Pastoral Care of the Homeless in Asia and Oceania
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PASTORAL CARE OF THE HOMELESS IN ASIA AND OCEANIA AN ADDRESS TO THE 1ST INTEGRATED MEETING FOR THE PASTORAL CARE OF THE ROAD/STREET FOR THE CONTINENTS OF ASIA AND OCEANIA Homeless people are invisible. If they become visible, it is because they are an embarrassment, in the way they clutter our tidy streets or an annoyance when they beg for money. If any of them venture into our churches, they do not fit in. They may not be clean or well-dressed enough or know how to act in acceptable ways. Yet there is an unambiguous Gospel imperative to care for the poor. In fact, Jesus says I was hungry and you gave me food; I was thirsty and you gave me drink; I was a stranger and you made me welcome; naked and you clothed me; sick and you visited me, in prison and you came to see me. (Matt 25: 35-37) To put it another way: The right to housing belongs not only to the individual as such, but also to the family, made up of several individuals. The family, as the basic cell of society, has a full right to housing adequate to its needs, so that it can develop a genuine domestic communion. (Pope John Paul 11 ) (1) Homelessness in Australia. There are 105,000 people homeless on any given night in Australia, based on the Counting the homeless segment of the 2006 census. (2) Among these are 7, 483 families with children. On census night 2006, there were 26,790 families without a home to call their own. This is an increase of 17% since the 2001 census. 12,133 or 12% are children under 12. Another 21% or 21,940 are children and young people aged 12 to 18, most of them homeless as well as estranged from their families. (3) 17% are people over 55, almost 18,000 people. Of these, 64% are men and 36% are women. There are about 42,000 homeless women in Australia, an increasing number of them elderly. There are few crisis beds available for this group. Asylum seekers have become Australia’s invisible homeless, because the Australian Bureau of Statistics does not track them. A 2009 survey in Victoria found that 78% of this group on the Asylum Seeker Assistance Scheme met the government definition for homelessness. Among the street homeless, 75% have been found to have mental illness. 23% of homeless men and 46% of homeless women have schizophrenia, in contrast to 1% of the general population. People with disabilities, especially women, make up another invisible group. Indigenous people are over-represented in every category of homelessness. While they represent 2.4% of the population, they represent 10% of the homeless. Rates are much higher in rural areas where they represent 69% of homelessness service users and in remote areas where they make up 88% of service users. 1 Causes. Homelessness can be caused by poverty, unemployment and by a critical shortage of affordable housing. Domestic violence, family breakdown, mental illness, addiction, financial difficulty, gambling and social isolation can all be triggers. Even top executives can become homeless following a mental breakdown. Family homelessness: Domestic and family violence and the shortage of affordable housing and appropriate housing support Almost half of the women with children seeking assistance from homelessness services are homeless because of domestic violence. Indigenous women are much more likely to be victims of domestic violence than non-indigenous women. Nearly 30% of the children accessing these services are Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Homelessness of older Australians: Lack of affordable housing, including the shortage of public housing. The loss of private boarding houses in cities and caravans on Australia’s east coast has compounded the problem in recent years. People with disabilities Exacerbating this is the severe lack of appropriately modified housing which is secure and close to transport and amenities and lack of support services. Indigenous people Many indigenous people live in overcrowded conditions which can contribute to ill health and family violence, disrupt education and work. Many indigenous settlements lack good quality amenities. Many indigenous people live in remote areas and have to travel to regional centres at access basic services. In town, they may stay with family in overcrowded houses or sleep rough. Some live in public places in urban areas, either temporarily or permanently. Some may wish to return to their home area but need services only available in urban areas. Others lack the means to travel home. At present, we are between almost 180,000 and 230,000 properties short to adequately house our population. That is made worse for the bottom 40% of income earners. These are short almost 500,000 rental properties. Because higher income earners can’t buy, they rent and can out-bid low income earners. Solutions: A holistic, comprehensive national action plan to prevent and respond to homelessness in Australia. Australia’s long-term reform plan, begun in 2008, aims to increase the supply of affordable housing by 80,000 units by 2012, halve the number of homeless and offer housing to all people sleeping rough by 2020. Homelessness is seen to be about failures in education, mental health services, child protection, services to the aged, social security and housing. It is what happens when a social system is riddled with cracks. Specific Federal funding for innovative models of aged care and housing services for people with histories of homelessness and marginal housing. 