Interview with Yugoslav student rebels -see page 6 THE Panther leaders MILITANT Published in the lnteresh of the Working People attacked by cops Vol. 32- No. 39 Friday, September 27, 1968 price 15c in Seattle court

By Paul Boutelle Paul Boutelle, Socialist Workers Party candidate for Vice President, is in Seattle on the first leg of a national campaign speaking tour. On Sept. 1 7 he was the principal speaker at the state conventions of both the Black Panther Party and the SWP. (See stories, page 5.)

SEATTLE, Sept. 19-About 10 racist cops beat and tear-gassed Black Panther Captain of Defense Curtis Harris and Cap­ tain of Information William Jackson in a public courtroom here yesterday. After the brutal attack Harris and Jackson were arrested on phony charges of making "oral threats" against the police. The ar­ rest came one day after Harris was nom­ inated as candidate for the state legis­ lature by the state convention of the Black Panther Party. At noon today Harris, Jackson, and two other Panthers filed a complaint of assault with intent to kill against six cops. The Panther leaders were in the court­ room observing the trial of Panther mem­ Curtis and Joanne Harris ber Buddy Yates, who was falsely accused of committing armed robbery. Yates was John Doe charges against three other cops acquitted for lack of evidence when the they had not yet identified. prosecution could not produce a single This brazen assault closely parallels the witness to his alleged crime. Sept. 4 attack on a group of Panthers and Photo by Shannon During the trial, Harris said, a plain­ their supporters by 200 off-duty cops in UNION DEMAND? Racist character of school shutdown called by New York clothes detective came up to him and threat­ a Brooklyn courthouse. Arresting the vic­ teachers' union officials is indicated by sign carried by this demonstrator at ened to kill him. The two exchanged words, tims is a flimsy cover-up for the illegal city hall Sept 16. Target of "law and order" demand is black and Puerto and at that point 10 cops attacked Harris, actions of the police. Rican communities. See stories page 4. using tear gas or Mace. He was choked, Racist vigilante police are on the ram­ kicked and had his eyes gouged. When page against black leaders all over this Billy Jackson came to Harris' defense he country. They know that they are prac­ was also beaten. The two were roughed tically immune from prosecution by the up further as they were taken to the book­ capitalist rulers of this land. It is only Gls press plans ing desk. by a united defense that this savage on­ Harris was charged with threatening to slaught can be beaten back. kill the cops! Jackson was charged with in­ As part of my campaign for the vice terfering with an arrest and threatening to presidency I intend to do all I can to kill cops. Harris was initially held under expose such crimes and to rally support for peace march $2,500 bail and was then released with no for Curtis Harris, Billy Jackson and the bail on personal recognizance. Seattle Black Panther Party in their fight Today Harris, Jackson, Buddy Yates against this unjust prosecution. I urge By George Johnson The Air Force revoked the transfer orders and another Panther brought charges of all fighters for black liberation, and all SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 18- The Air Sept. 16 after legal moves by attorneys assault with intent to kill against Sergeant defenders of elementary human rights, to Force suffered a defeat here earlier this representing Bright and Locks. Ivan N. Veeson, Detective Vernon Yourston rally to the defense of Curtis Harris and week in its attempt to stop the Oct. 12 However, another G I leader is still threat­ and Sergeant C. Church. They asked for Billy Jackson. GI March for Peace. It was forced to ened with punitive transfer. Lieut. Hugh revoke its orders to transfer Airmen First Smith has received orders for Taiwan. Class Michael R. Locks and John Bright He has asked courts for a restraining to Utah for 45 days of temporary duty. order against the Air Force, and the case Locks and Bright, who have been active is still pending. Student Mobilizer reports in organizing the antiwar march, received All three soldiers have declared that the orders removing them from the Bay Area march will not be stopped by such tactics. Sept. 13. The following day they held a Other Gis have volunteered their help and press conference making public this attempt are now working in the office of the Sacred to prevent them from exercising their con­ Heart Catholic Church, the organizing plans for fall action stitutional rights. center for the march. They were accompanied by a panel of Top military officials hope to quash the Through the pages of the September issue e G I teach-ins ministers, doctors, lawyers and teachers march. This was revealed in a "personal" of the Student Mobilizer, the Student Mobi­ e Demonstrations on campus against who support the right of Gis to protest message from Gen. Estes, chief of the Mili­ lization Committee to End the War in Dow, Marine and ROTC recruiters, etc. the war. Telegrams of support came from tary Airlift Command, to Gen. McConnell, Vietnam has launched the organization e Campaign against war research on the New York Veterans for Peace and the Air Force chief of staff. of the Oct. 21-27 Week of International campus. national office of the Student Mobilization Estes stated there would be a "highly Solidarity Against the War in Vietnam. e Campus referendums on war recruiting, Committee. undesirable impact on military discipline Calls for international action against the ROTC, etc. if armed forces personnel are permitted war have been issued by major peace e Showing of antiwar films. to demonstrate in uniform against na­ forces in Japan, Britain and Canada (see e Rallies and leafleting campaigns build­ CP reporters rebut tional defense policies with impunity." (See story, page 3 ). ing toward Oct. 26. The Militant, Sept. 20.) The Student Mobilizer urges all orga­ e Leafleting the nearest Army base. Dis­ Building the size of the march and in­ nizations and individuals opposed to the tributing antiwar GI papers on campuses party's Czech line creasing civilian support for it is seen by war in Vietnam to unite in the streets and at Army bases. the GI organizers as their best protection throughout the country in mass actions The Student Mobilizer lists a variety of page 3 against retaliation. Endorsements have on Oct. 26 to demand the immediate organizing and educational material avail­ come from Local4 of the painters' union and withdrawal of U. S. troops from Vietnam. able from SMC that can be used in build­ Newton interview WACO (Western Addition Community Or­ A central focus of the action, agreed ing the week's activity, including buttons, ganization, a predominantly black neigh­ on by a national conference of the SMC posters, stickers and literature. page 7 borhood group). in Chicago, Labor Day weekend, will be The issue of the Student Mobilizer is the More than 15 ministers and medical support to the rapidly mounting antiwar brightest and liveliest yet and should prove doctors have also endorsed the march sentiment among Gis and defense of Gis very valuable in promoting campus anti­ Set Chicago march and the Gis' right toexpresstheiropinions. victimized for their opposition to the war. war activity. Other labor and black support is expected. The Student Mobilizer offers a series of Copies (five cents, two cents in bulk) page12 The publicizing of the march has in­ suggestions of what kind of activities can may be ordered from the SMC national cluded leafleting, putting up posters and be organized during theweekofOct. 21-27. office at 9 South Clinton St., rm. 225, (Continued on page 12) · These include: Chicago, Ill. 60606. Page 2 THE MiliTANT Friday, September 27, 1968

THE MILITANT Gls write from Vietnam, Korea Editor: BARRY SHEPPARD Business Manager: BEVERLY SCOTT Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., 873 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10003. Phone 533-6414. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. 'I would like Our newspaper, the Albany Lib­ Subscription: domestic, $4 a year; foreign, $5.50. By first class mail: domestic erator, would like to reprint some and Canada $10.50; all other countries, $15.00. Air printed matter: domestic of the facts on McCarthy from the letters to and Canada, $15.00; Latin America, $24.00; Europe, $28.00; Africa, Australia, to help' booklet, like his voting record. Asia (including USSR), $33.00. Write for sealed air postage rates. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The Militant's views. These are Vietnam expressed in editorials. I received some literature con­ The pamphlet, "The Truth cerning the SWP campaign for About the McCarthy Campaign," socialist Vol. 32- No. 39 .126 Friday, September 27, 1968 Fred Halstead. I especially appre­ can be obtained for 25 cents a ciate it as it was very informative copy, or 15 cents a copy in orders • and has given me some ideas. I of 5 or more, from the Socialist A revolutionary coup shall be writing to you in the Workers Campaign Committee, future concerning the SWP, as I 873 Broadway, New York, N.Y. would like to help if possible. 10003. In place of the usual "Letters It is necessary for those of us in France by Halloween? from our readers" column, this of a socialist attitude, yet in the Unionist supports week we are printing a selection military, to avoid being seen with By Alain Krivine of letters recently received by the any type of literature that could socialist campaign The following are exce1pts from a letter by Alain Krivine, Socialist Workers National Cam­ be called "anti-American" in the the leader of the Revolutionary Communist Youth (JCR) of Newton, Mass. paign Committee. eyes of the establishment. As you France, which was dissolved by order of the French govern­ I have just seen your candidates The Socialist Workers Party is can imagine, the majority of the for President and Vice President running Fred Halstead for Presi­ ment in June. The letter was published by the French daily people in my outfit believe the war Combat on Sept. 2. The translation is by Intercontinental [Fred Halstead and Paul Boutelle] dent and Paul Boutelle for Vice is just and necessary and look on "Firing Line" with William President, in addition to many Press. with great disapproval upon Buckley. Since my own political state and local candidates. persons like myself. They have bent seems to find a refuge in During the months of May and June, Monsieur Marcellin eyes, yet are blind in a sense. your party, I would appreciate By harassing us with petty [commander-in-chief of the French police, appointed Minister any literature you could make 'Vote Socialist Workers in '68," things they feel they are hurt­ of the Interior May 30] displayed his talents as an impre­ available to me. As a member of or any others you have-ingreat ing us and at the same time satis­ sario of clubs and grenades. Today, he is revealing great the United Auto Workers, I would enough quantity to reach enough fying their patriotic urges. They aptitude in the field of literature. In the book he has just desire those tracts which pertain people to have an effect on my up­ cannot see that their harassment published and in his ''knowledgeable" articles for the press, to labor's place in the struggle for per-middle-class, segregated high serves to inspire us further. the "Minister of Repression" engages in witch-hunting of a a socialist system in the United school. They would be most grate­ fully received. kind seldom seen in our country.... States. What did we have? A vast plot spawned by a devilish brew of terrorists, anarchists, Trotskyists, PS U [United Socialist 'I only wish Socialist campaign Vt. socialist youth Party J members, pro-Chinese, and a lot of others besides. The argument is simple. The May demonstrators retaliated I could take in Md. high school Proctor, Vt. Among the Proctor youth with paving stones against the clubs of the CRS [Republican Bethesda, Md. there are a small number who Security Companies-elite state-security troops]. That proves an active part' I am a high-school student in are very interested in any poli­ there was a paramilitary organization. Similar demonstrations Montgomery County, Maryland, tical buttons and literature which broke out in several countries. That proves there was an South Korea the county with the highest per­ could be obtained from the So­ international plot. . . . I feel that my thoughts and capita income in the world. cialist Workers Party. We are more Unfortunately for our Bobbies, the first accusations fell flat. convictions are mine alone, and I just arrived here, and I'm than dissatisfied with the two Since no proof could be produced of the existence of armed the Army cannot change them. sorry to say most of the students major parties- and, of course, groups, the first wave of "preventive arrests" in June ended I have heard of the positive things have never heard of the SWP. Wallace's extreme right group. which your party has done in without a single indictment. Now they are switching to a witch­ In fact, most think of nothing Any help from you would be regards to the war. I wish to ex­ hunt in hope that will be more successful. The May days were but clothes and sex. There are, more than appreciated. press my gratitude to you for your Could possibly 10 buttons and only an hors d'oeuvre, you are going to see a "Red October." however, quite a few frustrated almost endless efforts. McCarthy supporters and various 10 or more pamphlets be ob­ The reactionary press is ready to reveal the plans of the I hope all your candidates can confused antiwar people. tained? They would be put to use, insurrection. . .. achieve their goal this election While I don't agree with every­ I assure you. If there is a price, In promoting the notion of a "Red October," the bourgeoisie year. I would appreciate any in­ thing the SWP stands for, I feel let us know. We hope to, and has two aims in mind. The first aim is to discredit the rev­ formation you could spare on the I can easier support it, more than expect to, have more members olutionary vanguard by claiming in November that the attempt war and on your candidates. I any other party. I would like to in our small committee [the Proc­ at a revolution in October, after being isolated, ended in only wish I could be home to take distribute brochures- ''Young So­ tor Socialist Youth Committee] failure. The second aim is to condition public opinion for an active part. cialists for Halstead and Boutelle," soon. You will be hearing from us, stepped-up repressive measures against this vanguard. "The Socialist Candidates in '68," and good luck. Thus we are offered an occasion to reveal our secrets. For revolutionary Marxist militants, a revolutionary situation SWP-'last hope' is created by the conjuncture of various objective factors. Without going into the events of May-June in detail, it is an New York, N.Y. established fact that the student movement was able to set the I am absolutely disgusted with working class in motion by its exemplary struggle because all the presidential candidates and (II you are interested in the ideas of 3737 Woodward Ave , Detroit 4820 I. (313) a revolutionary potential existed within the working class to look to you as my last hope. socialism, you can meet socialists in your TE 1-6135. which none of the bureaucratized parties had given ex­ Would you send me as much in­ city at the following addresses.) East Lansing: YSA, Mike Maniska leo, 614 pression.... formation as possible. Let me Michigan. Apt. 2. 351·0970. The vanguard was not sufficiently prepared to take power know if there are any mailing CAUFORNIA: Atascadero: YSA, Bill Blau, MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, and hold it. There was no alternative leadership recognized charges. P. 0. Box I 061, Atascadero. YSA and Labor Bookstore, 704 Hennepin by the workers. Consequently the pendulum swung back the Berkeley-Oakland: Socia list Workers Ave., Hall 240, Mpls. 55403. (612) other way with the balance of forces again momentarily turn­ Party (SWP) and Young Socialist Alliance FE2·7781. (YSA). 2519A Telegraph Ave., Berkeley MISSOURI: St. louis: Phone EV 9·2895. ing in favor of the bourgeoisie. . . . 'Farce m Chicago' 94704. (415) 849·1032. ask for Dick Clarke. Saying that the system has entered a phase of crisis and Las Angeles: SWP and YSA. I 702 East NEW JERSEY: Newark: Newark Labor profound shake-ups does not mean that it will be possible Cheney, Wash. Fourth St., L.A. 90033. (213) AN 9·4953. Forum. Box 361, Newark07101. to overthrow it in October as it was possible in May. The would appreciate very much Sacramento: Sacra menta State College NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, Carol French, student movement must set objectives in accordance with this if you would place me on your YSA, John Montgomery, West Bridge. *192. 194 Jay Street, Albany 11210. situation and with a responsibility all the greater because it mailing list and send me some of 1025 University Ave., Sacramento, Calif. New York City: Militant Labor Forum, now represents a rather considerable politicalforce. The govern­ your pamphlets and literature. 95825. 873 Broadway (near 18th St.), N.Y. 10003. ment has understood this situation and is now trying to regain The Socialist Workers Party and I San Diego: San Diego Labor Forum, (212) 982·6051. seem to hold very similar views the initiative by choosing its own ground to fight on.... P. 0. Box 2221, San Diego 92112. OHIO: Cleveland: Eugene V. Debs Hall. on black power, the Vietnam war, San Francisco: Militant Labor Forum and 2nd floor west, 980 I Euclid Ave., Cleveland Divide and rule, isolate the students from the workers and peace and poverty. I was a the revolutionary students from the student mass in order to Pioneer Books, 2338MarketSt., S. F. 94114. 44 I 06. (2 16) 791· 1669. supporter of Senator Gene Mc­ Kent: YSA, Roy S. lnglee, 123 Water St. pursue an essentially anti-working-class policy, that is the (415) 552·1266. Carthy, but the shameful farce Santa Rosa: Young Socialist Alliance, N., Kent 44240. 673-7032. objective of the parliamentary majority. that occurred in Chicago proved Stefan Bosworth, 808 Spencer. Yellow Springs: Antioch YSA. Michael In meeting this, the students of May have sufficient maturity to me how much the Democratic GEORGIA: YSA, P. 0. Box 6262, Atlanta, Schreiber, Antioch Union, Yellow Springs to avoid the traps and choose their own ground to fight on, Party is controlled by machines Ga. 30308. (404) 873·1368. 45387. 767-5511. in accordance with the opportunities offered by the class strug­ and party bosses, and how deaf ILUNOIS: Carbondale: YSA, Bill Moffet, 406 OREGON: Portland: c/o Tonie Porter, 5203 gle in this country. Marcellin, weapons ready, is waiting for the party is to the voice of the S. Washington. S. W. Pomona, Portland, 97219. October to crush the vanguard; but we are not going to give people. Champaign-Urbana: YSA, P. 0. Box2099, PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia: SWP and him that satisfaction. Station A, Champaign, Ill. 61820. YSA, 686 N. Broad St.. Philo. 19130. (215) The objective of the first battles will be to preserve the gains Chicago: SWP, YSA and bookstore, 302 CE 6·6998. of May, both the political freedoms in the university and the The Brothers use S. Canal St., Rm. 204, Chicago 60606. TEXAS: Austin: YSA, Charles Cairns, 1803 ties between the workers and students in the Action (312) 939·5044. Enfield Ave .. Austin. Committees .... McCarthy pamphlets INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, Russel Block, Houston: YSA, David Shroyer, 1116 In the period opening up, regroupment of the revolutionary 207 East 2nd St., Bloomington 47401. 339· Columbus St., Houston 78703. (713) JA 9· Marxist vanguard is imperative. The question is whether this Albany, N.Y. 4640. 2236. will occur legally. Marcellin has said that he "was not attacking We at the Brothers could use Evansville: YSA, Ronald Hicks, c/o Lyles, UTAH: Salt Lake City: Shem Richards, 957 E. First Ave., Salt Lake 84103. (80 I) 355· political ideas." Good. Now the government is on the spot and as many of those booklets on the 638 E. Missouri, Evansville. McCarthy campaign as you can Indianapolis: Halstead·Boutelle Cam­ 3537. must decide whether it wants to assume the responsibility of afford to send us. There are sev­ paign, P. 0. Box 654, Indianapolis, Indiana, WASHINGTON, D.C.: YSA. 3 Thomas Cir· driving thousands of militants underground by banning any new eral colleges in the area, and hun­ 46206. cle, N. W., 2nd floor, Washington. D. C., formation to the left of the PCF [French Communist Party]. dreds of would-be radical students MARYlAND: Baltimore: YSA, Toby Rice, 20005. (202) 332-4635. In conclusion, I will tell Marcellin another secret. We have are being co-opted, not to mention 2402 Calvert St., Baltimore. WASHINGTON: Seattle: SWP and YSA, discovered who was responsible for the revolts in Paris, Mexico, the possible effect on the man in the MASSACHUSETTS: Baston: Militant Labor 5257 University Way N. E., Seattle 98105 and Berlin. There is really an International at work, the capi­ street. McCarthy has several Forum. 295 Huntington Ave., Rm. 307. (206) 523-2555. talist International. campaign headquarters in the (617) 876·5930. WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA. 202 Marion city. MICHIGAN: Detroit: Eugene V. Debs Hall, St. (608) 256-0857. Friday, September 27, 1968 THE MILITANT Page 3 Prague correspondents of 'Daily World' hit Gus Hall's Czech line

