APRIL 11, 1975 25 CENTS VOLUME 39/NUMBER 13

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTESESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

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Boston school plan: retreat. on des~regation -page 3

Chicago: Daley's cops exposed as spies, burglars -page 7 Unions mobilize for April26 Saigon troops fleeing Hue March for Jobs -page 12 By David Frankel tion in Indochina-shared by Ameri­ Ten years ago this month Lyndon cans and people throughout the Johnson began the massive military world-that is blocking Washington Memos bare FBI ·escalation that ended with 540,000 from taking military action to crush U.S. troops in Vietnam. the advancing rebel forces in Vietnam. plot to sabotage As Johnson crudely put it, Washing­ As the years of napalm, antiperE!on­ SWP campaigns ton was going to "nail the coonskin to nel bombs, defoliation, strategic ham­ -page 15 the wall." let concentration camps, and B-52 One U.S. official in Saigon at the saturation bombing went on, the whole time, reacting to the first manifesta­ world recoiled in horror against Wash­ tions of international condemnation of ington's bloody war and sided with the New stage the U.S. aggression, boasted: "We have heroic struggle of the Vietnamese for shown that we are strong enough to do self-determination. Vietnam became in Portuguese what we want without having to take the central issue of world politics, the revolution international opinion into account." burning question for a whole genera­ -World Outlook SP,Ction A decade later, it is precisely the tion. deeply felt opposition to U.S. interven- Continued on page 9 THIS In Brief WEEK'S FREEDOM OF PRESS VICTORY: The Militant and (hard coal) bosses in Washington, are seeking contract MILITANT Young Socialist can now be sold at West Los Angeles gains similar to those won by the bituminous (soft coal) College. The administration reversed its previous ban on miners in their three-week strike late last year. 3 Boston: new busing plan sales when confronted by a lawsuit filed by Laura According to UMW A spokesperson Phil Sparks, the chief retreats on desegrega­ Moorhead, organizer of the West Side Los Angeles Young demands of the union include paid sick leave, a wage tion Socialist Alliance, and Omari M usa of the Socialist Workers increase, a cost-of-living clause, upgrading of medical 4 Where do Stalinists party. benefits and coverage, and an improved pension. Retired stand on May 17? Their attorney, Herbert Jordan of the Bill of Rights anthracite miners currently lag far behind the bituminous Foundation, had argued that the college's ban was a miners, receiving a mere thirty dollars a month in pension 5 ROAR rally only purrs violation of First Amendment guarantees of freedom of payments. Before their strike the maximum pension of 6 Reid addresses Opera­ speech and press. By failing to contest the suit, the bituminous miners was $150 a month. That amount was tion PUSH administration in effect admitted its previous stand had increased in the new contract. been unconstitutional. This victory should encourage 7 Vast spy plot by Chicago challenges to similar bans on other campuses. NIGHT FALLS ON DAY: James Day has resigned, cops exposed effective July 1, as head of the federal Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration. 12 April 26 march for jobs Chicago: Reid credited Mine owners were delighted with Day's credentials to wins support oversee enforcement of safety laws-he has been a CIA 13 New war threat in with 16,000 votes employee, a campaign aide of Richard Nixon and Barry Mideast Goldwater, and chairman of the Arlington, Virginia, CHICAGO, April 2-With virtually all returns in, Social­ Republican party. 14 Cops arrest union mili­ ist Workers party candidate Willie Mae Reid has been But to the coal miners whose lives are endangered every tants in Argentina officially credited with 16,358 votes for mayor of Chicago. day by unsafe mines, Day symbolized the collusion between Reid's vote represents 2.4 percent of the total votes cast. government and big coal interests that has killed untold 15 Cointelpro papers: FBI At polling places in the Black community where SWP poll thousands of their brothers, fathers, and friends over the sabotaged socialist watchers were able to verify the vote totals, Reid received no years. The United Mine Workers protested Day's appoint­ election campaigns less than 8 percent and some places 10,12, or 14 percent. ment in 1973 and has campaigned for his removal ever Mayor Richard Daley won reelection as expected, with 16 FBI memos reprinted since. 77.7 percent of the total vote. Republican John Hoellen A modest proposal: why not put a coal miner in charge? 23 Parents mobilize for tallied 19.8 percent. Despite the Daley machine's efforts to District One school organize a massive turnout as a show of strength, the voter turnout was the lowest since 1931. VICE SQUAD GETS SUED: The Los Angeles Police election Department vice squad placed an advertisement for "sexy "We socialists have a real victory to celebrate," said Reid. "Despite the generally low interest in this election, fostered hostesses" to go on a foreign gambling junket. They set up a 28 Did cops set up George fake office and told women who applied that they were Jackson 'escape' try? by news media that portrayed the campaign as 'over' after the Democratic primary, thousands of working people went hired. The cops then invited all the applicants to a predeparture party at the Sheraton Universal Hotel. The 2 In Brief to the polls to cast a vote for the socialist alternative. "Besides," Reid added, "we know our real vote was much more than fifty women who showed up for the party 10 In Our Opinion higher before Daley's crooks finished juggling the totals. We discovered that all the male "guests" were cops, who Letters have proof that in at least four precincts our position on the arrested them and charged them with prostitution. The voting machines was switched so that some of our votes charges were later dismissed. 11 Women in Revolt were not counted. Now, the Women's Rights Litigation Unit of the Ameri­ By Any Means Necessary "In some cases people who tried to vote for me found my can Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Southern California has filed suit against the vice squad, demanding $50,000 24 In Review: 'America's name had been removed from the ballot. We intend to each to compensate for humiliation, emotional distress, and Road to Socialism' vigorously investigate all these instances of election fraud. "And I want 'Boss' Daley to know," Reid said, "that our loss of personal reputation suffered by two of ~he women arrested in the entrapment conspiracy. The suit further WORLD OUTLOOK campaign for socialism is not over-in fact, it's just beginning. We are going to more forward from the support demands one million dollars in punitive damages to deter 19 New stage in Portuguese the police from future acts of this sort. revolution we gained in this election to build an even stronger socialist movement in Chicago." "The real importance of the case is to show up the police 20 International Women's mentality toward women of the most disadvantaged class," Day around the world said ACLU women's rights attorney Jill Jakes. "The vice INDOCHINA FORUM SET IN NEW YORK: The new officers' conspiracy reflects a cruel contempt toward women 21 Iraqi regime in new revolutionary upsurge in Vietnam and Cambodia will be already victimized by the social structure, as well as a attack on Kurds examined at a special Militant Forum in New York City on delib~rate violation of their constitutional right to be free of Friday, April 11, at 8 p.m. The speaker will be Caroline illegal arrest and to be dealt with fairly by the law 22 World News Notes Lund, editor of the International Socialist Review, the enforcement structure." monthly magazine supplement to the Militant. Lund will -Nelson Blackstock also look at current developments in Portugal. The place is Workmen's Circle, 45 E. 33 St. For more information call THE MILITANT (212) 982-9021. YOUR FIRST VOLUME 39/NUMBER 13 OREGON DISCLOSURE BILL: A bill that would allow APRIL 11, 1975 political committees to seek exemption from campaign CLOSING NEWS DATE-APRIL 2 financial disclosure laws if disclosure would expose contri­ ISSUE? butors to economic reprisals, loss of employment, or threat Editor. MARY-ALICE WATERS Business Manager: ROSE OGDEN of physical coercion has been introduced into the Oregon Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING legislature. State Rep. Vera Katz is sponsoring the bill on Washington Bureau: CINDY JAQUITH behalf of the Committee for Democratic Election Laws SUBSCRIBE (CoDEL). Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. The recently released FBI Cointelpro files documenting Telephone: Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Busi­ years of harassment of socialists proves the need for such TO THE ness Office (212) 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 710 exemption provisions, CoDEL maintains. A hearing on the S. Westlake Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90057. bill is set for April 10. Olga Rodriguez, youth coordinator of Telephone: (213) 483-2798. Washington Bureau: MILITANT 1345 E. St. N.W., Fourth Floor, Washington, D.C. the Socialist Workers 1976 National Campaign Committee, 20004. Telephone: (202) 638-4081. is scheduled to testify for the measure, along with represent­ A conspiracy aimed at disrupting the Black civil rights Correspondence concerning subscriptions or atives of the American Civil Liberties Union, the Eugene changes of address should be addressed 1o The movement, the labor movement, the antiwar movement, Militant Business Office, 14 Charles Lane, New McCarthy presidential campaign, and CoDEL. and the right of socialists to participate in elections. Now, York, N.Y. 10014. this FBI plot is a matter of public record. Read the Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. OPEN-AND-SHUT CASE: Walt Rostow, one of Lyndon Cointelpro papers being serialized in the Militant. Subscriptions: domestic, $7.50 a year; foreign, Johnson's top advisers on the Vietnam War, has sued the $11.00. By first-class mail: domestic, Canada, and Subscribe. Mexico, $32; ali other countries, $53. By airmail: makers of Hearts and Minds for causing "irreparable domestic, Canada, and Mexico, $42. By air printed damage" to his reputation. The critically acclaimed new film matter: Central America and Caribbean, $40; is a documentary on United States involvement in the war, Introductory oller-81/2 months Mediterranean Africa, Europe, and South America, including the role of politicians such as Rostow. ( ) $1 for two months ) New $52; USSR, Asia, Pacific, and Africa, $62. Write for ( ) $,7.50 for one year foreign sealed air postage rates. ) Renewal For subscriptions airmailed from New York and COAL MINERS STRIKE: At midnight, March 31, 2,300 Name ______then posted from London directly to Britain, hard-coal miners in northeastern Pennsylvania walked off Ireland, and Continental Europe: £1 for eight issues, Address ______their jobs. The strikers, members of the United Mine £2.50 for six months, £5 for one year. Send banker's City ______State, _____.._ip, _____ draft or international postal order (payable to Workers of America (UMWA), are demanding major Pathfinder Press) to Pathfinder Press, 47 The Cut, improvements in their contract. The old contract expired London, SE1 8LL, England. Inquire for air rates March 31. 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014 from London at the same address. · Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily UMW A officials, now in negotiations with the anthracite represent the Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials.

