EPC Exhibit 136-19.2 April 4, 2013

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

Dewey Section

To: Caroline Kent, Chair Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee

Cc: Members of the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee Karl E. Debus-López, Chief, U.S. General Division

From: Rebecca Green, Assistant Editor Giles Martin, Consulting Assistant Editor Dewey Decimal Classification OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.

Via: Michael Panzer, Editor in Chief Dewey Decimal Classification OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc

Re: 583–584 Angiosperms: Proposal for discussion

Immediate reuse of numbers Number Previous meaning New meaning 583.43 Minor orders of Hamamelididae Dilleniaceae 583.98 Campanulales Euasterids II

Relocations From To Topic 583.2 583.68 583.2 583.83 583.22 583.24 Canellaceae, Winteraceae (winter's bark family), wild cinnamon 583.23 583.292 Amborellaceae 583.23 583.296 Austrobaileyaceae 583.23 583.298 Chloranthaceae [583.26] 583.25 (birthwort family) 583.29 583.28 Ceratophyllaceae (hornworts) 583.3 583.296 Illiciaceae, Schisandraceae, magnolia vine, star anise [583.36] 583.975 Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher family) 583.43 583.34 Eupteleaceae 583.43 583.393 Trochodendrales 583.43 583.395 Didymelaceae 1

583.43 583.44 Cercidiphyllaceae (katsura trees) 583.43 583.46 Casuarinaceae (beefwoods), Myricaceae (wax myrtles), bayberries, candleberry, sweet gale (bog myrtle) 583.43 583.73 Barbeyaceae 583.43 583.786 Leitneria 583.43 583.83 Balanopaceae 583.43 583.942 Eucommiaceae 583.44 583.38 Platanaceae (sycamore family), plane trees 583.44 583.42 Myrothamnaceae [583.45] 583.738 Urticaceae (nettle family), Cannabaceae (hemp family), Moraceae (mulberry family), Ulmaceae (elm family) [583.48] 583.46 Betulaceae (birch family), alders, filberts (hazelnuts), hornbeams; comprehensive works on ironwoods [583.49] 583.46 Juglandaceae (walnut family), butternuts, hickories, pecans 583.5 583.93 Theligonum (Cynocrambe) [583.62] 583.43 Dilleniaceae [583.62] 583.44 Paeoniaceae (peony family) [583.62] 583.782 Crossosomataceae [583.624] 583.5 Asteropeiaceae [583.624] 583.58 Ancistrocladaceae, Dioncophyllaceae [583.624] 583.68 Diegodendraceae, Dipterocarpaceae [583.624] 583.782 Strasburgeriaceae [583.624] 583.83 Bonnetiaceae, Caryocaraceae, Clusiaceae (Guttiferae), Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae, Lophiraceae, Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae, Quiinaceae, garcinias, mammee apple, mangosteen [583.624] 583.94 Oncothecaceae [583.624] 583.975 Marcgraviaceae, Pellicieraceae, Pentaphylacaceae, Tetrameristaceae, Theaceae (Ternstroemiaceae, tea family), camellias, Stewartia [583.625] 583.44 Peridiscaceae [583.625] 583.68 Bixaceae (annatto tree), Cistaceae (rockrose family), Cochlospermaceae [583.625] 583.782 Stachyuraceae [583.625] 583.83 , Lacistemataceae, Scyphostegiaceae, (violet family), pansies [583.626] 583.64 Caricaceae (papaya family), papaws [583.626] 583.83 Achariaceae, Malesherbiaceae, Passifloraceae (passionflower family), Turneraceae, granadillas, maypop [583.627] 583.63 Begoniaceae, Datiscaceae, begonias [583.628] 583.5 Frankeniaceae, Tamaricaceae (tamarisk family), alkali heath [583.628] 583.975 Fouquieriaceae (candlewood family), ocotillo [583.65] 583.83 Salicaceae (willow family), cottonwoods, Populus (poplars and aspens), Salix [583.66] 583.975 Ericales, Clethraceae (pepperbush family), Epacridaceae, Ericaceae (heath family), Monotropaceae (Indian pipe family),

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Pyrolaceae, Saurauiaceae, azaleas, blueberries, cranberries, crowberries, heather, huckleberries, kalmias, kiwi (Chinese gooseberry), mountain laurel, rhododendrons, sourwood, wintergreens [583.67] 583.68 Thymelaeaceae (mezereum family), daphnes, spurge laurel [583.67] 583.975 Diapensiaceae, galax [583.674] 583.975 Ebenaceae (ebony family), Sapotaceae, Styracaceae (storax family), Symplocaceae (sweetleaf family), persimmons, sapodilla, star apples [583.675] 583.975 Primulaceae (primrose family), Myrsinaceae, Theophrastaceae, auriculas, coralberry, cyclamens, loosestrife, primulas, shooting stars [583.69] 583.395 Buxaceae (boxwood family) [583.69] 583.83 Dichapetalaceae, Euphorbiaceae (spurge family), cassavas (maniocs), castor-oil plant, copperleaves, crotons, crown of thorns, heveas, manchineels, mercuries, poinsettias, rubber tree, snow-on-the-mountain, tallow tree, tung tree [583.72] 583.44 Saxifragales, Saxifragaceae (saxifrage family), Crassulaceae, Grossulariaceae (gooseberry family), currants, houseleeks (live- forevers), pickaback , Ribes, stonecrops (orpines, sedums), Virginia willow [583.72] 583.79 [583.72] 583.825 Brunelliaceae, Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae [583.72] 583.85 Parnassiaceae and brexias [583.72] 583.94 Vahliaceae [583.72] 583.96 Byblidaceae [583.72] 583.972 Hydrangeaceae (hydrangea family), deutzias, mock oranges (syringas) [583.72] 583.984 Escalloniaceae and escallonias [583.72] 583.985 Bruniaceae [583.72] 583.986 Paracryphiaceae [583.72] 583.988 Pittosporaceae (hedge laurel family) [583.75] 583.58 Nepenthaceae (Old World pitcher plant family), Droseraceae (sundew family); Venus's flytrap; comprehensive works on pitcher plants, comprehensive works on carnivorous plants 583.76 583.63 Anisophylleaceae 583.76 583.64 Brazilian spiderflowers 583.76 583.975 Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut family) 583.763 583.83 Rhizophoraceae [583.77] 583.63 Coriariaceae [583.77] 583.74 Stylobasium [583.77] 583.786 Rutaceae (orange family), Anacardiaceae (mango family), Burseraceae (incense tree family), Meliaceae (mahogany family), Simaroubaceae (ailanthus family), cashew, chinaberry tree, citrus fruits, cork trees, hog plums (Spanish plums), hop tree, orange

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jessamine, pistachio, poison ivies, rue, smoke trees, sumacs, tree of heaven, varnish trees; comprehensive works on balms 583.78 583.37 Sabiaceae 583.78 583.79 Greyiaceae and Melianthaceae 583.79 583.64 Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium family) 583.79 583.822 Zygophyllaceae (lignum vitae family), creosote bush 583.79 583.825 Oxalidaceae (wood sorrel family), shamrock 583.79 583.83 Erythroxylaceae (coca family), Hugoniaceae, Humiriaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae (flax family), Malpighiaceae, wild mango (dika) 583.79 583.975 Balsaminaceae (balsam family), impatiens, jewelweeds (touch- me-nots) 583.82 583.42 Gunneraceae, gunneras 583.82 583.73 Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family) 583.82 583.74 Polygalalceae (milkwort family) 583.82 583.76 Vochysiaceae 583.82 583.83 Podostemaceae (riverweed family) 583.82 583.96 Hippuris (mare's tail) [583.84] 583.942 Garryaceae, Garrya [583.84] 583.972 Cornales, Cornaceae (dogwood family), tupelos (sour gums) [583.84] 583.988 Araliaceae (ginseng family, ivy family), Torricelliaceae (Toricelliaceae), wild sarsaparilla, comprehensive works on ivies [583.849] 583.9882 Apiaceae 583.85 583.478 Aextoxicaceae 583.85 583.94 Icacinaceae 583.85 583.982 Aquifoliaceae (holly family), maté 583.86 583.73 Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family), ironwoods, jujubes [583.88] 583.44 Medusandraceae [583.88] 583.47 Santalales, Santalaceae (sandalwood family), Balanophoraceae, Loranthaceae (mistletoe family), Olacaceae, Opiliaceae, Viscaceae [583.88] 583.788 Dipentodontaceae [583.88] 583.982 Cardiopteridaceae (Peripterygiaceae) [583.89] 583.38 Proteales 583.93 583.99 Menyanthaceae, bog myrtle (buckbean) 583.94 583.95 Convolvulaceae (morning glory family), Cuscutaceae (dodder family), dichondras, sweet potatoes (yams) 583.94 583.972 Loasaceae 583.94 583.975 Polemoniaceae (phlox family), Jacob's ladders 583.95 583.96 Acanthaceae (acanthus family), Bignoniaceae (catalpa family), Buddlejaceae, Gesneriaceae, Globulariaceae, Lentibulariaceae (bladderwort family), Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae, Orobanchaceae (broomrape family), Pedaliaceae (sesame family), Plantaginaceae (plantago family), Retziaceae, Scrophulariaceae (figwort family, snapdragon family),

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Trapellaceae, African violets, butterfly bushes, calabash tree, foxglove, mulleins, Penstemon, plantains, trumpet creepers, unicorn plants 583.95 583.972 Hydrostachyaceae 583.95 583.985 Columelliaceae 583.98 583.95 Sphenocleaceae 583.98 583.99 Brunoniaceae, Campanulaceae (bellflower family), Donatiaceae, Goodeniaceae, Lobeliaceae, Stylidiaceae; bluebells, Campanula, Indian tobacco 584.32 584.35 Aloes, day lilies 584.32 584.352 Hostas (plantain lilies) 584.32 584.355 Bluebells, hyacinths, lily of the valley 584.34 584.324 Peruvian lily 584.35 584.32 Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae 584.35 584.6 Stemonaceae 584.35 584.69 Taccaceae 584.35 584.86 Philydraceae, Pontederiaceae [584.353] 583.324 Alstroemeriaceae 584.354 584.6 Velloziaceae (tree lily family) 584.354 584.86 Haemodoraceae (bloodwort family) [584.356] 584.326 Smilacaceae [584.357] 584.69 Dioscoreaceae (yam family) [584.37] 584.6 Triuridaceae 584.38 584.69 Burmanniaceae [584.64] 584.724 Araceae (arum family) [584.68] 584.9 Typhaceae (Sparganiaceae), Sparganium (bur reeds), Typha (cattails and bulrushes) 584.72 584.86 Water hyacinths 584.74 584.73 Najas (naiads) 584.8 584.9 Centrolepidaceae, Flagellariaceae, Restionaceae 584.86 584.9 Mayacaceae, Rapateaceae, Xyridaceae (yellow-eyed grass family)

Expansions New location Topic 583 Angiosperms (flowering plants) 583.38 Nelumbonaceae (lotuses) 583.68 Sphaerosepalaceae 583.685 Bombacaceae (silk cotton tree family), balsa, baobabs, basswood, cacao, jute, kapok, kola nuts, Sterculia, Tilia (lindens, lime trees) 583.822 Krameriaceae 583.99 Calyceraceae 583.952 Nolanaceae 584.32 Liliales

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Discontinuation From To Topic 584.66 584.6 Pandanales

The current exhibit follows from three previous exhibits: (1) EPC Exhibit 135-17.1 Angiosperms, a request from Magdalena Svanberg that we give consideration to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group’s 2009 classification for flowering plants (APG III) and ―revise the [DDC] where appropriate‖; (2) EPC Exhibit 135-17.1.1, 583–584 Angiosperms: Discussion paper, which explored issues and options in the possible accommodation of APG III in the DDC; and (3) EPC Exhibit 136-19.2, a preprint of a paper presented at last fall’s SIG/CR Classification Research Workshop, which also addressed issues raised during the discussion of the EPC 135 exhibits. (Citation/URL now available: Green, R., & Martin, G. (2013). A Rosid Is a Rosid Is a Rosid . . . or Not. Advances in Classification Research Online, 23(1), pp. 9-16. http://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/acro/article/view/14228/12088)

The strategy we have supported is to revise 583–584 on the basis of APG III, but to minimize relocations, using see references to establish the APG III logical hierarchy, as needed / where possible. The current exhibit presents a proposed revision of 583–584 that implements this revision strategy. Admittedly, the length of the list of relocations may challenge one’s belief in our having undertaken the goal of minimizing relocations in good faith. But APG III and the current taxonomic basis of 583–584 differ on many details. Relocations have been implemented where necessary so that the resulting DDC class makes sense from an APG III perspective, even if the entire APG III clade is not represented there. (See references at 583.58, 583.7, 583.98, 584.35, 584.355, 584.8, and 584.9 represent significant lost relocation ―opportunities‖ that could have been implemented had we adopted the strategy of revising more thoroughly along the lines of APG III. See questions raised by Winton on the next page.)

The set of proposed changes is of sufficient magnitude to raise the question whether a more extensive revision should be preferred to the level of revision worked out here.