A bitter denunciation of Moscow's poli­ freedom of all to travel as they wish, the cies in Czechoslovakia and the American concentration camp argument is gone­ Communist Party's subservience to the along with the easily visible part of the Moscow line has appeared in Southern fence. California circles of the American CP in the "As for North's conclusion: 'Then infil­ form of an open letter to the CP leadership tration began.' This, too, is bunk-(to use by its own longtime correspondents in a printable term) ..." Prague, Eleanor and George Wheeler. The The Wheelers directly attack the Soviet full text of the Wheeler letter was reprinted press. They write, "A good part of the in the Sept. 23 issue of Intercontinental smoke for the crisis originated in Pravda. Press. Let us take an example from a field which Written before the Aug. 21 invasion, the we know best. On July 26 Pravda carried letter reveals that the Wheelers had sub­ an article by Juri Zhukov on the danger­ mitted a number of articles favorable to ous tendencies here. the democratization measures of the Dub­ "He wrote: 'Practical actions going on cek regime, none of which had appeared in Prague speak for themselves. One of in either the CP newspaper Daily World or the leading officials 0. Sik spoke on tele­ the CP magazine Political Affairs. vision asking for "encouragement for de­ Indicative of the deep split in leading veloping middle and small private busi­ ranks of the American CP is the fact that nesses."' In order to get the words for the the West Coast CP newspaper, People's part of a sentence he fabricated into quo­ World, published a telephone interview tation marks, Zhukov had to use three with George Wheeler Aug. 31, after his paragraphs of Sik's text! sharp letter had been written, and after "Sik in reply, Rude Pravo, July 28, mere­ the Soviet invasion. ly quoted what he had actually said: 'I "There was no counterrevolution here," don't see any reason why, let us say, a WILL HORSES DO? Even Britain's financial magazine, The Economist, Wheeler told the People's World, "only few (e.g. four to 10) skillful citizens could considers planned Oct. 27 anti-Vietnam-war demonstration in London in current plans for better socialism, for democratic not form cooperatives either of producers issue. Photo of recent protest is from The Economist's front cover. Inside, the socialism ... The intervention is a tragic or artisans.' His only reference to middle­ editors recommend using water hoses on crowd. mistake- one of the most tragic in history." sized private business enterprises was to The People's World described Wheeler as those now existing in the German Demo­ a "veteran American Communist and a cratic Republic. resident in Prague for two decades." "As far as we know Pravda did not print In their open letter, the Wheelers note any correction to this or any other of these that "From Portugal to Norway the Czech­ scare stories. Britain, Canada oslovak Party received messages of sup­ "Are such journalistic practices such an port from the Communist parties of those inherent part of building socialism that countries, as well as from Yugoslavia and they cannot even be talked about without Rumania. one being accused of being anti-Soviet?! "Our pleasure in the correct and wise In our opinion these arbitrary methods, solution of this crisis [the apparant cool­ set Oct. actions giving only one, distorted side of the ar­ ing of the crisis at Bratislava, two weeks gument harm the Communist movement Plans are under way in Britain and A breakthrough in building the Canadian before the invasion] was clouded by our deeply." anxious waiting for the U. S. Party to speak Canada for major anti-Vietnam-war dem­ International Week of Protest, Oct. 21-27, Passing from this condemnation of Soviet up- then in the July 26 issue of the Daily onstrations in coordination with interna­ came with the decision of the 100,000- policies to the American CP, the Wheelers World the editorial spoke up ... but on tional antiwar activities set for the last member Canadian Union of Students to ask "But what of our party in the U.S.? the wrong side. This has had a sad effect week in October. Mobilizations have been support the protest at its recent congress For many years we have resisted the idea on the prestige in Europe of the U.S. Par­ scheduled by the Zengakuren in Japan in Guelph, Ontario. The union is the equi­ that the CPUSA was an irrelevant clique. ty, and we wonder what effect it will have and by the Student Mobilization Committee valent in English-speaking Canada of the We still think it is not. But we are seriously in the United States." in this country. National Student Association in the U.S. worried about the effect of the blunders in The July 26 editorial of the Daily World, The British protest is planned for central Joe Young, chairman of the Student the Czechoslovak crisis. How many more mentioned by the Wheelers, was written London on Oct. 27. Sections of the British Association to End the War in Vietnam, shocks to its prestige can it stand?" press are predicting that the turnout may at the high point of world tension about persuaded the congress to join the antiwar be 100,000; they have launched a crude Soviet troop moves in and around Czech­ They take strong exception to another demonstrations set for Oct. 26, after re­ red-baiting attack on mobilization organi­ oslovakia. The Daily World declared that front-page slander in the Daily World. This turning from the U.S. Student Mobiliza­ zers in the hope of heading off the protest. reports in the American press about the was the Aug. 2 issue which declared in a tion Committee conference held in Chicago In London Sept. 3, Scotland Yard de­ over the Labor Day weekend. "so-called conflict" between Moscow and banner headline, "Details of Plot On Prague tectives raided the office of the Black Dwarf Prague was actually a "smokescreen" to Bared." Featured on the front page was an newspaper and the following day the Eve­ cover the "real conflict" between West Ger­ article that appeared in The Militant of the ning News reported in a front page banner man militarists and Warsaw Pact forces. same date entitled "Left Communist group headline: "Yard in Terror Bomb Hunt." The Wheelers take strong issue with the forms in Czechoslovakia." Actually all the intrepid men from Scot­ SWP on Daily World's whooping up of anti-Nazi The Daily World caption on this was land Yard found at the newspaper office sentiment as a cover for Moscow's Czech "Provocation in Czechoslovakia: The Mili­ was a drawing of a molotov cocktail • invasion preparations. They single out a tant, an American Trotskyist paper, proud­ scribbled on the wall. The Black Dwarf baffio··t 1n July 30 front-page article by Joseph North ly displays this example of Trotskyist is edited by socialist antiwar activist Tariq in which North quotes as authoritative a treachery in Czechoslovakia." report by a Peter Lust from West Germany Ali. Participants in the "subversive conspir­ headed "Neo Nazis Infiltrating Sudeten­ Notable in the organization of the Wis.con·.sin acy" were supposed to include "Prime Min­ land." London demonstration is the widespread ister Couve de Murville of the Gaullist gov­ "North knows so little about the situa­ support. Its basic slogans are "Defeat U.S. ernment of France; the Catholic parties of Aggression in Vietnam," "Victory to the MADISON, ... Wis. -The •.. secretory of tion," the Wheelers declared, "that he refers state's. office. annovncedhere Sept.>l7 to 'Prime Minister Alexander Dubcek.'" neighboring countries, particularly Aus­ National Liberation Front and the Viet­ tria; the leadership of the Socialist Interna­ namese Revolution," and "End the Labor that the Socialist. Workers Party had Actually, Dubcek is first secretary of the quolified for theWiscoosin ballot: Czech Communist Party. tional ... Radio Free Europe; the Central Government's Complicity in the War." Intelligence Agency of the U.S.... [and The London protest is being planned Bob Wilkinson, Vietnam veteran and North reported that Lust "says the dream inside Czechoslovakia] former Nazis, Trot­ by the Vietnam Ad Hoc Committee set SWP candidate forgovernc;~r, presented of Sudetenland once again being German skyites, the Social Democratic party [sic]," up after a national appeal by the Vietnam the nominating petitions to the state remained a dream until 1968 when the Solidarity Campaign. Among British left supervisor ofelections; Leo Fahey, the Czechoslovak Prime Minister ordered the etc. tendencies participating in the committee previous·.day. Two separate petitions removal of all armed posts during his In a postscript to their open letter, the are: International Socialism; the Interna­ w(tre submitted: one containing 4,921 liberalization program. Then infiltration Wheelers rejoin, "After we had written this tional Marxist Group (affiliated to the si!!Jnatures to put Fred Holstead and began." we received the Aug. 2 issue with its shock­ Fourth International); the Communist Poui .. ·Boutelle on the•· ballot;> the other The Wheelers write, "Here the liberaliza­ ing articles- completely undocumented Party and the Young Communist League. -,vith 4,669 signa to res··. in· behalf of W il­ tion program is directly linked to the sell­ and inconsistent, a wild collection of as­ sertions of the McCarthy-Beria type. We kinson 's candidacy. Am inimum of3,000 out of the homeland ... What is the truth? siQnatures>was required on each peti­ "First the defense of Czechoslovakia is cannot answer them in detail because every MURDER IN MEMPHIS paragraph has its distortions, misstate­ tion. far more secure than before, army morale A press conference was heldofterthe has jumped with the democratization pro­ ments and misinterpretations. "For example, there is no Social Demo­ Martin luther King and the Future of pr(tsentation which received !!food cov~ gram ... The frontier defenses were not erage in. the newspapers and on chan­ dismantled, but instead were strengthened cratic party. There is no slogan 'Absolute the Black liberation Struggle M!13 tele':ision .inModi$on; by replacing the unsightly barbed wire and Freedom.' The slander against the Slovaks Nontin()ting petition~ have also been electric fences with electronic devices that was a mark of the Novotny era. Now the Artldos ~J Pool lntollo, Goorgo NoYOGeorge Wallace, the Josopk Hauu, aod Cllftoo Dolorry "Previously tourists, who came in by Slovak ... Socialist· •LC!bor P<.Jrfy and· Euge?e Mc­ thousands along the road from West Ger­ ''We think, in fact, that you owe an apol­ Carthy. The I(Jtter petitlonsweren'tC!c­ 2se 1 many, had seen in those fences the visible ogy to the Czechoslovak party. But, writ­ cepted, however, beca~se theyweren t 'proof' that Czechoslovakia was one vast ten just on its eve, the Bratislava meeting erit . acc:omp(Jnled .. by a lette.rof acceptance from McCarthy. concentration camp. Many Americans com­ gave the full and final refutation of the ~::;:~-~·. '"''" rubhshers mented on them to us. Now, with the new Aug. 2 analysis." Page 4 THE MiliTANT Friday, September 27, 1968 "You iust have to contain them"