2 Boston: proposed new busing plfin represents retreat on desegregatton By Peter Seidman that grade level throughout the syst­ BOSTON-A court-appointed panel em." has submitted a series of recommenda­ The masters' proposals evade Garri­ tions for Phase Two of public school ty's guidelines by dividing the city into desegregation here. The racist antibus­ nine geographical districts and one ing forces in the city are loudly city-wide district. This plan would opposing the recommendations be­ require the use of busing only within cause they are opposed to any desegre­ each district and would aim at making gation. But the fact is that if adopted, the racial composition of schools the plan would constitute a major within a district equal to the racial retreat from the goal of putting an end composition of the district as a whole, to the segregation of Boston's schools. rather than of the city as a whole. The recommendations, compiled by a Given the highly segregated charac­ panel of educational and legal "mas­ ter of housing in Boston, this plan ters," have been submitted to Federal would exempt parts of Boston from the District Judge Arthur Garrity. After court desegregation order. public hearings, Garrity is expected to For example, schools in East Boston rule on the final outlines of Phase Two would remain 90 percent white. East desegregation by April 11. Boston has been the scene of violent On June 21, 1974, Garrity ruled that threats against the extension of bus­ the Boston schools were segregated as ing. Racists have threatened to blow the result of a conscious ten-year effort up the tunnels and bridges leading to by the Boston School Committee. that part of the city. Garrity ordered the desegregation of a The overall racial composition of the portion of the city's schools to begin city schools is 50 percent white, 35 last September. percent Black, and 15 percent other This Phase One desegregation, in­ minorities. But using the district ratio volving the busing of Black students formula, there would be wide variation into previously white schools in South from district to district. Schools in Boston, Hyde Park, and Roslindale, predominantly white West Roxbury, has been met with violent opposition for example, would remain 70 percent by racist foes of busing. Mobs of white, while the Burke district (Dor­ whites stoned school buses bringing chester, Savin Hill, and Meetinghouse Mob threatening Black students at South Boston High. 'Phase Two' plan attempts to Black students into South Boston. On Hill) would be only 25 percent white. conciliate racists. several occasions, Blacks were beaten Thomas Atkins, president of the on the streets of South Boston. Boston NAACP, which is representing ty, since schools there have suffered intention of letting up until all busing On one occJtsion, a mob of more than Black parents in the school desegrega­ from the school committee's ten-year is ended. 600 whites surrounded South Boston tion suit that led to Garrity's original policy of maintaining inferior educa­ Antibusing leader State Sen. William High School, trapping more than 100 ruling, said of the proposed plan, "We tion for Blacks. Bulger (D-South Boston) drew this Black students inside. . have problems with the effective exclu­ This "inequitable allocation bur­ conclusion from the masters' propo­ This violent resistance has been sion of East Boston [and] the extent to den," as Atkins calls it, means that a sals: "The first plan was horrendous, encouraged and even directly organ­ which substantial desegregation will disproportionate number of Black and this is an attempt to retreat from ized by reactionary groups in an effort not take place in West Roxbury and in students will have to be bused into it. Implicit in that attempt is an to force the government to back down the Burke district.. ·.. " formerly predominantly white schools admission that the original approach in its desegregation orders. to achieve the racial guidelines in the was wrong.... [People] have reason In this context, the nature of Phase Reduction in busing masters' Phase Two ·plan. to be skeptical . . . until the assump­ Two has become the focal point of One measure of the retreat signified This disproportionate busing of tions of the original plan are repudiat­ attention, and both sides see that by the masters' plan is the reduction in Black students, moreover, means that ed." Garrity's ruling on the matter will set the number of students to be bused. white students will not be coming into In .an interview with the Militant, the framework for the busing battle in Under the proposal a maximum of as many schools in the Black commu­ Norman Oliver, Socialist Workers the coming months. Phase Two will go 14,900 students would be bused to nity. Supporters of desegregation have party candidate for mayor of Boston, into effect with the opening of school achieve desegregation. This figure is pointed out that one advantage of explained that "it was the climate of in the fall. substantially below the approximately bringing white students into formerly racist hysteria in this city whipped up Garrity's original directives for 17,000 students now part of a busing predominantly Black schools has been by the organized mobilizations of the Phase Two called for the "greatest program under Phase One, which that the schools are more likely to be racists that won those concessions degree of actual desegregation of all applies to only part of the city. improved if whites have to attend embodied in the masters' Phase Two grades in all schools in all parts of the By contrast, the NAACP plan esti­ them. plan." city." mated that 28,700 students would have Many features of the masters' Phase to be bused to achieve full desegrega­ Two recommendations remain unclear. 'Attempt at appeasement' Standards for desegregation tion under Phase Two. The plan calls for an increased partici­ Oliver doubted that "the racists He defined the standard for desegre­ Moreover, the masters' plan calls for pation of universities, business, and would accept this attempt at appease­ gation to be that the "racial composi­ the closing of thirty schools, many of labor in the direction of schools and for ment," however. The socialist candi­ tion of the student body of every school which are the poorest in Boston. A the creation of community district date said, "I expect the racists to should generally reflect the ratios of disproportionate· number of these councils. Exactly what powers these continue their efforts to roll back the white and black students enrolled at schools will be in the Black communi- groups will have in relation to Boston's original Garrity desegregation order school committee are not spelled out. and maintain the formerly segregated character of the Boston schools." Details unclear Oliver called upon the Black commu­ The exact allocation of students and nity and its supporters "to build the therefore the exact figures on busing national - May 17 prodesegregation and racial composition of the schools march on Boston called ·by the will not be released until next June. NAACP. Only by outmobilizing the This, along with the obscure language racists will the Black community be of the proposal, leaves many of the able to defend what it has won so far details of the plan. unclear. and extend the struggle for equal Should Garrity approve the basic rights." outline of this masters' recommenda­ Maceo Dixon, a coordinator of the tion, however,· it will be a partial National Student Coalition Against victory for the racist mobs. The mas­ Racism (NSCAR), which is actively ~rs' plan is clearly an attempt to building on the campuses for the May appease the lynch-mob violence of 17 march, told the Militant, "NSCAR busing foes at the expense of the has never organized itself around the demands for desegregation by Boston's specifics of one or another desegrega­ Black community. In justifying their tion plan. We are organized to mobilize proposals, the masters rely on a the student movement in support of the section of the U.S. Supreme Court just demand of the Black community ruling on desegregation guidelines that in Boston for desegregation now. It is says a plan must promise "realistically clear that the masters' plan falls far to work and promise realistically to short of this demand~ Therefore, our work now." efforts to build May 17 will be redou­ Far from being mollified by the new bled as the best answer to the cam­ busing proposals, however, desegrega­ paign of racist hysteria which threat­ tion foes have found encouragement ens to roll back the gains won so far in for their strategy of using force and the struggle for equal education for Black students entering Boston school violence to block busing, and have no Black youth in Boston." -