So that the discussion of the proposal can be objectively grounded to the extent possible, we will provide the following statistics prior to the EPC meeting: Counts of the number of WorldCat records affected by the proposed relocations, expansions, and discontinuations (considering both 583–584 and numbers in 633–635 built using 583–584) Counts of the number of WorldCat records not affected by the proposed relocations, expansions, and discontinuations (considering both 583–584 and numbers in 633–635 built using 583–584) The percentage of recent (2012–2013) WorldCat literature classed in 583–584 and numbers in 633–635 built using 583–584 that employ APG III taxonomic groupings

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The percentage of recent (2012–2013) WorldCat literature classed in 583–584 and numbers in 633–635 built using 583–584 using pre-APG III taxonomic groupings Analysis of LC subject headings assigned to recent (2012–2013) WorldCat literature classed in 583–584 and numbers in 633–635 built using 583–584 with regard to the taxonomic organization they reflect These statistics will also be used to analyze whether any of the proposed classes (e.g., 583.975 Ericales) should be subject to further development/expansion.

Immediately following can be found: ―Notes of Decisions in 583-584‖ (pp. 9–12)—notes Giles took as he was making the revisions. He leaves open several suggestions/questions: o Should Plumbaginaceae, Frankeniaceae and Tamaricaceae be relocated from 583.628 to 583.57? o Should we expand at 583.58 for the clade consisting of the carnivorous plants? o Should there be expansions as proposed at 583.732, 583.736 and 583.738? o Should there be an expansion for Faboideae at 583.74, perhaps at 583.747? o Should comprehensive works on mangroves be relocated from 583.763 to 583.17698? ―Bare bones version of proposed development‖ (pp. 13–18; worked out by Winton), showing its overall structure. On the basis of see references leading to entire classes in other hierarchies, he raises the following questions: o Should 583.46 Fagales, 583.63 Cucurbitales, 583.64 Brassicales, and 583.68 be relocated to 583.7–583.8? o Should 583.92 Dipsacales be relocated to 583.98? o Should 584.4 Orchidaceae be relocated to 584.35? o Should 584.5 Arecales (Palmales) be relocated to 584.8? o Should 584.82 Juncaceae (rush family) and Thurniaceae, 584.84 Cyperaceae (sedge family), 584.85 Bromeliaceae (pineapple family), and 584.87 Eriocaulaceae (pipewort family) be relocated to 584.9? PDF of proposed development. The following records do not incorporate any changes, but are supplied to provide context or to trigger printing of summary or internal table records (only affected internal table records are shown; those not shown are still valid): 500 577 635 561 588 635.9 561.3–561.9 615 635.93–635.97 571 633 635.93 571.2 633.8 635.97 575 634 635.9 575.6–575.9 634.9 575.9 634.97 In the PDF, we would like to bring to your attention a situation that recurs frequently and is symptomatic of the relationship between the current development and the organization

7 of APG III. As an example, the situation can be seen in the entries for 583.25 and [583.26]:

583.25 * Including Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family) [formerly 583.26], Saururaceae (lizard’s-tail family); black pepper, peperomias Aristolochiaceae are sometimes classed as Aristolochiales [formerly 583.26] Class here Piperaceae (pepper family) Class peppers of Solanaceae family, comprehensive works on peppers in 583.952 [583.26] Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family) Former heading: Aristolochiales Relocated to 583.25 *Add as instructed under 583–588

At 583.26, we currently have: 583.26 *Aristolochiales Class here Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family) *Add as instructed under 583–588

In the Encyclopedia Britannica angiosperm classification, both Piperales and Aristolochiales are considered orders within 583.2 Magnoliidae. In APG III, Aristolochiales is included as family Aristolochiaceae within order Piperales. This difference between the two classifications is handled by a set of changes in the proposed development: At 583.26, order Aristolochiales gives way to family Aristolochiaceae in the caption and takes its place as the former heading. Family Aristolochiaceae is relocated from 583.26 to 583.25 Piperales. A note at 583.25 gives the ―equivalence‖ of the former order and the current family, stating that Aristolochiaceae are sometimes classed as Aristolochiales.

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NOTES OF DECISIONS IN 583-584 ―Ironwood‖ can refer to many different , and I’m not Capitalization sure which one is intended here. I’ve dropped it from the In the APG system some English words are used rather than Including note. Latin words to describe clades, e.g., ―angiosperms‖, 583.45 Urticales ―dicots‖, ―euasterids‖, ―‖. Where they don’t start a While part of Rosales, this group is monophyletic. I am caption or sentence, they have been written with lower case suggesting a three-way expansion below of 583.73 Rosales, even though they are scientific names. so for the time being I’m relocating this clade to 583.738. 583.2 , Ceratophyllales, basal Angiosperms If my suggestion for an expansion at 583.73 is not accepted, Rafflesiales is not defined in Britannica, but in Takhtajan it can be integrated into 583.73. (1969) consists of Rafflesiacea and Hydnoraceae. These 583.47 Santalales and Berberidopsidales have been separately relocated. There’s a coding problem here: the 153/j subfield is not The term ―monster flower‖ is used in Britannica for repeatable, so this is treated as an error: Rafflesia arnoldii. No literary warrant in WorldCat for the 153 ## $a 583.47 $e 583.4 $g * $j Santalales $i [formerly term (though plenty for the species), so dropped from $x 583.88 $i ] $j and Berberidopsidales schedule, and should be EO at best in RI. I looked to see if I could find a similar example in the 583.22 Magnoliales DDC23 database, and found this: ―Cucumber tree‖ is ambiguous, but here it presumably is Magnolia acuminata. 153 ## $a 697.95 $c 697.98 $e 697.9 $j Air-conditioning in specific types of buildings $i [formerly $x ―Lancewood‖ is ambiguous, but here presumably refers to 697.935 $c 697.938 $i ]; heating, ventilation in several species of Annonaceae. specific types of buildings $9 ess=en $9 ess=eh 583.26 Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family) $9 ess=nrl I changed the caption from ―Aristolochiales‖ since that That’s a problem, because ―heating, ventilation in specific order is no longer recognised and it contained only one types of buildings‖ is part of the caption and so should be in family. a $j subfield. There are probably others like this: it’s hard 583.28 Ceratophyllales to search for them. Because of the relocation here, I added the record for 588.3 We are already breaking the MARC format by having 153/I to the project. and 153/x subfields: we should change our local rules and 583.3 Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, allow repeated 153/j subfields as well. Trochodendrales, Buxales I’ve added Trochodendrales and Buxales to the caption. (I 583.5 I’ve added a variant name ―Centrospermae‖ – it is in 151 don’t know why they were left out.) titles in WorldCat, including some recent ones, and it’s a In Britannica and in Takhtajan (1969) Illiciales consists of close synonym of Caryophyllales. Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae. In the most recent APG As far as I can see, the deprecated order ―Theligonales they are one family, Schisandraceae, placed in (Cynocrambales)‖ comes down to one , Theligonum Austrobaileyales. However the relocation given is of (synonym Cynocrambe), which is relocated to 583.93. Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae. Although Cuénoud et al. (2001) provides a nice diagram of In Britannica and in Takhtajan (1969) Nelumbales consists relationships within Caryophyllales based on DNA of one family Nelumbaceae, and this is expanded to 583.38. analysis, I’m not sure that it’s the last word on the (The expansion should have been in the exhibit.) . What I am proposing is relatively conservative: 583.36 Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plant family) I changed the caption from ―Sarraceniales‖ since that order Provide in 583.53 for families that Britannica or is no longer recognised and it contained only one family. Takhtajan (1969) assign to Caryophyllales. This clade approximates what Cuénoud et al. (2001) 583.43 Dilleniaceae I added more relocations: Balanopaceae to 583.83; describe as ―core Caryophyllales‖, with the Barbeyaceae to 583.73; Cercidiphyllaceae to 583.44, exception of Cactaceae [which is in its own order Eucommiaceae to 583.942, Leitneria (recently recognised Cactales in Britannica or Takhtajan (1969), but as a genus in Simaroubaceae) to 583.786. which is found to be closely related to Portulaceae 583.44 Saxifragales in Cuénoud et al. (2001)]. I added a relocation of Myrothamnaceae to 583.42 (it was Let 583.56 and 583.57 stand as they are. shown implicitly at 583.42, but not at 583.44). However, in the future 583.57 Polygonaceae might be enlarged by adding Plumbaginaceae,

9

Frankeniaceae and Tamaricaceae, which I’ve put Oncothecaceae are relocated to 583.94 in standing room at 583.5 for the time being. Pellicieraceae and Pentaphylacaceae are relocated to Expand at 583.58 for the clade consisting of the 583.975 carnivorous plants Dioncophyllaceae, Droseraceae, Quiinaceae are relocated to 583.83 Drosophyllaceae, Nepenthaceae and Triphyophyllaceae, together with the Strasburgeriaceae are relocated to 583.782 noncarnivorous plants in the family Ternstroemiaceae, Tetrameristaceae and Theaceae are Ancistrocladaceae. This is mostly a relocation relocated to 583.975 from 583.75 Nepenthales, and would be the place 583.625 Violales for comprehensive works on carnivorous plants. Annatto tree 583.138 583.625 583.68 583.53 Caryophyllaceae and related families Chenopodiaceae are now included in the family Bixaceae, Cistaceae, Cochlospermaceae are relocated Amaranthaceae, but I’ve left them in the Including note. to 583.68 Flacourtiaceae has been deprecated as a family, and the I’ve added to the Including note Basellaceae and approximately 70 to 90 genera that used to belong to it are Didiereaceae (from v. 13, pp. 634-635 of Britannica), and scattered among six families, principally Salicaceae and Achatocarpaceae, Barbeuiaceae, Molluginaceae, Achariaceae, both of which are proposed to be in 583.83 Stegnospermataceae (from p. 213-214 of Takhtajan, 1969). . I’m therefore relocating it to 583.83, and It’s important to clarify the scope of this number, given the adding an editorial note to delete Flacourtiaceae from the caption. We may need to add other families here. Including note in the next edition. The other possible 583.57 Polygonaceae (buckwheat family) action would be to relocate it tribe by tribe according to the I’ve dropped ―and related families‖ from the caption. list in Takhtajan (1997), pp. 203-204, or even genus by However, as mentioned above, it might make sense to genus. I don’t think that’s worth doing. include Plumbaginaceae, Frankeniaceae and Tamaricaceae Lacistemataceae are relocated to 583.83 here. Peridiscaceae are relocated to 583.44 583.58 Nepenthaceae and related families As proposed above, a new number for Ancistrocladaceae, Scyphostegiaceae are relocated to 583.83 Dioncophyllaceae, Droseraceae, Drosophyllaceae, Stachyuraceae are relocated to 583.782 Nepenthaceae, Triphyophyllaceae, and comprehensive works on carnivorous plants. Violaceae are relocated to 583.83 583.6 Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales 583.626 Passiflorales Sphaerosepalaceae (mentioned in RI) expanded to 583.68 The family Caricaceae is relocated to 583.64, while other families are relocated to 583.83 583.62 Miscellaneous orders of Dilleniidae In Britannica and in Takhtajan (1969), Dilleniales contains 583.674 and 583.675 Ebenales and Primulales two families, Dilleniaceae and Crossosomataceae (not These are relocated to 587.975 Ericales, not to 583.94 Paeoniaceae). Crossosomataceae are relocated to 583.782. 583.68 Malvales 583.624 Theales The family Bombacaceae and the genus Tilia are now part Ancistrocladaceae are relocated to the new number 583.58. of Malvaceae, so are expanded to 583.685. Asteropeiaceae are relocated to standing room at 583.5. 583.7 Rosids I also added see references to 583.6 Cucurbitales, Bonnetiaceae, Caryocaraceae, Clusiaceae (Guttiferae) are Brassicales, Malvales and to 583.8 Other orders of rosids. relocated to 583.83 There’s not likely to be a lot of literary warrant, but I Diegodendraceae are relocated to 583.68 provided for eurosids, Fabidae and Malvidae here. Dioncophyllaceae are relocated to the new number 583.58 583.72 Saxifragales Dipterocarpaceae are relocated to 583.68 Pittosporaceae is relocated to 583.988 (Apiales), not to 583.98. Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae, Lophiraceae are relocated to 583.83 Added relocations: Brunelliaceae to 583.825; Bruniaceae to 583.985 (was already given at other end); Cephalotaceae Marcgraviaceae are relocated to 583.975 and Cunoniaceae to 583.825; Escalloniaceae to 583.984 Medusagynaceae and Ochnaceae are relocated to 583.83 (was already implied at other end); Francoaceae (RI entry) to 583.79; Parnassiaceae and brexias to 583.85 10

