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A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast Fishes THIRD EDITION GSMFC No. 300 NOVEMBER 2020 i Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Commissioners and Proxies ALABAMA Senator R.L. “Bret” Allain, II Chris Blankenship, Commissioner State Senator District 21 Alabama Department of Conservation Franklin, Louisiana and Natural Resources John Roussel Montgomery, Alabama Zachary, Louisiana Representative Chris Pringle Mobile, Alabama MISSISSIPPI Chris Nelson Joe Spraggins, Executive Director Bon Secour Fisheries, Inc. Mississippi Department of Marine Bon Secour, Alabama Resources Biloxi, Mississippi FLORIDA Read Hendon Eric Sutton, Executive Director USM/Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Florida Fish and Wildlife Ocean Springs, Mississippi Conservation Commission Tallahassee, Florida TEXAS Representative Jay Trumbull Carter Smith, Executive Director Tallahassee, Florida Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Austin, Texas LOUISIANA Doug Boyd Jack Montoucet, Secretary Boerne, Texas Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Baton Rouge, Louisiana GSMFC Staff ASMFC Staff Mr. David M. Donaldson Mr. Bob Beal Executive Director Executive Director Mr. Steven J. VanderKooy Mr. Jeffrey Kipp IJF Program Coordinator Stock Assessment Scientist Ms. Debora McIntyre Dr. Kristen Anstead IJF Staff Assistant Fisheries Scientist ii A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast Fishes Third Edition Edited by Steve VanderKooy Jessica Carroll Scott Elzey Jessica Gilmore Jeffrey Kipp Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission 2404 Government St Ocean Springs, MS 39564 and Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission 1050 N. Highland Street Suite 200 A-N Arlington, VA 22201 Publication Number 300 November 2020 A publication of the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award Number NA15NMF4070076 and NA15NMF4720399. This paper is funded by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The views expressed wherein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. iii Contributors Ms. Isis Longo Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Mr. Prince Robinson Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Dr. Gary Fitzhugh NOAA Fisheries/Panama City Laboratory Dr. Robert Allman NOAA Fisheries/Panama City Laboratory Mr. Doug DeVries NOAA Fisheries/Panama City Laboratory Mr. Chris Palmer NOAA Fisheries/Panama City Laboratory Mr. Eric Robillard NOAA Fisheries/Woods Hole Lab Ms. Jennifer Potts NOAA Fisheries/Beaufort Laboratory Ms. Amanda Rezek NOAA Fisheries/Beaufort Laboratory Ms. Beverly Barnett NOAA Fisheries/Panama City Laboratory Ms. Heather Moncrief-Cox NOAA Fisheries/Panama City Laboratory Dr. Linda Lombardi-Carlson NOAA Fisheries/Panama City Laboratory Dr. Debra Murie University of Florida Mr. Britt Bumguardner Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Mr. Joel Anderson Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Ms. Jaime Miller Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources/Marine Resources Division Mr. John Mareska Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources/Marine Resources Division Ms. Jessica Carroll Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Ms. Carly Somerset Mississippi Department of Marine Resources Mr. Jeffrey Kipp Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Ms. Jessica Gilmore Old Dominion University - Virginia Marine Resources Commission Dr. Hongsheng Hank Liao Old Dominion University - Virginia Marine Resources Commission Ms. Nicole Lengyel Costa Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management Mr. Scott Elzey Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Ms. Cheri Patterson New Hampshire Fish and Game Mr. Mark Alexander Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Mr. David Molnar Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Dr. Virginia Shervette University of South Carolina Aiken Ms. Heather Corbet New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Dr. Ken Oliveira University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Mr. Jonathan Tucker South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Mr. Joe Evans South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Mr. Zach Brooker South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Mr. Adam Lytton South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Mr. Byron White South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Dr. Joey Ballenger South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Mr. Joe Cowan South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Mr. Justin Yost South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Dr. James Franks USM/Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Dr. Robert Leaf USM/Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Ms. Kasea L. Price USM/Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Mr. Gary Gray USM/Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Dr. Matt Cieri Maine Department of Natural Resources Mr. Jameson Gregg Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences Mr. James Davies Old Dominion University Mr. Randy Gregory North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Ms. Caitlin Phelps North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Ms. Donna McDowell Georgia Department of Natural Resources Mr. Chris Kalinowsky Georgia Department of Natural Resources Ms. Amanda Jefferson Mississippi State University Extension/Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium Dr. James Marcus Drymon Mississippi State University Extension/Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium Mr. Matthew Jargowsky Mississippi State University Extension/Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium iv Table of Contents Commissioners and Proxies ........................................................................................................................ii Title Page ................................................................................................................................................... iii Contributors .............................................................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................v Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................................... x Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... xi 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1-1 2.0 Pre-ageing Considerations ................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1 Introduction to Annual Growth Zones .......................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Structure Choice ........................................................................................................................... 2-2 2.3 Annulus Validation ........................................................................................................................ 2-2 2.3.1 Physical/External Marking ...................................................................................................... 2-2 2.3.2 Chemical Marking .................................................................................................................. 2-3 2.3.3 Marginal Increment Analysis (MIA) ........................................................................................ 2-3 2.3.4 Radiocarbon 14C ...................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.3.5 Otolith Microchemistry .......................................................................................................... 2-5 2.4 Archiving and Long-Term Storage ................................................................................................. 2-6 2.4.1 Concerns with Long-Term Physical Storage ............................................................................ 2-6 2.4.2 Benefits of Long-term Physical Storage .................................................................................. 2-7 2.4.3 Digital Storage ........................................................................................................................ 2-7 2.4.3.1 Benefits of Digital Storage ............................................................................................... 2-7 2.4.3.2 Concerns with Digital Storage ......................................................................................... 2-7 3.0 Otoliths ............................................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Introduction (Function, history, pros and cons) ............................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Preparing Otoliths for Ageing ....................................................................................................... 3-4 3.2.1 Otolith Removal ..................................................................................................................... 3-4 3.2.2 Cleaning Otoliths .................................................................................................................... 3-6 3.2.3 Evaluating Otolith Condition .................................................................................................
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