQ³WKH\¶YHUHRSHQHGDEDWWOHDPRQJXVRYHU*DYULOR3ULQFLS´VRQHZIDXOWOLQHV DUHEHLQJFUHDWHGDQGROGZRXQGVGHHSHQHG6HHWKHLQWHUYLHZZLWK'L]GDUHYLüSarajevo, One Hundred Years DW KWWSZZZEDOFDQLFDXFDVRRUJHQJ5HJLRQVDQGFRXQWULHV%RVQLD +HU]HJRYLQD6DUDMHYR2QH+XQGUHG

80 %RMDQ$OHNVRYForgotten Yugoslavism and anti-clericalism of Young Bosnians Prilozi • Contributions, 43, Sarajevo, 2014, 79-87

My modest concern here is only to rescue one aspect of the event from manipu- ODWLRQQDPHO\WKHDJHQF\RIassassination is unashamedly approached from above.6 The most talked about recent portrayal of the major players of the period for example, that of Christopher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üLQ7KHFLUFXPVWDQFHVRIWKLVEUXWDOPXUGHU ZHUHLPPHGLDWHO\ZLGHO\NQRZQDQGDQDO\VHGEXWQRWWRLPSO\VRPHEDUEDULW\WRWKH assassins but racist and orientalist stereotypes and discourse in its descriptions like that of the New York Times, published on 24th of June 1903.7 Same could be said for &ODUN¶VDFFRXQWRIWKLVPXUGHUZKLFKFURZQVDZHDOWKRIUHGXQGDQWGHWDLODERXW6HU- ELDQDQG%DONDQSROLWLFVLQDFKDLQRIGLVSDUDWHHSLVRGHVRIXQUHODWHGDQGRIWHQJUXH- VRPHYLROHQFHWKDWLVRYHUZKHOPLQJLUUHOHYDQWDQGVHUYHVWRUHLQIRUFHQHJDWLYHDQG stereotypical conceptions of the region that have long been disproved by scholars. )LQDOO\&KULVWRSKHU&ODUNDQGRWKHUVRSHQO\TXHVWLRQZKHWKHU

1RUPDQ$UH0XVOLPVµ-HZV¶RUµ*\SVLHV¶"$5HDVVHVVPHQWRI%RVQLDQ0XVOLP3ROLWLFDO Thought under the Habsburgs. unpublished manuscript, 2010. 6 See Christopher Clark, The Sleepwalkers. How Europe Went to War in 1914/RQGRQ3HQ- guin, 2012 is echoed in Sean McMeekin, July 1014: Countdown to War./RQGRQ,FRQ and previously The Russian Origins of the First World War. Cambridge, Mass, Harvard Uni- YHUVLW\3UHVVFODLPLQJWKDW

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8 7KRPDV/DTXHXU 6RPH'DPQ)RROLVK7KLQJLondon Review of Books 9RO. 35 No. 23, 5 December 2013DYDLODEOHRQKWWSZZZOUEFRXNYQWKRPDVODTXHXUVRPH damn-foolish-thing. 9-LP&XOOHQ5HYLHZRI&KULVWRSKHU&ODUN¶V³7KH6OHHSZDONHUV+RZ(XURSH:HQWWR:DULQ ´SXEOLVKHGRQDQGDYDLODEOHRQKWWSKQQXVDUWLFOH 10$VVWDWHGE\%LVKRSRI%LKDüDQG3HWURYDF$WDQDVLMHKHOGWKHUHTXLHPIRU3ULQFLSLQKLV KRPHWRZQRI%RVDQVNR*UDKRYRRQ0D\nd 2014, on the anniversary of his death. See http:// ZZZVSFUVVU]DBVORERGXBGRVWRMDQVWYRBVUSVNRJBQDURGD 11 6HH 'DYLG 0DF.HQ]LH¶V WULRORJ\ Apis: The Congenial Conspirator; The Life of Colo- QHO'UDJXWLQ7'LPLWULMHYLü%RXOGHU&ROR(DVW(XURSHDQ0RQRJUDSKVThe “Black hand” on Trial: Salonika, 1917 .%RXOGHU &ROR (DVW (XURSHDQ 0RQRJUDSKV  The Exoneration of the “Black Hand,” 1917-1953. 1HZ

82 %RMDQ$OHNVRYForgotten Yugoslavism and anti-clericalism of Young Bosnians Prilozi • Contributions, 43, Sarajevo, 2014, 79-87

