DOCSLIB.ORG

The Romance of Engines List of Chapters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Romance of Engines List of Chapters The Romance of Engines List of Chapters Chapter 1 Why Was the Engine Needed? Chapter 10 Carnot’s Dream, Adiabatic Engine (I) Water Keeper Christiaan Huygens’ Idea Oil Shock and Enforcement of the Clean Air Act Beginning of the Steam Engine Idea of Adiabatic Engine Chapter 2 A Great Work of the Early Period: War and Development of Scientific Technology Newcomen’s Steam Engine Basis of Energy Saving Fundamental Reformation of the Heat Engine Appendix A10 Heat Loss in Theoretical Cycle and Young Man Potta’s Tenacious Spirit Recovery of Exhaust Gas Energy Chapter 3 The Watt Steam Engine Grew from a Chapter 11 Carnot’s Dream, Adiabatic Engine (II) Model Steam Engine Challenge by Isuzu and Hino An Indispensable Problem-Solving Technique Revival of Compound Engine The White Pigeon Appendix A11-1 Founder of Compound Engine Watt’s Idea for His New Engine Came from the Appendix A11-2 Combustion Phenomenon on Newcomen Engine Heat-Insulated Engine Appendix A11-3 Fruit of Research on Heat- Chapter 4 How Was an Internal-Combustion Insulated Engine Engine Established? Barrier Against the Birth of the Internal- Chapter 12 Otto Is Also a Pioneer in the Use of Combustion Engine Exhaust Gas Energy Who Conceived the Principle of the Four-Stroke Historic EHV Engine Cycle Engine? Idea Bought by Sugar Company Appendix A4 Compression Ratio and Thermal Idea of Double Expansion Efficiency End of the Harrah Museum and Its Miraculous Revival Chapter 5 The Mind of Nicolaus August Otto Appendix A12 Otto’s Double Expansion Engine The Source of Inspiration in Solving a Problem Is Consciousness Chapter 13 Problem of Cooling (I) Otto’s Dream Surviving in Present Measures on Renovation of Curtiss Exhaust Gas What Caused the Prestigious Company to Decline? Chapter 6 Truth About the Completion of the Otto Engine Chapter 14 Talk About Oil Cooler Have a Support Person Control of Combustion Maybach’s Two Distinguished Services Efficiency Enhancement of Oil Cooler Chapter 7 The Problems of Piston and Cylinder Chapter 15 Discussion of the Hino Micro Mixing We Still Have Seizure Problems System Lubricating Oil Consumption and Engine Life Indirect or Direct Fuel Injection? Two Key Factors to Extending Engine Life Diesel Engine Manufacturers Worldwide Were Appendix A7 Critical ‘’Diseases’’ in Engine Life at a Loss Search for Mysterious Port Chapter 8 Engine Life and Cylinder Appendix A15-1 NOx Emission from Direct Life of Aircraft and Automotive Engines and Indirect Injection Engines Invention of Boron Cylinder Liner Appendix A15-2 In-Cylinder Air Turbulence Main Factors in Extending Engine Life and HMMS Chapter 9 Another Genius, Sadi Carnot Appendix A15-3 Hypothesis of HMMS Unrealizable Carnot’s Cycle Appendix A15-4 Turbulence Generation Carnot’s Excellent Idea Mechamsm in HMMS Writing Between Military Services Chapter 16 Problem of Cooling (II) Appendix A9 Exergie and Anergie in Engine Michelotti’s Rejection Regie Renault Getting Nervous Design of Engine Compartment The Romance of Engines High-Speed Plane Ki-83 Chapter 27 Dream in Star-Shaped, Radial Appendix A16 Contessa’s Cooling System Engine (I) What Is a Star-Shaped Engine (Radial Engine)? Chapter 17 Fate Depended on Engine Compartment Hino Motors and GM Oppose Each Other with Water-Cooled Rear Engine Car Tucker Stars Afloat on Sea Excess Idea Backfired Success of Gnome Engine Tucker Car Likes Old Crow (Kentucky Bourbon) Appendix A27-1 The Gnome Engine Was Formed from an Abundance of Ideas Chapter 18 An Engine Compartment That Ruined Appendix A27-2 The Origin and Growth of the Third Reich Gasuden’s Aeroengines, the Shimpu Appearance of