DOCSLIB.ORG

Should Whales Be Culled to Increase Fishery Yield? Leah R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Should Whales Be Culled to Increase Fishery Yield? Leah R POLICYFORUM ECOLOGY We examine the scientific evidence for the Should Whales Be Culled to assertion that commercial fisheries are negatively impacted by whales in tropical Increase Fishery Yield? breeding areas. Leah R. Gerber,1* Lyne Morissette,1,2 Kristin Kaschner,3,1 Daniel Pauly4 cience and international politics play complicated roles in the global arena of Swhale conservation and the manage- ment of the resources of the world’s oceans. The International Whaling Commission (IWC), charged with the global conservation of whales and the management of whaling, introduced a moratorium on commercial whaling in 1986 because of the widespread depletion of whale species and stocks. Despite a lack of scientific data to indicate that many whale stocks have recovered, every year a heated debate takes place at the IWC meeting about the future of commercial whaling. 2011 2000 2000 Recently, whaling countries have introduced a Whale Fishing Whale Fishing new argument for resuming whaling by blam- feeding rate rate feeding rate rate on February 13, 2009 ing whale populations for the decline in com- 1581 1500 1500 mercial fish stocks. Couched in terms of “ecosystem manage- ment,” whaling countries, including Japan, 1000 1000 advocate the culling of whales as a solution 746 to recover overexploited fish stocks and to increase fishery yield (1, 2). Some develop- 500 442 500 ing countries, which may benefit economi- or fishing moratorium (average %) 188 cally and politically by supporting pro-whal- www.sciencemag.org Fish biomass increase after whale removal 0.07 0.15 0.26 2.74 2.50 2.62 4.13 ing nations at IWC (3–7), have also sup- 0 0 ported the “whales-eat-fish” assertion. The best 5x 10x best 1.5x 2x best 5x 10x best 1.5x 2x estimate higher higher estimate higher higher estimate higher higher estimate higher higher Caribbean-driven St. Kitts Declaration at the 58th Annual Meeting of the IWC stated: Northwest Africa Caribbean “scientific research has shown that whales consume huge quantities of fish making the Negligible effects of removing whales on commercial fish biomass relative to the effect of a fishing issue a matter of food security for coastal moratorium. Estimated increases in fish biomass for best estimates of whale feeding and fishing rates, 5- and Downloaded from nations” (6). This issue was also claimed to 10-fold underestimates of whale feeding, and 1.5 and 2-fold underestimates of fishing. For details, see (9). be one of global concern at a 2008 sympo- sium of IWC members in the Northwest tries. Whaling does not provide direct benefit available data on whale abundance, Japanese Africa region (8). to the fisheries that these countries closely scientists estimate that whales consume sev- When scientific information about the depend on (9), but rather leads to the loss of eral times as much food as the combined role of whales in marine ecosystems and for species that are important for the structural global fisheries catch in recent years (18). the economies of developing nations are con- integrity of their ecosystem (10–12). Living However, the methodology used by Japanese sidered, it becomes clear that delegates from whales, on the other hand, may actually repre- researchers to support their claim that developing countries who support the pro- sent an alternative source of income through whales’ consumption of fish is an important whaling nations at the IWC may in fact be whale watching (13, 14). component of fish declines has been repeat- acting against the best interest of their coun- The rationale for whaling as the solution edly criticized (19–22). Although these dis- to depleted fisheries has been questioned by cussions have been insightful, they have not 1Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Science, School of Life many in the scientific community in light of stimulated movement within the IWC to Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287–4501, documented overfishing in oceans globally break the current deadlock. USA. 2Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, 310 Allée (15), a lack of spatially explicit overlap of One of the obstacles in scientific studies des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada. 3Institute of Biology I (Zoology), Evolutionary Biology and Ecology resource exploitation between fisheries and of whales is that there are few data and mod- Laboratory, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany. whales (2), and the unpredictable conse- els available to inform policy discussions. 4Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British quences of culling (16, 17). Based on stom- This is particularly true in the tropical waters Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada. ach content analyses of whales caught during bordering many of the developing countries *Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] the Japanese scientific whaling program and that support the resumption of commercial GERBER; JUPITER IMAGES PHOTO CREDITS (LEFT TO RIGHT): ERIKA ANTONIAZZO/ALAMY;LEAH 880 13 FEBRUARY 2009 VOL 323 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org Published by AAAS POLICYFORUM whaling, although these areas are known to be whales from marine ecosystems could result 3. L. Busby, in Global Corruption Report, R. Hodess, T. Inowlocki, D. Rodriguez, T. Wolfe, Eds. (Transparency primarily breeding (not feeding) grounds for in fewer fish available to the fisheries (9). International and Pluto Press, London, 2004), pp. 76–88. baleen whales (23–27). We conducted an Today, the majority of fish stocks (33) and 4. A. R. Miller, N. Dolsak,v Glob. Environ. Polit. 7, 69 (2007). extensive literature search to compile and many whale populations (34) are seriously 5. Third Millennium Foundation, Japan’s “Vote Consolidation Operation” at the International Whaling Commission (Third make use of all available sources of local data depleted, but most available evidence points Millennium Foundation, Paciano, Italy, 2007). to provide a scientific starting point to the toward human overexploitation as the root 6. IWC, Chairman’s Report from the International Whaling discussion (9). We also sought to actively of the problem. When developing tropical Commission 58th Annual Meeting, St. Kitts and Nevis, 16 involve scientific advisers of delegates who countries are encouraged to focus on the to 20 June 2006 (IWC, St. Kitts, 2006), 15 pp. 7. K. Stringer, Dipl. Statecraft 17, 547 (2006). support Japan’s position at the IWC meetings notion that “whales eat fish,” they risk being 8. IWC, in Symposium sur I’Utilisation Durable des Ressources and to foster regional collaboration and active diverted from addressing the real problems Marines Vivantes de la Région Africaine, Rabat, 11 to 12 dissemination of our findings to inform dis- that their own fisheries face, primarily, over- February 2008; originally made available at the request of the Republic of Guinea via Circular Communication cussions in local communities among scien- exploitation of their marine resources by IWC.CCG.672 of 26 February 2008. tists, managers, and other local experts distant-water fleets (35). 9. Materials and methods are available as supporting materi- (e.g., 2008 “Whales-Eat-Fish” regional Here, we offer a set of recommendations for als on Science Online. 10. J. E. Duffy, Ecol. Lett. 6, 680 (2003). workshops held in Senegal and Barbados, rational decision-making by effectively apply- 11. A. M. Springer et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, http://lenfestocean.org/whales_fisheries.html). ing ecosystem management concepts to man- 12223 (2003). Using data available from the literature, aging whales. 12. M. R. Heithaus, A. Frid, A. J. Wirsing, B. Worm, Trends Ecol. and, e.g., the Sea Around Us Project (www. First, the question of “who is eating our Evol. 23, 202 (2008). 13. E. Hoyt, G. T. Hvenegaard, Coast. Manage. 30, 381 (2002). seaaroundus.org) and obtained during our fish” should be considered in a larger context 14. J. E. S. Higham, D. Lusseau, Conserv. Biol. 21, 554 (2007). regional stakeholder workshops, we devel- (with respect to foreign fleets, ecosystem col- 15. R. A. Myers, B. Worm, Nature 423, 280 (2003). oped ecosystem models to examine the lapses, and climate change). Indirect social and 16. R. T. Paine, M. J. Tegner, E. A. Johnson, Ecosystems 1, 535 (1998). potential increase in the biomass of com- economic benefits of whales in tropical ecosys- 17. M. Scheffer, S. Carpenter, J. A. Foley, C. Folke, B. Walker, mercially important fish stocks that would tems [e.g., tourism (36, 37)] should also be Nature 413, 591 (2001). result from a reduction in whale abundance taken into account. 18. T. Tamura, in Responsible Fisheries in Marine Ecosystems, M. Sinclair and G. Valdimarsson, Eds. (Food and in the Northwest African and Caribbean Second, despite complicated politics, sci- on February 13, 2009 Agricultural Organization of the United Nations & CABI ecosystems (9). Any discussion about the ence should be an integral component of the Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 2003), pp. 143–170. interactions between whales and fisheries discussions about managing whale and fish- 19. N. J. Gales, T. Kasuya, P. J. Clapham, R. L. Brownell, Nature must be considered in an ecosystem con- ery interactions. An effort must be made to 435, 883 (2005). 