583.73 Rosales Greyiaceae and Melianthaceae (two RI entries, merged by Recent research (Zhang et al., 2011) suggests that Rosales APG into one family Melianthaceae) are relocated to consists of three monophyletic groups: Rosaceae, and two 583.79. unnamed clades each containing four families. In the light 583.79 of the literary warrant for this large order, and in the light of Balsaminaceae are relocated to 583.975. Erythroxylaceae, the existing provision for the genus Rosa, I suggest an Hugoniaceae, Humiriaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae, expansion here: Malpighiaceae are relocated to 583.83. Oxalidaceae are 583.732 Rosaceae relocated to 583.825 (this was implicit at 583.825). Tropaeolaceae are relocated to 583.64. (Tropaeolaceae are 583.736 Barbeyaceae, Dirachmaceae, called the nasturtium family, but the genus Nasturtium does Elaeagnaceae, Rhamnaceae not belong to the family – it does however now belong to 583.738 Cannabaceae, Moraceae, Ulmaceae, the same order, and hence to the same Dewey number. We Urticaceae (i.e., the deprecated order should retain two RI entries under ―Nasturtium(s)‖ even Urticales, which was at 583.45) though they are the same number.) Zygophyllaceae are relocated to 583.822 (this was implicit at 583.822). There would be a see reference from 583.732 to 583.734 Rosa (Roses). 583.82 Oxalidales and Zygophyllales Elaeagnaceae are relocated to 583.73, not to the proposed I’ve created a record for 583.738, since it’s essentially a 583.736. copy of the existing record at 583.45, but not for 583.732 and 583.736. Hippuridales (or Haloragales) in Taktajan, 1969, and in Britannica, v. 9 p. 941, consists of three families, 583.74 Fabales (Leguminales) Haloragaceae, Gunneraceae and Hippuridaceae. I haven’t done it, but I strongly suggest an expansion for Haloragaceae are relocated to 583.44. Gunneraceae are Faboideae, to parallel the other two subfamilies of relocated to 583.42. The one genus in Hippuridaceae, i.e., Fabaceae, Hippuris, has been transferred to the family Plantaginaceae, 583.76 Myrtales now at 583.96. Anisophylleaceae are relocated to 583.63; Lecythidaceae 583.83 Malpighiales are relocated to 583.975. This is a very large class, with potential for expansion. 583.763 Rhizophoraceae and Sonneratiaceae However, relationships based on DNA analysis are not yet This number seems to have been created for comprehensive clear enough to propose an expansion. works on mangroves. However, since Rhizophoraceae 583.84 Malpighiales needs to be relocated out of here to 583.83, and the two Toricelliaceae is Torricelliaceae in APG III. I’ve preferred genera in Sonneratiaceae are now part of Lythracea at the spelling with two r’s and relocated to 583.988. 583.76, it should be reconsidered. The major families containing mangroves are: 583.849 Umbelliferae Takhtajan (both 1969 and 1996) and APG prefer the name Acanthaceae – 583.96 Apiaceae for the family, so I changed the caption before Combretaceae – 583.76 relocation. Since the family had its own Dewey number Arecaceae – 584.5 previously, I’ve relocated to the new number 583.9882. Rhizophoraceae – 583.83 583.85 Celastrales Lythraceae – 583.76 There is a relocation from here of Aextoxicaceae to 583.478. (It was a RI entry, not in the schedule.) There is a So 583.76 no longer predominates, and one family is in the relocation of Aquifoliaceae to 583.982. monocots. I suggest that we supply the built number 583.88 Santalales 583.17698 for mangroves in the schedule, but I have not Some families in the RI but not in the present Including implemented this yet. note are relocated to places other than 583.47: 583.77 Rutales Cardiopteridaceae to 583.982; Dipentodontaceae to Coriariaceae relocated to 583.63; Stylobasium (in RI as 583.788; Medusandraceae to 583.44; (a synonym of ―Stylobasiaceae‖) relocated to 583.74; all the other families Cardiopteridaceae) to 583.982; Myzodendraceae is now are relocated to 583.786. called Misodendraceae – both forms should be EO in the RI at 583.47. 583.78 Crossosomatales, Huertales, Picramniales, Sapindales 583.89 Proteales I have found two kinds of ―honey bush‖ (Cyclopia and I can’t find ―Warataus‖ in any of my usual sources. I think major), neither of which belongs here. I have it might be a typo for ―Waratahs‖ – if so, it should be dropped it from the Including note. deleted from the RI.

11

583.93 http://nargs.org/smf/index.php?topic=1249.0 – I have ―Bog myrtle (buckbean)‖ and ―buckbeans‖ in the Including dropped it from the relocated Including note. note are Menyanthes trifoliata, in the family Menyanthaceae, which APG puts into Asterales, so family 584.355 Asparagaceae Changed Ruscaceae to Nolinoideae (it’s now a subfamily of and species are relocated to 583.99. Asparagaceae). 583.94 Garryales and miscellaneous families of euasterids I 584.357 Dioscoreaceae (Yam family) Convolvulaceae are relocated to 583.95. Polemoniaceae Relocated to 584.69. (This was implicit at 584.69.) are relocated to 583.97. 584.38 Iridaceae 583.95 Solanales Burmanniaceae are relocated to 584.69. Acanthaceae, Bignoniaceae, Buddlejaceae are relocated to 584.7 Alismatales, Acorales, Petrosaviales 583.96. Columelliaceae are relocated to 583.985. I was wrong: ―Alismidae‖ is found in Takhtajan (1969), and Gesneriaceae, Globulariaceae are relocated to 583.96. in Britannica, v. 13, p. 659 (it’s not in the index to Hydrostachyaceae are relocated to 583.972. Britannica, because it doesn’t index anything in v. 13, pp. Lentibulariaceae, Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae, are 628-664, making it very hard to look things up in the relocated to 583.96. Nolanaceae are expanded to 583.952 taxonomy). However, Takhtajan (1997) has ―Alismatidae‖. (where I put them in the variant-name note, since the term 574.74 Other families of Alismatales is now a synonym of Solanaceae). Orobanchaceae, I’ve changed the caption here because listing all the Pedaliaceae, Plantaginaceae are relocated to 583.96. families is unwieldy here. Polemoniaceae are relocated to 583.97. Retziaceae, Trapellaceae are relocated to 583.96. I think ―Zanichelliaceae‖ is a typo for ―Zannichelliaceae‖, which is a synonym of Potamogetonaceae. The RI entry for Personales should either be deleted, or moved as an EO entry to 583.96. 584.8 Commelinids Restionales is deprecated, with three families 583.98 Euasterids II (Centrolepidaceae, Flagellariaceae and Restionaceae) now This is immediate reuse of a number: none on the families belonging to 584.9 Poales, and Hanguanaceae belonging to in Campanulales remain here. Sphenocleaceae are Commelinales. relocated to 583.95. REFERENCES 584 Monocots Britannica: The New Encyclopædia Britannica. 15th I’ve taken ―commelinids‖ out of the caption, since they are edition. (Especially the annotated classification of monocots. angiosperms, v. 13, pp. 628-664.) (The copy I was using 584.32 Liliales was the 1987 printing.) I’ve moved comprehensive works on lilies to here from 584.3. The first three definitions of ―lily‖ in Webster's Cuénoud et al. (2001): Philippe Cuénoud, Vincent Third New International Dictionary are for members of the Savolainen, Lars W. Chatrou, Martyn Powell, Renée J. Grayer, and Mark W. Chase. "Molecular phylogenetics of genus Lilium, the family Liliaceae and the order Liliales, all Caryophyllales based on nuclear 18S rDNA and plastid of which are now here. rbcL, atpB, and matK DNA sequences", American Journal Aloes, day lilies are relocated to 584.35. Hostas (plantain of Botany 89 (1): 132. lilies) are relocated to 584.352. Bluebells, hyacinths, (http://www.amjbot.org/content/89/1/132.full.pdf+html ) lily of the valley are relocated to 584.355 Takhtajan (1969): Armen Takhtajan. Flowering plants, 584.35 Asparagales origin and dispersal. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae are relocated to 584.32. Philydraceae, Pontederiaceae are relocated to 584.86. Takhtajan (1997): Armen Takhtajan. Diversity and Stemonaceae relocated to 584.6 (this was shown at 584.6). classification of flowering plants. New York: Columbia Taccaceae relocated to 584.69. University Press. 584.3501-584.3509 Standard subdivisions Zhang et al. (2011): Shu-dong Zhang, Douglas E. Soltis, These numbers are now valid. Yang Yang, De-zhu Li, and Ting-shuang Yi. "Multi-gene analysis provides a well-supported phylogeny of Rosales". 584.353 Alstroemeriaceae Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60(1):21-28. ( What is the ―box lily‖? Apparently the Norwegian http://ir.kib.ac.cn:8080/bitstream/151853/11247/1/2011090 translators had a problem with it, as can be seen in the 70014.PDF ) discussion on the NARGS Forum at

12

Bare bones version of proposed development

583 *, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms For monocots, see 584 .2 *Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms > 583.22–583.25 Magnoliids Class comprehensive works in 583.2 .22 *Magnoliales .23 *Laurales Including comprehensive works on laurels For laurels of Ericaceae family, see 583.975; for spurge laurel, see 583.68; for hedge laurel, see 583.988 .24 *Canellales .25 *Piperales .28 *Ceratophyllales .29 *Basal angiosperms .292 *Amborellales .294 *Nymphaeales .296 *Austrobaileyales .298 *Chloranthales > 583.3–583.9 Eudicots Class comprehensive works in 583 .3 *Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales .34 *Ranunculales (Ranales) For Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae, Pteridophyllaceae, see 583.35 .35 *Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae, Pteridophyllaceae .37 *Sabiaceae .38 *Proteales .39 *Trochodendrales and Buxales .393 *Trochodendrales .395 *Buxales > 583.4–583.9 Core eudicots Class comprehensive works in 583

13

.4 *Fagales and miscellaneous core eudicots .42 *Gunnerales .43 *Dilleniaceae .44 *Saxifragales .46 *Fagales Including comprehensive works on ironwoods For ironwoods of a specific order or family other then Fagales, see the order or family, e.g., ironwoods of family Rhamnaceae 583.73 .47 *Santalales and Berberidopsidales .478 *Berberidopsidales .5 *Caryophyllales .53 *Caryophyllaceae and related families .56 *Cactaceae (Cactus family) .57 *Polygonaceae (Buckwheat family) .58 *Nepenthaceae and related families Including comprehensive works on pitcher plants Class here comprehensive works on carnivorous plants For Cephalotaceae, see 583.825; for Byblidaceae,,Lentibulariaceae, see 583.96; for Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plants), see 583.975 .6 *Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales .63 *Cucurbitales .64 *Brassicales .68 *Malvales .685 *Malvaceae (Mallow family) .7 *Rosids For Fagales, see 583.46; for Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales, see 583.6; for other orders of rosids, see 583.8 .73 *Rosales .734 *Rosa (Roses)

14

.738 *Urticaceae (Nettle family), Cannabaceae (Hemp family), Moraceae (Mulberry family), Ulmaceae (Elm family) Including comprehensive works on hemps For hemps of a specific family other than Cannabaceae, see the family, e.g., aloe and sisil hemps 584.352 .74 *Fabales (Leguminales) .748 *Mimosoideae (Mimosa subfamily) .749 *Caesalpinioideae (Senna subfamily) .76 *Myrtales .763 *Duabanga and Sonneratia Class here comprehensive works on mangroves For mangroves of family Rhizophoraceae, see 583.83; for mangroves of family Verbenaceae, see 583.96; for mangrove of family Arecaceae (nipa palm), see 584.5 .765 *Myrtaceae (Myrtle family) Including comprehensive works on myrtles For Eucalyptus, see 583.766. For myrtle of a specific family other than Myrtaceae, see the family, e.g., Oregon myrtle 583.23, wax myrtle 583.46, crape myrtle 583.76 .766 *Eucalyptus (Gum trees) .78 *Crossosomatales, Huerteales, Picramniales, Sapindales .782 *Crossosomatales .786 *Sapindales Including comprehensive works on balms For balm of a specific family other than Burseraceae, see the family, e.g., bee balms 583.96 .788 *Huerteales .79 *Geraniales .8 Other orders of rosids .82 *Oxalidales and Zygophyllales .822 *Zygophyllales .825 *Oxalidales .83 *Malpighiales .85 *Celastrales

15

.86 *Vitales .87 *Oleales .9 * .92 *Dipsacales > 583.93–583.96 Euasterids I Class comprehensive works in 583.9 .93 *Gentianales .94 *Garryales and miscellaneous families of euasterids I .942 *Garryales .95 *Solanales .952 *Solanaceae Including comprehensive works on peppers For pepper of Piperaceae family, see 583.25 .96 *Lamiales .97 *Cornales and Ericales .972 *Cornales .975 *Ericales .98 *Euasterids II For Dipsacales, see 583.92; for Asterales, see 583.99 .982 *Aquifoliales .984 *Escalloniales .985 *Bruniales .986 *Paracryphiales .988 *Apiales Including comprehensive works on ivies For ivies of a specific family other than Araliaceae, see the family, e.g., poison ivies 583.786 .988 2 *Apiaceae .99 *Asterales

16

584 *Monocots .3 *Liliales, Asparagales, Zingiberales .32 *Liliales Class here comprehensive works on lilies For a specific lily not provided for here , see the lily, e.g., African lilies 584.33, Velloziaceae (tree lily family) 584.6, calla lilies 584.724 .322 *Liliaceae (Lily family) .324 *Alstroemeriaceae .326 *Smilacaceae .33 *Allioideae .34 *Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis family) For Allioideae, see 584.33 .35 *Asparagales For Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis family), see 584.34; for Iridaceae (iris family), see 584.38; for Orchidaceae (orchid family), see 584.4 .352 *Agavoideae .354 *Hypoxidaceae .355 *Asparagaceae For Agavoideae, see 584.352 .38 *Iridaceae (iris family) .39 *Zingiberales .4 *Orchidaceae (orchid family) .5 *Arecales (Palmales) .6 *Pandanales and Dioscoreales .62 *Cyclanthaceae .66 *Pandanaceae (Hala family) .69 *Dioscoreales .7 *Alismatales (Alismales), Acorales, Petrosaviales > 584.72–584.74 Alismatales (Alismales) Class comprehensive works on Alismatales (Alismales) in 584.7 .72 *Araceae, Alismataceae (Alismaceae, Limnocharitaceae, water plantain family), Butomaceae (Water poppy family), Tofieldiaceae .724 *Araceae (Arum family) 17