By Ethel Bloch "smell bad." Another teacher was heard by I got another insight into the schoolfrom At one point a young teacher on the pick­ NEW YORK-Public School63 on New many to say, upon hearing of the death of the remarks made to me inadvertently by et line broke thrc:mgh his own line to rush York's Lower East Side, with a composi­ Martin Luther King, "Too bad they got one white mothers and white teachers, because into the courtyard and scream at the po­ tion of 85 percent black and Puerto Rican of their good ones." I was a mother who was white and lived lice to use their clubs on Poynter. Within children, and a teaching staff (including A Puerto Rican mother related to me how in a middle-income co-op. a minute dozens of police arrived and principal and assistant principals) 100 per­ her child's teacher told her that her little Last year, on the first day of school, dragged Poynter off. cent white, is caught up in the vortex of the girl was crazy, mentally unbalanced, and when I brought my six-year-old girl to The cops left as quickly as they had struggle for community control of the how she, taking this remark seriously, be­ first grade, I was astounded at the lack of arrived, apparently realizing that the moth­ organization. The children were pouring schools. came very concerned about her child's ers had not broken any law. Then the health and took her to Beth Israel Hos­ up to the locked door, all dressed for the school doors were opened and we all went For years there have been reports of pital's psychiatric department for an ex­ exciting event of the first day of school. in and held a class in the auditorium. teachers heaping indignities upon Puerto amination. But when the doors were opened there was Wednesday, Sept. 11, school was open Rican and black children at P. S. 63. One Her concern turned to fury when the doc­ no effort to talk to the children, no instruc­ and the teachers returned under a short­ kindergarten teacher was known to be very tors told her that her child was completely tions about where to go. lived agreement between the board of edu­ free in slapping the five-year-olds and also normal and that she should never have I spoke to the assistant principal about cation and the UFT. I tried to talk to some remarking to the class that certain children brought her there. this situation. She smiled knowingly. ''You of them. They had witnessed the violence know," she said, "these are different kinds and abuse heaped upon the mothers and of children from those we used to have Ralph Poynter the day before. I hoped here. You can't have any organization with that maybe some of the teachers would them. You just have to contain them. They see that something very important must be are not the same as us." involved for people to put their bodies on One white mother told me how her little the line. They answered with declarations boy's third-grade class in P. S. 63 was like of how much they've tried to help the a private-school class. She told me there children. were 30 children in the class, but that about School lasted two days, and on Friday half of the class were "dummies, "who could the building was locked again. We decided hardly speak any English, and the teacher to march to the local school board and "didn't have to bother with them." That demand that our school be opened. left about 15 which, she pointed out to me, P. S. 63 is part of a "decentralization" is a very good student-teacher ratio. Her experiment by the board of education. It little boy came by at this moment and she is run by a local school board which is called to him, "How many dummies are nominated from the area. All its members, there in your class?" He stopped and however, must be approved by the board thought and then said, 'Well, I think about of education, which makes the actual ap­ 14; one Chinese kid can say 'hello' in pointments. English now." The night before, the local school board, These reactionary whites feel that with under tremendous pressure from angry the present set-up they have a good thing. people and organizations in the commu­ Anything that's good in the public school nity, jumped the gun on decentralization system will be theirs. The white middle­ and held an election in which the district class children will, after the first grade, superintendent, a white middle-class wom­ be segregated into the ''bright" classes with an, was voted out. the best teachers. At the local school board there was tre­ Things came to a head last school year mendous activity. Contingents from when a white kindergarten teacher pre­ schools, children and their parents, would vented the hiring of a black man as her be ushered in. Teachers were directed to assistant after he had been accepted for the accompany the parents and children to job by the principal and had been recom­ their schools so the schools could be opened. mended by the Negro Action Group, a Cheers went up as one school after another community group that screens applicants Shannon was staffed with teachers and even a for jobs in this area. ANTI-BLACK Teachers striking at PS 63 in New York show their outlook principal where necessary. When the Negro Action Group began in picket signs. Black community drive to end racist education in schools is Our group got swift results. We got picketing the school in protest, the PTA teachers and an acting principal. Classes called "race hatred" and "mob rule." president came out with a leaflet stating were held. More mothers brought their that "Outside militants are trying to take over the school. Come and defend your children. principal." The fight is just beginning. We hear that At this point a group of parents set up the reactionary white mothers from vari­ New York UfT strike a caucus in opposition to the PTA execu­ ous District 1 schools are organizing. But tive committee. We ran a short but spirited we are organizing too. We have set up an campaign, but lost because the teachers, official Parents Association separate from threatened with the specter of black nation­ the one controlled by the white minority alism, voted as a bloc against the new slate. and the all-white teachers. sharpens in second week On Sept. 9, the first day of the current Some of the teachers on the picket line United Federation of Teachers strike have shouted that we are being cruel to NEW YORK, Sept.19-AstheNewYork the announcement of the formation of the against community control, I arrived at our children by subjecting them to this City teachers' strike against community UFT Black Caucus on Sept. 15. The caucus P. S. 63 with my child. The teachers were struggle. I disagree with them. I know my control of the schools enters its second is headed by Richard Parrish, the assis­ out on the picket line in force. children have learned much this week. week, no settlement is in sight. Although tant treasurer of the union and a member I walked through the small courtyard They have gained knowledge I doubt any the United Federation of Teachers (UFT) of its executive committee. and informed the principal that I was bring­ teacher could teach them: that there are leadership continues to assert that this The Black Caucus attacked UFT presi­ ing my child to school. He told me the things in this world one must fight for. strike is in support of teachers' rights, the dent Albert Shanker for his "irresponsible school was closed for two reasons. One, action remains, in fact, an attempt to break action in calling a strike against the com­ there were no teachers, and two, it was un­ the growing movement for community con­ munity" and declared "unequivocal sup­ safe, because of renovation (which had trol of the black and Puerto Rican commu­ port" for Rhody McCoy, the black unit-ad­ been going on for over a year). The sec­ nities. (See Sept. 20 Militant.) ministrator responsible to the community ond reason was a real joke, since all the Panthers framed The actual effect of the strike has been governing board of the Ocean Hill-Browns­ past year the school had been open while to increase the demand for community con­ ville school district in Brooklyn. The gov­ in the most unsafe condition, with many trol of the schools, and community orga­ erning board is an experiment in commu­ fire exits closed off, wires dangling from nizations have begun to mobilize against nity control. A central issue in the strike the ceiling, and power saws left plugged in in Indianapolis the strike. has been the UFT demand that the Ocean in the hallways. Siding with the UFT leadership is the Hill community board rehire 10 teachers I joined the other parents who had come Council of Supervisory Associations, an fired by the board last year. with their children through the picket line. INDIANAPOLIS, Ind.- Three black organization of school principals and ad­ State commissioner of education James They were mainly Puerto Rican, black, militants have been held in jail here since ministrators, which has closed the schools, Allen intervened in the strike Sept. 14 and and the consciously radical whites. After .June 23 on frame-up charges of conspir­ locking out numbers of teachers and stu­ ordered the board of education to tempor­ setting up a committee of three to go into ing to assassinate the Indianapolis police dents who have tried to enter. But groups arily take controlofthe Ocean Hill-Browns­ the school to find a "safe" place to carry chief and burglarize a Marine Corps ar­ of parents and teachers have opened many ville district, suspending the local board. on classes, we decided to leave and return mory. The three-Melvin Johnson, 25; schools, and the number is increasing daily. He ordered the 10 teachers in question the next day. Eldridge Morrison, Jr., 23; and Leon A. Meanwhile, in many areas, opposition to transfered to other areas. The following morning Ralph Poynter, a Gomillia, 18-are alleged to be members the strike has been so great that teachers' The Ocean Hill-Brownsville governing black teacher who was fired last year for of the Black Panthers. Bail has been set picket lines have been abandoned. board has not accepted Allen's directive, his militant activities, was at our school at the excessive figure of $70,000 each. There are 1,200,000 students in the New while Shanker has indicated that the pro­ door when I arrived. The teachers' picket At a bail-reduction hearing on Sept. 12, York school system. Fifty-two percent are posal would be acceptable if guarantees line was out front. We expected the principal the chief state witness was a police infor­ black and Puerto Rican, while approxi­ were provided for its enforcement. to let us in, but we were refused; the many mer, Allen R. Watkins, who had infiltrated mately 90 percent of the 55,000 teachers Not only does Shanker want a guaran­ parents and children who crowded in front the Panthers. Watkins is now a regular are white. Ten to 15 thousand of these tee that the authority of the governing of the door were barred by police from policeman here. teachers turned out for a rally called by the board will be effectively suspended, but he entering. The three militants were arrested at a union leadership this week. The UFT leaf­ would like to oust the Ocean Hill board One of the leading mothers, with her Marine training center where, according to let advertising the rally called for an end from the school system permanently. The year-old baby on her back, started to the police agent, they ''had planned to get to "mob rule" of the schools and an end to UFT leaflet advertising the Sept. 16 teach­ move through the door-and then all hell automatic weapons." the teaching of "race hatred." By "race ers' rally made this explicit when it called broke loose. The cops with their usual Watkins evidently believes himself to be hatred" they mean the teaching of black for the "removal of McCoy and the gov­ ferociousness went for her, ignoring the the object of numerous "plots." The infor­ history and black pride to children in the erning board." baby with her, throwing her down. They mer testified at the Sept. 12 hearing that black community. "Mob rule" is the union Meanwhile, on Sept. 19, Rhody McCoy tackled Ralph Poynter, who tried to aid while the three militants were in jail some­ bureaucrats' racist description of the at­ announced that the governing board would her, beating him to the ground. A main­ one had planted a bomb in his car, shot tempts of the black community to control refuse to enter into negotiations with the tenance man grabbed a hammer and also at him on Indiana Avenue, and that he its own schools. board of education and the UFT so long went for Poynter, but instead was thrown single-handedly fought off five men who A possibly significant development was as the suspension order is not revoked. on top of a three-year-old child. had dragged him from his car Aug. 15. Friday, September 27, 1968 THE MILITANT Page 5 SWP ticket selected at Wash. convention By Bruce Houston He went on to explain the importance SEATTLE, Wash.- Despite a bomb of building an independent black political threat that briefly forced over 17 5 dele­ party in the United States and stated that gates out into the rain, the Socialist Work­ the Black Panther Party represents an im­ ers Party held a successful state conven­ portant step in this process. tion here Sept. 17 to place its candidates Camejo's speech was interrupted by a on the ballot for the Nov. 5 general elec­ phone call saying that a bomb had been tion. Over 200 people, most of them youth, placed in the building and would explode attended the ali-day convention. The con­ in 1 0 minutes. Everyone left the building vention nominated Fred Halstead for Pres­ and returned after that time had passed. ident, Paul Boutelle for Vice President, Camejo talked about the recent situation Debbie Leonard for U.S. Senate and Will in Berkeley and stressed the need to build Reissner for state legislature. an organization to win the struggle for socialism in America. Any party wishing to be on the ballot He went on to explain that just as students in an election in Washington must hold and black people were once quiescent and a state convention attended by at least now are radicalizing, so white workers also 100 registered voters who do not vote in will start to move against the present social a primary on primary day, Sept. 17. system. He urged students and young peo­ The SWP obtained more than the required ple not to lose sight of that perspective. 100 signatures on nominating certificates. An unusually large number of parties are trying to get on the ballot in this manner this year, including the Peace and Free­ dom Party; the Black Panther Party; the Boutelle raps New Party, a pro-McCarthy group; the Socialist Labor Party; and the Free Ballot in Seattle Party, which is supporting the Communist Party presidential ticket. SEA TILE, Sept. 19 -In addition to The convention was addressed by Paul speaking at the Socialist Workers Par­ PANTHERS. Seattle Panther nominee Curtis Harris observes Panther Captain Boutelle; Peter Camejo, Berkeley student ty and Block Panther Party state con­ Aaron Dixon conduct political action class. leader; Will Reissner; and Debbie Leonard. ventions here in Seattle, SWP vice­ Tom Leonard, chairman of the conven­ presidential candidate Paul Boutelle tion, read a statement supporting the idea kicked off his nationwide fall campaign of independent black political action and tour with a talk Sept. 18 to 1,000 stu­ congratulating the Black Panther Party for dents at Garfield High SchooL Seattle Panthers running an independent campaign in Wash­ Boutelle and a representative of the ington. Debbie Leonard announced publi­ Student Nonviolent Coordinating Com­ cation of a pamphlet on the case of Aaron mittee spoke at the school on the in­ Dixon, a Seattle Black Panther Party leader vitation of the Black Student Union. who is being framed by the cops on a After the meeting, Boutelle led a dis· nominate Harris charge of "grand larceny by possession." cussion group on education and later Boutelle explained how socialists view spoke to two classes on the SWP cam­ SEATTLE- Black Panther co-captain national 1 (}.point program as well as the black nationalism and the black-power paign. A lively discussion period fol­ Curtis Harris was nominated for state local 1 0-point program formulated by the movement. He told the mostly white audi­ lowed his remarks, and many students representative at a nominating convention Seattle Panthers. He vigorously assailed ence that Afro-Americans would be in the expressed interest in the campaign. of the Black Panther Party here Sept. 17. the police attacks on his party. vanguard of the revolution in America. He will run in the 37th district, position B. Aaron Dixon, a Panther leader, his bro­ To place a candidate on the ballot, a ther Elmer Dixon, and several guest speak­ nominating convention must be attended ers addressed the convention. Among the Michigan cops jail 200 by 1 00 registered voters. Despite the con­ guest speakers were Jill Severen of the stant, ugly harassment of the Panthers Freedom Socialist Party; Carolyn Black, by Seattle police, some 300 people attend­ national field secretary of the DuBois Clubs; ed the convention. Walt Crowley, a local Peace and Freedom in ADC protest action The convention restricted itself to the candidate; and Marcy Hall, of the Black nomination of Harris and did not name Student Union at the University of Wash­ ANN ARBOR, Mich.-Almost 200 peo­ Student Government Council ( SGC) and the a candidate for President or other offices. ington. Eldridge Cleaver, minister of information ple were arrested here Sept. 6 after police campus newspaper, the Michigan Daily. The principal guest speaker was Paul broke up a sit-in at the Washtenaw County of the national Black Panther Party, who An indication of the widespread support Boutelle, Socialist Workers vice-president­ Building. The demonstrators were support­ was nominated for President by the Wash­ for the action in the university community ial nominee. He recounted to the interested ing demands by mothers receiving funds ington Peace and Freedom Party, was is the fact that the SGC contributed $1,500 audience the development of the movement under the Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) scheduled to address the Panther conven­ to the bail fund for the arrested students for a black political party, including the program for increased payments. tion but was unable to be there. and that the university's president, Robben experience of the Michigan Freedom Now One hundred seventy UniversityofMich­ Authorities in Oakland prevented Cleaver Fleming, felt compelled to inform city and Party, his own experience as a founder of igan students were among those arrested. from leaving the state, asserting it would county officials that the university would the New York Freedom Now Party in The sit-in had been decided on earlier the violate the terms of his parole. He accepted not interfere with students who act in off­ 1963, and the work of the Lowndes County, same day at a campus rally of more than the Washington Peace and Freedom nomi­ campus affairs not directly involving the Ala., Freedom Party. He also discussed nation by phone. 1,200 called by the Ad Hoc Committee university. In accepting the Panther nomination, the development of his socialist views. to Support Welfare Rights. The committee Curtis Harris pointed to the significance Curtis Harris' campaign is going ahead is composed of members of VOICE, the Mothers dependent on ADC were demand­ of the fact that this was the first time a despite the brutal courtroom attack campus chapter of Students for a Demo­ ing sufficient funds to adequately clothe black party was contesting for office in on him by the police the day following cratic Society; the Young Socialist Alliance; their children for the beginning of the school the state. He presented the Black Panther's the convention. (See story page 1.) and the New Politics Party. Its actions year. They finally accepted a county offer have been endorsed by the university's of $70 per child.