20. P. J. Clapham et al., Mar. Policy 31, 314 (2007). text, which allows investigation of the com- actively engage scientists and managers from 21. S. J. Holt, Mar. Pollut. Bull. 54, 1081 (2007). plex indirect effects of trophic relationships countries that support Japan’s claims (3–5) to 22. P. Corkeron, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 375, 305 (2009). that would otherwise be very difficult to help them investigate this issue within an 23. S. K. Katona, J. A. Beard, Rep. Int. Whaling Comm. 12, 295 (1990). study. Although the IWC Scientific Com- ecosystem context in their own regions. In 24. P. J. Corkeron, R. C. Connor, Mar. Mamm. Sci.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biol. Eduardo Palacio Prez Estudiante De La Maestría En Ecología Y Pesquerías Universidad Veracruzana P R E S E N T E
    Universidad Veracruzana Dirección General de Investigaciones Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías BIOL. EDUARDO PALACIO PREZ ESTUDIANTE DE LA MAESTRÍA EN ECOLOGÍA Y PESQUERÍAS UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA P R E S E N T E INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS MARINAS Y PESQUERÍAS, Habiendo sido debidamente revisado y aceptado el trabajo escrito de su tesis denominada U.V. “Diversidad funcional de peces arrecifales del Gran Caribe”, y habiendo conseguido los votos Calle Hidalgo No. 617 necesarios por parte de su comité tutoral coincidiendo en cuanto a que tanto el contenido, como el Colonia Río Jamapa, formato de este trabajo es satisfactorio como prueba escrita para sustentar su e amen !nal de C P 94290, Boca del Río, posgrado de "#$%&'# $( $CO*)G+# , -$%./$'+#% se le autoriza a usted presentar la versi1n Veracruz, electr1nica !nal de su trabajo2 México Teléfonos (229) 956 70 70 %in otro particular, me es grato reiterarle la seguridad de mi m3s distinguida consideración2 956 72 27 COORDINACION DE POSGRADO EN ECOLOGÍA Y PESQUERIAS, U.V. Mar Mediterráneo No. 314 #&$(&#"$(&$ Fracc. Costa Verde CP 94294 “*4% DE 5$'#CRUZ7 #'&$, CI$NCI#, */6” Boca del Río, 8oca del '9o, 5er2 diciembre :; del <=<= Veracruz, México Teléfono (229) 202 28 28 Dr. Javier Bello Pi e!a Dire"#or {Bermu Universidad Veracruzana Universidad Veracruzana Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías MAESTRÍA EN ECOLOGÍA Y PESQUERÍAS Diversidad funcional de peces arrecifales del Gran Caribe TESIS PARA OBTENER EL GRADO ACADÉMICO DE MAESTRO EN ECOLOGÍA Y PESQUERÍAS PRESENTA Biol. Eduardo Palacio Pérez COMITÉ TUTORAL Director: Dr. Horacio Pérez España Director Asesores: Dra. Vanessa Francisco Ramos Asesora Boca del Río, Veracruz 1 Agradecimientos Quiero agradecer en primera instancia a mi director de tesis el Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Virtual Population Analysis
    1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW There are a variety of VPA-type methods, which form powerful tools for stock assessment. At first sight, the large number of methods and their arcane names can put off the newcomer. However, this complexity is based on simple common components. All these methods use age-structured data to assess the state of a stock. The stock assessment is based on a population dynamics model, which defines how the age-structure changes through time. This model is the simplest possible description of numbers of similar aged fish where we wish to account for decreases in stock size through fishing activities. The diversity of VPA methods comes from the way they use different types of data and the way they are fitted. This manual is structured to describe the different components that make up a VPA stock assessment model: Population Model (Analytical Model) The population model is the common element among all VPA methods. The model defines the number of fish in a cohort based on the fishing history and age of the fish. A cohort is a set of fish all having (approximately) the same age, which gain no new members after recruitment, but decline through mortality. The fisheries model attempts to measure the impact catches have on the population. The population model usually will encapsulate the time series aspects of change and should include any random effects on the population (process errors), if any. Link Model Only rarely can variables in which we are interested be observed directly. Usually data consists of observations on variables that are only indirectly linked to variables of interest in the population model.