.73 *Hydrocharitaceae (Frogbit family) .74 *Other families of Alismatales .742 *Potamogetonaceae (Zannichelliaceae, pondweed family) .78 *Acorales .79 *Petrosaviales .8 *Commelinids For Arecales (Palmales), see 584.5; for Poales, see 584.9 .82 *Juncaceae (Rush family) and Thurniaceae Class here comprehensive works on rushes For rushes of sedge family, see 584.84; for rushes of cattail family, see 584.9 .84 *Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Including comprehensive works on bulrushes For bulrushes of cattail family, see 584.9 .85 *Bromeliaceae (Pineapple family) .86 *Commelinales .87 *Eriocaulaceae (Pipewort family) .9 *Poales For Juncaceae (rush family), Thurniaceae, see 584.82; for Cyperaceae (sedge family), see 584.84; for Bromeliaceae (pineapple family), see 584.85; for Eriocaulaceae (pipewort family), see 584.87 .92 *Poaceae (Gramineae) .922 *Bambusoideae .924 *Panicoideae .926 *Pooideae

18

Biology 579

579–590 Taxonomic nomenclature and sources of information Taxonomic nomenclature The notes below mention several of the commonly recognized taxonomic levels used in classifying organisms. The broadest is kingdom, followed (in order of increasing specificity) by phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, species. In the schedules for specific kinds of organisms, scientific terms are preferred in head- ings for taxonomic numbers below the kingdom level. If there is an alternative scientific name still in current use, it is given in the heading in parentheses following the preferred term. If there are two or more alternative scientific names in current use, the preferred term is given in the heading, and the alternative names are given in a variant-name note. For example, Mycetozoa, Myxomycetes, Myxomycophyta, Myxomycota are given as variant names for Myxomycotina (slime molds) at 579.52. Most obsolete names have been dropped. If a common name is well established in the literature but does not have a clear-cut corresponding scientific term (or terms), the common name may be used alone, e.g., 598.412–.415 Ducks. A scientific name given in a class-here note is usually that of a subordinate taxon that comprises all or most of the members of the group in the heading. For example, under 583.86 Vitales, the class here note gives Vitaceae (grape family), the only family in the order. Common names are linked to scientific names by parentheses when they are generally understood to be exact equivalents. When two common names are linked to a scientif- ic name, a comma between them means that they are alternative common names, e.g., “(doves, pigeons)“ after Columbidae in the class-here note at 598.65. An ”and“ means that the two groups with common names together comprise the scientific group, e.g., ”(poplars and aspens)“ after Populus in the including note at 583.83. Common names that simply refer to well-known members of a scientific class, however, are listed al- phabetically in an including note. With plants (and occasionally with animals), the familiar name for families consists of the name of a typical member or members plus the word “family,” e.g., Ranunculaceae (buttercup family) at 583.34. The typical member may be a single species or a large genus with hundreds of species, but seldom approximates the whole of the family. Clas- sifiers must not assume that if the family approximates the whole of an order, the typical members do also. An illustration of two terminology problems appears at 583.23 Laurales. The main fam- ily of this order is Lauraceae, the laurel family, which encompasses over 85 percent of the species of the order. The family is therefore given in a class here note, signifying that subdivisions can be added to the number for works on the family because it approx- imates the whole of the order. Only a few species of the laurel family, however, are individually known as laurels, while several plants of other orders are also called laurels. Since it is useful to know where to class comprehensive works on laurels, the including note reads, in part: “In- cluding ... comprehensive works on laurels.” Being listed in an including note means that laurels (even in its broadest sense encompassing all plants called laurels) do not approximate the whole of the 2800 species in the order Laurales.

19 579 Manual on Use of Dewey Decimal Classification

Some large classes of organisms have two including notes, for classifier convenience. The first including note lists the scientific names of families or higher taxa and their corresponding common names, the second the common names that do not correspond with the given scientific names. Genera are listed with the common names because so many have become common names. Sources of taxonomic information Taxonomic schedules usually follow the arrangement accepted in The New Encyclopae- dia Britannica, 1989. Other works that often prove helpful are Synopsis and Classifica- tion of Living Organisms edited by Sybil P. Parker (McGraw-Hill, 1982), and Webster’s Third New International Dictionary. See also discussion at 579.24–.25; also at 579.3; also at 599.

583–584 Classification and common names of angiosperms (Flowering plants) The subdivisions of angiosperms (flowering plants) in 583–584 are defined by reference to the article “An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III” in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2009): 105–121, but the basic outline from early editions of the Dewey Decimal Classification is retained. Exercise caution in identifying orders and families of flowering plants by common names; many such names are used for plants in several unrelated taxonomic groups. Notes in the schedule linking the common names are not exhaustive.

583 vs. 582.13 Angiosperms (Flowering plants) vs. Plants noted for their flowers Use 583 for works on the taxonomic group called “flowering plants,” as found in 583–584. This group includes most plants that will be found in a typical vegetable gar- den. Use 582.13 for works largely limited to nondomesticated plants with attractive flowers. These are the kind of plants that are found in nature, but that might also find a place in flower gardens or flower books. If in doubt, prefer 583.

20 500

500 Natural sciences and mathematics Natural sciences: sciences that deal with matter and energy, or with objects and processes observable in nature Class here interdisciplinary works on natural and applied sciences Class natural history in 508. Class scientific principles of a subject with the subject, plus notation 015 from Table 1, e.g., scientific principles of photography 770.15 For government policy on science, see 338.926; for applied sciences, see 600 See Manual at 231.7652 vs. 213, 500, 576.8; also at 338.926 vs. 352.745, 500; also at 500 vs. 001

SUMMARY

500.2–.8 [Physical sciences, space sciences, groups of people] 501 Philosophy and theory 502 Miscellany 503–506 Standard subdivisions 507 Education, research, related topics 508 Natural history 509 History, geographic treatment, biography

510 Mathematics .1 Philosophy and theory 511 General principles of mathematics 512 Algebra 513 Arithmetic 514 Topology 515 Analysis 516 Geometry 518 Numerical analysis 519 Probabilities and applied mathematics

520 Astronomy and allied sciences 521 Celestial mechanics 522 Techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials 523 Specific celestial bodies and phenomena 525 Earth (Astronomical geography) 526 Mathematical geography 527 Celestial navigation 528 Ephemerides 529 Chronology

21 500 Dewey Decimal Classification 500

530 Physics .01–.09 Standard subdivisions .1–.8 [Theories, mathematical physics, states of matter, instrumentation, measurement] 531 Classical mechanics 532 Fluid mechanics 533 Pneumatics (Gas mechanics) 534 Sound and related vibrations 535 Light and related radiation 536 Heat 537 Electricity and electronics 538 Magnetism 539 Modern physics

540 Chemistry and allied sciences .1–.9 Standard subdivisions 541 Physical chemistry 542 Techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials 543 Analytical chemistry 546 Inorganic chemistry 547 Organic chemistry 548 Crystallography 549 Mineralogy

550 Earth sciences 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology 552 Petrology 553 Economic geology 554–559 Earth sciences by specific continents, countries, localities in modern world; extraterrestrial worlds

560 Paleontology .1–.9 Standard subdivisions; stratigraphic paleontology; special topics of paleontology and paleozoology 561 Paleobotany; fossil microorganisms 562 Fossil invertebrates 563 Miscellaneous fossil marine and seashore invertebrates 564 Fossil Mollusca and Molluscoidea 565 Fossil Arthropoda 566 Fossil Chordata 567 Fossil cold-blooded vertebrates 568 Fossil Aves (birds) 569 Fossil Mammalia

570 Biology .1–.9 Standard subdivisions 571 Physiology and related subjects 572 Biochemistry 573 Specific physiological systems in animals, regional histology and physiology in animals 575 Specific parts of and physiological systems in plants 576 Genetics and evolution 577 Ecology 578 Natural history of organisms and related subjects 579 Natural history of microorganisms, fungi, algae

22 500 Natural sciences and mathematics 500

580 Plants .1–.9 Standard subdivisions 581 Specific topics in natural history of plants 582 Plants noted for specific vegetative characteristics and flowers 583 Eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms 584 Monocots 585 Pinophyta (Gymnosperms) 586 Cryptogamia (Seedless plants) 587 Pteridophyta 588 Bryophyta

590 Animals .1–.9 Standard subdivisions 591 Specific topics in natural history of animals 592 Invertebrates 593 Miscellaneous marine and seashore invertebrates 594 Mollusca and Molluscoidea 595 Arthropoda 596 Chordata 597 Cold-blooded vertebrates 598 Aves (Birds) 599 Mammalia (Mammals) 561 Paleobotany; fossil microorganisms Standard subdivisions are added for paleobotany and fossil microorganisms together, for paleobotany alone Including plantlike fossils of uncertain taxonomic position Class here fossil Spermatophyta, Angiospermae; taxonomic paleobotany Class fernlike fossils of uncertain taxonomic position in 561.597

> 561.3–561.9 Specific plants and groups of plants Class comprehensive works in 561 .3 Fossil eudicots, fossil magnoliids, fossil Ceratophyllales, fossil basal angiosperms Former heading: Fossil Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) Class here fossil angiosperms (flowering plants), fossil core eudicots For fossil monocots, see 581.4 .4 Fossil monocots Former heading: Fossil Liliopsida (monocotyledons) 571 Physiology and related subjects Standard subdivisions are added for physiology and related subjects, for physiology alone Class here comprehensive works on internal biological processes For biochemistry, see 572; for specific physiological systems in animals, regional histology and physiology in animals, see 573; for specific parts of and physiological systems in plants, see 575; for genetics, see 576.5 See Manual at 571–575 vs. 630

23 571 Dewey Decimal Classification 571

.2 Plants and microorganisms Standard subdivisions are added for plants and microorganisms together, for plants alone Class here comparative physiology of plants and microorganisms, physiology of agricultural plants Class comprehensive works on plants in 580 .21–.28 Specific kinds of plants Add to base number 571.2 the numbers following 58 in 581–588, e.g., aquatic plants 571.2176, monocots 571.24 For physiology of fungi, see 571.295; for physiology of algae, see 571.298 575 Specific parts of and physiological systems in plants Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivision identified by † as follows: 2 Specific kinds of plants Class here comparative physiology, evolution of the part or system Add to 2 the numbers following 58 in 581–588, e.g., monocots 24 For physiological systems in fungi and algae, see 571; for specific parts of fungi and algae, see 571.5929 For external description of parts and organs and their configurations, see 581.4

> 575.6–575.9 Reproductive organs and physiological systems in plants Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivision identified by * as follows: 2–3 Specific kinds of plants; generalities of organs and systems Add as instructed under 575, e.g., the organ or process in monocots 24, histology 35 42 Biochemistry in specific kinds of plants Add to 42 the numbers following 58 in 581–588, e.g., biochemistry of the organ or process in monocots 42 Class comprehensive works in 571.2 .9 *Animal-like physiological processes Class here behavior of plants .99 *Physiology of predatory activity Trapping mobile organisms Class comprehensive works on carnivorous plants in 583.58

* *Add as instructed under 575.6–575.9

24 577 Natural sciences and mathematics 577

577 Ecology Including ecotones Class here biomes, ecosystems, terrestrial ecology Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivision identified by * as follows: Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or more subdivisions of 577 in the number coming last, e.g., grassland swamps 577.684 (not 577.4) For paleoecology, see 560.45; for ecology of microorganisms, fungi, algae, see 579.17; for plant ecology, see 581.7; for animal ecology, see 591.7 See Manual at 333.7–333.9 vs. 363.1, 363.73, 577; also at 577.3–577.7 vs. 578.73–578.77 .8 Synecology and population biology Standard subdivisions are added for synecology and population biology together, for synecology alone Class here ecological aspects of sociobiology, animal-plant relationships Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivision identified by † as follows: Class ecological succession in 577.18; class rhizosphere in 577.57; class behavioral aspects of sociobiology in 591.5; class predation in 591.53; class comprehensive works on synecology of a specific environment in 577.3–577.7; class interdisciplinary works on sociobiology in 304.5. Class a general relationship between a small taxonomic group and a larger taxonomic group with the smaller group, e.g., plant-microbial relationships 579.178 (not 581.78), relationships between mushrooms and eudicots 579.6178 (not 583.178), between ferns and flowering plants 587.3178 (not 583.178) 580 Plants Class here botany; Embryophyta, vascular plants (tracheophytes), Spermatophyta (seed plants); natural history of plants; descriptive biology of plants; taxonomic biology of plants; comprehensive works on biology of plants; interdisciplinary works on plants Class angiosperms (flowering plants) in 583; class interdisciplinary works on plants of agricultural importance in 630; class interdisciplinary works on food from plants in 641.303 For paleobotany, see 561; for internal biological processes and structures of plants, see 571.2; for fungi, see 579.5; for algae, see 579.8. For a specific aspect of plants, see the aspect, e.g., plant cultivation 631.5 See Manual at 363 vs. 302–307, 333.7, 570–590, 600; also at 577.3–577.7 vs. 579–590; also at 579–590; also at 579–590 vs. 571–575; also at 630 vs. 579–590, 641.3