THE MILITANT/APRIL 11, 1975 3 Answer-to YWLL Where do Stalinists stand on May 17? By Ginny Hildebrand speak as long as they liked. When it (First of a series) was clear that they were winning no A series of articles by Matty Berkel­ support from the rest of the 2,000 hammer, the national organizational students, they walked out calling for secretary of the Young Workers Libera­ "an end to busing [and} this whole tion League (YWLL), appeared in the fucked-up reactionary conference." March 13, 14, and 15 issues of the Berkelhammer tries to pawn these Daily World, the newspaper that re­ disrupters off as indepe,ndent Black flects the views of the Communist and Puerto Rican students who were party. frustrated by "YSA dominatipn" of the Berkelhammer's articles are de­ conference. signed to undercut the May 17 national But after the conference, the group demonstration in support of school that organized the disruption (the desegregation in Boston, initiated by . Committee for Justice, a Brooklyn the NAACP. The form of the attack is College group heavily influenced by the Maoist Puerto Rican Revolutionary Ginny Hildebrand is the national Workers Organization) wrote an article .organizational secretary of the in the· campus newspaper boasting Young Socialist Alliance. that they went to the conference with the express intent of disrupting it­ a slanderous red-baiting smear because they oppose busing. launched against the National Student Berkelhammer knows this. He even Coalition Against Racism (NSCAR) as quotes from another section of their being "dominated" by the Young article! But anything goes in his Socialist Alliance and the Socialist attempt to smear the conference. Workers party, which Berkelhammer Berkelhammer has another compell­ <;haracterizes as "racist" and "oppor­ Militant/Mary Jo Hendrickson ing reason for covering up for the tunist" organizations. National Student Conference Against Racism. Two thousand students, including disrupters. The YWLL contributed in Berkelhammer covers his slanders YWLL, voted to back May 17 and set up student organization to fight racism, but now no small way to whipping up red­ with a few words of support for May YWLL is trying to discredit NSCAR. baiting that was used by the disrup­ 17. He writes, "Building a mass turn­ ters. The fact is that the YWLL joined out for the national demonstration in with the disrupters in the opening Boston May 17 . . . is of utmost im­ segregation activists provided an au­ 1970 YWLL pamphlet, Trotskyism, the session of the conference in a red­ portance." thoritative answer to the racist lies Inside Job, a crude fabrication right baiting attack in an attempt to divide But since Boston NAACP President and demagogy that had dominated the out of the Stalinist school of falsifica­ the gathering. Thomas Atkins announced the May 17 media all fall. tion, CP leader Mike Zagarell tried to An example of their frenzy was action at an NSCAR rally February 14 rationalize this. indicated on the day the conference and appealed to NSCAR to throw its . Angela Davis 'not available' He "explained" that the YSA has opened. Several times when YSA energies into building it, the YWLL Angela Davis was invited to be grown because the radicalization on members walked up to the YWLL and CP have done virtually nothing to among the speakers at this historic the campuses is fertile ground for literature table, their members said, build May 17. teach-in. She was "not available." She "petty-bourgeois" ideas nurtured by "Get out the pick ax." The "pickax" Six weeks after the conference, was available, however, to speak at a the ruling class and propagated by the refers to the murder weapon used by neither the YWLL nor the CP has YWLL convention in Philadelphia on Trotskyists. But, Zagarell promised, as one of Stalin's agents to kill Leon endorsed the demonstration. A few December 14. the social struggles spread to the Black Trotsky in 1940. individual members of the YWLL have At that convention, newly elected community and the working class, endorsed, but they refuse to identify YWLL National Chairman James Trotskyist ideas will lose ground and the YWLL with their endorsement. Steele arrogantly called . the Boston the YSA will disintegrate. YSA role Angela Davis, the most prominent teach-in and freedom march "a routine This hope is echoed as fact in the While forced to admit, at one point, CPer, who has been speaking to exercise in left sectarianism." YWLL's Draft Thesis for their Decem­ that the vast majority of the students audiences around the country, has The YWLL's attitude toward the ber convention, which claimed that at the conference were unaffiliated tO refused to endorse. December actions was matched by its there has been a ~·mass rejection of the any radical organization, Berkelham­ refusal to support the February Na- deeply opportunist and dishonest split­ mer later falsely claims that the YSA Some past history tional Student Conference Against ting and racist policies of the Young numerically dominated the conference. Giving lip service to the importance Racism, projected at a student meeting Socialist Alliance." The YSA proudly admits that we of the fight against racism in Boston after the December 14 march. But even by Berkelhammer's own encouraged our members to go to while doing little about it is not new Once again, the Daily World did not admission, the YSA is playing a big Boston. What's more we plead "guilty" with the Stalinists. The fact is that publicize this important step toward role in the desegregation struggle to going on a campaign to help they refused to back the probusing building a broad movement to counter today. Jfow can a "racist" organiza­ publicize the conference and organize march there last December 14, which the racists. Once again, Angela Davis tion do this? It obviously can't. But the hundreds of unaffiliated students to turned out 12,000 people to show the refused an •invitation to speak in Stalinists' phobia of the increasing attend. Why? Because we think defend­ racists that they don't own the streets Boston. Once again the league did not influence of the YSA's politics, its ing the right of the Black community of Boston. They not only refused to · help build this event. impact on militant Black youth, and · to desegregate schools in 'Boston ·is of support the action; the YWLL held a Finally, on the day of the conference, even on some of the YWLL's own paramount importance. Apparently convention in competition with the the Daily World announced that the members, knows no bounds. the YWLL does not. march on the same weekend! league was giving its endorsement to Why didn't the YWLL bring more The night before the march, NSCAR the conference. This is a big factor behind the than fifty (Berkelhammer's figure) of sponsored a teach-in, attended by 1,200 But this long-awaited information YWLL's drive to torpedo NSCAR and, its members to the conference? Why people. appeared alongside a red-baiting arti- indirectly, May 17. Rather than whole­ were only a handful of Black members There Julian Bond, Rev. Ralph cle by CP leader Ed Teixeira. Referring heartedly participating in the efforts to of the league at the conference, when Abernathy, Jonathan Kozol, Black to what he called "the predominance win the broadest possible numbers to the YWLL claims that half of its high school students, and local de- on the steering committee of Socialist join together in action in defense of the membership is Black? Why didn't the Workers Party (SWP) and Young Black· community in Boston, the Stalinists publicize the conference to Socialist Alliance (YSA) members," YWLL would rather see anything the help ensure the broadest possible turn- Teixeira dredged up some shopworn YSA is involved in fail. They place out? ' . Stalinist charges about "racism" dis­ their hatred for the YSA above the Is it perhaps because they didn't played by the SWP and YSA in the needs of the Black community. want their Black members and others antiwar movement. This is why Berkelhammer's articles to see that the so-called racist YSA is Why have the YWLL and CP, despite lie about what happened at the an energetic component of a genuinely -lip service to the idea of building a NSCAR conference, red-bait the gath­ broad and militant movement against broad movement in defense of the ering, and block with forces who are racism? embattled Black community in Boston, politically opposed to busing and to taken a sectarian stance toward eveJt' May 17. What will YWLL do now? major opportunity to build such a A democratic discussion and at But the league's desperate efforts times heated debate took place at the movement? have not been able to stop NSCAR student conference. This discussion from getting off the ground and Fear Trotskyists was necessary in order to bring diverse organizing May 17 building activities. A major reason for the league's political forces together around a The league is left with a thorny sectarianism in the Boston desegrega­ common action program to mobilize problem: Why isn't the YWLL pitching tion struggle is their fear of the students in defense of the Black in and building May 17, which they growing influence of the Trotskyist community's right to equal education. claim to support? And why is the. -movement. However, at one point the conference "racist" YSA directing tremendous During the past several years, the was seriously threatened by a group of efforts toward doing just this and Stalinist leadership has been hard­ thirty to forty people who comman­ working with others to involve more Angela Davis, Stalinists' most prominent pressed to explain to their members . deered one of the floor microphones in and more organizations and individu­ figure, has been 'not available' to build how the "racist," "counterrevolution­ an attempt to disrupt the conference by als in NSCAR? support for antiracist march. ary" YSA has been able to grow. In a demanding that they be allowed to Continued on page 26

4 Racists in D.C. 'Promise': old word to ROAR rally is a purr ex-Navy Yard workers By AI Budka section of the demonstration began to By Maxine Williams lump-sum payment of $5,000 maxi­ WASHINGTON-The Boston anti­ run after the car, which sped away to NEW YORK-There were promises, mum. busing organization ROAR (Restore shouts of "Hey, nigger, get out of the all right, lots of promises: training Since the layoffs, many of the Our Alienated Rights) is trying to pull car and do that." programs, jobs for Blacks and Puerto Seatrain workers have had trouble together a nationwide organization of The racists went in for costumes. Ricans, maybe even pushing back getting unemployment compensation. racist groups. A new national group, The lead banner was carried by two some of the economic blight that has The Jamaican worker said he was also called ROAR, was formed at a men in colonial garb, followed by a fife, steadily crept over this part of Brook­ told by the unemployment office that conference here March 17-18 preceding drum, and flag trio. They carried signs lyn for years. Seatrain was late in sending in the . an antibusing demonstration on saying, "The Spirit of Freedom Lives- That's what the reopening of the forms. March 19. According to reports in the 1775-1975" and "Help Save Boston; Brooklyn Navy Yard in the 1960s was One might think from his descrip­ Washington Post~ the meeting was The City is Occupied." supposed to bring. tion that the Seatrain workers had no attended by representatives from some Rep. Marjorie Holt (R-Md.) pledged When Hugh Carey, one of those big union to protect their interests. In fact thirty right-wing groups in a dozen at the rally to continue her fight for Democratic "friends of labor," was they were members of the "United. states. federal antibusing legislation. Holt's campaigning for governor last year, he Industrial Workers of North America" The major forces outside of Boston home territory is Anne Arundel Coun­ talked a lot about his role in reopenin,g (UIW), a division of the Seafarers' came from antibusing groups in Mary­ ty, where racist bands have freely the yard. International Union, AFL-CIO. land and the reactionary antitextbook roamed in recent months, burning You don't see Governor Carey The Jamaican worker angrily movement in West Virginia. Eli Ho­ crosses on the lawns of Black homes around the Brooklyn Navy Yard nowa­ termed it a "company union" and said well, described by the Washington Star and fire-bombing Black residences. days, though. Not since Seatrain it had not lifted a finger to protest the as "the point man here for [George] Also speaking at the rally were Shipbuilding Corporation laid off 2,800 layoffs. "The UIW is a union that the Wallace's presidential campaign," par­ Louise Day Hicks, Boston City Council workers-60 percent of all those em­ workers are against," he said. "But ticipated in a ROAR news conference. member; John Kerrigan of the Boston ployed in .the yard-at the beginning there is little the worker can do The demonstration on the nineteenth School Committee; and other Boston of this year. because in order to gain employment drew only 1,300 participants. Organiz- politicians. Seatrain said the market for super­ from the company, all employees must . ers had previously projected that The real appeal of the march was . tankers is depressed right now, so be a member of that union." 45,000 would be in Washington to indicated by the arrival of a contingent there would be no profit in finishing When a new three-year contract was demand a constitutional amendment from the National Socialist White the two giant ships under construction voted on last year, he said, "the to outlaw busing for the purpose oi People's Party (Nazis). Although pre­ in the yard. workers wanted an open ballot so we desegregating schools. - vented by police from joining the other It was one of the most drastic single could vote down the contract, but it One incident, recorded by a reporter racists, the Nazis picketed with a large shutdowns to hit the city in years. was secret. The majority of the work for the Boston Phoenix, illustrated the swastika flag at the edge of the rally,. Eighty-five percent of those thrown force didn't get a ballot." character of the demonstration. As the chanting "White Power!" into the streets were minority workers. The contract provided a paltry march went up Constitution Avenue a After the rally, the Nazis left in their Then there was another promise: eighty-five-cent total wag~ increase parade marshal suddenly stopped "hate bus," a school bus with darkened that the yard would reopen February spread over three years. UIW officials short, pointed to a car, and said, "That windows, a sound system, and "White 24. Now it's April, and still not a soul called the contract "one of the best in nigger just gave us the finger." A Power" banners on the side. has been called back to work. the shipbuilding industry." One of the A twenty-one-year-old Jamaican "benefits" described in a UIW news worker told the Militant about his bulletin was that ~·coffee may be had experiences with Seatrain. He had on the job in a thermos bottle." been employed as a welder for a little At the last convention of the UIW, more than a year when the layoffs hit. the initiation fee was boosted to A large portion of Seatrain's employ­ seventy-five dollars and monthly dues ees were recruited in the Caribbean at to eight dollars. The membership substandard wages, he said. "For learned of the convention and the dues instance, I started out as a third-class increase through the mail in a newslet- welder-the bottom of the scale­ ter. , despite the fact that I had previous Seafarers' International Union Pres­ experience in Jamaica." His starting ident Paul Hall is notorious for operat­ wage was about $4.20 an hour, far ing shakedown rackets-even worse below the scale for a skilled-craft than the UIW-on both U.S. and worker. foreign-born sailors, providing him Working conditions at Seatrain were with an ample treasury for payoffs to terrible, he said. "During the winter capitalist politicians. there is no heat provided for outside He is also one of those in the AFL­ work. The employees must work in the CIO hierarchy who yaps the loudest freezing cold, forcing illness, which about "illegal aliens" being the cause produces extreme ·hardship because of unemployment. Of course, that there is no sick leave," he explained. didn't stop him from making cozy "If I stay out with the flu or a cold, I deals with Seatrain to import Caribbe­ am not paid." an workers, exploit them at open-shop wages, and charge them exorbitant Those who worked inside were sub­ union fees. Maybe it was all "legal," 'Go to Boston May 17' jected to hazardous conditions as well, maybe not. because of improper lighting and Without jobs, many of the laid-off_ WASHINGTON-"! urge all of you ty. "We may need people from Boston ventilation for those work-ing with Seatrain workers from the Caribbean here to go to Boston on May 17. We've and Washington to come to Prince steel. may soon ·}earn their immigration got to go and tell them that fifty years Georges County some day," he said. "Men were injured daily at Sea­ status is in jeopardy. If they then face of 'separate but equal' didn't work. Joette Chancy, a national coordina­ train," he said. "We were hurt by flying deportation as "illegal aliens," they We've got to give the Black community tor of the National Student Coalition objects and many men have their may fmd themselves back at the the ·courage to resist the racism in Against Racism, also spoke. She is hands cut." In the past three years, he Brooklyn Navy Yard after all. The Boston." president of the Black Student Union · added, at least three people were killed yard is being proposed as a detention This 3tatement by Sylvester at Lexington High School in Boston. at Seatrain because of insufficient center for undocumented workers. Vaughns, president of the NAACP in Chancy attacked the notion that the safety equipment. Their families got a So much for the promises. Prince Georges County, Maryland, antibusing movement is simply for opened a recent meeting here on the "quality education." "If the people of fight for school desegregation. Activ­ South Boston weren't against Black ists from high schools, colleges, and people and were ready for quality the Black community attended the education for all," she explained, "they March 18 meeting, which was spon­ wouldn't have written on the walls: sored by the D.C. Area Student Coali­ 'This is god's white country!' and 'Kill tion Against Racism. The coalition is niggers!' and 'Ship the niggers back to building support for the May 17 march Africa!'" to defend busing. in Boston, called by Chancy urged students in particular the NAACP. to help build May 17, pointing out, "If Vaughns outlined the history of the the racists are allowed to function in school desegregation struggle in Prince Boston, they will soon spread to your Georges County, where racist antibus­ doorstep. Come to Boston on May 17!" ing forces have been active for several years. The main antibusing group Other speakers at the meeting in­ there, Citizens for Community Schools, cluded Josephine Butler, delegate to joined with the Boston racist group the Greater Washington Central Labor ROAR (Restore Our Alienated Rights) Council from Local 2 of the Office and to cohost a March 19 national antibus­ Professional Employees International ing march on Washington. Union (OPEIU); Kathy Kelly, Vaughns pointed out that the racists president of the National Student are uniting around the country and Association; and Patrick Harvin, vice­ stressed the need for a united, national president of the student government at defense of the Boston Black communi- Cardozo High School here.