Four-Engine Strategic Bomber (KAMIKAZE) and the Tempu (AMAKAZE) Lessons from Japan and United States Prototype Planes Chapter 28 Dream in Star-Shaped, Radial Engine (II) Chapter 19 An Engine Compartment That Saved a Century’s Masterpiece Born from a Hungry Spirit Nation Tragedy of Langley’s Aerodome Development of Lancaster The Root of the ”Star” or Radial Engine Was in Chadwick’s ExtraordinaryTalent Australia Chapter 20 Twin Beauties, Quadruplets and Their More Valve Consumed Than Fuel Early Death Appendix A28 Cooling Problem in the ABC Engine Bugatti, the Best Among Beauties Chapter 29 A Group of Fallen ”Stars” (Radial Development of a Parallel Eight-Cylinder Engine) Coupled EngIne Brief Appearance and Extinction Like a Meteor Chapter 21 Imitation of Porsche People Tracing ”Stars” (Radial Engine) Masterpiece RenauIt 4CV Product Value Increased by Technology Fulfilling Birth of Volkswagen the Users’ Needs Chapter 22 Rolls-Royce Copying Daimler Chapter 30 Six-Monkey Village or SaImson Still Long Story Deriving from a Stolen Engine Carrying Its Point Royce’s Decision The First and Last Water-Cooled Radial Engine Successors of Mercedes Canton-Unné Engine Salmson’s Successor Chapter 23 Talk About Knocking Salmson’s Progressive Idea Admired by Benz Knocking Phenomenon Appendix A30-1 Internal Moment of Engine Kettering Permitted the Peeping Appendix A30-2 Canton-Unné System Controlling the Knocking Appendix A30-3 Similarities Between the Benz Victory as a Result of Teamwork Formula Engine and the Salmson Engine Is Knocking Actually Detonation? Chapter 31 Do ”Stars” (Radial Engines) Twinkle Chapter 24 Energy Conservation and Tank Again? Designer The Fate of Radial Engines Like a Comet Characteristics of X Car Trial Manufacture of a Liquid-Cooled Radial Engine Problem in F-F Use in the United States and Germany Chapter 25 Dead Copy Saved Nation Roots of French and American ”Stars” Really Wonderful Christie Tank Do the ”Stars” Go Out? Future of New American Appearance of the T34 Tank and German ”Stars” Difference Between the Russian and Japanese Appendix A31 Zoche Aero Diesel Engine Engineering Staffs Chapter 32 Glory and Tragedy of Packard (I) Chapter 26 The Enigma of the T34 Tank Impact of Life Magazine Excellent Soviet Union Engineering Staff Achievement of Successive World Records by Why Was the Christie Tank Sold? Packard Christie Had Made a Mistake, but He Did Not Sell Fierce Competition in Improvement His Soul Benz and MAN’s Idea Appendix A26 B2 (or V2) Diesel Engine for T34 Tank Shortcomings of Diesel Engine Advantages of Diesel Engine The Romance of Engines Chapter 33 Glory and Tragedy of Packard (ll) Insufficient Heat Treatment of Crankshaft America Trailing Behind Europe Historical Process of Change to Shell Bearing Packard’s Challenge for Lightweight Diesel Engine Evaluation of Bearing Design Fatal Blow Due to a Wife’s Complaint Leap of Technology Disasters Made Further Attack Accuracy of Roller Bearing Essence of Failure Chapter 39 Looking Into the Future: I. What About Packard’s Concern Stirling Engine? Appendix A33-1 Combustion in Packard Diesel Revival of Stirling Engine Engine Faded Charm AppendIx A33-2 How the Packard Diesel Affixed Appendix A39-1 Fuel Consumption of Stirling the Cylinder Engine Chapter 34 Glory and Tragedy of Packard (III) Appendix A39-2 Noise Emission From a Truck Playing Active Role in World War II Chapter 40 Looking Into the Future: II. What About Packard’s Advanced Technology Fast the Gas Turbine? Bad Luck Was the Cause The Hope for Gas Turbine Excessive Quality and Inadequate Quality Control Gas Turbine Sleeping in Museum Appendix A34 Cavitation Pitting of Cylinder Liner Why Did Ford Discontinue Its Project? Wall Expecting a Breakthrough for Practical Application