    [Show full text]
  • Reef Fish Biodiversity in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Megan E
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School November 2017 Reef Fish Biodiversity in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Megan E. Hepner University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Scholar Commons Citation Hepner, Megan E., "Reef Fish Biodiversity in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7408 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reef Fish Biodiversity in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary by Megan E. Hepner A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Marine Science with a concentration in Marine Resource Assessment College of Marine Science University of South Florida Major Professor: Frank Muller-Karger, Ph.D. Christopher Stallings, Ph.D. Steve Gittings, Ph.D. Date of Approval: October 31st, 2017 Keywords: Species richness, biodiversity, functional diversity, species traits Copyright © 2017, Megan E. Hepner ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to my major advisor, Dr. Frank Muller-Karger, who provided opportunities for me to strengthen my skills as a researcher on research cruises, dive surveys, and in the laboratory, and as a communicator through oral and presentations at conferences, and for encouraging my participation as a full team member in various meetings of the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) and other science meetings.
    [Show full text]
  • Twenty Thousand Parasites Under The
    ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia Tesis Doctoral Twenty thousand parasites under the sea: a multidisciplinary approach to parasite communities of deep-dwelling fishes from the slopes of the Balearic Sea (NW Mediterranean) Tesis doctoral presentada por Sara Maria Dallarés Villar para optar al título de Doctora en Acuicultura bajo la dirección de la Dra. Maite Carrassón López de Letona, del Dr. Francesc Padrós Bover y de la Dra. Montserrat Solé Rovira. La presente tesis se ha inscrito en el programa de doctorado en Acuicultura, con mención de calidad, de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Los directores Maite Carrassón Francesc Padrós Montserrat Solé López de Letona Bover Rovira Universitat Autònoma de Universitat Autònoma de Institut de Ciències Barcelona Barcelona del Mar (CSIC) La tutora La doctoranda Maite Carrassón Sara Maria López de Letona Dallarés Villar Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, diciembre de 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cuando miro atrás, al comienzo de esta tesis, me doy cuenta de cuán enriquecedora e importante ha sido para mí esta etapa, a todos los niveles.
    [Show full text]
  • Captive Orcas
    Captive Orcas ‘Dying to Entertain You’ The Full Story A report for Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS) Chippenham, UK Produced by Vanessa Williams Contents Introduction Section 1 The showbiz orca Section 2 Life in the wild FINgerprinting techniques. Community living. Social behaviour. Intelligence. Communication. Orca studies in other parts of the world. Fact file. Latest news on northern/southern residents. Section 3 The world orca trade Capture sites and methods. Legislation. Holding areas [USA/Canada /Iceland/Japan]. Effects of capture upon remaining animals. Potential future capture sites. Transport from the wild. Transport from tank to tank. “Orca laundering”. Breeding loan. Special deals. Section 4 Life in the tank Standards and regulations for captive display [USA/Canada/UK/Japan]. Conditions in captivity: Pool size. Pool design and water quality. Feeding. Acoustics and ambient noise. Social composition and companionship. Solitary confinement. Health of captive orcas: Survival rates and longevity. Causes of death. Stress. Aggressive behaviour towards other orcas. Aggression towards trainers. Section 5 Marine park myths Education. Conservation. Captive breeding. Research. Section 6 The display industry makes a killing Marketing the image. Lobbying. Dubious bedfellows. Drive fisheries. Over-capturing. Section 7 The times they are a-changing The future of marine parks. Changing climate of public opinion. Ethics. Alternatives to display. Whale watching. Cetacean-free facilities. Future of current captives. Release programmes. Section 8 Conclusions and recommendations Appendix: Location of current captives, and details of wild-caught orcas References The information contained in this report is believed to be correct at the time of last publication: 30th April 2001. Some information is inevitably date-sensitive: please notify the author with any comments or updated information.