2 Australia’s White Paper on Homelessness (4) states that it is everyone’s responsibility to try to end homelessness. It involves local communities, corporate Australia, every level of government and the homelessness service system in coming together to build solutions. It could well be said that it is also the Church’s responsibility, at every level and in every place. From 2009, the National Affordable Housing Agreement (NAHA)(5) aims to ensure that all Australians have access to affordable, safe and sustainable housing that contributes to social and economic participation. The NAHA is supported by National Partnership Agreements on: Social housing Homelessness Indigenous Australians living in remote areas. Social housing The Federal Government will provide $400 million. The States and territories will increase the supply of social housing by 1600-2100 additional dwellings by 2011. These will be targeted at groups of people at particular risk of homelessness. Homelessness Federal funding will be $1.1 billion. Implementation of A Place to Call Home (6) This is a Commonwealth/ State initiative to build 600 new homes for individuals and families experiencing homelessness. Federal funding is $150 million. Funding is for: * the cost of building new accommodation, making spot purchases and/or the renovation of suitable public housing properties to provide long-term affordable housing for people experiencing homelessness and * the provision of support services to help people break the cycle of homelessness. People assisted under A Place to Call Home move directly into permanent housing. They receive tenancy and other support services for the first 12 months to help them address the issues that led to homelessness and reintegrate into the wider community. Tenants are able to remain in their homes at the send of the support period. The dwellings are transferred to the public housing pool in each State/territory. Street to home initiatives for chronic homeless people (rough sleepers). This includes initiatives such as Common Ground which takes people from the streets and places them in permanent housing with built- in support services. In a typical Common Ground building, half the tenants are former rough sleepers and half are low income earners. Common Ground projects are operating in Adelaide and are moving towards completion in Melbourne, Brisbane, Sydney and Hobart. Tenancy support for private and public tenants including advocacy, financial counseling and referral services to help people sustain tenancies. Assistance for people leaving child protection, jail and health facilities to access and maintain stable, affordable housing. 3 States and Territories will also provide support and services to groups at special risk of homelessness such as: Homeless older people, homeless people with mental illness and drug and alcohol issues, young people, women and children escaping domestic violence, and families with children. Remote and Indigenous Housing: Federal funding of $5.5 billion over 10 years will provide: Up to 4,200 new houses in Indigenous communities Upgrades to 4,800 existing houses, with major repairs or replacements. Funding is also provided for minor repairs and a maintenance program, improvements in town camps and provision of employment related accommodation. PASTORAL CARE OF THE HOMELESS Throughout Australia, the St Vincent de Paul Society runs shelters for homeless people. There is real Christian compassion and care shown to the people. modifications have been made to increase privacy and security of possessions. Showers and new clothes ensure that people retain their dignity. SYDNEY New South Wales Matthew Talbot Hostel is a work of the St Vincent de Paul Society which houses over 50 men each night and provides meals, showers and new clothes for hundreds more. Mass is celebrated there each Sunday. Cana Communities in Sydney has regular Masses, attended by street people, those from shelters and others who have been homeless. The mission of Cana Communities is to those who have the least options, such as ex-prisoners. Those who attend participate fully, and prayers of the faithful may go on for some time. For years there have been Masses each week celebrated in a cycle of small community houses. Café Cana gives homeless people a place to come and talk over a cup of coffee. Teresa House provides overnight shelter and friendship one night a week to people who are sleeping rough.