Chapter 35 Voyager and KOKENKI Appendix A40 Gas Turbine Jointly Developed by Voyager Was Conceived on a Paper Napkin Toyota and Hino The Essence of Engineering Management Chapter 41 Looking Into the Future: Ill. What Well-Conceived Design About Hydrogen Engine? Admirable Decision to Land Far Before Fuel Development of Hydrogen Engine Shortage Appendix A41 Hydrogen Diesel Engine Appendix A35 KOKENKI’s Lean Burn Chapter 42 Looking Into the Future: IV. What Chapter 36 The Mystique of the Daimler-Benz About Hybrid Engine? DB601 Engine (I) Is It a Combination Engine or a Miscegenation of Fateful Confrontation Engines? Beauty with Her Head Changed HIMR Begins Running The Story of Engine Bearing Inverter Most Difficult to Develop Engineering and Company Compose an Integral Hybrid System in the Future Body Appendix A36 Dyna Panhard Engine Chapter 43 Onward to the Future Comparison of Major Engines at Present and Chapter 37 The Mystique of Daimler-Benz DB601 Alternative Engines (Powerplants) Engine (II) Trade-Off Among Nitrogen Oxide and Other A Basic Point Is Sometimes a Blind Spot Emissions Testimony Obtained in Europe Result of the ACE Research on Combustion; Is There Evidence That the Roller Bearings Were Unique Mode of Combustion Ill-Suited for Use? Why Was Diesel Selected as the Basis of Appendix A37 Hino EA 100 Engine Research? Chapter 38 The Mystique of the Daimler-Benz Progress of Engine-Related Technologies DB601 Engine (III) Catalyst and Catalytic Engine Hitler’s Anger Scientific Technology That Is Harmonious with Tracing Troubles in Japan Nature Major Causes of Trouble Appendix A43-1 Diesel Combustion with Could the Trouble Be Overcome? High-Pressure Fuel Injection Is the Use of Roller Bearings Appropriate? Appendix A43-2 Catalytic Engine Appendix A38-1 Alfa Romeo P2 Engine Epilogue Appendix A38-2 DB601Engine Appendix A38-3 Supplement to Failure Analysis of References Crankshaft Bearing of DB601 Engine Index.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Evolution of Diesel Engines
    GENERAL ARTICLE The Evolution of Diesel Engines U Shrinivasa Rudolf Diesel thought of an engine which is inherently more efficient than the steam engines of the end-nineteenth century, for providing motive power in a distributed way. His intense perseverance, spread over a decade, led to the engines of today which bear his name. U Shrinivasa teaches Steam Engines: History vibrations and dynamics of machinery at the Department The origin of diesel engines is intimately related to the history of of Mechanical Engineering, steam engines. The Greeks and the Romans knew that steam IISc. His other interests include the use of straight could somehow be harnessed to do useful work. The device vegetable oils in diesel aeolipile (Figure 1) known to Hero of Alexandria was a primitive engines for sustainable reaction turbine apparently used to open temple doors! However development and working this aspect of obtaining power from steam was soon forgotten and with CAE applications in the industries. millennia later when there was a requirement for lifting water from coal mines, steam was introduced into a large vessel and quenched to create a low pressure for sucking the water to be pumped. Newcomen in 1710 introduced a cylinder piston ar- rangement and a hinged beam (Figure 2) such that water could be pumped from greater depths. The condensing steam in the cylin- der pulled the piston down to create the pumping action. Another half a century later, in 1765, James Watt avoided the cooling of the hot chamber containing steam by adding a separate condensing chamber (Figure 3). This successful steam engine pump found investors to manufacture it but the coal mines already had horses to lift the water to be pumped.