WEEKLY CALENDAR NEW MATERIALS fOR THE FALL CAMPAIGN

BOSTON NEW YORK CAMPAIGN '68. Speaker: Fred Halstead, Socialist THE NEW YORK BlACK PANTHERS SPEAK. Captain New and attractive Young Socialists for Halstead and Boutelle Brochure. Workers Party presidential candidate. Fri., Sept. 27, Jaudon Ford, New York Black Panther Party; Fred (Describes young socialist activities until Nov. 5, and after.) 8:15 p.m. 295 Huntington Ave., Rm. 307 (one block Richardson, deputy minister of information, New York from Mass. Ave.) Ausp. Militant labor Forum. Black Panther Party; Jorge Aponti, lieutenant, New York • Black Panther Party. Fri., Sept. 27, 8:30p.m.873 Broad­ Halstead and Boutelle posters. (Halstead poster, blue and white; Boutelle, DETROIT way, near 18th St. Contrib. $1. Ausp. Militant labor red and brown; each 11 "by 17", with space for advertising local meetings.) BIAFRA AND/OR NIGERIA? Speaker: Henry Austin. Forum. Fri., Sept. 27, 8:00 p.m. Debs Hall, 3737 Woodward. For more information, call 831-6135. Ausp. Friday Order now! Night Socialist Forum. PHilADElPHIA• REVOLUTION AND REPRESSION IN FRANCE. Speak· • YSHB brochures, $1.50 per hundred; posters, $2.00 per hundred. lOS ANGELES er: Helena Hermes, national secretary, Committee to ELECTIONS 1968-WHAT CHOICE FOR THE LEFT? Defend the French Students. Fri., Sept. 27, 8:30 p.m. Panel discussion. Speakers: Paul Boutelle, SWP candi· 686 North Broad St., Broad and Fairmount. Donation: date lor Vice President; Milton Zaslow, member, los 51; students, 75 cents. Ausp. Militant labor Forum. NAME ... Angeles county council, Peace and Freedom Party; Joyce Miller, McCarthy supporter. Fri., Sept. 27, 8:30 ADDRESS. p.m. 1702 East Fourth St. Ausp. Militant labor Forum. TWIN •CITIES FROM STUDENT REVOLT TO SOCIAliST REVOLU­ CITY .... STATE ZIP MARXIST RADIO COMMENTARY, now weekly, by TION. Speaker: Carol Lipman, editor, the Young Socia~ Theodore Edwards, Socialist Workers Party. Mondays, ist magazine. Fri., Sept. 27, 8:30 p.m. 704 Hennepin, 6:45 p.m.; repeated Tuesdays, 10:15 a.m. KPFK (90.6- Hall 240, Minneapolis. Ausp. Twin Cities Socialist Socialist Workers National Campaign Committee FM). Forum. 873 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10003 Page 6 THE MILITANT Friday, September 27, 1968 A talk with Yugoslav stud~

By Barry Sheppard I explained that I was from The Militant what happens, and that we should not The demands of the students now es­ BELGRADE, Sept. 7- Having read the and that I would like to interview them 'interfere in the internal affairs of another calated to embrace the key social questions. reports of the student demonstrations here a bout the movement here. Although they all socialist country.' One immediate demand was that the poli­ last June, and not knowing anyone in had to return to their studies, they agreed "But it was very clear to us that the ticians present at the police attack be re­ Yugoslavia, upon my arrival in Belgrade to take time out, and we went to a student Polish students were demonstrating for moved. There were other demands for this morning I went directly to the depart­ lounge for a discussion over a thick, sweet, democratic rights supposedly guaranteed better conditions for the students, "but these ment of philosophy building of the Uni­ black Turkish coffee and plum brandy. by the Polish constitution." were subordinated to the general social versity of Belgrade. This department has Svetlana explained that the student move­ "This was important," Milan added, "be­ demands which were now raised,"Svetlana been at the center of the student move­ ment really began in 1966. 'We had student cause for the first time the students' stated said. ment here. organizations before that," she said, "but political objective was different from the The students met in assembly all day and Classes have not yet begun, and most they were formal and rather bureaucratic." government's." late into the night during the occupation. students are studying for exams which In December, 1966, students organized The June demonstrations developed from They renamed the university the "Red Uni­ are to take place next week, so there aren't their first major action. The issue was the an "unimportant incident," Svetlana ex­ versity of Karl Marx," and put forward many students around the university. But same one which has been instrumental plained. the slogan, "Down with the red bourgeois­ in the courtyard of the department of in radicalizing students the world over­ The University of Belgrade campus, ie!" philosophy building I happened to meet Vietnam. where the student dormitories are, is not This slogan, and the political position a group of students who have been active The demonstration began at the depart­ directly adjacent to the university build­ of these students in general, has nothing in in the movement. Two of these, Milan ment of philosophy building. The students ings but is across a river, in New Belgrade. common with the theories of Milo van Djilas. Nikolic and Svetlana Vidakovic, speak En­ planned to march from there to the U. S. On the night of June 1, a traveling out­ Djilas himself was dismissed with contempt glish. library, a short distance away. But the door show had been scheduled to appear by Milan, who said Djilas has been blown police came and blocked the students from in New Belgrade. However, since it began up in the West all out of proportion to marching through the streets, which re­ to rain, the show was moved into a hall. his influence in Yugoslavia. sulted in a sharp clash between the 3,000 Thousands of :..;udents who had come for "Down with the red bourgeoisie!" referred to 6,000 students and the cops. the show were not able to get into the to a number of things, Milan and Svet­ "This was the first time we realized what hall and milled around outside. The police lana told me, all related to the growth of the true nature of the police is," Milan then attempted to clear them from the area social differentiation. 'We don't want equali­ said. 'We saw that our police is not a by force. ty in poverty,"Svetlana said, ''but we also true militia, the armed people, but a re­ "The students and the police fought," don't want social differences to increase." pressive force." Svetlana said, "and the students were forced Svetlana explained that certain petty ca­ "And," Svetlana added, "we saw them back to the campus. That night they met pitalists, small shopkeepers, shoemakers, protecting American imperialism." and decided to march into Belgrade the those engaged in aspects of the tourist There were other actions before the big next day to protest the police action. industry, etc., are permitted to operate, demonstrations in June. On April 6, there "About 3,000 students began the march and that some have accumulated a certain was an officially sponsored demonstration the morning of June 2. But the police amount of capital. Others have accumu­ against the Vietnam war in which the were waiting for the students at a passage­ lated money in underhanded or illegal students participated, but in their own way that goes under a railroad and attack­ ways. There have been moves by a few fashion. ed them there. This was the worst attack such people to set up factories on a capi­ A ship from the U. S. Sixth Fleet was we have experienced. The police had water talist basis. scheduled to make a stop in Dubrovnik, cannon and also used pistols. During the 'While this hasn't happened yet," Svet­ a Yugoslav port. The students on the April two or three hours the battle lasted, the lana said, "there was a danger the govern­ 6 march continued the demonstration after students fought back with paving stones ment would allow this. One of our demands it was officially over, marching to the and succeeded in setting fire to a vehicle was that this should not be permitted, department of philosophy building. They with a water cannon, but they were finally and we raised the slogan, 'No capitalism threatened to occupy the building if the driven back to the campus. here.'" U.S. ship was allowed to dock. The govern­ 'We estimate that 136 people were hurt, Svetlana also said that since the 1964- ment acceded to the student demand, and with 1 05 of these being students. Two 65 economic reform, individual enterprises the ship was turned away. students were wounded by gunfire. have begun to raise money by borrowing D Earlier, students collected signatures in "There were important politicians at the at interest rates above what banks offer. B support of Polish students demonstrating scene of the battle, including the mayor, 'We are very much against people making for greater democracy. They did the same the chiefs of police of Belgrade and Serbia, such investments. We do not want people in support of West German students dem­ and others. From this we know that the to make money through investments and onstrating against the Springer newspaper police were not acting on their own. not by working," she said. monopoly and in support of the West "At the campus, the students decided to Another source of inequality is the wide German struggle against the new "emer­ occupy the university. By going into Bel­ range of salaries. "Administrators of fac­ gency laws." On May 10, the eve of a big grade individually or in small groups tories receive a guaranteed fixed wage, West German demonstration against the the students were able to get pastthepolice. plus a bonus if the factory does well. If WI police-state laws, 600 Yugoslav students By that time, many more students, some the factory does not show a profit, however, is staged a sit-in in front of the West German who do not live on the campus, came to they never fall below their guaranteed cr embassy. the university. Over 24,000 joined the wage," Svetlana said. "But the workers ar 'When we supported the German stu­ occupation, which was successful in all in the same factory will get much less than PI dents," Svetlana explained, "the govern­ departments. their official wage ifthe factory does poorly, m ment was with us. But not when we sup­ "Action Committees were formed in each down to the national minimum wage of MILAN NIKOLIC. Student activist ported the Polish students. Then, govern­ department, and a Central Action Commit­ 35,000 dinars a month. Many politicians p! speaking in courtyard of University ment representatives came and spoke with tee was also formed." Milan was a member and administrators receive 600,000 dinars p! of Belgrade during student occupation us and told us that things were not clear of the Action Committee at the department a month, so you see this is quite a spread." bt in June. in Poland, that we should wait and see of philosophy. "The 'red bourgeoisie' refers to all the ea privileged and rich, those bureaucrats and m politicians with high salaries, those who in have become richer as a result of petty capitalist operations, or those who have su Statement of Belgrade Univ. students gotten their money in more unsavory in ways," they said. m cr The following statement was adopted at 2) In order to make possible a rapid All self-management organs must be re­ One of the student demands was for the a student general assembly in the faculty and effective solution to the problem of sponsible for the completion of their parti­ creation of new jobs to end unemployment, of philosophy and sociology at the Uni­ unemployment, a long-range development cular tasks and must be held responsible which has become a serious problem. This th versity of Belgrade on June 5. It was concept of our economy must be adopted, in case they fail to complete these tasks. can be seen in a casual walk around Bel­ so adopted by the students after consultation based on the right to work for all people Personal responsibility must be given its grade on a working day, where you find ell with professors and then published in the in our country. full importance. able-bodied men obviously idle. (The so­ th cial differentiation is also obvious, for newspaper The Student. Following this, it is necessary to adopt 4) In coordination with the development se· example, in terms of the kinds of cars a corresponding investment policy in order of self-management organs, all social and different people drive. Many workers can­ that full employment will be created along political organizations, in particular the n~ In order to make possible the most rapid not afford automobiles. Some have small with improved material and cultural condi­ League of Communists, must adopt demo­ is and effective solution to the major prob­ Fiats, and then there are gradations up to tions for all our people. Measures must cratic internal reforms. Most importantly, a '.I lems facing our socialist society and self­ the sleek Mercedes driven by top officials.) be taken making possible the employment a basic democratization of the means of management community of free and equal "The growth in unemployment," Milan of young qualified workers. To this aim, public communication must be carried out. W( people and nations, we find the following said, "is related to the economic reform honorary and overtime work must be Finally, the democratization of all freedoms lia to be necessary: reduced to a minimum or prohibited al­ and rights foreseen in the constitution must of 1964-65, which allows individual enter­ in 1) Adoption of measures which will together. Unfilled work places must be be achieved. prises to compete with each other in a otl quickly reduce the great social differences filled only by those possessing the necessary 5) Decisively stop all attempts to disin­ modified market system and to make poli­ gr in our community. In connection with this qualifications. tegrate or turn social property into the cy decisions like hiring and firing on the we demand that the socialist principle property of stockholders. Energetically basis of profitability (although of course ge 3) Measures are required for the rapid of distribution according to work be system­ stop all attempts to turn private labor the factories remain nationalized). While fr< creation of self-management in our society a tic ally applied; that criteria for deter­ into the capital of individuals or groups. there is a degree of workers control and and for the destruction of those bureaucratic mining personal income be clearly and Both of these tendencies must be clearly self-management within each enterprise, no forces which have hampered the develop­ exactly established; that minimum and made illegal by appropriate laws. this market system has meant a different­ thi ment of our community. Self-management maximum personal incomes be determined; 6) The housing law must be immediately iation between richer and poorer enter­ da that differences in personal incomes based relations must be systematically developed amended to prevent speculation in social prises, the growth of unemployment, and m< on monopolistic or other privileged, non­ not only in working organizations but also and private property. a weakening of the general economic plan. mi socialist positions be abolished; that action at all levels of our society, communal and 7) The educationalsystemmustbeimme­ "The Stalinist method of bureaucratic we be taken against the accumulation of federal, in such a way as to make possible diately reformed so as to answer the needs centralization produced bad results. When ha private property by nonsocialist maneu­ real control by producers over these self­ of development of economic, cultural and the government tried to solve the problems de management organs. vers; and that improperly gained private self-management relations. caused by bureaucratic centralism, they w~ property be immediately nationalized. The essential point in the development 8) To adopt a constitutional guarantee implemented this idea of the individual 35 Privilege in our society must be liqui­ of real self-management is that workers for the rights of all young people to equal enterprises competing in a market tio dated. Measures are necessary to progress­ independently decide on all important con­ educational conditions. economy. ively tax incomes above the determined ditions of work and on the distribution of 9) To write into law the autonomy of "This goes back to Adam Smith and the stu maximum. their surplus-value. the university. concept that the working of the market Sv )8 Friday, September 27, 1968 THE MILITANT Page 7 ·udent rebels After the trial: interview