THE MILITANT/APRIL 11, 1975 5 Socialist hits co~ infiltration Reid addresses Operation PUSH meeting By John Isenhower should be instituted," Eichelberger CHICAGO-Willie Mae Reid, Social­ said. ist Workers party candidate for mayor, E. Duke McNeil, a Black attorney addressed the Saturday morning meet­ and former Democratic candidate for ing of Operation PUSH here March 29, mayor, told the rally that Reid had just three days before the April 11 been out "raising hell and raising election. issues." PUSH is one of the most influential "I personally want to salute you and Black community organizations in wish you the best of luck," he said. Chicago. Its weekly meetings are Reid, the featured speaker, was attended by hundreds of people and loudly applauded by the 140 people heard on the. radio by thousands more. present as she explained the accom­ Reid denounced Mayor Richard Dal­ plishments of the socialist campaign. ey for ordering police infiltration and "We have gone out all over this city · harassment of groups such as PUSH talking with people about real solu­ and the Socialist Workers party. tions to their problems," she said_ "As Daley, she pointed out, claims the a result of what we have done during police spying is necessary "to stop these few months, more people are groups from being violent." looking more seriously at the socialist "The truth is that when the real alternative to the Republicans and violence comes, the police can't seem to Democrats." do anything about it," Reid said. Because of Reid's persis~nt cam­ "Where are they when the Black paigning and her achievement of families on the Southwest Side are ballot status, the news media have felt attacked by Nazis and other racists? compelled to give her more coverage MilitanVCharles Ostrofsky "Where are they when a Black than previous socialist ca~paigns. Willie Mae Reid (right) is interviewed by 'Chicago Sun-Times' while campaigning at church is set on fire by Ku Klux The March 30 Chicago Tribune, for unemployment office. Her aggressive campaign has forced news media to take Klanners in Aurora? example, printed a preelection spread notice. with equal-sized articles on Reid, "Where were they when right-wing Daley, and Republican John Hoellen. terrorists of the Legion of Justice The Tribune also printed a summary of r~placing the present police force with machine, it is a machinP- of neighbors attacked our headquarters and beat up each candidate's position on the one elected and supervised by commu­ working together. on our supporters? They were right major issues. The following are ex­ nity residents. "Reid: Not only is patronage an there working hand in glove with the cerpts: "Schools abuse of power, but it is racist because attackers." "Crime "Daley: Schools should not be a minorities are underrepresented in city The final week of the campaign was "Daley: The cause of rising crime, in political issue. jobs. People should not have to .swear also highlighted by a rally at the partr is the permissiveness of modem "Reid: Class sizes should be reduced political loyalty to get a city job.'~· · socialist campaign headquarters that society. It is also caused by disrespect thru construction of more classrooms Muhammad Speaks, newspaper of evening. for police, violence on television, black and the hiring of more teachers. The the Nation of Islam and the largest-. The first speaker was Brenda Eichel­ exploitation films, and breakdown of use of racist and sexist textbooks circulation Black paper in the country, berger, chairperson of the Chicago the family structure. should be. eliminated, and bilingual carried an article on Reid in its April 4 chapter of the National Black F!i!minist "Reid: To solve the problems of crime, education should be provided for all issue under the headline, "Independent. Organization. Eichelberger said Willie we have to solve the causes--­ who need it. Free education should be Black mayoral candidate offers altern­ Mae Reid should be elected mayor of unemployment, poor housing, aliena­ provided thru college. atives to plight of poor." Chicago because she is a socialist, a tion, and racism. The answer is not to "Patronage The article focused on the "Bill of Black woman, and a worker. hire more police, but to end police "Daley: What some call patronage, Rights for Working People" advocated "She has positive programs that brutality in black neighborhoods by we call friendship. If there is a Chicago by the socialist campaign. 'Estudiantes de Ia Raza' hear Camejo in Mich. By Ruth Getts Camejo's ideas on how to solve the of those who already have jobs. ment lines, and on college campuse8 DETROIT-The banner at the front economic crisis. "More people should be put back to th'roughout the two-state region. of the meeting hall in St. Vincent De One worker with eleven years' se­ work even if it means shortening the So far, the candidate has spoken to Paul's Catholic Church in Pontiac, niority protested that while he is out of workweek to spread available jobs students on five campuses and has Michigan, said, "Welcome Peter a job, others, still at work in his plant, around," he said. Many also expressed been received by large and enthusias­ Camejo, presidential candidate." An are putting in up to seventy hours a the need for working people to have an tic audiences. The campuses include audience of seventy people from the week. He and some of his fellow independent political party of their Henry Ford Community College in Mexican-American community had workers pointed out that the UAW own to fight for such programs. Detroit, Mott Community College in come to hear the Socialist Workers should oppose this policy and lead the Camejo discussed the Socialist Work­ Flint, Central Michigan University in party candidate talk about his pro­ fight to put those who are laid off back ers party's proposed "Bill of Rights for Mount Pleasant, and the University of gram. to work instead of extending the hours Working People," which calls for Michigan in Ann Arbor. Students from Estudiantes de Ia organizing to win the right to such Seventy-five people at Central Michi­ Raza, a group at Oakland University things as .a job, a secure retirement, gan University and ninety at the in Rochester, Michigan, about twenty free education and medical care, and University of Michigan turned out to miles north of Detroit, organized the the right of oppressed nationalities to hear Camejo speak on the socialist meeting. control their own communities. Many solution to the economic crisis. Thirty­ The meeting was held up for a few ~ok copies of the "Bill of Rights" in nine people have endorsed the cam­ minutes so that people who had been Spanish. paign thus far and five have decided to attending mass could. file in. Hugo After the meeting a collection was join the YSA. Aleman, a member of Estudiantes de taken, and fifteen copies of the Milit­ In the next week, Camejo is sche­ Ia Raza, chaired the meeting, which ant and five subscriptions were sold. duled to speak at Oakland Community was conducted in Spanish. Camejo is Eight people endorsed the campaign, College in Detroit, Michigan State the first person of Latin American expressing interest in doing ongoing University in East Lansing, and West­ descent to run for president of the work to win others to support Camejo. em Michigan University in Kalama­ United States. The campaign committee hopes this zoo. In Indiana he will speak at North The audience gave him a warm will be the beginning of a support Manchester College and at Indiana welcome. Many of those who came to group in the area. University in Bloomington. hear him were community leaders in Camejo was invited back for the He is also scheduled to appear before Pontiac. Two had run in local school following week to participate in Easter American Federation of State, County board elections and have been long­ Sunday festivities. Members of the and Municipal Employees Local 1880 time fighters for bilingual programs in Young Socialist Alliance, who have and will be the featured speaker at a the Pontiac schools. They were particu­ · been traveling with Camejo, were rally at the Detroit socialist campaign larly interested in Camejo's stand in invited by high school students who headquarters at 3737 Woodward Ave­ favor of bilingual education and for attended the meeting to speak at a nue, Saturday, April 5, at 8:00 p.m. The community control of the schools in class on social problems. The students rally is part of an educational weekend Chicano communities. wanted to hear about the struggle in on "Prospects for Socialism in the Several of those present had been Boston to defeat racist attempts to United States" being sponsored by the employed at the General Motors as­ block school desegregation. Young Socialist Alliance and the 1976 sembly plant in Pontiac until they The meeting in Pontiac came on the Socialist Workers Campaign Commit­ were recently laid off. They were all Milit,.nt/At'rnt1 first leg of a two-week tour of Michigan tee. For more information, contact the members of the United Auto Workers Peter Camejo, Socialist Workers party and Indiana. Camejo will be cam­ campaign headquarters in Detroit at (UAW), and they were anxious to hear candidate for president. paigning at plant gates, on unemploy- (313) 831-6135.