    [Show full text]
  • Steam As a General Purpose Technology: a Growth Accounting Perspective
    Working Paper No. 75/03 Steam as a General Purpose Technology: A Growth Accounting Perspective Nicholas Crafts © Nicholas Crafts Department of Economic History London School of Economics May 2003 Department of Economic History London School of Economics Houghton Street London, WC2A 2AE Tel: +44 (0)20 7955 6399 Fax: +44 (0)20 7955 7730 1. Introduction* In recent years there has been an upsurge of interest among growth economists in General Purpose Technologies (GPTs). A GPT can be defined as "a technology that initially has much scope for improvement and evntually comes to be widely used, to have many uses, and to have many Hicksian and technological complementarities" (Lipsey et al., 1998a, p. 43). Electricity, steam and information and communications technologies (ICT) are generally regarded as being among the most important examples. An interesting aspect of the occasional arrival of new GPTs that dominate macroeconomic outcomes is that they imply that the growth process may be subject to episodes of sharp acceleration and deceleration. The initial impact of a GPT on overall productivity growth is typically minimal and the realization of its eventual potential may take several decades such that the largest growth effects are quite long- delayed, as with electricity in the early twentieth century (David, 1991). Subsequently, as the scope of the technology is finally exhausted, its impact on growth will fade away. If, at that point, a new GPT is yet to be discovered or only in its infancy, a growth slowdown might be observed. A good example of this is taken by the GPT literature to be the hiatus between steam and electricity in the later nineteenth century (Lipsey et al., 1998b), echoing the famous hypothesis first advanced by Phelps-Brown and Handfield-Jones, 1952) to explain the climacteric in British economic growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Steam Engine Use and Development
    STEAM ENGINE USE AND DEVELOPMENT A diagram of Cameron's aero-steam engine, from an 1876 dictionary The first industrial applications of the vacuum engines were in the pumping of water from deep mineshafts. The Newcomen steam engine [[12]] operated by admitting steam to the operating chamber, closing the valve, and then admitting a spray of cold water. The water vapor condenses to a much smaller volume of water, creating a vacuum in the chamber. Atmospheric pressure, operating on the opposite side of a piston, pushes the piston to the bottom of the chamber. In mineshaft pumps, the piston was connected to an operating rod that descended the shaft to a pump chamber. The oscillations of the operating rod are transferred to a pump piston that moves the water, through check valves, to the top of the shaft. The first significant improvement, 60 years later, was creation of a separate condensing chamber with a valve between the operating chamber and the condensing chamber. This improvement was invented on Glasgow Green, Scotland by James Watt[[13]] and subsequently developed by him in Birmingham, England, to produce the Watt steam engine [[14]] with greatly increased efficiency. The next improvement was the replacement of manually operated valves with valves operated by the engine itself. In 1802 William Symington built the "first practical steamboat", and in 1807 Robert Fulton used the Watt steam engine to power the first commercially successful steamboat. Such early vacuum, or condensing, engines are severely limited in their efficiency but are relatively safe since the steam is at very low pressure and structural failure of the engine will be by inward collapse rather than an outward explosion.
    [Show full text]
  • BID 19-18 Construct CECO to Cherry Hill Connection
    CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND BID NO. 19-18-55070 Construct CECO to Cherry Hill Connection CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND: ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION DIVISION Cecil County Finance Department/ Purchasing Division 200 Chesapeake Blvd, Suite 1400 Elkton MD 21921 [email protected] 410-996-5395 CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND BID NO. 19-18-55070 Construct CECO to Cherry Hill Connection TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES INVITATION TO BID IFB-1 – IFB-2 NOTICE TO BIDDERS NTB-1 LOCAL CONTRACTORS PREFERENCE LCP-1 NON-RESIDENT CONTRACTOR NOTIFICATION NRCN-1 CERTIFICATION FOR BIDDER'S QUALIFICATIONS CBQ-1 EXPERIENCE AND EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION EEC -1 – EEC-4 STATE OF MARYLAND SALES AND USE TAX SUT-1 BIDDER'S SIGNATURE FOR IDENTIFICATION BSI-1 PROPOSAL P-1 - P-5 BIDDER’S CERTIFICATION OF PROPOSAL BC-1 GENERAL PROVISIONS GP-1 - GP-14 SPECIAL PROVISIONS SP-1 - SP-6 HOLD HARMLESS AGREEMENT HHA-1 CONTRACTOR BID