25 580 Dewey Decimal Classification 580

SUMMARY

580.1–.9 Standard subdivisions 581 Specific topics in natural history of plants 582 Plants noted for specific vegetative characteristics and flowers 583 Eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms 584 Monocots 585 Pinophyta (Gymnosperms) 586 Cryptogamia (Seedless plants) 587 Pteridophyta 588 Bryophyta 581 Specific topics in natural history of plants Class here specific nontaxonomic kinds of plants Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivision identified by † as follows: 01–08 Standard subdivisions Notation from Table 1 as modified under 580.1–580.8, e.g., preservation of botanical specimens 0752 09 History, geographic treatment, biography Unless other instructions are given, observe the following table of preference, e.g., beneficial aquatic plants 581.63 (not 581.76):

Miscellaneous nontaxonomic kinds of plants 581.6 Adaptation 581.4 Genetics, evolution, age characteristics 581.3 Plant ecology, plants characteristic of specific environments 581.7 Plants by specific continents, countries, localities 581.9 Class a specific topic in natural history of plants with respect to a specific taxonomic group with the group, plus notation 1 from table under 583–588, e.g., useful monocots 584.163 For plants noted for specific vegetative characteristics and flowers, see 582 .6 †Miscellaneous nontaxonomic kinds of plants Not provided for elsewhere Class here economic botany Class comprehensive works on carnivorous plants in 583.58 582 Plants noted for specific vegetative characteristics and flowers Class genetics and evolution, adaptation and parts other than flowers, miscellaneous kinds of plants noted for vegetative characteristics and flowers in 581 For a specific taxonomic group of plants noted for either specific vegetative characteristics or flowers, see the group in 583–588, e.g., lilies noted for their flowers 584.32

† †Add standard subdivisions as instructed under 581

26 582 Plants 582

.13 ‡Plants noted for their flowers Class here wild flowers, interdisciplinary works on flowers Class woody plants noted for their flowers in 582.16; class vines noted for their flowers in 582.18; class comprehensive works on angiosperms (flowering plants) in 583 For physiology of flowers, see 575.6. For a specific aspect of flowers, see the aspect, e.g., flower gardening 635.9, flower arrangement 745.92 See Manual at 583 vs. 582.13

> 583–588 Specific taxonomic groups of plants Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivision identified by * as follows: Class comprehensive works in 580 583 *Eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms Former heading: Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) Subdivisions are added for eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms together; for eudicots alone Class here angiosperms (flowering plants), core eudicots For monocots, see 584 See Manual at 583–585 vs. 600; also at 583–584; also at 583 vs. 582.13

SUMMARY

583.2 Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms .3 Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales .4 Miscellaneous core eudicots .5 Caryophyllales .6 Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales .7 Rosids .8 Other orders of rosids .9 Asterids .2 *Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms Former heading: Magnoliidae Subdivisions are added for magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms together; for magnoliids alone Cytinaceae relocated to 583.68; Rafflesiaceae relocated to 583.83

> 583.22–583.25 Magnoliids Class comprehensive works in 583.2

* *Add as instructed under 583–588 ‡ ‡Add as instructed under 582.1

27 583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583

.22 *Magnoliales Including Magnoliaceae (magnolia family), Annonaceae (custard apple family), Myristicaceae (nutmeg family) Including cherimoya, cucumber tree, lancewoods, mace, michelias, papaws, tulip tree (yellow poplar) See also 583.64 for papaws of family Caricaceae Canellaceae, Winteraceae (winter’s bark family), wild cinnamon relocated to 583.24 .23 *Laurales Including Hernandiaceae, Monimiaceae Including avocados, cinnamon, Oregon myrtle (California laurel), sassafras, sweet bay (bay laurel); comprehensive works on laurels Class here Lauraceae (laurel family) Class comprehensive works on myrtles in 583.765 For spurge laurel, see 583.68; for laurels of Ericaceae family, see 583.975; for hedge laurel, see 583.988 See Manual at 579–590 Amborellaceae relocated to 583.292; Austrobaileyaceae relocated to 583.296; Chloranthaceae relocated to 583.298 .24 *Canellales Including Canellaceae, Winteraceae (winter’s bark family) [both formerly 583.22] Including wild cinnamon [formerly 583.22] .25 *Piperales Including Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family) [formerly 583.26], Saururaceae (lizard’s-tail family); black pepper, peperomias Aristolochiaceae are sometimes classed as Aristolochiales [formerly 583.26] Class here Piperaceae (pepper family) Class comprehensive works on peppers in 583.952 [.26] Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort family) Former heading: Aristolochiales Relocated to 583.25 .28 *Ceratophyllales Class here Ceratophyllaceae (hornworts) [formerly 583.29] See also 588.3 for hornworts of subclass Anthocerotidae (horned liverworts)

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

28 583 Plants 583

.29 *Basal angiosperms Ceratophyllaceae (hornworts) relocated to 583.28 .292 *Amborellales Class here Amborellaceae [formerly 583.23] .294 *Nymphaeales Including Cabombaceae, Hydatellaceae, Nymphaeaceae (water lilies) Class Nelumbonaceae (lotuses) in 583.38 .296 *Austrobaileyales Including Austrobaileyaceae [formerly 583.23], Illiciaceae, Schisandraceae [both formerly 583.3], Trimeniaceae Including magnolia vine, star anise [both formerly 583.3] .298 *Chloranthales Class here Chloranthaceae [formerly 583.23]

> 583.3–583.9 Eudicots Class comprehensive works in 583 .3 *Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales Former heading: Ranunculidae Illiciaceae, Schisandraceae, magnolia vine, star anise relocated to 583.296 .34 *Ranunculales (Ranales) Including Eupteleaceae [formerly 583.43], Ranunculaceae (buttercup family), Berberidaceae (barberry family), Menispermaceae (moonseed family), Podophyllaceae Including aconites, anemones, Christmas rose, clematises, columbines, delphiniums (larkspurs), hellebores, lesser celandine, mayapple (mayflower, mandrake), monkshoods (wolfsbanes) For Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae, Pteridophyllaceae, see 583.35 See also 583.952 for mandrakes of family Solanaceae

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

29 583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583

.35 *Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae, Pteridophyllaceae Former heading: Papaverales (Rhoeadales) Variant name for Papaveraceae: poppy family Variant name for Fumariaceae: fumitory family Including bleeding hearts, bloodroot, celandines, Dutchman’s breeches Class Moringaceae in 583.64 See also 583.34 for lesser celandine [.36] Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plant family) Former heading: Sarraceniales Relocated to 583.975 .37 *Sabiaceae [formerly 583.78] .38 *Proteales [formerly 583.89] Including Platanaceae (sycamore family) [formerly 583.44], Nelumbonaceae (lotuses) Including plane trees [formerly 583.44], banksias, grevilleas, hakeas, macadamias, Persoonia, proteas, Telopea (waratahs) [all formerly 583.89] Class here Proteaceae .39 *Trochodendrales and Buxales .393 *Trochodendrales [formerly 583.43] .395 *Buxales Including Didymelaceae [formerly 583.43], Buxaceae (boxwood family) [formerly 583.69]

> 583.4–583.9 Core eudicots Class comprehensive works in 583 .4 *Miscellaneous core eudicots Former heading: Hamamelididae Only those provided for below .42 *Gunnerales Including Myrothamnaceae [formerly 583.44], Gunneraceae [formerly 583.82] Including gunneras [formerly 583.82]

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

30 583 Plants 583

.43 *Dilleniaceae [formerly 583.62] Former heading: Minor orders of Hamamelididae Eupteleaceae relocated to 583.34; Trochodendrales relocated to 583.393; Didymelaceae relocated to 583.395; Cercidiphyllaceae (katsura trees) relocated to 583.44; Casuarinaceae (beefwoods), Myricaceae (wax myrtles), bayberries, candleberry, sweet gale (bog myrtle) relocated to 583.46; Barbeyaceae relocated to 583.73; Leitneria relocated to 583.786; Balanopaceae relocated to 583.83; Eucommiaceae relocated to 583.942 .44 *Saxifragales [formerly 583.72] Former heading: Hamamelidales Including Cercidiphyllaceae (katsura trees) [formerly 583.43], Paeoniaceae (peony family) [formerly 583.62], Peridiscaceae [formerly 583.625], Saxifragaceae (saxifrage family), Crassulaceae, Grossulariaceae (gooseberry family) [all formerly 583.72], Medusandraceae [formerly 583.88], Hamamelidaceae (witch hazel family) Including currants, houseleeks (live-forevers), pickaback plants, Ribes, stonecrops (orpines, sedums), Virginia willow [all formerly 583.72], sweet gums Platanaceae (sycamore family), plane trees relocated to 583.38; Myrothamnaceae relocated to 583.42 [.45] Urticaceae (Nettle family), Cannabaceae (Hemp family), Moraceae (Mulberry family), Ulmaceae (Elm family) Former heading: Urticales Relocated to 583.738 .46 *Fagales Including Casuarinaceae (beefwoods), Myricaceae (wax myrtles) [both formerly 583.43], Betulaceae (birch family) [formerly 583.48], Juglandaceae (walnut family) [formerly 583.49], Castaneoideae (chestnuts), Fagoideae (beeches), Quercoideae (oaks) Casuarinaceae are sometimes classed as Casuarinales [formerly 583.43]; Myricaceae are sometimes classed as Myricales [formerly 583.43]; Betulaceae are sometimes classed as Betulales [formerly 583.48]; Juglandaceae are sometimes classed as Juglandales [formerly 583.49] Including bayberries, candleberry, sweet gale (bog myrtle) [all formerly 583.43], alders, filberts (hazelnuts), hornbeams, comprehensive works on ironwoods [all formerly 583.48], butternuts, hickories, pecans [all formerly 583.49], chinquapin, cork oak Class here Fagaceae Class Jamaica bayberry, comprehensive works on myrtles in 583.765 For ironwoods of a specific order or family other then Fagales, see the order or family, e.g., ironwoods of family Rhamnaceae 583.73 See also 583.99 for bog myrtle (buckbean)

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

31 583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583

.47 *Santalales [formerly 583.88] and Berberidopsidales Subdivisions are added for Santalales and Berberidopsidales together, for Santalales alone Including Santalaceae (sandalwood family), Balanophoraceae, Loranthaceae (mistletoe family), Olacaceae, Opiliaceae, Viscaceae [all formerly 583.88] .478 *Berberidopsidales Including Aextoxicaceae [formerly 583.85] [.48] Betulaceae (Birch family) Former heading: Betulales Relocated to 583.46 [.49] Juglandaceae (Walnut family) Former heading: Juglandales Relocated to 583.46 .5 *Caryophyllales Former heading: Caryophyllidae Variant name: Centrospermae Including Asteropeiaceae [formerly 583.624], Frankeniaceae, Tamaricaceae (tamarisk family) [both formerly 583.628], Anacampserotaceae, Limeaceae, Plumbaginaceae (leadwort family) Including alkali heath [formerly 583.628], sea lavenders, thrifts Theligonum (Cynocrambe) relocated to 583.93 .53 *Caryophyllaceae and related families Former heading: Caryophyllales Including Achatocarpaceae, Aizoaceae (carpetweed family), Amaranthaceae (amaranth family), Barbeuiaceae, Basellaceae, Chenopodiaceae (goosefoot family), Didiereaceae, Molluginaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae (pokeweed family), Portulacaceae (purslane family), Stegnospermataceae Including beets, bougainvilleas, carnations, four-o’clock, ice plants (sea figs), lithops (living stones), Madeira vine, pinks, spinach .56 *Cactaceae (Cactus family) Former heading: Cactales .57 *Polygonaceae (Buckwheat family) Former heading: Polygonales Including dock, rhubarbs, sorrel

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

32 583 Plants 583

.58 *Nepenthaceae and related families Including Ancistrocladaceae, Dioncophyllaceae [both formerly 583.624], Droseraceae (sundew family) [formerly 583.75], Drosophyllaceae, Triphyophyllaceae Nepenthaceae and Droseraceae are sometimes classed as Nepenthales [formerly 583.75] Including Old World pitcher plant family, Venus’s flytrap; comprehensive works on pitcher plants [all formerly 583.75] Class here comprehensive works on carnivorous plants [formerly 583.75] For Cephalotaceae, see 583.825; for Byblidaceae, Lentibulariaceae, see 583.96; for Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plants), see 583.975 .6 *Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales Former heading: Dilleniidae [.62] Miscellaneous orders of Dilleniidae Dilleniaceae relocated to 583.43; Paeoniaceae (peony family) relocated to 583.44; Crossosomataceae relocated to 583.782 [.624] Theales Asteropeiaceae relocated to 583.5; Ancistrocladaceae, Dioncophyllaceae relocated to 583.58; Diegodendraceae, Dipterocarpaceae relocated to 583.68; Strasburgeriaceae relocated to 583.782; Bonnetiaceae, Caryocaraceae, Clusiaceae (Guttiferae), Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae, Lophiraceae, Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae, Quiinaceae, garcinias, mammee apple, mangosteen relocated to 583.83; Oncothecaceae relocated to 583.94; Marcgraviaceae, Pellicieraceae, Pentaphylacaceae, Tetrameristaceae, Theaceae (Ternstroemiaceae, tea family), camellias, Stewartia relocated to 583.975 [.625] Violales Peridiscaceae relocated to 583.44; Bixaceae (annatto tree), Cistaceae (rockrose family), Cochlospermaceae relocated to 583.68; Stachyuraceae relocated to 583.782; Flacourtiaceae, Lacistemataceae, Scyphostegiaceae, Violaceae (violet family), pansies relocated to 583.83 [.626] Passiflorales Caricaceae (papaya family), papaws relocated to 583.64; Achariaceae, Malesherbiaceae, Passifloraceae (passionflower family), Turneraceae, granadillas, maypop relocated to 583.83 [.627] Begoniaceae and Datiscaceae Former heading: Begoniales Relocated to 583.63 [.628] Tamaricales Frankeniaceae, Tamaricaceae (tamarisk family), alkali heath relocated to 583.5; Fouquieriaceae (candlewood family), ocotillo relocated to 583.975