6 Revelations rock DaleY. machine Vast spy plot by Chicago police exposed By Tom O'Brien we wanted to send to the White House CHICAGO-:-Mounting revelations of and ask everybody to sign it,' he said." · police spying have rocked the adminis­ Another agent told the Daily News tration of Mayor Richard Daley in the that when the number of references on final week of the municipal election an individual's index card reached a campaign here. certain point, the person would be New disclosures about illegal police classified as a. "militant" and copies of activities are erupting almost every the file would be sent to the FBI and day. military intelligence. The life of the Cook County grand • Cover-up. Faced with growing jury investigating cop spying has been demands to turn these files over to the extended for up to seventeen months so victims, the "red squad" is destroying it can continue hearing testimony. or hiding many of them. Key records U.S. Rep. Ralph Metcalfe (D-Ill.), one were destroyed last April after they of the many Black politicians spied on, were requested in a federal court has called for a federal investigation hearing on an antidiscrimination suit by the General Accounting Office to brought by the Afro-American Patrol­ determine if federal funds were used by men's League, a police official admit­ the Chicago cops. ted in court March 26. U.S. Sen. Charles Percy (R-Ill.), The•. on January 20 a fire was set in ranking Republican on the Senate's a police headquarters file room to Government Operations Committee, make it appear that spy documents announced the committee would send had been accidentally destroyed, while its own investigators to Chicago. the documents were in fact being The following are some of the key hidden in another part of the building. revelations to date about activites of So far Daley's attitude has been, like the Chicago "red squad" and other Richard Nixon's before him, to brazen police units: Chicago cops in action against antiwar demonstrators in 1968. Their spy operation it out and deny any wrongdoing. He • Infiltration. Police agents infiltrat­ against dissidents included bugging, burglaries, and infiltration. has dismissed the revelations as "polit­ ed such community groups as Opera­ ical propaganda" and "yellow journal­ tion PUSH, Citizen's Action Program, to-twenty-page summary was sent to "One former police undercover agent ism,'' insisting that "I will stand and the Metropolitan Area Housing top police officials. who infiltrated a nonviolent antiwar behind whatever the police department Alliance, in some cases worming their • Wiretapping, burglaries. "We have group told The Daily News he often did." Besides, he added, the Chicago way into leadership positions. evidence that eavesdropping and a gathered names at meetings by circu­ cops were only doing what every police number of burglaries have been illegal­ lating petitions. department in the country was doing­ • Spying. Targets of secret police ly conducted by sworn officers of the "'I'd announce that we had a ban­ "what is outlined in the FBI manual surveillance included Black leaders, Chicago Police· Department," a source the-bomb petition or something that on police operations." socialists, antiwar activists, journal­ in the state's attorney's office told the ists, and seven aldermen who have Chicago Sun-Times. been critical of the Daley machine. Among those whose phones were The spy operation was so massive reportedly tapped was the Republican that four to six "analysts" were kept State's Attorney Bernard Carey him-, More ties between cops busy just compiling field reports from self. the "red squad." Daily logs were kept The March 24 Sun-Times reported and right-wing terrorists of the activities of groups under that "information in the police files CHICAGO-The most serious members received mailed death surveillance, and every week a fifteen- and from reliable sources showed that illegal action by Chicago police yet threats and anonymous threatening intelligence agents maintained a regu­ uncovered in the new revelations phone calls. lar liaison with the security section of was their organizing of a terrorist Daily News columnist Mike Roy­ Illinois Bell Telephone Co. and other attack against the offices of the ko provided more details March 25 large corporations." Socialist Workers party and Young on the cozy ·relations between the • Secret files. Police spy files con­ Socialist Alliance in 1969. police and the right-wing terrorists. tain personal information on thou­ The March 24 Chicago Daily The Smokey Hollow Tavern on sands of people who have never been News reported that the attack by the Northwest Side was used as accused of any crime. An elaborate the right-wing Legion of Justice, in Legion of Justice headquarters, indexing system makes the informa­ which four people were injured, was Royko was told by tavern owner tion readily available any time it is carried out "at the behest of' Steve Telow. Stolen records were requested by Daley, the FBI, or mili­ Chicago cops, while police agents in kept there for perusal by tl).e "red tary intelligence. unmarked cars waited outside to squad." The March 27 Daily News reported protect the attackers. how many names were obtained: "In In its March 29-30 issue, the In return, police gave the Legion some instances, police agents reported­ Daily News further revealed that access to their spy files. "Sure, I ly canvassed streets for several blocks YSA documents stolen in the as­ used to see police records,'' Telow around a building where radicals were sault were shared with the Minute­ said. "Why did I get to see them? meeting and copied down license men, a paramilitary right-wing Why not? I was fighting the powers numbers of parked cars.... outfit. of the left." "Other sources of information were The Minutemen "then published Telow wasn't worried about the mailing lists, contributor lists and ·· the names and addresses of 250 use of his. basement as a library of membership lists obtained from vari­ Young Socialists taken from stolen stolen goods. "Hell," he said, "we ous organizations . by police infiltra­ membership lists in its top secret were giving the intelligence unit tors, the Daily News learned. newsletter, 'On Target,'" the Daily information while the burglary unit Chicago Sun-Times/Mauldin "Sometimes police agents committed News reported. was supposed to be trying to catch 'Dis ain't spyin'-dis is pertecktin' de break-in~;~ to obtain such information, As a result, it said, many YSA the people who stole it." people' informants alleged. Election board denies SWP case on disclosure By Suzanne Haig addresses to add to this harassment Lance Haddix, attorney for the ment as "trivia." He cynically argued CHICAGO-At a March 25 public campaign." Socialist Workers campaign commit­ that for the board to grant an exemp­ hearing, the Illinois State Board of Vowing to continue the fight for tee, argued against this arbitrary tion would mean going beyond its Elections denied the Socialist Workers freedom of political association, Reid structure of the hearing. He stressed authority in the same way other campaign committee exemption from said her campaign committee's next that the key questions were the First government agencies exceed their turning over to the government the step would be to file suit in fed.eral Amendment rights of SWP campaign authority by harassing the SWP. names and addresses of people who court challenging the constitutionality supporters and the right to privacy. Reid told news media after the contribute more that $150 to the cam­ of the Illinois disclosure law as applied Reid testified about police and right­ hearing that Fletcher was trying to paign. to the SWP. wing harassment of the SWP and its equate government acts that would Willie Mae Reid, Socialist Workers The board of elections based its campaign contributors. She said that protect democratic rights with those party candidate for mayor, condemned decision on a technicality, claiming it the disclosure law, passed with the that deny democratic rights. the board's ruling as a "flagrant did not have the authority to grant supposed purpose of curbing the cor­ "What lies beneath his twisted logic violation of constitutional rights." such an exemption. Moreover, by rupting influence of big money in is the same old double standard,'' she "There is overwhelming evidence scheduling the public hearing in two politics, "has absolutely no relevance said. "These agencies are 'flexible' that SWP campaign supporters have parts, the first dealing only with this to the contributions given to the when it comes to bending the laws to been the victims of systematic surveil­ technical question, the board avoided Socialist Workers campaign." suit the rich, but they interpret the law lance and harassment by federal and testimony on harassment and thus Attorney John Fletcher, who repre­ in the most rigid way possible when it Chicago police agencies,'' Reid said. effectively prohibited any discussion of sented the board of elections, dismis­ comes to protecting a group advocat­ "We cannot turn over new names and the real issues. sed the documented record of harass- ing social change."

THE MILITANT/APRIL 11, 1975 7 Hillery speaks to issues in Mpls. mayor race By Jane Van Deusen the City Council, has increased the MINNEAPOLIS-Mary Hillery an­ property tax 15%. He has approved nounced her candidacy for mayor of appropriations of millions of dollars to Minneapolis on the Socialist Workers beautify the Nicollet Mall, so Daytona · party ticket, at a rally of 100 people and other big businesses can rake in here March 15. She blasted Democratic profits, while housing and educational Mayor Albert Hofstede and the city facilities in this city are left to rot." council for their silence about, and Hillery stated that more people than refusal to deal with, the critical prob­ ever before are supporting the socialist lems facing the citizens of this city. alternative and that her campaign for "I challenge Hofstede and all of my mayor will help to bring working opponents to take on the real political people together in "our common fight issues and tell the voters of Minneapo­ against the ruling rich." lis where the Democrats and Republi­ The SWP also announced its candi­ cans stand," she said. dates for city council and school board "The issues," she continued, "are at the· rally. Gary Prevost, Joanne jobs, high prices, racism, education, Murphy, and Ralph Schwartz will run and cops. for city· council in the Fifth, Eighth, "By cops I mean the police appara­ and Second wards, respectively. Holly tus which stretches from Vietnam to Harkness will run for school board. Palestine to Chile. I also mean cop Prevost spoke to the rally about the frame-ups of American Indian Move­ SWP's fight for democratic rights. PREVOST: Vowed continued struggle ment leaders and cop brutality in the "We will not allow this city govern­ against government harassment of streets of Minneapolis. And I mean the ment to attack our right to get out our HILLERY: 'The issues are jobs, socialists. FBI cops, who read the mail of the prices, racism, education, and cops.' socialist ideas," he said. "We will not SWP, tap our phones, infiltrate our allow them to stop the sales of the organization, and inspire right-wing Militant on the streets of this city. proVIsions, and we will fight to win groups to harass and terrorize our In her campaign platform, Hillery "In 1974 we presented massive once again." supporters." calls for "replac{ing] the existing police evidence to the State Ethics Commis­ Peter Camejo, SWP candidate for She attacked Hofstede's campaign to force in the Black and Indian commu­ sion proving our case that our party is U.S. president, sent greetings to the spend more taxpayers' money to in­ nities with units selected and super­ harassed by government agencies. We rally congratulating the Twin Cities crease the police force. vised by the people in these communi­ had refused to give the state the names SWP on the kickoff of their 1975 "The Minneapolis police are respon­ ties." of our campaign contributors, showing campaign. sible for more -cases of police brutality Hillery's platform also points out that they would only become new More than $1,600 was collected to on the streets of this city than are ever that Hofstede has participated in targets for FBI harassment. We won help launch the socialist campaign. brought to the public's attention," she attacking the living standards of the that fight. We will be fighting in 1975 Two people joined the Young Socialist said. people of Minneapolis. "He, along with to be exempted from the disclosure Alliance at the end of the rally. SWP candidate backs of Black students By Ernest Mailhot Perk and the city police," said Gauv­ the schools. CLEVELAND-At a March 21 news reau, "that no amount of intimidation, "These steps, if implemented," said conference in front of Collinwood High no agents sent into the Young Socialist Gauvreau, "would be an attack on School, Christine Gauvreau announced Alliance, will force us to back down Cleveland's student population and her candidacy for Cleveland School one inch from our support to Collin­ would serve to foster more racist Board on the Socialist Workers party wood's Black students. My campaign violence against Black students." She ticket. Gauvreau also disclosed that will focus on this issue." pointed out that last year, when a fight city police, in complicity with Case She also declared that she would broke out between Black and white Western Reserve University police, had march in Boston on May 17 in the students at Collinwood High School, placed an informer in the Young national demonstration against racism cops removed their badges and joined Socialist Alliance. called by the NAACP. in beating up Black students. Robert Denton, a student at Case The candidate demanded an end to "The Socialist Workers party calls Western Reserve, recently admitted all illegal attempts by the city adminis­ for extending student rights," she said. that while he was working as a tration and campus cops to disrupt the "We believe that students should have building guard at the school, the act!vities of the YSA. She further the same rights as all other American campus cops suggested his name to the demanded that the city officials release citizens, including the right of free city police, who then recruited him to police files that have been compiled on speech and the right to form political spy on the YSA. He said that his members of the YSA and other radical organizations in their schools." superiors were most concerned about organizations. The candidate demanded the "re­ the YSA's activities in defense of Black Gauvreau referred to a recent speech moval of cops from Collinwood, the students at Collinwood High School. by school board president Arnold arrest of those guilty of racist crimes The school has been the scene of Pinkney, in which he presented his against the Black students," and the racist violence against Blacks, includ­ plan for the schools. It included a "stop removal of Collinwood's principal ing the murder of a Black student, and frisk" policy, the use of expulsions, "who should be replaced by someone David Britton. defending teachers who "discipline" Gauvreau denounced police brutality chosen by the Black students, parents, "We are serving notice on Mayor their students; and more police around against Cleveland Black students. and faculty." LA. socialists vow Nazis won't stop campaign By John Gattuso the few groups that put politics in a movement that will fight for -a society LOS ANGELES-Eighty supporters larger perspective. based on human needs instead of the of the Socialist Workers party election John Trudell, national chairperson profits of a few. campaign attended a Westside Los of the American Indian Movement Laurel Nickel, SWP candidate for Angeles campaign rally and vowed (AIM), spoke about AIM's struggle to Los Angeles City Council Seat Six, that right-wing terrorism and harass­ defend the human rights of Native discussed the party's proposal for a ment would not deter them from Americans and about the govern- "Bill of Rights for Working People." reaching out to the people of Los ment's attempts to stop this struggle. She said that the right to such things Angeles and winning them to the · He pointed to the recent revelation of as a job, free medical care, and a presidential campaign of Peter Camejo an FBI informer in the AIM leader- secure retirement would have to be and Willie Mae Reid. ship. won in struggle just as the original Bill Nazis here have publicly boasted Ed Heisler, . cochairperson of the of Rights was won. that they bombed the Central-East Socialist Workers 1976 National Cam- "At the very moment that the SWP campaign headquarters and have paign Committee, spoke about the government is hypocritically eulogiz­ predicted that police would not arrest deepening economic crisis. He stressed ing the rebels of 1776 for the bicenten­ them. the need to fight for a shorter work- nial," she said, "they are using the FBI Donald Freed, author of Executive week with no reduction in pay as a and the CIA to take away the rights Action, spoke at the rally, praising the Author Donald Freed praised SWP solution to the problem of unemploy- those revolutionaries fought for." SWP for not knuckling under to the determination to stop right-wing ment. He urged campaign supporters Campaign supporters pledged $1,400 right-wing attack and for being one of terrorists. to join in building a mass socialist to help finance the socialist campaign.