    [Show full text]
  • A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico And
    A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast Fishes THIRD EDITION GSMFC No. 300 NOVEMBER 2020 i Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Commissioners and Proxies ALABAMA Senator R.L. “Bret” Allain, II Chris Blankenship, Commissioner State Senator District 21 Alabama Department of Conservation Franklin, Louisiana and Natural Resources John Roussel Montgomery, Alabama Zachary, Louisiana Representative Chris Pringle Mobile, Alabama MISSISSIPPI Chris Nelson Joe Spraggins, Executive Director Bon Secour Fisheries, Inc. Mississippi Department of Marine Bon Secour, Alabama Resources Biloxi, Mississippi FLORIDA Read Hendon Eric Sutton, Executive Director USM/Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Florida Fish and Wildlife Ocean Springs, Mississippi Conservation Commission Tallahassee, Florida TEXAS Representative Jay Trumbull Carter Smith, Executive Director Tallahassee, Florida Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Austin, Texas LOUISIANA Doug Boyd Jack Montoucet, Secretary Boerne, Texas Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Baton Rouge, Louisiana GSMFC Staff ASMFC Staff Mr. David M. Donaldson Mr. Bob Beal Executive Director Executive Director Mr. Steven J. VanderKooy Mr. Jeffrey Kipp IJF Program Coordinator Stock Assessment Scientist Ms. Debora McIntyre Dr. Kristen Anstead IJF Staff Assistant Fisheries Scientist ii A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast Fishes Third Edition Edited by Steve VanderKooy Jessica Carroll Scott Elzey Jessica Gilmore Jeffrey Kipp Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission 2404 Government St Ocean Springs, MS 39564 and Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission 1050 N. Highland Street Suite 200 A-N Arlington, VA 22201 Publication Number 300 November 2020 A publication of the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award Number NA15NMF4070076 and NA15NMF4720399.
    [Show full text]
  • View/Download
    SPARIFORMES · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 4.0 - 13 Feb. 2021 Order SPARIFORMES 3 families · 49 genera · 283 species/subspecies Family LETHRINIDAE Emporerfishes and Large-eye Breams 5 genera · 43 species Subfamily Lethrininae Emporerfishes Lethrinus Cuvier 1829 from lethrinia, ancient Greek name for members of the genus Pagellus (Sparidae) which Cuvier applied to this genus Lethrinus amboinensis Bleeker 1854 -ensis, suffix denoting place: Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia, type locality (occurs in eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific from Indonesia east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Japan, south to Western Australia) Lethrinus atkinsoni Seale 1910 patronym not identified but probably in honor of William Sackston Atkinson (1864-ca. 1925), an illustrator who prepared the plates for a paper published by Seale in 1905 and presumably the plates in this 1910 paper as well Lethrinus atlanticus Valenciennes 1830 Atlantic, the only species of the genus (and family) known to occur in the Atlantic Lethrinus borbonicus Valenciennes 1830 -icus, belonging to: Borbon (or Bourbon), early name for Réunion island, western Mascarenes, type locality (occurs in Red Sea and western Indian Ocean from Persian Gulf and East Africa to Socotra, Seychelles, Madagascar, Réunion, and the Mascarenes) Lethrinus conchyliatus (Smith 1959) clothed in purple, etymology not explained, probably referring to “bright mauve” area at central basal part of pectoral fins on living specimens Lethrinus crocineus
    [Show full text]
  • Size Composition, Growth, Mortality and Yield of Alectis Alexandrinus (Geoffory Saint-Hilaire) in Bonny River, Niger Delta, Nigeria