DJHQWVRIWKH*UHDW6HUELDQSURMHFWGLUHFWHGIURP%HOJUDGHRUUHGXFLQJWKHPWRRII- VKRRWVRI%ODFN+DQGEODWDQWO\LJQRUHVWKHLURZQFRQIHVVLRQVZKLFKZHNQRZZHUH not made under duress. Unlike recent studies earlier literature made an effort to in- vestigate their motivations and thus heavily relied on court transcripts, Gavrilo Prin- FLS¶VLQWHUYLHZVZLWK'U3DSSHQKHLPDQGUHFROOHFWLRQVRIVXUYLYRUV12 These have DOODVFHUWDLQHGWKH

12 Court transcripts exist in several languages here Sarajevski atentat – izvorne stenografske ELOMHãNHVDJODYQHUDVSUDYHSURWLY*DYULODSULQFLSDLGUXJRYDRGUåDQHX6DUDMHYX., 6DUDMHYR'UåDYQDDUKLYD15%L+,Q(QJOLVK:$'ROSK2ZLQJVThe Sarajevo Trial. 9ROVDQG7UDQVODWHGDQGHGLWHGE\:$'ROSK2ZLQJV(OL]DEHWK3ULELFDQG1L- NROD3ULELF&KDSHO+LOO1&'RFXPHQWDU\3XEOLFDWLRQVDQG(GZDUG:.QDSSPDQ HG³$UFKGXNH)UDQ])HUGLQDQG¶V$VVDVVLQV7ULDO´Great World Trials: The 100 Most Significant Courtroom Battles of All Time. Detroit, Gale Research, 1997. Gavrilo Princip re- counts his reasons for resisting the Monarchy; the assassination itself and the general atmos- SKHUHZKLFKFRQGXFHGLWDQGILQDOO\KLVRZQUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUWKHZDUWKDWIROORZHGLQ0DU- tin Pappenheim, Gavrilo Princips Bekenntnisse9LHQQD7KHFRQYHUVDWLRQVEHWZHHQ WKH9LHQQHVHGRFWRUDQG3ULQFLSZHUHWUDQVODWHGLQWR(QJOLVKDQGSXEOLVKHGLQWKH86LQ the August 1927 issue of Current HistoryDV³'U3DSSHQKHLP¶V&RQYHUVDWLRQVZLWK3ULQ- FLS&RQIHVVLRQVRIWKH$VVDVVLQ:KRVH'HHG/HGWRWKH:RUOG:DU´HGLWHGE\+DPLOWRQ )LVK$UPVWURQJ$PRQJPDQ\YROXPHVRIUHFROOHFWLRQVRIJURXSPHPEHUVZKRVXUYLYHGWKH LPSULVRQPHQWRUZHUHRQO\ORRVHO\DVVRFLDWHGZLWK³

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13'LPLWULMH'MRUGMHYLü7KH6HUEVDVDQ,QWHJUDWLQJDQG'LVLQWHJUDWLQJ)DFWRUAustrian His- tory Yearbook9RO   14,EUDKLP)D]OLQRYLüDQGĈXODJD%XNRYDFZHUHEHLQJSUHSDUHGIRUDQHDUOLHUPXUGHUDWWHPSW LQ9LHQQDZKLFKWKH%DONDQZDUVSUHYHQWHG6HH1LNROD7ULãLüSarajevski atentat u svijetlu bibliografskih podatakaSRGDWDNDQG+DPGLMD1LNãLüDQRWKHU

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17&YHWNR3RSRYLü6ORERGQL]LGDULL6DUDMHYVNLDWHQWDWFLWHGLQKLVOko Sarajevskog atentata, 189-199. Puntigam is also remembered for performing the last rites to the royal couple and for being a zealous opponent of masturbation. 18 9ODGLPLUûRURYLüCrna knjiga. Patnje Srba Bosne i Hercegovine za vreme svetskog rata 1914-1918. Godine.%HRJUDGýLJRMD 19&YHWNR3RSRYLü3ULORJ,VWRULML6DUDM$WHQWDWDPolitika,,,,,9$OVRLQ3HUR6OL- MHSþHYLü0ODGD%RVQDLQKLVHG1DSRU%RVQHL+HUFHJRYLQH]DRVORERÿHQMHLXMHGLQMHQMH. 6DUDMHYR2EODVQLRGERU1DURGQHRGEUDQHKHUH 206RQMD'XMPRYLü6USVNDSUDYRVODYQDFUNYDX%RVQLL+HUFHJRYLQLLVWYDUDQMHQRYHGUåDYH (Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca) 1918. godine, Historijska traganja, 3, 2009, 121-136, 225.

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