8 ...VIetnam: cities fall without a Continued from page 1 Vietnamese to come in and restore breaks up. On March 26 Kissinger This month is also the tenth anniver­ order." lamented, "We have gone through the sary of the first nationwide demonstra­ In the meantime, Nhan Dan, the experience of Vietnam, through the tion in the United States against the Communist party newspaper in Hanoi, anguish of Watergate. And I think the Vietnam War, which was held in published a page of pictures from Hue cumulative effect of nearly a decade of Washington, D.C., in April 1965. The showing soldiers and civilians casual­ domestic upheaval is beginning . . . to public opinion that Johnson and his ly strolling in the streets. At a March take its toll." successors had so much contempt and 29 news conference, representatives of hatred for, combined with the tenacity the Provisional Revolutionary Govern­ Power of antiwar movement of the Vietnamese, eventually forced ment (PRG) told reporters that peace Kissinger's reference to "nearly a the U.S. rulers to bring the troops and calm have returned to the liberat­ decade of domestic upheaval" is a home from Vietnam. ed areas, in sharp contrast to the grudging admission of the power of the Today, as city after city falls to the pandemonium elsewhere. Shops have American antiwar movement. The liberation forces without a fight, the reopened, and thousands of refugees gains currently being made by the victories being won by the Vietnamese have returned to their homes. Vietnamese revolution are due first of are victories for all humanity. PRG officials urged all fleeing refu­ all to the heroism of the Vietnamese gees to return home, and promised people, who have persevered in their 'A rout' "every assistance to these people to struggle for decades in the face of "A rout beyond our wildest fears" earn an honest living." Washington's hellish intervention. was the way one military analyst in Saigon hardly seems to be in a But the fact that the U.S. rulers no Saigon summed up events in South position to do the same right now. longer feel able to use B-52s and Vietnam over the past three weeks. Weinraub reported April 1 that "the napalm, let alone combat troops, to It is estimated that half of the 1.1 situation in the nation was deteriorat­ prop up their Vietnamese puppet is million-man Saigon army has either ing so rapidly that Government troops . also a victory for those millions who deserted, been captured by the libera­ in Cam Ranh Bay, which was surging marched in antiwar protests in the tion forces, or disintegrated as a with panicky refugees, were firing on United States and around the world. fighting force. American helicopters and chartered The frustration in ruling circles was "The abandonment of hundreds of aircraft seeking to land. indicated by the former chairman of artillery pjeces, .· trucks, planes, mor­ "Some American and Western offi­ the joint chiefs of staff, Gen. William tars, tanks, armored personnel carri­ cials are terming the overall situation Westmoreland, when he said March 28: ers, rifles and ammunition-coupled as one of panic and some anarchy, and "I never recommended it when I was with the rapid retreat of army units-is say that the North Vietnamese are involved, but who knows, when the viewed by Vietnamese and Western surging through the nation with only total history is written it just might sources as a stunning and, quite sporadic resistance. The Communists show that the use of several small­ possibly irreversible military and psy­ are taking areas near Saigon and port yield nuclear weapons at some early chological blow for South Vietnam," enclaves virtually by default." point conceivably could have put an wrote Bernard Weinraub in the March In other -cities, wrote Weinraub, end to the whole thing and caused less 29 New York Times. things were no better for the Saigon suffering.· ..." So thorough has been the collapse forces. "Reports from Nha Trang Also peddling a solution was the and demoralization of the Saigon yesterday painted a picture of panic," New York Times, whose editors called forces that the liberation fighters have he said, "with . . . soldiers firing in the for the replacement of the Thieu been able to take over three-quarters of air and looting." regime and "the re-opening of negotia­ South Vietnam, including four of the tions within the framework of the five largest cities, without a single U.S. airlift Paris accord." major battle. With the regime that Washington But the disintegration of Saigon's Militant/Ron Payne The situation in Da Nang was had lavished so much blood and authority in one province after another Washington has not sent troops and typical of what happened in other money on in its death throes, the Ford was not due to the rottenness of Thieu bombers to prop up Saigon regime cities further south. Thieu's panic­ administration found itself with its alone. It represented the fact that the again because it tears revival of antiwar stricken soldiers opened fire on de­ hands tied. AI! airlift of military Saigon regime as a whole, and all of movement on an even more massive fenseless refugees in their desperation supplies to Saigon was initiated, but as the politicians who are associated with scale than in late 1960s and early 1970s. to get onto evacuation transports. One one retired general said, reflecting on it, were propped up for years solely by hundred thousand troops were left the recent performance of Thieu's U.S. military might. · behind. Many among them raped, legions, "We may find out that all we The capitalist-landlord clique in looted, and murdered the civilian have done is to provide the North Saigon, regardless of who its topmost Hanoi now admit that the demoraliza­ population. "Troops in the grip of Vietnamese with some expensive mili­ leaders happen to be, is incapable of tion of the South Vietnamese army hysteria opened fire indiscriminately," tary hardware." solving any of the problems facing the was much greater than they expected." an Agence France-Presse dispatch Equally futile was the dispatch of Vietnamese people or of generating Nevertheless, Hanoi and the PRG reported, "and bodies of men, women U.S. ships to Da Nang. Hanoi de­ any mass support. continue tO call for negotiations with a and children lay sprawled in the nounced the operation, saying that The analysts and commentators in Saigon government without Thieu, and streets, killed by random shooting." Washington's real concern was to try the employ of the capitalist media for the implementation of the Paris Malcolm Browne described in the to save government troops along the have tried to fix the blame for the accords. These accords, which were March 31 New York Times how "the coast as a means of bolstering Sai­ Saigon collapse on misleadership. signed under the combined pressure of commander of the whole northern gon's forces. They talk about Thieu's indecisive­ U.S. bombing and political arm­ region, Lieut. Gen. Ngo Quang Truong, The fear of how the American people ness, about the fact that the decision to twisting from Moscow and Peking, spent his final day on a boat off the Da would react to the renewed use of U.S. shorten Saigon's lines of defense was were designed to maintain a system in Nang coast, watching helplessly as his military might in Vietna~ has forced not adequately explained and was which power in South Vietnam was to renegade army roared through the Ford and Kissinger to stand by while carried out too abruptly, and about the be shared between the PRG and the dying city, waiting for the North the imperialist base in Indochina corruption and cowardice of the, top capitalist-landlord regime in Saigon. military leaders. Drew Middleton, after drawing at­ But these are all symptoms of the tention to the lack of major pressure as fact that this regime has no base of yet in the Saigon area by PRG and support anywhere but in Washington, North Vietnamese forces, wrote in the D.C. Its army is made up of unwilling March 28 New York Times: conscripts and mercenaries; its leaders "North Vietnamese tactics in the are for sale to the highest bidder; it capital sector may also be influenced rules through terror and coercion. by political considerations. Some offi­ South Vietnam has been preserved as cers believe that Hanoi, after winning a separate entity for as long as it has positions from which an assault can be only by the grace of the U.S. govern­ launched and stepping up harassment ment. of the suburbs, will delay in the hope The rapidly spreading disintegration that President Nguyen Van Thieu's of the proimperialist government in Government will be ousted and peace South Vietnam has been compared to ·can be made with a caretaker regime." the events in China in 1949, when the This view was also taken by Thora­ Chiang Kai-shek armies collapsed. In val, who wrote: "It is noteworthy that the case of Vietnam, however, even Hanoi and the Vietcong have stated more than in China, the capitalist recently that the last act in the regime has been a creature of imperi~- Vietnamese drama would be a political­ ism without any social base. · settlement based on the 1973 Paris cease-fire agreements following the departure of President Thieu." . Hanoi surprised However, even if the PRG and Hanoi In a dispatch from Hanoi March 31, would like to reach a new compromise Agence France-Presse correspondent with Saigon, the decomposition of the Jean Thoraval noted, "The breath­ proimperialist forces and the expan­ taking swiftness of the fall of entire sion of territory under PRG control is South Vietnamese provinces in the ,Proceeding at such a rate that their past three weeks has been almost as ability to do this is questionable. All big a surprise to North Vietnamese indications are that they are being officials as to strategists in Saigon or pulled along by events that have Thieu's soldiers retreating toward Saigon. Saigon dictatorship has no base of Washington. . . . resulted in a growing power vacuum support anywhere but in Washington. "Even the most skeptical officials in that only the PRG and Hanoi can fill.