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

33 583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583

.63 *Cucurbitales Including Begoniaceae, Datiscaceae [both formerly 583.627], Anisophylleaceae [formerly 583.76], Coriariaceae [formerly 583.77] Begoniaceae and Datiscaceae are sometimes classed as Begoniales [formerly 583.627] Including begonias [formerly 583.627], cucumbers, melons, pepos, pumpkins, squashes, watermelons Class here Cucurbitaceae (gourd family) .64 *Brassicales Former heading: Capparales Including Caricaceae (papaya family) [formerly 583.626], Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium family) [formerly 583.79], Capparaceae (caper family), Moringaceae, Resedaceae (mignonette family) Including papaws [formerly 583.626], Brazilian spiderflowers [formerly 583.766], alyssums, cabbages, candytufts, cresses, crucifixion thorns, Nasturtium genus, radishes, rapes, rutabagas, shepherd’s purse, spiderflowers, stocks (Matthiola), turnips, wallflowers, watercresses Class here Brassicaceae (Cruciferae, mustard family) See also 583.22 for papaws of family Annonaceae; also 584.724 for skunk cabbages [.65] Salicaceae (Willow family) Former heading: Salicales Relocated to 583.83 [.66] Ericales Relocated to 583.975 [.67] Ebenales, Primulales, Diapensiales, Thymelaeales (Mezereum order) Thymelaeaceae (mezereum family), daphnes, spurge laurel relocated to 583.68; Diapensiaceae, galax relocated to 583.975 [.674] Ebenaceae (Ebony family), Sapotaceae, Styracaceae (Storax family), Symplocaceae (Sweetleaf family) Former heading: Ebenales Relocated to 583.975 [.675] Primulaceae (Primrose family), Myrsinaceae, Theophrastaceae Former heading: Primulales Relocated to 583.975

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

34 583 Plants 583

.68 *Malvales Including Cytinaceae [formerly 583.2], Diegodendraceae, Dipterocarpaceae [formerly 583.624], Bixaceae (annatto tree), Cistaceae (rockrose family), Cochlospermaceae [formerly 583.625], Thymelaeaceae (mezereum family) [formerly 583.67], Elaeocarpaceae, Sphaerosepalaceae Thymelaeaceae are sometimes classed as Thymelaeales [formerly 583.67] Including daphnes, spurge laurel [both formerly 583.67] .685 *Malvaceae (Mallow family) Including Bombacaceae (silk cotton tree family) Including balsa, baobabs, basswood, cacao, cotton, hibiscuses, hollyhock, jute, kapok, kola nuts, okra, rose of Sharon, Sterculia, Tilia (lindens, lime trees) Sterculia is sometimes classed as Sterculiaceae; Tilia is sometimes classed as Tiliaceae [.69] Euphorbiales Buxaceae (boxwood family) relocated to 583.395; Dichapetalaceae, Euphorbiaceae (spurge family), cassavas (maniocs), castor-oil plant, copperleaves, crotons, crown of thorns, heveas, manchineels, mercuries, poinsettias, rubber tree, snow-on-the-mountain, tallow tree, tung tree relocated to 583.83 .7 *Rosids Former heading: Rosidae Including Fabidae (eurosids I), Malvidae (eurosids II) Class here eurosids For Fagales, see 583.46; for Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales, see 583.6; for other orders of rosids, see 583.8 [.72] Saxifragales Saxifragales, Saxifragaceae (saxifrage family), Crassulaceae, Grossulariaceae (gooseberry family), currants, houseleeks (live-forevers), pickaback plants, Ribes, stonecrops (orpines, sedums), Virginia willow relocated to 583.44; Francoaceae relocated to 583.79; Brunelliaceae, Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae relocated to 583.825; Parnassiaceae and brexias relocated to 583.85; Vahliaceae relocated to 583.94; Byblidaceae relocated to 583.96; Hydrangeaceae (hydrangea family), deutzias, mock oranges (syringas) relocated to 583.972; Escalloniaceae and escallonias relocated to 583.984; Bruniaceae relocated to 583.985; Paracryphiaceae relocated to 583.986; Pittosporaceae (hedge laurel family) relocated to 583.988

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

35 583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583

.73 *Rosales Including Barbeyaceae [formerly 583.43], Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family) [formerly 583.82], Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family) [formerly 583.86], Chrysobalanaceae Elaeagnaceae are sometimes classed as Elaeagnales [formerly 583.82] Including ironwoods, jujubes [formerly 583.86], almonds, apples, apricots, blackberries, cane fruits, cherries, chokeberries, cinquefoils, dewberries, stone fruits (drupaceous fruits), hawthorns, loquat, medlar, mountain ashes, peaches, pears, plums, pomaceous fruits, pyracanthas (fire thorns), quince, raspberries, Rubus, serviceberries, spireas, strawberries Class here Rosaceae (rose family) Class comprehensive works on ironwoods in 583.46 See also 583.765 for rose apples; also 583.786 for hog plums of family Anacardiaceae .734 *Rosa (Roses) Subdivisions are added for the genus as a whole and for individual species .738 *Urticaceae (Nettle family), Cannabaceae (Hemp family), Moraceae (Mulberry family), Ulmaceae (Elm family) [all formerly 583.45] Urticaceae, Cannabaceae, Moraceae, Ulmaceae are sometimes classed as Urticales Including banyan, breadfruits, figs, hackberries, hops, marijuana, osage orange, pileas, ramie (China grass plant), rubber plant (India rubber tree), West Indian boxwood; comprehensive works on hemps Class here Urticales For hemps of a specific family other than Cannabaceae, see the family, e.g., aloe and sisil hemps 584.352 See also 583.395 for boxwoods of family Buxaceae; also 583.96 for dead nettles .74 *Fabales (Leguminales) Including Polygalalceae (milkwort family) [formerly 583.82], Quillajaceae, Surianaceae Including Stylobasium [formerly 583.77], alfalfa, beans, beggar’s lice, bluebonnet, carob, clovers, indigo plants, kudzu, lentils, lespedezas, locoweeds, locusts, peanuts (groundnuts), Scotch broom, shamrocks, smoke tree, soybean (soja, soya), tamarind, vetches, wisterias Class here Fabaceae (pea family) See also 583.786 for smoke trees of family Anacardiaceae; also 583.825 for shamrock of family Oxalidaceae

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

36 583 Plants 583

.748 *Mimosoideae (Mimosa subfamily) Former heading: Mimosaceae (Mimosa family) Including acacias, mesquite, sensitive plants, silk tree .749 *Caesalpinioideae (Senna subfamily) Former heading: Caesalpiniaceae (Senna family) Including redbuds [.75] Nepenthaceae (Old World pitcher plant family) and Droseraceae (Sundew family) Former heading: Nepenthales Relocated to 583.58 .76 *Myrtales Including Vochysiaceae [formerly 583.82], Combretaceae, Lythraceae (loosestrife family), Melastomataceae (meadow beauty family), Onagraceae (evening primrose family), Trapaceae Including cigar flower, clarkias, crape myrtle, fireweed, fuchsias, pomegranate Class mangroves of family Combretaceae in 583.763 See also 583.975 for loosestrife of family Primulaceae; also 583.99 for fireweeds of family Asteraceae Anisophylleaceae relocated to 583.63; Brazilian spiderflowers relocated to 583.64; Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut family) relocated to 583.975 .763 *Duabanga and Sonneratia Former heading: Rhizophoraceae and Sonneratiaceae Duabanga and Sonneratia are genera in the family Lythraceae, but were classed in Sonneratiaceae Including mangroves of family Combretaceae, e.g., button mangrove, white mangrove Class here comprehensive works on mangroves Class mangrove swamp ecology in 577.698 For mangroves of family Rhizophoraceae, see 583.83; for mangroves of family Verbenaceae, see 583.96; for mangrove of family Arecaceae (nipa palm), see 584.5 Rhizophoraceae relocated to 583.83

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

37 583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583

.765 *Myrtaceae (Myrtle family) Including allspice (pimento), clove, guavas, Jamaica bayberry (bay rum tree), rose apples, water chestnuts; comprehensive works on myrtles For Eucalyptus, see 583.766. For myrtle of a specific family other than Myrtaceae, see the family, e.g., Oregon myrtle 583.23, wax myrtle 583.46, crape myrtle 583.76 See also 583.952 for pimientos (peppers); also 584.84 for Chinese water chestnut .766 *Eucalyptus (Gum trees) Subdivisions are added for the genus as a whole and for individual species [.77] Rutales Coriariaceae relocated to 583.63; Stylobasium relocated to 583.74; Rutaceae (orange family), Anacardiaceae (mango family), Burseraceae (incense tree family), Meliaceae (mahogany family), Simaroubaceae (ailanthus family), cashew, chinaberry tree, citrus fruits, cork trees, hog plums (Spanish plums), hop tree, orange jessamine, pistachio, poison ivies, rue, smoke trees, sumacs, tree of heaven, varnish trees, comprehensive works on balms relocated to 583.786 .78 *Crossosomatales, Picramniales, Sapindales, Huerteales Former heading: Sapindales Sabiaceae relocated to 583.37; Greyiaceae and Melianthaceae relocated to 583.79 .782 *Crossosomatales Including Strasburgeriaceae [formerly 583.624], Stachyuraceae [formerly 583.625], Staphyleaceae (bladdernut family) Class here Crossosomataceae [formerly 583.62] .784 *Picramniales

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

38 583 Plants 583

.786 *Sapindales Including Leitneria [formerly 583.43], Rutaceae (orange family), Anacardiaceae (mango family), Burseraceae (incense tree family), Meliaceae (mahogany family), Simaroubaceae (ailanthus family) [all formerly 583.77], Aceraceae (maple family), Hippocastanaceae (horse chestnut family), Sapindaceae (soapberry family) Including cashew, chinaberry tree, citrus fruits, cork trees, hog plums (Spanish plums), hop tree, orange jessamine, pistachio, poison ivies, rue, smoke trees, sumacs, tree of heaven, varnish trees, comprehensive works on balms [all formerly 583.77], buckeyes, hopbushes, litchis Leitneria is sometimes classed as Leitneriaceae and Leitneriales [formerly 583.43] Class comprehensive works on ivies in 583.988 For balm of a specific family other than Burseraceae, see the family, e.g., bee balms 583.96 See also 583.46 for cork oak; also 583.73 for hog plums of family Rosaceae; also 583.74 for smoke tree of family Fabaceae; also 583.87 for jasmines .788 *Huerteales Including Dipentodontaceae [formerly 583.88] .79 *Geraniales Including Francoaceae [formerly 583.72], Greyiaceae, Melianthaceae [both formerly 583.78], Geraniaceae (geranium family) Including erodiums, pelargoniums Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium family) relocated to 583.64; Zygophyllaceae (lignum vitae family), creosote bush relocated to 583.822; Oxalidaceae (wood sorrel family), shamrock relocated to 583.825; Erythroxylaceae (coca family), Hugoniaceae, Humiriaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae (flax family), Malpighiaceae, wild mango (dika) relocated to 583.83; Balsaminaceae (balsam family), impatiens, jewelweeds (touch-me-nots) relocated to 583.975 .8 Other orders of rosids Former heading: Other orders of Rosidae [.801–.809] Standard subdivisions Do not use; class in 583.701–583.709 .82 *Zygophyllales and Oxalidales Former heading: Minor orders of Rosidae Gunneraceae, gunneras relocated to 583.42; Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family) relocated to 583.73; Polygalalceae (milkwort family) relocated to 583.74; Vochysiaceae relocated to 583.76; Podostemaceae (riverweed family) relocated to 583.83; Hippuris (mare’s tail) relocated to 583.96