CHECKLIST CKL-1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 012000 – MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 013120 – PROJECT MEETINGS 013300 – SUBMITTALS 017700 – CONTRACT CLOSEOUT 029550 – SEWER MAINS AND LATERAL REHABILITATION BY LINING 032370 – CORE DRILL INTO EXISTING MANHOLE 033000 – CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE CECIL COUNTY, MARYLAND BID NO. 19-18-55070 034000 – PRECAST CONCRETE UTILITY STRUCTURES 034150 – EPOXY LINING CONCRETE STRUCTURES 233416 – VENTILATION/ODOR CONTROL SYSTEM 260519 – LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL POWER CONDUCTORS AND CABLES 260526 – GROUNDING AND BONDING FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 260529 – HANGERS AND SUPPORTS FOR ELETRICAL SYSTEMS 260533 – RACEWAYS AND BOXES FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 260543 –
    [Show full text]
  • Researching Engine Cycles and Building a Steam Engine
    Researching Engine Cycles and Building a Steam Engine Xander Stabile Dr. Dann ASR A Block 1 May, 2020 Abstract: The ultimate goal of this project is to design and build a steam engine, with the goal of learning about various engine cycles while building essential mechanical skills. A dual piston steam engine was manufactured using machined brass parts: two brass pistons, a cylinder assembly, and a crankshaft. The crankshaft is fixed horizontally between two wooden vertical mounts on a wooden base, and the cylinder assembly is fixed to the same wooden base with its own separate wooden stand. With the crankshaft achieving a max rotational speed of around 957 RPM, this engine could be implemented into medium sized toys or light-duty machinery. Stabile 1 I. Big Idea In my second semester ASR independent research project I will be building a steam engine, following many different prototypes and extensive research into engine cycles of both gasoline engines and Stirling engines. After making the prototype engines, I will build the final steam engine by implementing the effective methods I will learn from building the various prototypes. Simultaneously, I will learn how both steam engines and gas engines work, as well as their uses in the world today, their differences, and their similarities and differences in their ideal engine pressure/volume cycles. I will be pursuing engineering in college, most likely a major that heavily involves mechanical engineering. Biomedical engineering/Biomechanics, which is my current planned major, involves mechanical systems in biological contexts. So, for my second semester ASR research project, I knew that I wanted to pursue a project that was heavily mechanical, and could even allow me to begin to explore machining parts to create a final product.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin 173 Plate 1 Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum
    U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 173 PLATE 1 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 173 CATALOG OF THE MECHANICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE DIVISION OF ENGINEERING UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BY FRANK A. TAYLOR UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1939 For lale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 50 cents ADVERTISEMENT Tlie scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collec- tions of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organi- zations and to specialists and others interested in the different sub- jects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. Tlie series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, contains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of type specimens and special collections, and other material of simi- lar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear vol- umes under the heading Contrihutions from the United States Na- tional Eerharium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Steam Engines of Which We Have Any Knowledge Were
    A T H OROUGH AND PR ACT I CAL PR ESENT AT I ON OF MODER N ST EAM ENGI NE PR ACT I CE LLEWELLY DY N . I U M . E . V i P O F S S O O F X P M L G G P U DU U V S Y R E R E ERI ENTA EN INEERIN , R E NI ER IT AM ERICAN S O CIETY O F M ECH ANI C A L EN G INEERS I LL US T RA T ED AM ER ICA N T ECH N ICA L SOCIET Y C H ICAGO 19 17 CO PY GH 19 12 19 17 B Y RI T , , , AM ER ICA N T ECH N ICAL SOCIET Y CO PY RIG H TE D IN G REAT B RITAI N A L L RIGH TS RE S ERV E D 4 8 1 8 9 6 "GI. A INT RO DUCT IO N n m n ne w e e b e the ma es o ss H E moder stea e gi , h th r it j tic C rli , which so silently o pe rates the m assive e le ctric generators in f r mun a owe an s o r the an o o mo e w one o ou icip l p r pl t , gi t l c tiv hich t m es an o u omman s our uns n e pulls the Limited a sixty il h r , c d ti t d n And t e e m o emen is so f ee and e fe in admiratio .