THE MILITANT/APRIL 11, 1975 9 In Our Opinion Letters

Right-wing terror community at large. The right to an Tax cut fraud: I was alarmed to read of the equal education for black people . . . is disruptive and terror tactics used by meeting a serious challenge in Boston right-wing elements in an attempt to today. It is a challenge that must be .no depression cure silence through threat and met and overcome. intimidation Juan Carlos Coral's tour "We . . . add our voices to the many There's nothing wrong with getting back $100 from the in Chicago. [See the March 21 around the country who are supporting federal government-it doesn't happen very often. A $50 bonus Militant.] the struggle for desegregation and to older people living on Social Security is even rarer. · I am appalled by this action and can equal education.... We endorse the But that is all that can be said in favor of the tax bill passed very much relate with the U.S. call by the NAACP for a massive, Committee for Justice to Latin peaceful demonstration in Boston on by Congress last week and signed into law by President Ford American Political Prisoners (USLA) May 17, and we urge other unions to do over the weekend. in their efforts to defend themselves so as well." The new tax law contains minimal doles for working people. against such right-wing elements. I At that same meeting, Local590 also A family with two children making about $10,000 a year will have been in the past, and will endorsed the April 26 demonstration receive a tax rebate and a cut in 1975 taxes, totaling $258 continue to be in the future, a target of for jobs called by the Industrial Union altogether. such blind hatred from such Department of the AFL-CIO. That won't do much for the family's income. It won't do much reactionary sectors in Chicago and Jon Flanders elsewhere. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to make up lost wages for those who have been laid off. It won't The sad part about this is that with close the gap between income and rising prices. the present state of the economy, such And it won't do much for the U.S. economy either. The New groups are beginning to grow. But York Times admitted March 30: "The tax reductions of 1946, along with that so is the revolutionary More May 17 support 1947, 1948 and 1964 were all appreciably larger than the present commitment of those whose The New England Gay Conference, one, when compared either with the size of the national consciousness has undergone a rude over 600 men and women meeting in economy or with the percentage by which Federal tax awakening during this decade. Provincetown, Massachusetts, voted collections were reduced." It is no nightmare, it is the real on March 16 to endorse the NAACP's thing; and we must begin to mobilize call for a national march on Boston on The truth of the matter is that the new tax bill is a political and stand up against these ever­ May 17 in support of school gimmick. Its aim is to fool the American people into believing increasing reactionary forces. I pledge desegregation. the government is doing something about the depression. my full support to USLA and their The conference also voted to support But the actual effect of this tax bill, amounting to a stimulus struggle for democratic freedom and the defense of Dr. Kenneth Edelin, a of less than $25 billion, will be almost negligible. human rights. · Black doctor convicted of Today the manufacturing economy is operating at only 70 Hasta la Victoria Siempre. manslaughter for performing a legal percent of its potential productive capacity. It is producing a Ricardo Parra abortion, and to uphold the rights of those who refuse to testify about their Gross National Product of about $1,400 billion. If manufactur­ Executive director Mid- West Council of La Raza personal life-styles in the FBI's search ing were up to 100 percent of capacity, total p~oduction would be Notre Dame, Indiana for alleged bank robbers Susan Saxe about $2,000 billion. This means that the difference between and Cathy Powers. what the economy is producing now and what it could produce The theme of the weekend conference if plants were fully operating is some $600 billion. was "Unity in Action." The program What a terrible waste of h~man and technical resources! Good perspective included workshops and seminars on The pitiful $22.8 billion tax bill won't close this gap. It shows I find that since the Militant ceased women, the Black and Third World that the U.S. government does not intend to turn the economy here, the reporting of news is left to communities, youth and aging, liars. I respect and support your efforts legislation, media action, film, religion, around. The rulers of. this country believe they can get away and I need your perspective (truth). and more. with even higher unemployment levels. They are willing to risk Enclosed is ten dollars for a one-year Ken Withers a world depression. They think that they can cover their tracks subscription. Keep the change. Boston, Massachusetts by giving away a eouple of hundred dollars here and there. W.P. And President Ford made it crystal clear in his speech on the Mason, Kentucky tax bill that he opposes any increases in government spending for job programs or for any other kind of soeial welfare. "We Red-baiting must move to reduce federal spending in every way we can," the I was at the National Student president proclaimed. Women's conference Conference Against Racism in Boston It is a cruel and cynical contradiction that at the very time Ford More than 1,000 women participated [February 14-16], and I witnessed the talks about slashing fe"deral spending for human needs, the in a Spring Women's Conference for unsuccessful attempts by certain International Women's Year, held White House proposes squandering more billions of dollars to groups to disrupt the proceedings. March 20-22 in St. Cloud, Minnesota. The tactic of red-baiting, used by salvage the crumbling military dictatorships in Saigon and The conference was sponsored by a Pnompenh. Right now Ford has bills before Congress asking these groups, has been thoroughly variety of unions, church groups, and discredited both on the conference floor for increases in U.S. military programs all over the world. community groups. and in the pages of the Militant. If the The inadequacy of the tax bill makes it all the more clear that There were almost forty workshops explanations there are not enough, the it will take a massive, independent struggle by working people on a broad variety of topics, such as new Cointelpro documents should to win jobs for the unemployed. day care, breast cancer, women's convince anyone of who it is that history, women in the labor market, benefits from red-baiting. An immediate focal point for this struggle is the upcoming and equal rights in the St. Cloud April 26 "Rally for Jobs Now" in Washington, D.C., called by Bill Robinson area. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania the AFL-CIO Industrial Union Department. Every trade A group of about twenty "right-to­ unionist who wants to take action against the layoffs should lifers" protested outside the conference pitch in and work for the largest possible turnout April 26 of site against the inclusion of the union members, the unemployed, and labor's allies who are also National Organization for Women Just didn't know it suffering from the depression. (NOW). They passed out a leaflet that Please renew my subscription. I hope claimed, "N.O.W. promotes killer Despite the limited program advanced by rally organizers, that I may be able to contribute mothers." Despite their protest, the something for this service in the near this demonstration can be a powerful display of opposition to banquet room was filled to standing­ unemployment and the government's failure to act. It can be a future. I enjoy the Militant very much, room-only for the address of NOW's and, as I am the only one in this jail to way to directly demand that the government halt its program to national president, Karen DeCrow. receive it, I make it my business to drive down the standard of living of working people. Elaine Onasch pass it onward after I read it. What is needed is jobs now-it's that simple. Even the most Minneapolis, Minnesota In the one-and-one-half years that I ambitious bills put forward by the Democrats in Congress talk have been receiving the Militant, I about providing one million jobs at most-that is, less than 10 have not been converted to socialism. I percent of those unemployed right now. That's not enough. have always been a socialist and The government should immediately launch an emergency May 17 & April 26 didn't know it-until the Militant Local 590 of the American revealed it to me. public works program across the land to hire all the unemploy­ Federation of State, County and A prisoner ed and finally start build the homes, schools, hospitals, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) Kentucky mass transportation and other facilities that are so desperately adopted, at its March 25 general needed. membership meeting, resolutions They have the money. Washington spends it day after day on endorsing the May 17 march on Boston missiles, bombs, and tanks. People are being killed every day for school desegregation and the April Thanks because of these gigantic war expenditures. 26 march on Washington for jobs. I would like to renew my End the military spending! The May 17 resolution said in part: subscription for the Militant "As union members we recognize that immediately. You have my gratitude Launch a massive public works program now! one of the products of today's economic for making it possible for a prisoner That's the answer to Ford's tax bill, and April 26 provides an crisis is the erosion of human rights, who's not financially able to obtain excellent opportunity to give it to him. whether it be on the job or in the your interesting intellectual