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

39 583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583

.822 *Zygophyllales Including Zygophyllaceae (lignum vitae family), creosote bush [formerly 583.79], Krameriaceae .825 *Oxalidales Including Brunelliaceae, Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae [all formerly 583.72], Oxalidaceae (wood sorrel family) [formerly 583.79], Connaraceae Connaraceae are sometimes classed as Connarales Including shamrock [formerly 583.79] Class comprehensive works on carnivorous plants in 583.58 See also 583.74 for shamrocks of family Fabaceae .83 *Malpighiales Including Rafflesiaceae [formerly 583.2], Balanopaceae [formerly 583.43], Bonnetiaceae, Caryocaraceae, Clusiaceae (Guttiferae), Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae, Lophiraceae, Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae, Quiinaceae [all formerly 583.624], Flacourtiaceae, Lacistemataceae, Scyphostegiaceae, Violaceae (violet family) [all formerly 583.625], Achariaceae, Malesherbiaceae, Passifloraceae (passionflower family), Turneraceae [all formerly 583.626], Populus (poplars and aspens), Salicaceae (willow family), Salix [all formerly 583.65], Dichapetalaceae, Euphorbiaceae (spurge family) [both formerly 583.69], Rhizophoraceae [formerly 583.763], Erythroxylaceae (coca family), Hugoniaceae, Humiriaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae (flax family), Malpighiaceae [all formerly 583.79], Podostemaceae (riverweed family) [formerly 583.82] Rafflesiaceae are sometimes classed as Rafflesiales [formerly 583.2]; Balanopaceae are sometimes classed as Balanopales [formerly 583.43]; Violaceae are sometimes classed as Violales [formerly 583.625]; Salicaceae are sometimes classed as Salicales [formerly 583.65] Including garcinias, mammee apple, mangosteen [all formerly 583.624], pansies [formerly 583.625], granadillas, maypop [both formerly 583.626], cottonwoods [formerly 583.65], cassavas (maniocs), castor-oil plant, copperleaves, crotons, crown of thorns, heveas, manchineels, mercuries, poinsettias, rubber tree, snow-on-the-mountain, tallow tree, tung tree [all formerly 583.69], wild mango (dika) [formerly 583.79] See also 583.22 for yellow poplar; also 583.738 for India rubber tree, West Indian boxwood; also 583.96 for African violets [.84] Cornales Garryaceae, Garrya relocated to 583.942; Cornales, Cornaceae (dogwood family), tupelos (sour gums) relocated to 583.972; Araliaceae (ginseng family, ivy family), Torricelliaceae (Toricelliaceae), wild sarsaparilla, comprehensive works on ivies relocated to 583.988 * *Add as instructed under 583–588

40 583 Plants 583

[.849] Apiaceae Former heading: Umbelliferae Relocated to 583.9882 .85 *Celastrales Including Parnassiaceae [formerly 583.72], Hippocrateaceae Including brexias [formerly 583.72], bittersweet, khat Class here Celastraceae (staff tree family) See also 583.952 for bittersweet of family Solanaceae Aextoxicaceae relocated to 583.478; Icacinaceae relocated to 583.94; Aquifoliaceae (holly family), maté relocated to 583.982 .86 *Vitales Former heading: Rhamnales Including Leeaceae; Boston ivy, Virginia creeper Class here Vitaceae (grape family) Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family), ironwoods, jujubes relocated to 583.73 .87 *Oleales Including ashes, forsythias, jasmines, lilacs, privets Class here Oleaceae (olive family) See also 583.786 for orange jessamine [.88] Santalales Medusandraceae relocated to 583.44; Santalales, Santalaceae (sandalwood family), Balanophoraceae, Loranthaceae (mistletoe family), Olacaceae, Opiliaceae, Viscaceae relocated to 583.47; Dipentodontaceae relocated to 583.788; Cardiopteridaceae (Peripterygiaceae) relocated to 583.982 [.89] Proteales Relocated to 583.38 .9 *Asterids Including euasterids I .92 *Dipsacales Including Dipsacaceae (teasel family), Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family), Valerianaceae (valerian family) Including elders, snowballs, viburnums

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

41 583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583

> 583.93–583.96 Euasterids I Class comprehensive works in 583.9 .93 *Gentianales Including Theligonum (Cynocrambe) [formerly 583.5], Gentianaceae (gentian family), Apocynaceae (dogbane family, Indian hemp family), Asclepiadaceae (milkweed family), Loganiaceae, Potaliaceae, (madder family) Including buttonbushes, carrion flowers, cinchonas, coffee, gardenias, Indian sarsaparilla, oleanders, partridgeberry, periwinkles, Plumeria, rauwolfias, stephanotises See also 584.326 for carrion flower and sarsaprillas of family Smilacaceae Menyanthaceae, bog myrtle (buckbean) relocated to 583.99 .94 *Garryales and miscellaneous families of euasterids I Former heading: Polemoniales Including Oncothecaceae [formerly 583.624], Vahliaceae [formerly 583.72], Icacinaceae [formerly 583.85], Boraginaceae (forget-me-not family), Hydrophyllaceae (waterleaf family) Including baby blue-eyes, borage, comfreys, heliotropes, honeyworts, hound’s-tongues, Virginia cowslip (bluebell) See also 583.99 for bluebells of bellflower family; also 584.355 for bluebells of asparagus family Convolvulaceae (morning glory family), Cuscutaceae (dodder family), dichondras, sweet potatoes (yams) relocated to 583.95; Loasaceae relocated to 583.972; Polemoniaceae (phlox family), Jacob’s ladders relocated to 583.975 .942 *Garryales Including Eucommiaceae [formerly 583.43], Garryaceae [formerly 583.84] Including Garrya [formerly 583.84]

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

42 583 Plants 583

.95 *Solanales Former heading: Scrophulariales Including Convolvulaceae (morning glory family), Cuscutaceae (dodder family) [both formerly 583.94], Sphenocleaceae [formerly 583.98] Including dichondras, sweet potatoes (yams) [both formerly 583.94] See also 584.69 for yams of family Dioscoreaceae Acanthaceae (acanthus family), Bignoniaceae (catalpa family), Buddlejaceae, Gesneriaceae, Globulariaceae, Lentibulariaceae (bladderwort family), Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae, Orobanchaceae (broomrape family), Pedaliaceae (sesame family), Plantaginaceae (plantago family), Retziaceae, Scrophulariaceae (figwort family, snapdragon family), Trapellaceae, African violets, butterfly bushes, calabash tree, foxglove, mulleins, Penstemon, plantains, trumpet creepers, unicorn plants relocated to 583.96; Hydrostachyaceae relocated to 583.972; Columelliaceae relocated to 583.985 .952 *Solanaceae Variant names: Nolanaceae, nightshade family, potato family Including belladonna, bittersweet, butterfly flowers (schizanthuses), capsicums, daturas, eggplants, henbane, jimsonweed, mandrakes, paprika, petunias, pimientos, tobacco, tomatoes; cayenne pepper, red peppers, sweet peppers; comprehensive works on peppers For pepper of Piperaceae family, see 583.25 See also 583.34 for mandrake of family Berberidaceae (mayapple); also 583.765 for pimento (allspice); also 583.85 for bittersweet of family Celastraceae

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

43 583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583

.96 *Lamiales Including Byblidaceae [formerly 583.72], Acanthaceae (acanthus family), Bignoniaceae (catalpa family), Buddlejaceae, Gesneriaceae, Globulariaceae, Lentibulariaceae (bladderwort family), Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae, Orobanchaceae (broomrape family), Pedaliaceae (sesame family), Plantaginaceae (plantago family), Retziaceae, Scrophulariaceae (figwort family, snapdragon family), Trapellaceae [all formerly 583.95], Verbenaceae (verbena family) Scrophulariaceae are sometimes classed as Scrophulariales [formerly 583.95] Including Hippuris (mare’s tail) [formerly 583.82], African violets, butterfly bushes, calabash tree, foxglove, mulleins, Penstemon, plantains, trumpet creepers, unicorn plants [formerly 583.95], basils, bee balms, black mangrove, catnip, Chinese artichoke, dead nettles, ground ivy, horehound, hyssop, lavenders, lopseed, marjorams, rosemary, sage, teak, thymes, vervains Class here Lamiaceae (Labiatae, mint family) Class comprehensive works on carnivorous plants in 583.58; class comprehensive works on mangroves in 583.763; class comprehensive works on balms in 583.786; class comprehensive works on violets in 583.83 See also 583.99 for artichokes, sagebrushes; also 584.39 for plantain of banana family .97 *Cornales and Ericales .972 *Cornales [formerly 583.84] Including Hydrangeaceae (hydrangea family) [formerly 583.72], Cornaceae (dogwood family) [formerly 583.84], Loasaceae [formerly 583.94], Hydrostachyaceae [formerly 583.95] Including deutzias, mock oranges (syringas) [both formerly 583.72], tupelos (sour gums) [formerly 583.84]

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

44 583 Plants 583

.975 *Ericales [formerly 583.66] Including Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plant family) [formerly 583.36], Marcgraviaceae, Pellicieraceae, Pentaphylacaceae, Tetrameristaceae, Theaceae (Ternstroemiaceae, tea family) [all formerly 583.624], Fouquieriaceae (candlewood family) [formerly 583.628], Clethraceae (pepperbush family), Epacridaceae, Ericaceae (heath family), Monotropaceae (Indian pipe family), Pyrolaceae, Saurauiaceae [all formerly 583.66], Diapensiaceae [formerly 583.67], Ebenaceae (ebony family), Sapotaceae, Styracaceae (storax family), Symplocaceae (sweetleaf family) [all formerly 583.674], Primulaceae (primrose family), Myrsinaceae, Theophrastaceae [all formerly 583.675], Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut family) [formerly 583.76], Balsaminaceae (balsam family) [formerly 583.79], Polemoniaceae (phlox family) [formerly 583.94] Sarraceniaceae are sometimes classed as Sarraceniales [formerly 583.36]; Diapensiaceae are sometimes classed as Diapensiales [formerly 583.67]; Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Symplocaceae are sometimes classed as Ebenales [formerly 583.674]; Primulaceae, Myrsinaceae, Theophrastaceae are sometimes classed as Primulales [formerly 583.675]; Polemoniaceae are sometimes classed as Polemoniales [formerly 583.94] Including camellias, Stewartia [both formerly 583.624], ocotillo [formerly 583.628], azaleas, blueberries, cranberries, crowberries, heather, huckleberries, kalmias, kiwi (Chinese gooseberry), mountain laurel, rhododendrons, sourwood, wintergreens [all formerly 583.66], galax [formerly 583.67], persimmons, sapodilla, star apples [all formerly 583.674], auriculas, coralberry, cyclamens, loosestrife, primulas, shooting stars [all formerly 583.675], impatiens, jewelweeds (touch-me-nots) [both formerly 583.79], Jacob’s ladders [formerly 583.94] Class comprehensive works on laurels in 583.23; class comprehensive works on carnivorous plants, on pitcher plants in 583.58; class evening primroses in 583.76 See also 583.76 for loosestrife of family Lythraceae .98 *Euasterids II Former heading: Campanulales For Dipsacales, see 583.92; for Asterales, see 583.99 Sphenocleaceae relocated to 583.95; Brunoniaceae, Campanulaceae (bellflower family), Donatiaceae, Goodeniaceae, Lobeliaceae, Stylidiaceae, bluebells, Campanula, Indian tobacco relocated to 583.99 .982 *Aquifoliales Including Cardiopteridaceae (Peripterygiaceae) [formerly 583.88] Including maté [formerly 583.85] Class here Aquifoliaceae (holly family) [formerly 583.85], Ilex .984 *Escalloniales Class here Escalloniaceae, escallonias [both formerly 583.72]

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

45 583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583

.985 *Bruniales Including Bruniaceae [formerly 583.72], Columelliaceae [formerly 583.95] .986 *Paracryphiales Class here Paracryphiaceae [formerly 583.72] .988 *Apiales Including Pittosporaceae (hedge laurel family) [formerly 583.72], Araliaceae (ginseng family, ivy family), Torricelliaceae (Toricelliaceae) [both formerly 583.84] Including wild sarsaparilla, comprehensive works on ivies [formerly 583.84] For ivies of a specific family other than Araliaceae, see the family, e.g., poison ivies 583.786 See also 584.326 for sarsaparilla of family Smilacaceae .988 2 *Apiaceae [formerly 583.849] Variant names: Umbelliferae, carrot family, parsley family Including anise, caraway, carrots, celery, dills, parsnips, poison hemlocks, Queen Anne’s lace .99 *Asterales Including Menyanthaceae [formerly 583.93], Brunoniaceae, Campanulaceae (bellflower family), Donatiaceae, Goodeniaceae, Lobeliaceae, Stylidiaceae [all formerly 583.98], Calyceraceae Campanulaceae are sometimes classed as Campanulales [formerly 583.98]; Calyceraceae are sometimes classed as Calycerales Including bog myrtle (buckbean) [formerly 583.93], bluebells, Campanula, Indian tobacco [formerly 583.98], artichokes, asters, black-eyed Susans, chamomiles, chicory, chrysanthemums, cornflower, cosmos, dahlias, dandelions, endive, everlastings, fireweeds, fleabanes, gerberas, goldenrods, groundsels (ragworts), guayule, lettuce, marigolds, ragweeds, safflower, sagebrushes, sunflowers, thistles, wormwoods, zinnias Class here Asteraceae (Compositae) See also 583.46 for bog myrtle (sweet gale); also 583.76 for fireweed of family Onagraceae; also 583.94 for bluebells of forget-me-not family; also 583.96 for Chinese artichoke; also 584.355 for bluebells of asparagus family 584 *Monocots Former heading: Liliopsida (Monocotyledons) See Manual at 583–585 vs. 600; also at 583–584