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 8 (23), pp. 6721-6723, 1 December, 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB ISSN 1684–5315 © 2009 Academic Journals Short Communication Size composition, growth, mortality and yield of Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffory Saint-Hilaire) in Bonny River, Niger Delta, Nigeria S. N. Deekae1, K. O. Chukwu1 and A. J. Gbulubo2 1Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environment, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port-Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria. 2African Regional Aquaculture Centre, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B.5122, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Accepted 3 November, 2008 A twelve month study on the size composition, growth, mortality and yield of Alectis alexandrinus revealed a length range of 11.5 - 33.8 cm (standard length). Employing the length frequency method in the FISAT II package gave the following results for the Von Bertanlanffy growth parameters: L = 35.23, K = 0.680, to = 0.3214 and = 2.926. The total mortality (Z) was 2.47, natural mortality (M) 1.39 and fishing mortality (F) 1.08.The relative biomass per recruit (knife edge selection) was Lc/ L = 0.05, E10 = 0.355 and E50 = 0.278. Although the exploitation rate (E) was 0.44 the Emax was 0.421 indicating moderate exploitation of the fish in Bonny River. There is room for increased effort in the fisheries. Key word: Size, growth, mortality, yield, Alectis alexandrinus. INTRODUCTION Alectics alexandrinus is one of the commercially valuable tions or species into categories of high, medium low and fishes in the gulf of Guinea, which could be relevant in very low resilience or productivity have been suggested sport fishing as obtainable in places like Hawaii (Pamela et al., 2001; Musick, 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Phycis Blennoides (Brünnich, 1768)
    Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768) AphiaID: 126501 ABRÓTEA-DO-ALTO Animalia (Reino) > Chordata (Filo) > Vertebrata (Subfilo) > Gnathostomata (Infrafilo) > Pisces (Superclasse) > Pisces (Superclasse-2) > Actinopterygii (Classe) > Gadiformes (Ordem) > Phycidae (Familia) © Diogo Rocha Claire Goodwin - iNaturalist.ca Descrição Corpo fusiforme; raios das barbatanas pélvicas estendem-se para além da origem da barbatana anal; 1º raio da barbatana dorsal é alongado; cor acastanhada ou acinzentada dorsalmente e mais clara ventralmente. Distribuição geográfica Atlântico nordeste, Mediterrâneo e Adriático. Habitat e ecologia Ocorre em zonas de fundos arenosos ou lamacentos, a profundidades que variam entre 150-300m. 1 Facilmente confundível com: Phycis phycis Abrótea-da-costa Estatuto de Conservação Sinónimos Batrachoides gmelini Risso, 1810 Blennius gadoides Lacepède, 1800 Gadus albidus Gmelin, 1789 Gadus bifurcus Walbaum, 1792 Gadus blennoides Brünnich, 1768 Phycis furcatus Fleming, 1828 Phycis tinca Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Urophycis blennioides (Brünnich, 1768) Informação Adicional Pesquise mais sobre Phycis blennoides> ~ FishBase ~Marine Species Identification Portal 2 Referências Manual Prático de Identificação de Peixes Ósseos da Costa Continental Portuguesa – IPMA (2018) additional source Wheeler, A. (1992). A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(Suppl. A): 1-37 [details] additional source Brünnich, M.T. (1768). Ichthyologia Massiliensis, sistens piscium descriptiones eorumque apud incolas nomina. Accedunt Spolia Maris Adriatici. Hafniae et Lipsiae. i-xvi + 1-110. [In 2 parts; first as i-xvi + 1-84; 2nd as Spolia e Mari Adriatica reportata: 85-110.]. [details] additional source Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2017). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. , available online at http://www.fishbase.org [details] basis of record van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversidade Funcional Da Ictiofauna Da Zona De Arrebentação De Jaguaribe (...)