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter One Introduction
    Chapter One Introduction Feedback is a central feature of life. The process of feedback governs how we grow, respond to stress and challenge, and regulate factors such as body temperature, blood pressure and cholesterol level. The mechanisms operate at every level, from the interaction of proteins in cells to the interaction of organisms in complex ecologies. M. B. Hoagland and B. Dodson, The Way Life Works, 1995 [99]. In this chapter we provide an introduction to the basic concept of feedback and the related engineering discipline of control. We focus on both historical and current examples, with the intention of providing the context for current tools in feedback and control. Much of the material in this chapter is adapted from [155], and the authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Roger Brockett and Gunter Stein to portions of this chapter. 1.1 What Is Feedback? A dynamical system is a system whose behavior changes over time, often in response to external stimulation or forcing. The term feedback refers to a situation in which two (or more) dynamical systems are connected together such that each system influences the other and their dynamics are thus strongly coupled. Simple causal reasoning about a feedback system is difficult because the first system influences the second and the second system influences the first, leading to a circular argument. This makes reasoning based on cause and effect tricky, and it is necessary to analyze the system as a whole. A consequence of this is that the behavior of feedback systems is often counterintuitive, and it is therefore necessary to resort to formal methods to understand them.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diffusion of British Steam Technology and the First Creation of America's Urban Proletariat
    Skidmore College Creative Matter MALS Final Projects, 1995-2019 MALS 11-1-2000 The Diffusion of British Steam Technology and the First Creation of America's Urban Proletariat Mark Stephen Stanzione Skidmore College Follow this and additional works at: https://creativematter.skidmore.edu/mals_stu_schol Part of the Other American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Stanzione, Mark Stephen, "The Diffusion of British Steam Technology and the First Creation of America's Urban Proletariat" (2000). MALS Final Projects, 1995-2019. 109. https://creativematter.skidmore.edu/mals_stu_schol/109 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the MALS at Creative Matter. It has been accepted for inclusion in MALS Final Projects, 1995-2019 by an authorized administrator of Creative Matter. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Diffusion of British Steam Technologyand the 6i<.s-r Creation ofAmerica 's)..Urban Proletariat By Mark Stephen Stanz;one FINAL PRO.JECTSUBJVJJTJ'f<_,D JN PARTIAL FULFJJ,LMh,fll' OF lHE REQUJRElvfENTS FOR THE DEGRLE OF MASTERS OF ARTS IN LIBERAL STUDIES SKIDMORE COLIEGE April 2000 Adv(sors: Dr. Brian Black, Jvls. Sandy Greenbaum TABLE OF CON TENTS Acknowledgm ent Abstract.. ..... .. ......... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ....... 7 Introduction.. ..... .......... ifr . 1 I. The Application of Steam Engine Technology and British lndustriahzation ... II. 3 Technical Innovations in Steam Engine Technology and British Industrialization ... 19 Ill. The TransAtlantic Transfer of British Steam Engine Technology to America . 36 IV Applying American Steam Technology to Agriculture and lndus.ry .. .. .... .. ... V American Steam Technology and the Creation ofan Urban Proletariat ...... 46 Conclusion.. ......... 72 Appendix A.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 6 History of Energy Use II
    GEOS 24705 / ENST 24705 / ENSC 21100 2018 Lecture 6 History of Energy Use II 1700s: Europe’s energy crisis limits growth “Lack of energy was the major handicap of the ancien régime economies” --- F. Braudel, The Structures of Everyday Life The 18th century European energy crisis has 3 parts 1. Fuel became scarce even when only used for heat Wood was insufficient, & coal was geng hard to extract Surface “sea coal” à deep-sha mining below the water table 2. There were limited ways to make moBon No way to make moCon other than through capturing exisCng moCon or through muscle-power. 3. There was no good way to transport moon Water and wind weren’t necessarily near demand The only means out of the energy crisis was coal – but to mine the coal required mo;on for pumps. The revoluBonary soluBon = break the heat à work barrier The revoluBonary soluBon = break the heat à work barrier use heat to make ordered moAon Newcomen “Atmospheric Engine”, 1712 (Note that widespread use & Industrial Revolution followed invention by ~100 years – typical for energy technology) Physics: long understood that steam exerts force Evaporang water produces high pressure Pressure = force / area “aeliopile” “lebes”: demonstration of lifting power of steam Hero of Alexandria, “Trease on Pneumacs”, 120 BC Physics: condensing steam can produce sucCon force Low pressure in airCght container means air exerts force Same physics that lets you suck liquid through a straw First commercial use of steam: the Savery engine “A new Inven;on for Raiseing of Water and occasioning Mo;on to all Sorts of Mill Work by the Impellent Force of Fire which will be of great vse and Advantage for Drayning Mines, serveing Towns with Water, and for the Working of all Sorts of Mills where they have not the benefi of Water nor constant Windes.” Thomas Savery, patent applicaon, filed 1698 Savery engine is not a commercial success “.