s­ with Huey P. Newton s. li­ e- The following interview with Black Pan­ ther leader Huey P. Newton was obtained Sept. 10, two days after his frame-up conviction on a charge of voluntary man­ slaughter for allegedly killing Oakland policeman John Frey last October. The :d black liberation fighter is scheduled to be sentenced Sept. 27. At that time the judge 1. i­ will also rule on whether Newton will be released on bail while his case is being d appealed. s- The morning of the interview two Oak­ land cops had fired 12 shots into the n Panther headquarters. Newton began by n commenting on this racist attack. s. Huey P. Newton. Well, Iwasn'tsurprised >t that this happened; it's the police modus n operandi to engage in such activities. It's 0 not the first time it has happened. About 13 months ago the police shot into our d headquarters on 58th and Grove St. This t­ was never reported to the police because I •f can't see any point in reporting a criminal i- to a criminal. 0 I had ordered the Black Panthers to with­ draw or evacuate all headquarters through­ 1- out the country, because I anticipated the ;, police to make a vicious attack upon us, :t attempting to stimulate or spark a rebel­ lion in the community, or defense in the rJ. community, so they could move their troops in and brutalize and murder our people. So it wasn't a surprise to me that this Huey P. Newton happened. We had taken it under consi­ deration and we had prepared for self­ the compromise. I think he did this in good defense. A hasty withdrawal is sometimes faith. the best defense mechanism. He worked on the basis, the basis of his decision was that if I would be tried a second time, that because of the nature of the racist society I would be convicted of first degree murder, because of racism. Urgent! So, rather than to hang the jury up, he engineered and persuaded the jury to com­ promise. The date for a ruling on whether This is only speculation. This is the only DURING JUNE REBELLION. Students meet in department of philosophy, Huey Newton will be freed on bail way I can see the verdict. The verdict Belgrade University. while appealing his case has been set doesn't reflect the evidence at all. So I for Sept. 27. Telegrams, messages of think it was a compromise verdict, and will solve all problems, but this is no more and the movement will continue." support and petitions should immedi­ this is illegal in itself, but I am asking true in a socialist country than in a capi­ We then turned to a discussion of inter­ ately be sent to Judge Friedman and that the black community not hold any talist one. The whole economic reform was national questions. Milan said that the the Probation Department, Superior hostility against Brother Harper or the a piece of stupidity by the top officials. students generally demand that the govern­ Court, Oakland, Calif. Copies to Huey other people who believed in my innocence 'When people objected to the reform, they ment be more active in providing moral Newton Defense Fund, Box 318, Berke­ on the jury. were accused of being Stalinist. But there and material support to the colonial liber­ ley, Calif. Brother Harper stated earlier in the trial is a third way different from either bureau­ ation movement. during the jury selection that he had plan­ cratic centralism or the free-market "Our government has made economic ned to teach at Merritt College, or Oak­ arrangement between individual enter­ and cultural contacts with the dictatorship Q. Will the Panthers react in any way to land City College next semester. I'm ask­ prises, and that is genuine self-manage­ in Colombia, for example," Milan said. this police attack? ing the students at Merritt College to respect ment of the whole society. "But we know of the the existence of the A. No, I have admonished the Panthers him and not hold any hostility against him "Democratic self-management now is guerrilla movement in that country which not to respond to this vicious attack, and because he was operating in good faith practiced in theory in each individual enter­ is fighting that dictatorship and we are I'm asking the community in general not even though it was a matter of ignorance, prise, although in practice it is limited by on the side of the guerrilla fighters. We to respond. I'm asking the community to because I don't believe that he knew that bureaucracy and because it is isolated to are opposed to this pragmatism in the restrain itself because the police only want he was delivering me to a penal institution each separate factory. The laws of the government's foreign policy." an opportunity to murder our people and that would probably keep me every day of market tend to dominate the decisions taken Milan said fuat the French May events we will not give them that opportunity. 15 years. He had no way of knowing in each enterprise. and the recent process of the democrati­ Q. According to California law, you can this; most jurors are ignorant of the law. "A section of the central bureaucracy zation in Czechoslovakia had raised his be granted bail now since you've only If he had known, I don't believe he would supports self-management limited to the hopes, because "both France and Czecho­ been convicted of manslaughter. Do you have compromised. But now that it has individual factory level, because such 'self­ slovakia are relatively advanced countries, believe you 'II be out on bail in a few days? happened, I am asking the black commu­ management' doesn't threaten the bureau­ while Yugoslavia remains backward, and A. Just speculating, this is true in an nity not to feel badly towards him, because cratic privileges of the central bureaucracy. they could provide the material founda­ ordinary case, but as far as political prison­ as the saying goes, "Forgive them because tions for a genuine socialist humanism. 'What we are for is self-management of ers are concerned, they make it as difficult they know not what they do." I think "The process which had begun in Czecho­ the whole eonomy, a centrally planned, as possible for you to be released on bail. that Harper falls under this category, and slovakia had made it the foremost socialist I don't believe that I will be released on socialist society with the whole working I'm asking the community to forgive him. country and showed the way to fue future. bail even though we're going to fight for class participating in planning the economy Q. If, on appeal, the higher court finds But I am afraid the Soviet aggression has this right which we have. through a 'parliament of workers' repre­ that there has been a reversible error in halted this process, although resistance sen ta ti ves. ' Q. If you do get released on bail, what this trial, and orders a new trial, what do can and must continue." "The state apparatus would be subordi­ will be the projects that you will work on, you think will be the outcome? "They are now attacking those who are nated to this workers' parliament, and this what will you do? A. In the first place, we feel that we might most radical, most left, in Czechoslovakia," A. I will go on and organize the com­ is how the state would begin to wither not have to appeal, that the judge is the Svetlana. said. munity as I was doing before I was arrested, away. thirteenth juror and that he has the power Milan expects increased Soviet pressure and there will be very little change in my "Scientists, economists and technicians to correct the injustice at this level, at the on Yugoslavia, especially economic pres­ operation. would be employed by the workers' par­ level of the Superior Court. He could set sure. "This can make it more difficult for Q. Some of the jurors have reported fuat liament so their knowledge could be used aside the verdict or order a new trial. the students. A member of the Serbian they did not notice the change in the trans­ in planning the economy. Scientists and If he does not do this, we have no way of Communist Party's central committee told cript, when the bus driver Grier reportedly other intellectuals would be similarly inte­ knowing what he's going to do, Ws strictly us that in the new situation the govern­ said that he did see your face and then grated in all other aspects of social life." in his discretion; if he does not do this ment could not permit the same kind of dem­ later the tape indicated that he said he The student demand reflecting this we plan to appeal. general idea was for "Self-management onstrations as occurred last June." didn't see your face. Do you fuink that from the bottom to the top" of society. The students, like Yugoslavs in general, this had any effect on the decision? Of course, the students acting alone were are firmly behind their government's stand A. Yes, my first reaction to the verdict not able to win these demands through in opposition to the Russian invasion of was that it was a racist sellout, and that Malcolm X this university occupation. But after seven Czechoslovakia. the jury did not have the guts to decide days of the occupation, the government "If the situation becomes very hard for the case on its evidentiary merits. After The Man made general promises for action to eli­ Yugoslavia," Milan said, "if fue Russians I got this information fuat the jury did minate some of the conditions the students invaded us, we would put aside our inter­ not receive all of the evidence, they did and His Ideas were protesting, and a number of reforms nal differences and unite to resist." not view all the evidence, this mitigated have been initiated as a result of the stu­ But he does not think such an invasion my feelings toward them. I still believe by dent action. For example, the minimum is likely. "For the USSR to attack Yugo­ that it was a compromise verdict. I believe George Breitman wage was raised from 25,000 dinars to slavia would be very difficult," he said. that some people on the jury wanted to be 35,000 a month. As a result, the occupa­ "We have a fighting tradition, not only fair and just and acquit me. I believe that 25 cents tion was ended. in the partisan struggle against the Fas­ others on the jury held a racist attitude erit . "It was a compromise, arranged by cists in World War II, but in our whole and wanted a conviction of first degree "' ...... , rubhshers student negotiators acting under pressure," history. We are good fighters and we murder. I think that the foreman, Brother New Yor\, N Y I 0003 Svetlana said. "But we are not satisfied, are ready to fight." Harper, who is a black man, engineered Page 8 THE MILITANT Friday, September 27, 1968 New step toward scrapping antiwar coalition