    FAVERO, FLT. Diversidade funcional da ictiofauna da zona de arrebentação de Jaguaribe (...) UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DE PERNAMBUCO PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM RECURSOS PESQUEIROS E AQUICULTURA DIVERSIDADE FUNCIONAL DA ICTIOFAUNA DA ZONA DE ARREBENTAÇÃO DE JAGUARIBE, ITAMARACÁ, LITORAL NORTE DE PERNAMBUCO Fernanda de Lima Toledo Favero Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, como exigência para obtenção do título de Mestre. Prof. Dr. WILLIAM SEVERI Orientador Recife, Agosto/ 2019 FAVERO, FLT. Diversidade funcional da ictiofauna da zona de arrebentação de Jaguaribe (...) 2 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas da UFRPE Biblioteca Central, Recife-PE, Brasil F273d Favero, Fernanda de Lima Toledo. Diversidade funcional da ictiofauna da zona de arrebentação de Jaguaribe, Itamaracá, litoral norte de Pernambuco / Fernanda de Lima Toledo Favero. – Recife, 2019. 66 f.: il. Orientador(a): William Severi. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura, Recife, BR-PE, 2019. Inclui referências. 1. Guildas funcionais 2. Ecomorfologia 3. Índices de diversidade funcional I. Severi, William, orient. II. Título. CDD 639.3 FAVERO, FLT. Diversidade funcional da ictiofauna da zona de arrebentação de Jaguaribe (...) 3 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DE PERNAMBUCO PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM RECURSOS PESQUEIROS E AQÜICULTURA DIVERSIDADE FUNCIONAL DA ICTIOFAUNA DA ZONA DE ARREBENTAÇÃO DE JAGUARIBE, ITAMARACÁ, LITORAL NORTE DE PERNAMBUCO Fernanda de Lima Toledo Favero Dissertação julgada adequada para obtenção do título de mestre em Recursos Pesqueiros e Aquicultura.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1297 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 917B
    Page 1297 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 917b 1923, as amended’’ on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, § 7(b), classified principally to chapter 38 (§ 1801 et seq.) of this Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631 (the first section of which en- title. For complete classification of this Act to the acted Title 5, Government Organization and Employ- Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1801 of ees), and of section 1106(a) of act Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, this title and Tables. title XI, 63 Stat. 972, which provided that references in MENDMENTS other laws to the Classification Act of 1923 shall be con- A sidered to mean the Classification Act of 1949. 1996—Par. (3). Pub. L. 104–208 substituted ‘‘Magnuson- In cl. (b), ‘‘subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5 and Stevens Fishery’’ for ‘‘Magnuson Fishery’’. section 5731(a) of title 5’’ substituted for ‘‘the Travel 1980—Par. (3). Pub. L. 96–561 substituted ‘‘Magnuson Expense Act of 1949 and section 10 of the Act of March Fishery Conservation and Management Act’’ for ‘‘Fish- 3, 1933 (U.S.C., title 5, sec. 73b)’’ on authority of Pub. L. ery Conservation and Management Act of 1976’’. 89–554, § 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT In cl. (e), ‘‘section 501 of title 44’’ substituted for Section 101(a) [title II, § 211(b)] of div. A of Pub. L. ‘‘section 11 of the Act of March 1, 1919 (U.S.C., title 44, 104–208 provided that the amendment made by that sec- sec.
    [Show full text]
  • Sharkcam Fishes
    SharkCam Fishes A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower By Erin J. Burge, Christopher E. O’Brien, and jon-newbie 1 Table of Contents Identification Images Species Profiles Additional Info Index Trevor Mendelow, designer of SharkCam, on August 31, 2014, the day of the original SharkCam installation. SharkCam Fishes. A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower. 5th edition by Erin J. Burge, Christopher E. O’Brien, and jon-newbie is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. For questions related to this guide or its usage contact Erin Burge. The suggested citation for this guide is: Burge EJ, CE O’Brien and jon-newbie. 2020. SharkCam Fishes. A Guide to Nekton at Frying Pan Tower. 5th edition. Los Angeles: Explore.org Ocean Frontiers. 201 pp. Available online http://explore.org/live-cams/player/shark-cam. Guide version 5.0. 24 February 2020. 2 Table of Contents Identification Images Species Profiles Additional Info Index TABLE OF CONTENTS SILVERY FISHES (23) ........................... 47 African Pompano ......................................... 48 FOREWORD AND INTRODUCTION .............. 6 Crevalle Jack ................................................. 49 IDENTIFICATION IMAGES ...................... 10 Permit .......................................................... 50 Sharks and Rays ........................................ 10 Almaco Jack ................................................. 51 Illustrations of SharkCam
    [Show full text]