    [Show full text]
  • The Newcomen Society
    The Newcomen Society for the history of engineering and technology Welcome! This Index to volumes 1 to 32 of Transactions of the Newcomen Society is freely available as a PDF file for you to print out, if you wish. If you have found this page through the search engines, and are looking for more information on a topic, please visit our online archive (http://www.newcomen.com/archive.htm). You can perform the same search there, browse through our research papers, and then download full copies if you wish. By scrolling down this document, you will get an idea of the subjects covered in Transactions (volumes dating from 1920 to 1960 only), and on which pages specific information is to be found. The most recent volumes can be ordered (in paperback form) from the Newcomen Society Office. If you would like to find out more about the Newcomen Society, please visit our main website: http://www.newcomen.com. The Index to Transactions (Please scroll down) GENERAL INDEX Advertising puffs of early patentees, VI, 78 TRANSACTIONS, VOLS. I-XXXII Aeolipyle. Notes on the aeolipyle and the Marquis of Worcester's engine, by C.F.D. Marshall, XXIII, 133-4; of Philo of 1920-1960 Byzantium, 2*; of Hero of Alexandria, 11; 45-58* XVI, 4-5*; XXX, 15, 20 An asterisk denotes an illustrated article Aerodynamical laboratory, founding of, XXVII, 3 Aborn and Jackson, wood screw factory of, XXII, 84 Aeronautics. Notes on Sir George Cayley as a pioneer of aeronautics, paper J.E. Acceleration, Leonardo's experiments with Hodgson, 111, 69-89*; early navigable falling bodies, XXVIII, 117; trials of the balloons, 73: Cayley's work on airships, 75- G.E.R.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Energy Use II, Steam Engines
    GEOS 24705 / ENST 24705 / ENSC 21100 Lecture 6 History of energy use II, steam engines The 18th century European energy crisis has 3 parts 1. Fuel became scarce even when only used for heat Wood was insufficient, & coal was geng hard to extract Surface “sea coal” à deep-sha mining below the water table 2. There were limited ways to make mo;on No way to make moCon other than through capturing exisCng moCon or through muscle-power. 3. There was no good way to transport moon Water and wind weren’t necessarily near demand The only means out of the energy crisis was coal – but to mine the coal required mo;on for pumps. The revolu;onary solu;on = break the heat à work barrier The revolu;onary solu;on = break the heat à work barrier use heat to make ordered mo-on Newcomen “Atmospheric Engine”, 1712 (Note that widespread use & Industrial Revolution followed invention by ~100 years – typical for energy technology) Physics: long understood that steam exerted force Evaporang water produces high pressure Pressure = force / area “aeliopile” “lebes”: demonstration of lifting power of steam Hero of Alexandria, “Trease on Pneumacs”, 120 BC Physics: condensing steam can produce sucCon force Low pressure in airCght container means air exerts force Same physics that lets you suck liquid through a straw First commercial use of steam: the Savery engine “A new Inven;on for Raiseing of Water and occasioning Mo;on to all Sorts of Mill Work by the Impellent Force of Fire which will be of great vse and Advantage for Drayning Mines, serveing Towns with Water, and for the Working of all Sorts of Mills where they have not the benefi of Water nor constant Windes.” Thomas Savery, patent applicaon, filed 1698 Savery engine is not a commercial success “.
    [Show full text]