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

46 584 Plants 584

SUMMARY

584.3 Liliales, Asparagales, Zingiberales .4 Orchidaceae (orchid family) .5 Arecales (Palmales) .6 Pandanales and Dioscoreales .7 Alismatales (Alismales), Acorales, Petrosaviales .8 Commelinids .9 Poales .3 *Liliales, Asparagales, Zingiberales Former heading: Liliidae .32 *Liliales Former heading: Liliaceae (Lily family) Including Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae [both formerly 584.35] Including Easter lily, trilliums Class here comprehensive works on lilies For a specific lily not provided for here, see the lily, e.g., African lilies 584.33, Velloziaceae (tree lily family) 584.6, calla lilies 584.724 See also 583.294 for water lilies Aloes, day lilies relocated to 584.35; hostas (plantain lilies) relocated to 584.352; bluebells, hyacinths, lily of the valley relocated to 584.355 .322 *Liliaceae (Lily family) Including tulips .324 *Alstroemeriaceae [formerly 584.353] Including Peruvian lily [formerly 584.34], box lily [formerly 584.353] .326 *Smilacaceae [formerly 584.356] Including carrion flower, cat briers, greenbriers, sarsaparillas See also 583.93 for carrion flowers of family Asclepiadaceae, Indian sarsaparilla; also 583.988 for wild sarsaparilla of ginseng family .33 *Allioideae Former heading: Alliaceae Including African lilies, chives, garlics, leeks, onions, shallots

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

47 584 Dewey Decimal Classification 584

.34 *Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis family) Including Agapanthoideae Including daffodils, narcissus; atamasco lilies, spider lilies Class here Amaryllidoideae For Allioideae, see 584.33 Peruvian lily relocated to 584.324 .35 *Asparagales Former heading: Other families of Liliales Including Cyanastraceae, Tecophilaeaceae, Xanthorrhoeaceae Including aloes, day lilies [both formerly 584.32] For Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis family), see 584.34; for Iridaceae (iris family), see 584.38; for Orchidaceae (orchid family), see 584.4 Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae relocated to 584.32; Stemonaceae relocated to 584.6; Taccaceae relocated to 584.69; Philydraceae, Pontederiaceae relocated to 584.86 .352 *Agavoideae Former heading: Agavaceae Including hostas (plantain lilies) [formerly 584.32], agaves, aloe hemp, aloes (century plants), dracaenas, sansevierias (snake plants), sisal, tequila, yuccas Class comprehensive works on hemps in 583.738 [.353] Alstroemeriaceae Relocated to 583.324 .354 *Hypoxidaceae Velloziaceae (tree lily family) relocated to 584.6; Haemodoraceae (bloodwort family) relocated to 584.86 .355 *Asparagaceae Including Nolinoideae Nolinoideae are sometimes classed as Ruscaceae Including bluebells, hyacinths, lily of the valley [all formerly 584.32], asparaguses For Agavoideae, see 584.352 See also 583.94 for bluebells of forget-me-not family; also 583.99 for bluebells of bellflower family; also 584.86 for water hyacinths [.356] Smilacaceae Relocated to 584.326

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

48 584 Plants 584

[.357] Dioscoreaceae (Yam family) Relocated to 584.69 [.37] Triuridaceae Former heading: Triuridales Relocated to 584.6 .38 *Iridaceae (Iris family) Former heading: Iridales Including blackberry lily, crocuses, freesias, gladiolus (sword lilies), saffron, tigerflowers Burmanniaceae relocated to 584.69 .39 *Zingiberales Including Zingiberaceae (ginger family), Cannaceae (canna family), Costaceae, Heliconiaceae, Marantaceae (arrowroot family), Musaceae (banana family) Including abaca (Manila hemp), cardamoms, ginger lily, heliconias, plantain, prayer plant, turmerics, zebra plant Class comprehensive works on hemps in 583.738 See also 583.96 for plantains of plantago family .4 *Orchidaceae (Orchid family) Former heading: Orchidales Including vanillas .5 *Arecales (Palmales) Former heading: Arecidae Including coconuts, dates, nipa palm (mangrove), palmettos, rattans Class here Arecaceae (Palmae, palm family) .6 *Pandanales and Dioscoreales Former heading: Cyclanthales, Arales, Pandanales, Typhales Subdivisions are added for Pandanales and Dioscoreales together, for Pandanales alone Including Stemonaceae [formerly 584.35], Velloziaceae (tree lily family) [formerly 584.354], Triuridaceae [formerly 584.37] Triuridaceae are sometimes classed as Triuridales [formerly 584.37] Class comprehensive works on lilies in 584.32

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

49 584 Dewey Decimal Classification 584

.62 *Cyclanthaceae Former heading: Cyclanthales Including jipijapa (Panama hat palm) [.64] Araceae (Arum family) Former heading: Arales Relocated to 584.724 .66 *Pandanaceae (Hala family) Including screw pines Use of this number for Pandanales discontinued; class in 584.6 [.68] Typhaceae (Sparganiaceae) Former heading: Typhales Relocated to 584.9 .69 *Dioscoreales Including Taccaceae [formerly 584.35], Dioscoreaceae (yam family) [formerly 584.357], Burmanniaceae [formerly 584.38], Nartheciaceae See also 583.95 for sweet potatoes (yams) .7 *Alismatales (Alismales), Acorales, Petrosaviales Former heading: Alismidae Alismatales are sometimes classed as Alismatidae Subdivisions are added for Alismatales (Alismales), Acorales, Petrosaviales together; for Alismatales (Alismales) alone

> 584.72–584.74 Alismatales (Alismales) Class comprehensive works on Alismatales (Alismales) in 584.7 .72 *Araceae, Alismataceae (Alismaceae, Limnocharitaceae, water plantain family), Butomaceae (Water poppy family), Tofieldiaceae Former heading: Alismales (Alismatales) Including arrowheads Water hyacinths relocated to 584.86

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

50 584 Plants 584

.724 *Araceae (Arum family) [formerly 584.64] Araceae are sometimes classed as Arales Including Lemnoideae (duckweed subfamily) Lemnoideae are sometimes classed as Lemnaceae Including anthuriums, caladiums, calla lilies, Chinese evergreen, dieffenbachias, elephant’s ears, jack-in-the-pulpits, monsteras, philodendrons, skunk cabbages, taro, watermeals Class comprehensive works on lilies in 584.32 See also 583.64 for cabbages of Brassicaceae family .73 *Hydrocharitaceae (Frogbit family) Former heading: Hydrocharitales Including Najas (naiads) [formerly 584.74], turtle grass Najas are sometimes classed as Najadaceae and Najadales (Potamogetonales) [both formerly 584.74] .74 *Other families of Alismatales Former heading: Najadales (Potamogetonales) Including Aponogetonaceae (lattice plant family), Cymodoceaceae, Juncaginaceae (Lilaeaceae, arrow grass family), Posidoniaceae, Ruppiaceae (widgeon grass family), Scheuchzeriaceae, Zosteraceae (eelgrass family) Najas (naiads) relocated to 584.73 .742 *Potamogetonaceae (Zannichelliaceae, pondweed family) .78 *Acorales .79 *Petrosaviales .8 *Commelinids Former heading: Commelinidae For Arecales (Palmales), see 584.5; for Poales, see 584.9 Centrolepidaceae, Flagellariaceae, Restionaceae relocated to 584.9 .82 *Juncaceae (Rush family) and Thurniaceae Former heading: Juncales Standard subdivisions are added for Juncaceae (rush family) and Thurniaceae together, for Juncaceae (rush family) alone Class here comprehensive works on rushes For rushes of sedge family, see 584.84; for rushes of cattail family, see 584.9

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

51 584 Dewey Decimal Classification 584

.84 *Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Former heading: Cyperales Including Chinese water chestnut, cotton grasses, papyrus, umbrella plant; beak rushes, spike rushes; comprehensive works on bulrushes Class comprehensive works on rushes in 584.82 For bulrushes of cattail family, see 584.9 .85 *Bromeliaceae (Pineapple family) Former heading: Bromeliales Including Spanish moss (black moss) Class here bromeliads .86 *Commelinales Including Philydraceae, Pontederiaceae [both formerly 584.35], Haemodoraceae (bloodwort family) [formerly 584.354], Hanguanaceae Including water hyacinths [formerly 584.72], boat lily, wandering Jews Class here Commelinaceae (spiderwort family) Mayacaceae, Rapateaceae, Xyridaceae (yellow-eyed grass family) relocated to 584.9 .87 *Eriocaulaceae (Pipewort family) Former heading: Eriocaulales .9 *Poales Variant names: Graminales, grasses Including Typhaceae (Sparganiaceae) [formerly 584.68], Centrolepidaceae, Flagellariaceae, Restionaceae [all formerly 584.8], Mayacaceae, Rapateaceae, Xyridaceae (yellow-eyed grass family) [all formerly 584.86] Typhaceae are sometimes classed as Typhales [formerly 584.68]; Restionaceae are sometimes classed as Restionales [formerly 584.8] Including Sparganium (bur reeds), Typha (cattails and bulrushes) [both formerly 584.68], reeds Class Cyperaceae, comprehensive works on bulrushes in 584.84 For Juncaceae (rush family), Thurniaceae, see 584.82; for Cyperaceae (sedge family), see 584.84; for Bromeliaceae (pineapple family), see 584.85; for Eriocaulaceae (pipewort family), see 584.87

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

52 584 Plants 584

.92 *Poaceae (Gramineae) Former heading: Panicoideae Including Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Eragrosteae, Leptureae, Pappophoreae, Zoysieae Including Arundinella, Hordeum, Lygeum, orchard grass (cocksfoot), pampas grass, Sporobolus, Thysanolaena .922 *Bambusoideae Including Anomochloeae, Bambuseae (bamboo tribe), Olyreae, Oryzeae (rice tribe), Parianeae, Phareae, Streptochaeteae .924 *Panicoideae Including Paniceae (millet tribe), Andropogoneae (sugarcane tribe), Maydeae (maize tribe) Including citronella, corn, crabgrasses, gama grass, milos, panic grasses, proso, sorghums, Sudan grass, thatch grasses .926 *Pooideae Including Aveneae (oat tribe), Nardeae, Stipeae, Triticeae Including Agrostis (bent grasses), barley, bluegrasses, bromegrasses, espartos, Festuca (fescue), Phalaris (canary grass), rye, timothy, wheat 588 *Bryophyta

.3 *Hepatopsida (Liverworts) Including Anthocerotidae (horned liverworts, hornworts), Marchantiales (great liverworts) Class here Hepatidae (Hepaticae), Jungermanniales, leafy liverworts (scale mosses) See also 583.28 for hornworts of family Ceratophyllaceae 615 Pharmacology and therapeutics Class comprehensive works on pharmacology in 615.1; class comprehensive works on therapeutics in 615.5 .323–.327 Drugs derived from specific plants Add to base number 615.32 the numbers following 58 in 583–587, e.g., belladonna 615.323952 For drugs derived from bryophytes, see 615.322; for drugs derived from fungi and algae, see 615.329

* *Add as instructed under 583–588

53 615 Dewey Decimal Classification 615

.952 3–.952 8 Specific plant poisons, poisons derived from specific plants Add to base number 615.952 the numbers following 58 in 583–588, e.g., opium 615.952335 For fungi and algae poisons, poisons derived from fungi and algae, see 615.9529 633 Field and plantation crops Large-scale production of crops intended for agricultural purposes or industrial processing other than preservation Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Class truck farming in 635 For a specific field or plantation crop not provided for here, see the crop, e.g., bananas 634.772 .8 Other crops grown for industrial processing .88 Medicine-producing plants Add to base number 633.88 the numbers following 58 in 583–588, e.g., ginsengs 633.883988; however, for a crop producing medicine as a secondary product, see the primary product, e.g., poppy 633.75 634 Orchards, fruits, forestry Fruits: reproductive bodies of seed plants having an edible more or less sweet pulp associated with the seed Standard subdivisions are added for orchards, fruits, forestry together; for orchards alone; for fruits alone Class here comprehensive works on tree crops For trees grown for plantation crops, see 633; for pepos, see 635.61; for ornamental trees, see 635.977 .9 Forestry .97 Kinds of trees Class here general topics of forestry applied to specific kinds of trees Add to each subdivision identified by † as follows: .972 Eudicots Former heading: Dicotyledons Limited to the kinds provided for below Class here hardwoods For other eudicots, see 634.973 .973 Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms; other eudicots Add to base number 634.973 the numbers following 583 in 583.2–583.9, e.g., eucalyptus 634.973766

54 634 Plants 634

.974 Monocots Class here palm forestry See also 633.58 for rattan palms; also 633.851 for oil palms; also 634.61 for coconut palm; also 635.97745 for ornamental palms 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) Class here vegetables (crops grown primarily for human consumption without intermediate processing other than cooking and preservation); home gardening, truck farming Class orchards in 634 .9 Flowers and ornamental plants Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Class here floriculture Class landscape architecture of flower gardens in 712 For planting and cultivation of roadside vegetation, see 625.77 See Manual at 635.9 vs. 582.1

> 635.93–635.97 Groupings of plants Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or more subdivisions of 635.93–635.97 in the number coming first in the schedule, e.g., succulent house plants 635.9525 (not 635.965) Class comprehensive works in 635.9 .93 Groupings by life duration; taxonomic groupings .933–.938 Taxonomic groupings Add to base number 635.93 the numbers following 58 in 583–588, e.g., cacti 635.93356, roses 635.933734, orchids 635.9344; however, for everlastings, see 635.973; for comprehensive works on eudicots, see 635.9; for taxonomic groupings of trees, see 635.9773–635.9775 .97 Other groupings of ornamental plants .977 Trees Class here urban forestry; potted, shade, street trees Including tree planting Class comprehensive works on container gardening in 635.986 .977 3–.977 5 Taxonomic groupings Add to base number 635.977 the numbers following 58 in 583–585, e.g., elms 635.9773738; however, for comprehensive works on eudicot trees, see 635.977

55