By Harry Ring It was this opportunist adaptation to a The moves to dismantle the coalition capitalist politician that stood in the way which has built the antiwar movement of broadening the fight for the right to are continuing. This process was parti­ the streets after the Humphrey-Daley forces cularly evident at a Sept. 14 Washington, launched their violent attacks on the con­ D. C., meeting of the administrative com­ stitutional right of public assembly. At no mittee of the National Mobilization Com­ point did Dellinger and his associates put mittee to End the War in Vietnam. Plans McCarthy on the spot by calling on him for future activity and proposals for re­ to speak out against the attacks on the structuring the Mobilization made there demonstrators, to say nothing of demand­ can only be regarded as further narrow­ ing that he participate in a massive march ing the base of the committee and limit­ asserting the rights of the people to the ing its capacity for broad, mass action streets. against the war. At the Sept. 14 Washington meeting of Although the Mobilization received wide the administrative committee Dellinger and publicity as a result of the brutal attack his associates spoke of the need of re­ on Chicago demonstrators by the Hum­ building the coalition, which they con­ phrey-Daley machine, its base is now nar­ ceded had been sharply reduced. But their rower than it has been at any time since actions belied their words. its inception some two years ago. There were only about 50 to 60 people This has not been the result of any present, including a number who were decline in antiwar sentiment in the coun­ not members of the administrative com­ try or a lack of will and desire among mittee and who did not appear to represent antiwar activists to participate in actions any particular organization. against the war. Rather it has been the None of the veterans groups was there. product of a bureaucratic stifling of the Neither were such groupings as SANE, coalition by a sector of it whose politics the Committee of the Professions, the are marked by a combination of ultra­ various professors' committees, the leftism and opportunism. Quakers and various other constituencies The first action of the Mobilization was that have participated in the Mobilization the organization of the April 15, 1967, in the past. There were no current leaders national demonstrations in New York and of SDS present. San Francisco, which turned out a half­ A number of proposals for action were Photo by Shannon million people. Those demonstrations grew made by Dellinger, Davis and Hayden. ON MOBILIZATION PLATFORM. Eugene McCarthy speaking from National out of two conferences held in Cleveland There was general agreement on a pro­ Mobilization platfonn in Chicago. To observe proprieties, Mobilization rally was and attended by some 300 people from posal that the Mobilization urge local formally adjourned and facilities turned over to him. Principal Mobilization a broad spectrum of organizations. Then groups to organize demonstrations against spokesmen avoided any criticism of Senator who remained silent during attacks an even broader conference of 700 in Humphrey, Nixon and Wallace when they on demonstrators. He received standing ovation at rally. Washington organized the massive Oct. appear in their cities. 21 confrontation at the Pentagon. Tbey further proposed a week of activity Parade Committee meetings, Dellinger des­ there be an administrative committee com­ Take-over culminating on election day and including cribed the projected "National GI Week" posed of one representative from each na­ The success of these two coalition ac­ activities directed toward Gis. There was as intended to "support the right of. G Is tional organization, plus prominent indi­ tions, one might assume, wouldhavegiven extensive disagreement at the meeting as to come home." He was asked if this was viduals, with space left open for new con­ the Mobilization further impetus in the to the best dates for such activities, and intended to counterpose efforts to persuade stituencies. The steering committee was con­ same direction. But such a course was by a vote of about 20 in favor and the Gis to leave the armed forces individually ceived as a subcommittee of that body, re­ resisted by pacifist leader Dave Dellinger rest abstaining, it was agreed to refer the to a massive political campaign outside sponsible to it. and some of his associates. Taking the question to what is in fact a defunct steering and inside the Army to get the U.S. forces The proposal by Dellinger, Davis and Mobilization's apparatus into their own committee. (Prior to the Pentagon action out of Vietnam. In reply, he said it would Hayden was to establish a new steering hands, they have proceeded since Oct. 21 a steering committee had been established be a campaign to bring the troops home, committee "reflecting the present stage of to make unilateral decisions that would which included officers of the Mobilization but that supporting the right of individual the movement" and that this be a selec­ change its character and purpose. and chairmen of committees organizing Gis to come home would be a "focus" tion of individuals representing not orga­ What they wanted to do was to convert that action. The steering committee has of the drive. The issue was left in this nizations and constituencies, but various the Mobilization into a vaguely defined, never been reorganized, even though a ambiguous state, even though the move­ regions of the country. new "movement" which would, they hoped, number of officers are no longer active ment would be sharply limited if the Scrap coalition win the allegiance of unaffiliated radical in the Mobilization, and the Pentagon or­ emphasis were on trying to promote in­ Such a proposal would in practice con­ youth on the basis of organizing smaller, ganizing committees, of course, don't exist.) dividual acts by Gis. vert the Mobilization from a coalition of resistance-type "confront!ltions" with the au­ Officers' decision? An apparently key proposal by Dellinger organizations into an organization itself, thorities. Despite the complete absence of agree­ and his associates was for demonstrations since it would not provide for a policy­ Along with Rennie Davis and Tom Hay­ ment on a date for the proposed week of on election day at the polling booths used making voice by the associated organiza­ den, former SDS leaders, Dellinger com­ activity, Dellinger reported to a subsequent by Humphrey, Nixon and Wallace. This tions. Further, it is not unrealistic to assume mitted the Mobilization to such a course meeting of the administrative committee was presented by Rennie Davis as having that the selected "regional representatives" in Chicago. The opportunist aspect of the of the New York Vietnam Peace Parade the quality of "confrontation"with the police would be people sympathetic to the aims "confrontation" was the attempt to capture Committee that the week of Nov. 1-5 had such as occurred in Chicago. He depicted of those who have taken control of the Mo­ the allegiance of the pro-McCarthy youth been decided on. Queried on this, he said a "scenario" of the candidates trying to bilization apparatus. by avoiding anything even suggesting a ''the officers" had made the decision. make their way to the polls through crowds There were serious questions about this political attack on him. At both the National Mobilization and of police and "screaming demonstrators." proposal. Dellinger then proposed a study A major political flaw in this proposal, committee on the question and succeeded it was pointed out, is that Humphrey votes in naming one composed largely of pro­ in the town of Waverly, Minn., and Wallace ponents of the measure. votes in Montgomery, Ala. The only con­ Meanwhile an undefined group of "offi­ didate against whom a significant number cers" are making decisions in the name of of demonstrators could be mobilized would the Mobilization. N.Y. Mlf hears Gisela Mandel be Nixon, who votes in New York. The principal lesson they seem to have This means that the "confrontation," for learned from Chicago is not that broader all practical purposes, would be with forces than ever are needed to beat back NEW YORK-Gisela Mandel, who as a Nixon, not with the three capitalist candi­ the attacks on the movement, but that such student was active in the formation of the dates, and would be the kind of action that savage attacks on demonstrators are in German Socialist Student Federation could well be approved by pro-Humphrey fact the key to building the movement. They (SDS), began a two-month speaking tour forces. This could be part of the calcula­ seem to look forward to more of the same. in the U. S. and Canada with a talk on the tions of Dellinger and company. After all, Meanwhile, the Student Mobilization European student movement at the New their whole concept of the Chicago action Committee and other forces are moving York Militant Labor Forum Sept. 13. was based on the assumption that it would ahead with plans for significant, united The tour is being sponsored by theYoung have the support of pro-McCarthy forces. mass actions against the warmakers. Socialist Alliance in the U.S., and in Ca­ At the same time their sectarian manner nada by the Young Socialist-Ligue des of presenting this confrontation as a "dis­ Jeunes Socialistes. ruption" of the polls can serve only to nar­ Analyzing the student radicalization in row participation by other forces. both Eastern and Western Europe, Gisela Intercontinental Favors "filtering out" Mandel pointed to the common character­ istics of the student struggles in all the This is apparently of no particular con­ various countries-the fightfordemocracy cern to them. At an "informal gathering" Press against authoritarian regimes, the struggle organized by Dellinger in New York in for equality, the struggle against alienation, preparation for the Washington adminis­ Intercontinental Press, published and a growing internationalist outlook. In trative committee meeting, Steve Hallowell, weekly, specializes in political analysis addition she explained how the long-run a Columbia University SDSer, expressed and interpretation of world events of goals of the movement in Eastern Europe the view that the Mobilization must now particular interest to the labor, social­ differ from those in the West, the former seek further "confrontations" like Chicago ist, colonial independence, and black being a political struggle for workers' and that in reorganizing the mobilization liberation movements. democracy and the latter "moving toward it is necessary to "filter out" of the coalition Subscriptions are $7.50 for 26 issues. an anticapitalist revolution." those "political" organizations not ready for Mail your subscription to: Gisela Mandel has participated in the "action" as he defines it. Intercontinental Press, P. 0. Box 635, Photo by Shannon Madison Square Station, New Vorlc, many demonstrations and conferences that Gisela Mandel While Dellinger and those associated with have marked the rise of student radicalism him did not voice approval of this blatant­ N.Y. 10010. in Europe, and she has come to know drew on these experiences as she answered ly exclusionary proposal, they came into many of the leaders of other radical Euro­ questions on such varied topics as the the administrative-committee meeting with Name •... pean youth organizations. She was an nature of the German SDS, the relationship a proposal to restructure the Mobilization eyewitness to the famous battle of the barri­ between the workers' and students' struggles in a manner that basically carries out Address . cades between the Sorbonne students and in Italy, the perspective for a "youth inter­ Hallowell's "filtering out" concept. police in Paris the night of May 10-11. national," and the nature of the Spanish The structure of the Mobilization estab­ City . . . • . . . State . . • . . Zip In the question period Gisela Mandel student movement. lished at two national conferences was that Friday, September 27, 1968 THE MiliTANT Page 9

SOCIALIST CAMPAIGNING. Getting signatures to put SWP on Pennsylvania ballot in Philadelphia last Feb. (above). Paul Boutelle at literature table in Queens College, New York (right). SWP launches fall campaign tours

By Caroline Lund men on every school where there are Hal­ Minnesota, an area with a large Scandi­ dent Political Action in 1968: A Balance The Socialist Workers Party campaign stead-Boutelle supporters. navian population. He speaks fluent Nor­ Sheet." supporters have launched a fall offensive Seth Wigderson, campaign coordinator, wegian. The Newsletter will discuss all the can­ designed to confront and expose the capi­ wrote in a letter to all upper-Midwest en­ The new brochure put out by his cam­ didates in the field from the point of view talist "law and order" candidates- Hum­ dorsers of Halstead and Boutelle: 'We have paign committee contains a statement by of the interests of black people. It will phrey, Nixon, and Wallace-and to win already sent letters to student-body presi­ Thorstad on the plight of the American evaluate the Humphrey, Wallace, Nixon, thousands of new supporters for the social­ dents of over 100 schools in this region, Indians in the upper Midwest. ist candidates- Fred Halstead for Presi­ including yours, asking them to arrange Peace and Freedom, Black Panther, and The Minnesota campaign committee pub­ dent and Paul Boutelle for Vice President. speaking engagements for campaign rep­ SWP campaigns from the angle of the lishes a regional newsletter for all those in Paul Boutelle has already begun a na­ resentatives. That's just a start, though, prospects for building an independent black the area interested in helping the SWP cam­ political party. tional speaking tour which will take him and we need your help to follow through. paign. from Seattle to Florida. Fred Halstead will If it would help you in setting up a meet­ All this intense activity will not cease begin a speaking tour Sept. 27, one week ing, perhaps you could talk to the student­ If you would like to receive regional after the November elections. The Young after he returns from a worldwide tour body president or whoever it is at your campaign newsletters published in your Socialist Alliance and Young Socialists where he spoke to American G Is in Viet­ school who makes speaking engagements area, just write to the national campaign for Halstead and Boutelle are holding a nam, and European, Asian, and Arab and convince him or her of the necessity committee, 873 Broadway, New York, broad national conference over the Thanks­ revolutionaries. of hearing all points of view in this election N.Y. giving weekend. The purpose of this con­ In addition to addressing campus meet­ period." Afro-Americans for Halstead and ference will be to draw together the new, ings, Halstead and Boutelle will be speak­ David Thorstad, SWP candidate for U.S. Boutelle will also be expanding their ac­ larger vanguard of socialist youth in this ing at conferences of young socialists in Senator from Minnesota, will especially em­ tivities during the fall period. The October country who agree with the necessity for a all major cities. These conferences will dis­ phasize speaking at high schools in Min­ issue of the Afro-Americans for Halstead complete break with capitalist politics and cuss the perspectives of Young Socialists neapolis and St. Paul during his campaign. and Boutelle Newsletter will be coming to plan the continued building ofthe social­ for Halstead and Boutelle, chart out the Thorstad grew up in Thief River Falls, out soon. It will deal with "Black Indepen- ist youth movement in this country. last stretch of fall campaign activities, and discuss the perspectives for socialist activity after the elections. These gatherings will contribute to the building of a new, larger socialist youth movement which will emerge out of the 1968 election campaign period. This movement is made up of youth who Chicago transit workers strike see the need for revolutionary change and cannot stomach any of the capitalist or reformist candidates. CHICAGO, Sept. 16- The Concerned the blacks. Thirdly, there are the retired coffee and donuts and tidying up around The conference being planned for the Transit Workers (CTW), the black caucus members. Under present union policy, re­ the hall. Instead, the women have partici­ October 4-5 weekend in the San Francisco within the United Transit Workers union tired workers vote on all issues involving pated on the picket lines, manned the Bay Area will feature Ernest Mandel, the here, called its adherents back to work the union and are more able to attend union phones at the CTW's headquarters, and prominent Belgian Marxist economist; a today ending the second round of con­ meetings than the drivers themselves, since addressed the mass meetings as partners workshop on Gis and the antiwar move­ tinuing disputes between black workers, many drivers work second shift. in the union struggles. ment led by Fred Halstead and antiwar the Transit Authority and the union leader­ The white drivers and retired workers The CTW leadership made great efforts Gis from the Bay Area; a workshop on ship. The first round began during the have blocked against the black workers, to enlist support from white drivers within the black power movement led by Paul Fourth of July weekend, when the CTW maintaining complete control of the union the union. At first, a scattering of white Boutelle; and a campaign rally followed went out on strike against the company, leadership. All union officers are white, drivers attended the mass meetings in active by a party with rock band and light show. city, and their own union leadership. The and only four blacks are on the 26-member support of the strike and appeared on the On Sunday the conference will conclude July strike was mediated by Mayor Daley, executive committee. picket lines. However, as the strike pro­ with a discussion of the European student but in the weeks following, James Hill, The recent 20-day strike initially shut gressed even those token numbers movement by Gisela Mandel and a talk on chairman of United Transit Workers Local down 78 percent of all Chicago buses and diminished. the socialist movement in this country by 241, made it clear that the union leader­ cost the city over $2.5 million in fares Peter Camejo. ship would not accept agreements arrived alone. The first strike, held during the Fourth While Halstead and Boutelle are touring, at through arbitration. Each evening the CTW held mass of July weekend, gained considerable sup­ dozens of young socialist field organizers meetings in South Side churches which port from organized sections of the black and SWP candidates for local offices will The second strike began on the eve of community. Elevated trains came to a the Democratic Party convention. Once regularly attracted between 500 and 1,000 be visiting hundreds more campuses, high stop as black "el" drivers walked off spon­ again the Concerned Transit Workers workers and their wives. At these meetings schools, and Army bases with socialist reports were made concerning the strike's taneously in solidarity with the CTW. How­ ideas. demanded better hours and conditions for ever, in the most recent strike the "els" all drivers, internal union democracy, and progress. The leadership encouraged the For instance, young socialists in the In­ men and their wives to go from the meeting remained running. This had more than diana-Illinois-Missouri region will be run­ greater representation of black workers in a psychological effect on the strike; it policy-making positions within the union. to various bus barns throughout the city ning two simultaneous campaign tours in to resume the picketing. meant that transportation to and from addition to Halstead's and Boutelle's stops This strike lasted 20 days, and as the the suburbs remained relatively un­ drivers return to work the most important These mass meetings were indispensable there. impaired. questions in dispute still remain unresolved. to the organization of the strike. They Dan Styron, 27-year-old Socialist Work­ provided a place where strikers could meet The strike slowly lost ground and ers candidate for U.S. Senator from Illi­ At the present time, the international every day to learn of the most recent became more isolated as the days passed. nois, will be speaking in 13 cities in Illinois. union is moving to expel the CTW leader­ developments. They served as a great At the time the CTW agreed to return, Ralph Levitt, Indiana .candidate for U. S. ship on charges of dual unionism. The morale booster during difficult times, and 90 percent of the city buses were running. Senator, will be touring 10 cities in Indiana. courts are threatening to try the leader­ by featuring guest speakers from the black The length of the strike hit the CTW Ralph Levitt is a well known figure in ship for contempt of court, and the Chicago community, they lessened feelings of iso­ Indiana politics because he was one of Transit Authority has fired 18 of the CTW's members hard. They received no wages lation. In addition, they were a source of during the period, and many were forced three student members of the Young Social­ executive-committee members along with money necessary to pay the operating to return to work before the CTW leader­ ist Alliance at Indiana U. in Bloomington 24 others, while suspending 143 additional expenses for the CTW. Most important, ship had called off the action. who were indicted in 1963 under a local drivers for their role in the walk-out. these meetings were a place for rank-and­ subversion act passed during the McCarthy Chicago's United Transit Workers Local file workers to raise their ideas and share In any case, the union contract for all period. The case was won after a national 241 is made up of three distinct groups. experiences during the strike. drivers is to be negotiated by Nov. 30. defense effort, and Levitt continues to build First, a majority of the drivers are black, The CTW was extremely successful in The CTW, as well as the Chicago Transit the socialist movement in Indiana. and are organized in the CTW. Second, involving the drivers wives in the day-to­ Authority, is looking ahead to these nego­ The upper-Midwest campaign committee from 30 to 40 percent of the drivers are day activity of the strike. The women's tiations as another confrontation seems aims to set up meetings for SWP spokes- white workers, who tend to be older than auxiliary did not limit its role to serving likely. Page 10 THE MILITANT Friday, September 27, 1968 What did Ernest Mandel say?

By Dick Roberts action taken during the recent Democratic Three widely divergent views of the 1968 National Convention would rise to 99.9 Socialist Scholars Conference, held in Rut­ percent in favor of Mayor Daley .... gers University Sept. 6-8, have appeared "Mandel said the main strategy for over­ in recent publications: the Sept. 10 Daily throwing neo-capitalism in advanced in­ World; the Sept. 14 Guardian; and- be­ dustrial nations today, including the U.S., lieve it or not- in a lengthy front-page is 'to put forth through mass strikes and article in the Sept. 16 issue of the Wall mass movements, concrete demands and Street weekly, Barron's. goals which are unacceptable to the capi­ There is one point of agreement: the cen­ talist system and cannot be granted within tral significance at the scholars conference the capitalist system.' of two speeches by Ernest Mandel, editor of "... Applauding loudly, the Socialist the Belgian socialist weekly La Gauche. Scholars rose to pay homage to the speak­ In a dinner speech Sept. 6, Mandel gave er. Certainly, if they and their associates an inspiring account of the May revolt have their way, American society will be in France, and the following morning he so changed that private enterprise cannot presented a paper on the role of the work­ exist." ing class in advanced capitalist nations, After presenting a review of the main drawing the lessons of the French events. points of Mandel's paper on neocapitalism, Completely in keeping with the enthu­ Guardian writer Davidson ends on a some­ siastic response to Mandel's talks and the what sour note: "The nonsectarian style discussions which followed them, Guardian and content of [Mandel's] presentation and staff correspondent Carl Davidson de­ intellectual work contrasted sharply with clares: "The 1968 SSC might have been a the experience most radicals in this country total flop were it not for the presence of have had with American Trotskyists." the Belgian Marxist economist Ernest But Davidson fails to cite a single major Mandel. theoretical or political point of disagree­ "An atmosphere of boredom and frus­ ment between the Belgian visitor and his tration characterized the meeting until Trotskyist cothinkers in this country. Mandel injected life into the proceedings Maybe distance lends enchantment to the Sept. 6 with a dramatic presentation and view. analysis of the May-.June upheaval in The full text of Ernest Mandel's contro­ France. versial 'Workers Under Neo-Capitalism," "Mandel, who virtually alone managed presented at the Socialist Scholars Con­ Photo by Shannon to integrate activism with scholarship, was ference Sept. 7, will be published in the influential throughout the remainder of ERNEST MANDEL delivers paper at Socialist Scholars Conference. November-December issue of the Interna­ the conference, particularly in discussions tional Socialist Review. dealing with the question of the revolu­ Advance orders for copies, 50 cents tionary potential of the working class in each, may be placed with the ISR, 873 highly advanced capitalist, or neocapitalist Broadway, N.Y., N.Y. 10003. A full year nations." subscription (six copies) costs $2.50. The Great So.ciety Richard Greenleaf, writing for the Amer­ ican Communist Party newspaper Daily SELECTIVE SURVEY- We read with most widely translated in the world. In World, was not so impressed. Dismissing interest the announcement by the American 1966 there were 201 translations of his Mandel's talk on the French revolt as Black bookstore .Jewish Committee that they had made a work. The Bible slipped to second place "ultraleft," Greenleaf bemoaned the fact survey in "the heart of Harlem" which with 197 translations. that "the overall burden of the papers del­ showed that 60 percent of the stores are ivered ... was still, as it was last year, owned by black people. We rubbed our heavily weighted against the views of So­ in Indianapolis CANINE CARE-A new line of gourmet viet theoreticians and spokesmen for the eyes in astonishment, however, on read­ dog food has been introduced, featuring ing that the survey was made in two ten­ Communist parties in the U.S. and else­ such items as beef bourgionne (with wine). where." block areas- one from 11 Oth to 12 Oth Meanwhile another dog-food company is a big success streets, the other from 126th to 136th Greenleaf recalled that at the last SSC, supplying the Army with a special "stress the program included "an economist and streets. Omitted, curiously, was 125th St., diet" for dogs on duty in Vietnam, where INDIANAPOLIS, Ind. - The Afro- Harlem's principal thoroughfare and lo­ a sociologist from the Soviet Union." If they get nervous and lose weight on the he had remembered what these two Soviet American Bookstore here, which only cation of most of the gouging credit furni­ usual GI and local fare. There is no word opened this summer, has become a gather­ ture, appliance, jewelry and clothing stores. academicians said last year, he might on what the Gis are getting. not be so surprised or concerned by their ing place for black militants and a leading source of radical literature and newspapers. IT MAKES SENSE- The UPI reported absence this year. AS SAH L SEES IT- Commenting on The bookstore, located at 2264 N. Me­ Sept. 3: "People in mental asylums vote The two gentlemen had praised at length liberal fears of a Republican victory, Mort ridian, one of the city's main streets, is virtually the same way as everybody the "democratic" and "parliamentary"paths Sahl said, "It's like I got cancer and some­ adjacent to the large black ghetto. Its es­ else. . . The only differences seem to be of the French Communist Party- precisely body tells me I might catch bronchitis." tablishment reflects the growing spirit and that a higher percentage troubles to vote the reasons for its disastrous role in the May 1968 upheaval. Mandel, indeed, had consciousness of black people here. and a smaller percentage invalidates his The Afro-American stocks a variety of SECOND COMING NEARS - The no mercy for the counterrevolutionary role ballot by some mistake. These were the books and pamphlets, ranging from ''Mal­ American Newspaper Publishing Associa­ of French Stalinism. . conclusions of two studies of inmates of colm X on Afro-American History" and tion is turning out a special paper to If Greenleaf was disappointed at the Rut­ Bronx State Hospital, New York. ..." "Two Speeches by Malcolm X" to more de­ promote a new color reproduction tech­ gers meeting, longtime professional anti­ Communist Alice Widener was virtually tailed historical works on Afro-America. WAYNE BOMBS WITH BERETS­ nique. Page one features a full-page color reproduction of Michaelangelo's Sistine flabbergasted. "Had the public heard what Posters of well-known black figures and Even the Green Berets broke up watching Mandel said," she contended in Barron's, basic pamphlets on socialism and Cuba .John Wayne's hoked-up version of "The Chapel painting of God the Father. Under "statistics in an opinion poll of approval are on sale. Among the periodicals are Green Berets." Georgie Anne Geyer of the His outstretched hand is the message "Come or disapproval for security and riot control Muhamm.ad Speaks and The Militant. Chicago Daily News reported from South alive with color." Vietnam that "about 50 Green Berets roared and guffawed their way" through a showing THOUGHT FOR THE WEEK­ of the film. The kindest comment was, "CASTEL GONDOLFO, Italy, Sept. 15 "It was meant to be a joke." (Reuters)- Pope Paul VI said today that selfishness had exaggerated for many OPIATE OUTPACED-Accordingtothe couples the burden of having a large 19th edition of UNESCO's Index Trans- family." lationum, the writings of Lenin are the -Harry Ring ------clip and mail ------Special to New Readers

If you would like to get better acquainted with THE MILITANT, you ma~ obtain a special, introductory four-month subscription for $]. (If you re already sold on the paper, you can help out by sending a reg­ ular one-year subscription for $4.)

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NAME A reprint of a cartoon magazine put out by French students (Action Committee No. 1) on the revolutionary developments there. STREET

CITY .. . STATE ...... ZIP Order from: Granma Bookstore Merit Publishers 2519A Telegraph or 873 Broadway Berkeley, Calif. New York, N.Y. 10003 Send to: The Militant, 873 Broadway, New York, N. V. 10003 Friday, September 27, 1968 THE MILITANT Page 11 CUBA TODAY {Ill): The Escalante case

By Harry Ring This is the third offour articles on Cuba today. Militant staff writer Harry Ring spent three months in Cuba at the begin­ ning of this year.

The need for the highest degree of poli­ tical consciousness and maximum parti­ cipation in decision making by the Cuban people is, I believe, particularly acute be­ cause of the difficult and complex prob­ lems besetting the revolution. Cuba is caught in a very tight bind as a result of its determination to resist the U. S. efforts to destroy it and, at the same time, to maintain political independence from Moscow, despite its heavy reliance on Soviet trade. Cuba has become deeply convinced that the sole hope for the long-range survival of the revolution is itsextension into Latin America. Yet it is compelled to cope with enormous pressure exerted from Moscow to abandon that revolutionary perspective. The Kremlin is trying to pressure Cuba to fall into line with its treacherous policy of seeking a "peaceful coexistence" accomo­ dation with U.S. imperialism at the ex­ pense of the world revolutionary process in general, and the Latin American revo­ lution in particular. To force Cuba onto that class-collabora­ tionist path, the Kremlin is not only using economic pressure. It is also actively inter­ fering in Cuba's internal political life and has apparently even explored the possi­ Photo by Harry Ring bility of the development of some kind of MASS RALLY. More than a half-million Cubans gathered in Havana's Plaza of the Revolution last Jan. 2 to celebrate a puppet formation within Cuba. the ninth anniversary of the revolution's advent to power. This is the essential meaning of the con­ victions in Cuba last January of Anibal They were opposed to a whole range of mittee of the Cuban party in a special foreign functionaries, such as Rodolfo, the Escalante and 36 others. They were Cuban domestic policies, principally that report by Raul Castro. Evidence substan­ Soviet citizen i Rodolf P. Shliapnikov, form­ charged with approaching Soviet, Czech of relying primarily on moral incentives tiating the charges were also made avail­ er second secretary in the Soviet embassy and East German representatives with the rather than material ones to achieve greater able to the members of the central commit­ in Cuba- H. R.], are completely intolerable aim of having those governments exert productivity. tee. These included documents, photos and in our country. In my opinion such things economic and political pressure on the They were distressed by Cuba's support tape recordings, including transcripts of must be discussed and an end put to them." Cuban regime to force a reversal of its of the revolutionary struggle in Latin Amer­ some of the meetings with the Soviet-bloc Fidel made a special, very lengthy con­ political line. ica and its exposure of the reformist poli­ representatives involved. tribution to the discussion of Raul's report, The trial was a subject of intense inte­ cies of the pro-Moscow leaders of the One example of the effect of this activity but its contents were not divulged. Later, rest among the Cuban people. Escalante various Latin American CPs. (At the 1967 was reported to the central committee of in a March 13 speech, Fidel referred to this is one of the most thoroughly discredited Havana conference of the Organization of the Cuban party by Carlos Rafael Rodri­ and said that problems of diplomatic re­ figures in revolutionary Cuba. In 1960 Latin American Solidarity, Fidel blasted guez, a long-time leader of the old Popu­ lations (obviously with the USSR) made it was decided to merge the July 26 Move­ the treacherous line ofthe right-wing leader­ lar Socialist Party and today an important it necessary to withhold the text of his ment, the Popular Socialist (Communist) ship of the Communist Party of Venezuela. member of the government. remarks. However, he added, he hoped Party and the Revolutionary Directorate. A public reply was made by a Venezuelan Czech campaign the speech would be published in the not This united movement is now constituted CP leader. It was a prime example of Stali­ Discussing Raul's report to the central too distant future. as the Communist Party of Cuba. The ini­ nist arrogance, demagogy and crooked­ committee, Rodriguez said in part: On the basis of Raul's report and the tial form of the merger was created under ness. The Venezuelan CP document was "... There are two suggestions that I evidence submitted, the central committee the name, Integrated Revolutionary Orga­ reproduced and circulated by Cuban will make as a member of the central voted to remand the group to a revolu­ nization. (Its initials are ORI in Spanish.) counterrevolutionaries in Miami- and by committee. The first is that the problem tionary tribunal where they were tried and Escalante was the organization secretary the Esc:tlante group in Havana.) of relations with foreign functionaries, func­ convicted. Escalante was sentenced to 15 of the OR I. Personally aggrieved tionaries of other socialist countries, be years. Thirty-six members of the group were given sentences ranging from 12 Bureaucratic machine An additional stimulus to the Escalante taken up in open discussion with those group's activity was a deep resentment parties. years in prison to two years house A long-time Stalinist hack in the old at its own lack of a central role in Cuban "I believe that it is impossible to neglect detention. Cuban CP, Escalante proceeded at full political life, something they pointed to as this situation any longer, one in which a The central committee also acted again~' steam to build a thoroughly bureaucrat­ proof of discrimination against "old Com­ whole series of functionaries and members two members who had collaborated with, ized machine within the party, manned munists." of socialist organizations, socialist coun­ but apparently were not part of, the Es­ by individuals whose sole qualification Seeking to alter these trends, Escalante tries, work against the Cuban Revolution calante group. One, Jose Matar, was re­ for office was their unquestioning loyalty and members of his group began meeting here and in their own countries. moved from the central committee; the to him. He demanded the same blind with various individuals from Soviet-bloc 'When I returned from Europe I sub­ other, Ramon Calcines, was removed from support for his policies that he had, over countries to fill them in on what they pre­ mitted a report on certain things I had the committee and expelled from the party. the years, given the Kremlin's. sented as Cuba's catastrophic "anti-Soviet" learned in Czechoslovakia to certain com­ Among the Cuban people, insofar as I His appointees were distinguished by lack policies. rades. [This was during the time of the could determine, the most general response of qualification for the various offices they Among those involved in these meetings Novotny regime- H. R.] was that of approval of the prosecutions were entrenched in and by arrogance and were members of an East German com­ "In Czechoslovakia there was a veritable and convictions. Some individuals I spoke contempt for all those compelled to deal mercial mission; a Soviet journalist who campaign within the party circles on this with did express concern that both Raul's with them. agreed to transmit a report from the Es­ issue of the microfaction. This campaign and the prosecutor's presentations included To secure their privileged positions, Es­ calante group to the central committee of had been directed by none other than a charges of the promotion of ideas as well calante and his henchmen drove hundreds the Soviet CP; two Soviet advisers to the person who has responsibilities in relation as having relations of a criminal nature of genuine revolutionaries out of office. Cuban security police; a Czech official to Cuba on the central committee of the with the Soviet-bloc representatives. This Things reached a near-outbreak when, responsible for relations with Cuba; and party, although he himself is not a member issue of the promotion of ideas is so im­ on March 26, 1961, Fidel delivered his the then second secretary of the Soviet of the central committee .... portant that it deserves further discussion. historic address to the nation, savagely embassy in Havana. "I believe that these problems must be denouncing Escalante's bureaucratism and The purpose of these meetings, a mem­ discussed openly, as the attitude of certain (Third of a series) sectarianism. Escalante departed for ber of the Escalante group explained after Czechoslovakia and his Stalinist cohorts his arrest, was to bring about Soviet-bloc became the targets of a nationwide public economic and political pressures that would' housecleaning. force a change in Cuban policy. A few years ago Escalante was permitted In a statement written Nov. 27, 1967, 3 KEY SPEECHES BY FIDEL CASTRO to return to Cuba and was put in charge a principal figure in the Escalante group, of a farm devoted to experimental poultry Dr. Emilio de Quesada, declared: breeding. He immediately assembled a "The opinions were expressed that the The Revolution Must Be a School of Unfettered Thought .20 cents group of frustrated has-been and would-be objective factors were decisive, especially ( 1962 speech against Escalante) bureaucrats around him and through meth­ the external factors. By this we meant ods of back-door intrigue and gossip began economic realities that tended to lead the to press again his pro-Moscow reformist Revolution along the road we considered Fidel Castro denounces Bureaucracy and Sectarianism .50 cents line, repeating his long-held view that the best. Bluntly speaking, we even wished Fidel's refusal to knuckle under to Moscow for a certain degree of political pressure (1962 attack on falsification of history) was an expression of a "petty-bourgeois and that economic factors come into play tendency." that would help us in this sense. The group Escalante assembled around "This may sound monstrous, but it is Those Who Are Not Revolutionary Fighters Cannot Be Called him (dubbed a "microfaction" by Fidel) understandable from the point of view were mainly minor officeholders in that we believed that the path of coinci­ Communists .50 cents various government enterprises. With few dence [with Moscow] would, in the long (1967 polemic against leaders of Venezuelan Communist Party) exceptions, they were old-time Stalinists run, save our revolution; that a little pain strongly opposed to the revolutionary line was preferable to a course that would lead NY State residents please add 2% tax; New York City 5% of the Fidelistas and particularly aggra­ to serious dangers." vated by the persistent Cuban efforts at These and other statements by the de­ MERIT PUBLISHERS 873 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10003 political independence from Moscow. fendants were submitted to the central com- Page 12 THE MILITANT Friday, September 27, 1968 Chicago march to hit war, cops By Gus Horowitz last month has dominated the Chicago A mass demonstration against the war news media ever since. Up to 1,000 dem­ in Vietnam and in protest against the onstrators and bystanders were injured brutal police suppression of dissent during and 700 arrested during the week of pro­ the Democratic Party convention has been test. But the news media have played up planned here for Sept. 28, one month the relatively few and minor "injuries" to after the "Battle of Chicago." The dem­ the police, as well as the scare stories onstrators will march down Michigan Ave­ about black-widow-spider-bombs, or dem­ nue and rally at Grant Park in front of onstrators charging police lines. In addi­ the Conrad Hilton Hotel, scene of the tion the Chicago Tribune, an influential, violent police attack that millions watched arch-conservative newspaper (Chicago's on TV, Aug. 28. largest), has been spearheading a cam­ An ad hoc committee, "Citizens for a paign to have the leaders of the demonstra­ Free Chicago," is co-sponsoring the dem­ tions last month indicted on felony charges. onstration together with the Chicago Peace Many of the news media that were critical Council. of Daley at the time, have toned down Black Panther photo A leaflet distributed by the two orga­ and turned away from their ealier criti­ New York Black Panther Captain Joudan Ford nizations declares, "If you were revolted cism. by police behavior in front of the Conrad In this context, the Sept. 28 demonstra­ Hilton August 28, come and be counted tion, if it is as large and broadly based September 28." The call for the demonstra­ as planned, can be influential in mobi­ tion also demands amnesty for those ar­ lizing public sentiment behind the right rested during the convention week, as well of the antiwar movement to protest in the Panthers victimized as amnesty for the black G Is at Fort Hood, streets. Already the Chicago Daily News, Tex., who refused to come to Chicago which has been critical of Daley all along, By Elizabeth Barnes to help put down the convention-week dem­ has written a fair report on the proposed NEW YORK, Sept. 19-It has been two Ford was charged with "obstructing pub- onstrations. demonstration, giving it front-page, banner weeks since a mob of right-wing off-duty lie property," and "resisting arrest". His trial Max Primack, a leader of the Chicago headline treatment. cops attacked and beat up a group of is set for Nov. 14. Peace Council, and a spokesman for the Mike Maggi, of the Chicago-based na­ Black Panther Party members inside the At a preliminary hearing on his case demonstration, said the demonstrators tional staff of the Student Mobilization Com­ halls ofthe Brooklyn Criminal Court Build­ held Sept. 19, Ford told The Militant want a peaceful march. 'We are applying mittee, has called for full support to the ing, but as yet no action has been taken that the charges against him are false and for a permit," he said, ''but we will dem­ proposed Sept. 28 demonstration. "The against the guilty cops and no cops have that the Panthers "will fight this as far onstrate with or without one." student antiwar movement in Chicago, and been arrested. as it goes." Discussion of the pros and cons of Daley's all over the country, has a stake in build­ On the contrary, police harassmentofthe police repression of the demonstrations ing Sept. 28 into as massive as possible Black Panther Party has been stepped up, In another frameup, police have arrest­ a display of solidarity with the antiwar and a number of Panthers, including New ed four New York Panthers on a charge movement," he said. "It will be an im­ York Panther captain Joudan Ford, have of "unlawful flight to avoid prosecution." portant factor in laying the groundwork been arrested and framed up on phony The arrest is in connection with an attempt St. Paul blacks for successful mass action during the in­ charges. by authorities in Baltimore, Md., to extra­ ternationally-called days of protest against Captain Ford was arrested Sept. 12 dite the four Panthers for arson, a crime the war, Oct. 21-27." while passing out leaflets during a Panther supposedly committed by them while they organize patrols demonstration at the 73rd Police Precinct. were visiting relatives in Baltimore last The Panthers were protesting police attacks August. The four were unaware that on community groups taking part in the charges were being brought against them to control cops Young Socialists struggle here for community control of in Maryland until after they had returned the schools. to New York. By David Thorstad The author is Socialist Workers Party set two national candidate for Congress from Minnesota's Oakland Panthers in court fifth district. speaking tours ST. PAUL, Minn. -Membersoftheblack community here plan to form volunteer "From Student Revolt to Socialist Revo­ as officials press frame-up patrols to observe St. Paul police in con­ lution" will be the topic of two extensive frontations with black people and to protect national speaking tours organized by the black youth from the police. Young Socialist Alliance this fall. Dan By Paul McKnight All seven Panthers pleaded not guilty to The need for such patrols was vividly Rosenshine, New York State chairman OAKLAND, Sept. 18- The continued these frame-up charges. demonstrated during the Labor Day week­ and a national field secretary of the attacks by the Oakland authorities on Two Oakland cops were wounded in end by a series of events which began YSA, will kick off his tour of the East the Black Panther Party went one step the shoot-out that followed their ambush with two off-duty St. Paul policemen moon­ coast and Southeast in Philadelphia this further yesterday when Eldridge Cleaver of two Panther cars last spring, just two lighting as security guards at a teenage week. Carol Lipman, editor of the Young and six other Panthers were brought to days after the assassination of Martin dance in the city auditorium. Socialist magazine and a national field court on charges resulting from a police Luther King. The police fired about one According to these policemen, they at­ secretary, will start her tour in Minnea­ ambush on them last April 6, in which thousand rounds of ammunition during tempted to disarm a young man in the polis-St. Paul and go on to the West Coast the Oakland cops murdered 17-year-old the battle. men's room, were beset by onlookers, and Southwest. Both tours will wind up Bobby Hutton and wounded Cleaver and Defense attorney Charles R. Garry pre­ and "saved" by one black man who stood in the Midwest. another Panther. sented a motion to quash all indictments between them and the angry crowd. Ten These speaking tours are part of a cam­ Cleaver faces three charges of attempted on the grounds that the Alameda County more police appeared on the scene, and paign to strengthen and build the young murder and three charges of assault with grand jury is illegally constituted and a patrolman fired Mace into the crowd. socialist movement in the U. S. this fall a deadly weapon on a police officer. does not include peers of the men who A scuffle ensued and a policeman was which will culminate in a National Con­ Panth.ers Warren Wells, 21; Wendel Wade, are being tried. Judge Redmond Spaats wounded by a gunshot. ference during Thanksgiving weekend in 23; Terry Cotton, 21; Donnell Lankford, set Oct. 14 for a hearing on this motion. Police pursued the teenagers as far as Chicago. 18; Charles Burfey, 21; and John Scott, He also set Dec. 2 as the date the trial two blocks from the auditorium, and the For information on the tour schedule 18, face two counts each ofthe same charges. will begin. final group, mostly young women, was and openings for meetings in your area In other court action this week, Judge forced shouting and screaming up Fourth contact the YSA national office, Box 4 71, Monroe Friedman sentenced one of the Street by helmeted officers . Cooper Station, N.Y., 10003, (212) 989- defense witnesses in the Huey Newton trial The young people returned home and 7570. . . . Gl march to six months in jail for contempt of court. gathered in groups on street corners, ex­ James McKinney is the witness who tes­ pressing outrage at the use of Mace and (Continued from page 1) tified during the trial that he was the the treatment of the young women. Large stickers, and holding rallies in civilian passenger in Newton's car last Oct. 28 groups of policemen in full riot regalia settlements outside bases. March organizers when Newton was stopped by Oakland entered the neighborhood and were greet­ are urging antiwar organizations around police in an incident that led to the death ed with cries of "Home, pigs!" and showers the country to include the Estes message of one cop. McKinney took the Fifth Amend­ of rocks. and the cases of Locks, Smith and Bright ment when he was asked under oath if People present at the dance said doors in their own publicity for Oct. 21-27 anti­ he shot the cop. were locked on them when police set off war actions. Judge Friedman sent him to jail when the tear gas, and that at least four girls In the Bay Area, Gis and civilians have he refused to answer questions of the prose­ were struck by the police. One girl, who volunteered to help build the march in cuting attorney. He was held in jail until is pregnant, says she was hit two blocks greater numbers than has been seen in any this week, when he received the six-month away from the auditorium and hit or antiwar action here since April 15, 1967. sentence. kicked several times after she was on the Fund appeals have been highly successful ground. Three black organizations are in­ and endorsements are still coming in. MONTPELIE.R1 . Vt. - T~e S()cialist vestigating the events and say they are Speakers at a rally after the march will ·:wo-rkers P<:~tty filed 1;805:: signatures still looking for people who were hit or include General Hugh Hester, Ret., and of registered voters on independent injured. Donald Duncan, former sergeant in the nominating .. petitic:nts .~e~ Sept. 17 to A spokesman for the volunteer black Green Berets. put its presidential and vice•presi- patrol said, "It is proven that the black The press has given good coverage to .~nti(JJ ~<:~ndidotes,. Fred Halstead and community cannot depend on the police the march. On hearing about the threat : PauiBOuteflel ori the ballot in Vermont. for adequate, just protection. The police to transfer Locks and Bright, one reporter, . The ·total . n1Jmb1tr of signature£. re­ cannot conduct themselves in the black a Korean war veteran, said, "This brings qu.triKJ to obtain ballot status: i$ 1;3oo. community without racist and brutal out the enlisted man in me." '-'c• ." '• •" Y > :•. .h' < ' ~ methods." Carol Lipman