10 Women In Revolt Linda Jenness •·•

newspaper. And I hope one day I'm International abortion fight able to contribute some funds to expanding the success of this beautiful Dr. Henry Morgentaler, a Canadian physician who The court's ruling was met with large protests educating paper. has been the focus of the fight for abortion rights in throughout West Germany. If possible, will you publish this Canada for almost two years, lost his appeal to the • In spite of a new law legalizing abortions in the letter? I would like others to know your Supreme Court of Canada and is expected to begin first ten. weeks of pregnancy in France, many French concern for unfortunate prisoners. It's serving an eighteen-month prison sentence. Morgen­ doctors still refuse to perform abortions. certainly a great newspaper. taler, an outspoken defender of women's right to On March 7, a group of doctors, along with 150 A prisoner choose abortion, was convicted for performing an women from the Movement for Freedom of Abortion Missouri abortion in September 1973. and Contraception (MLAC), confronted doctors at a Prior to his conviction, Morgentaler operated an Paris hospital who refused to perform abortions. The [The Militant's special Prisoner abortion clinic in Montreal where he performed abortion-rights doctors took over two rooms and Fund makes it possible for us to send thousands of abortions. His case has been a battle performed abortions for seven women who had been complimentary or reduced-rate between the abortion-rights movement on one hand, refused abortions by the hospitals. subscriptions to prisoners who can't and the reactionary "right-to-life" movement and the • In Switzerland on March 8, 900 people marched in pay for them. To help out, send your Canadian government on the other. Tessin and 300 in Bern demanding that the Swiss contribution to: Militant Prisoner Fund, 14 Charles Lane, New York, The March 26 decision by the Canadian court, which government change the anti-abortion laws in that New York 10014.] upheld Morgentaler's conviction, is a setback for the country. Canadian abortion-rights movement. The decision • Women trade unionists in Britain have added essentially upholds the conservative interpretation of their voices to those protesting attempts by the British Canada's abortion law, which permits a doctor to government ·to restrict abortion rights. TWo hundred Yes, SIR perform an abortion only in a licensed hospital and fifty delegates to the Trades Union Congress (TUC) A group of Gis here have formed a only after a special committee of doctors has agreed women's conference on March 14 voted overwhelming­ GI-rights group called Soldiers for that "the continuation of the pregnancy would be ly in favor of a resolution calling for abortion on Individual Rights (SIR), and we've likely to endanger" the woman's "life or health." demand. begun to organize ourselves in order .to Following on the heels of the conviction of Dr. • Major battles over the right to abortion are also defend our rights. Kenneth Edelin, a Black physician in Boston, for either under way or developing in Italy, Portugal, All members of the armed forces, as performing a legal abortion, the ruling in Morgental­ Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. citizens of the United States, are er's case emphasizes the international character of the The international aspect of the abortion-rights guaranteed the right to freedom of offensive by the "right-to-life" movement. It also struggle makes the week of protests called in this speech and assembly. The army has no emphasizes the need for' an international response by country to "Defend Dr. Edelin, Defend Abortion right to take away these civil liberties supporters of abortion rights. Rights" set for April 27-May 3 all the more important. or to victimize Gis for exercising them. Women in countries around the world are centering The "right-to-life" movement, led by the Catholic As soldiers defending the Constitution their efforts on the fight to win, or to defend, their church hierarchy, is an international one, and our with our very lives, we have more of a right to abortion. response must be international too. right than anyone to discuss war, • In February, the West German Constitutional The April 27-May 3 activities-teach-ins, panels, racism, and the military in general. Court overturned a law permitting abortion on debates, rallies, and marches-can help educate Our civilian working-class demand during the first twelve weeks of pregnancy. Americans about the international struggle, and at the counterparts can form unions and go on strike to better their standard of Although 59 percent of the West German population same time show women in other countries that living. Yet the minute we entered the had in a recent poll declared themselves in favor of the American women do not plan to retreat one inch. In military, we forfeited all the rights that law permitting abortion, the court ruled that "every­ particular, the American abortion-rights movement most people have come to expect. one [fetus] shall have the right to life and inviolability should join with our Canadian neighbors in demand­ Washington can send us halfway of person." ing that Dr. Henry Morgentaler be set free. around the globe to fight and die in their dirty, undeclared wars. Yet we, the people doing the fighting, aren't even allowed to get together and discuss the reasons for that war. By Any Means Necessary Instead of taking the army's intimidating tactics on our knees, we've decided to fight back on our feet. Baxter Smith We would like to get together with other Gis and concerned civilians. Anyone who w~nts to know more about SIR can contact us at P.O. Box 400, Killeen, Texas 76545. Once again the brass is worried A GI Moping 'n' fretting-that evil ole ailment has got the that rising unemployment was producing a dispropor­ Texas military brass under the weather again. tionate number of Black enlistees. But "as for the The navy caught it a couple years back and they Army becoming all-black," he wrote, "these fears have were really in a fix. You see, somebody got mad proved unfounded, although total black enlisted The big bite because the navy's enlisted ranks in 1970 had only 6 content has increased to about 22.5 per cent." percent Blacks and Annapolis was still using two cups Black reenlistment is 52.2 percent, Hill says, while My son's fourth-grade social studies of concentrated All, with three magic brighteners, on white reenlistment is 30.9 percent. textbook has a passage about fishing its graduating class. in a chapter on natural resources. The But that's okay-and maybe even an asset, accord­ teacher asked the following set So the brass hung out a shiny new sign, "You can be ing to Hill. "While black content of the Army is higher question, based on the book: "Why do Black and Navy too," and tried on a fancy program to than in the general population, this is probably a most people fish?" My son, a great recruit Blacks. reflection of that group's awareness of the fairness fishing enthusiast, answered­ It seemed to work-at least they were signing up and equal opportunities available in the Army." naturally enough-"for food." Wrong! more Black recruits. But some of those recruits must Ahem. The correct answer, "For profit." not have understood English too well, because by 1972 Now, newspaper people like those at the Times are It might be called "hooking them they were revolting against what they swore were the often a cagey lot and if the part calls for a tragedy young." navy's anti-Black practices aboard the Constellation mask, they surely won't don a comedy mask. Obvious­ T.F. and Kitty Hawk. ly the Times didn't think Hill's letter was sufficient, Evansville, Indiana The program got such an ugly mess spilled on it that because they did a column-length article on the subject in 1973 the navy had to take it off. Besides, it didn't fit and put it on a page facing a story quoting FBI chief very well anyway. Clarence Kelley on the problem of ensuring domestic Now, the army didn't catch moping 'n' fretting as order. bad as the navy did, but its brass is fidgety, nonethe­ Considering the situation in Cambodia, the Middle less, because criticism has recently swooped down on East, Portugal, and South Vietnam, and considering The letters column is an open the generals' heads like a wild dive bomber. rising prices, mounting layoffs, and growing labor forum for all viewpoints on sub­ You see, Black faces, the kind the navy about-faced unrest, maybe the editors at the Times are getting a jects of general interest to our from, were the only faces some people could see in the little jumpy. readers. Please keep your letters combat units of the two-year-old volunteer army, and brief. Where necessary they will so they complained to the brass. Maybe they don't think a Black army will want to be abridged. Please indicate if Those characters marching around under tin hats your name may be used or if you fight in Cambodia, the Middle East, Portugal, or again with tommy guns down at Fort Jackson, South prefer that your initials be used in South Vi-etnam. instead. Carolina, were just masquerading as an army. Maybe they don't think a Black army will want to Because you can't have an all-Black army. In white put down unrest at home. racist America? "It's a contradiction in terms," they Maybe they don't think a Black army will want to were griping in private. keep putting up with racist discrimination.. · So Gordon Hill, the army's information officer, had Maybe they don't think a Black army will want to to respond in public. follow any orders at all that don't sound okay. He dropped a note to the New York Times admitting Maybe they're right.

THE MILITANT/APRIL 11, 1975 11 'Ever~one is welcome' Nat'l march for jobs wins growing support By Gene Anderson agreed to help pay for the cost of buses Support is growing nationally for the to Washington. April 26 "Rally for Jobs Now" in Plans are well under way in New Washington, D.C., called by the Indus­ York City to tum out thousands of trial Union Department of the AFL­ union members on April 26. Four CIO. hundred buses, each seating an aver­ International Association of Machin­ age of forty-five people, and four ists (lAM) President Floyd Smith has special trains, each with a capacity of called on all lAM districts and locals 900, have already been reserved. in the eastern United States to "take Some of the biggest locals in District part in a massive bus-in to Washing­ Council 37 have decided to pay the ton, D.C., next month to demonstrate transportation costs for all of their labor's demand for emergency action members who want to attend. Accord­ to provide Jobs Now," reports the ing to the March 28 issue of Public latest issue of the machinists' news­ Employee Press, newspaper of District paper. Council 37, the New York unions are "We need a big turnout to dramatize preparing advertisements for the ma­ to the American people, the White jor daily papers, buttons, and thou­ House and Congress the urgency we sands of leaflets. feel about the nation's economic plight Officials of District 1199, National with more than 10% of blue collar Union of Hospital and Health Care workers unemployed," Smith stated. Employees, have set a goal of bringing Jerry Wurf, president of the Ameri­ 10 percent of the union's 60,000 New can Federation of State, County and York members to Washington. Tables Municipal Employees (AFSCME), has are being set up in the hospital sent a message to every AFSCME lOcal cafeterias to sign up District 1199 urging them to tum mit for April ·26. members for tickets. AFSCME District Council 37 in New York was the main initiator of the A "March on Washington" leaflet labor march on Washington. printed by the New York unions states: The executive council of the Ameri­ "Everyone is welcome-if you're work­ can Federation of Teachers has voted ing or unemployed, Democrat or Repu­ to support the action, and the United blican, union member or not, business­ Federation of Teachers (AFT Local 2) man, housewife, student, retired, or in New York is reportedly chartering Public Employee Press whatever-come with us." dozens of buses. New York City unions are preparing buttons, 'leaflets, and advertisements in major The leaflet calls on the government Although the building-trades wing of daily newspapers to mobilize participation in April 26 march. · to act immediately to "Provide r!!al the AFL-CIO officialdom has for the jobs at real pay for the unemployed. most part stayed aloof from the demon­ Jobs to meet needs that are not being stration, Painters President S. Frank munity organizations was held March also took part in the meeting. The met now-in health, housing, educa­ Raftery is supporting it, so painters' 24, called by the Ad Hoc Committee for April 26 demonstration has been tion, environment, child-care, etc." locals around the country may be open April 26. Seventy-five people attended announced by Rev. Jesse Jackson, Public Employee Press also reports to joining in. at the headquarters of the Hotel and head of Operation PUSH, over the that the New York and New Jersey Except for New York City, where Restaurant Workers, including mem­ group's radio program.. union contingents will stage a march preparations for the march have gone bers of the United Auto Workers, Also on March 24, the Boston chap­ down Independence A venue from the furthest, the official endorsements of AFSCME, United Steelworkers, United ter of the Coalition of Labor Union Capitol to Robert F. Kennedy Stadium, the April 26 action are just beginning Electrical Workers, and the Textile Women voted to endorse the rally and where the AFL-CIO sponsored rally to be translated into actual mobiliza­ Workers Union. "work with local union committees to _ will be held. tion of union members to attend. In Sylvia Kushner of the Chicago Peace organize support from this area." In New York, further information is some areas local union members have Council announced that four or five In Philadelphia, the executive board available from New York Coalition to been able to get the ball rolling. buses have already been reserved from of AFSCME Local 590, meeting April Support the March on Washington, 140 In Chicago, a meeting of trade Chicago. 1, decided to set up a committee to Park Place, New York, New York unionists, consumer groups, and com- A representative of Operation PUSH build participation in the rally. It also 10007; telephone (212) 766-1993. LA. unions demonstrate against unemployment By Harry Ring build the action, accounting for the disputes and held ·rallies for political ture being distributed here that does not LOS ANGELES-About a thousand relatively small turnout. candidates. But the concept of calling reflect the views of the Los Angeles unionists participated in a jobs demon­ But the significance of the action thousands of workers to take to the labor movement. We have no common stration here March 26. The march and was pointed up by Los Angeles Times streets in support of generalized politi­ cause with Trotskyites, Maoists, or the rally were organized by the Los An­ labor writer Harry Bernstein in a cal demands has not won formal·labor supporters of the Soviet Union. I geles County Federation of Labor and March 25 article announcing the dem­ federation backing since the 1930s." should make it clear that this does not supported by several independent un­ onstration. Los Angeles has never been a strong ·belong to us, and we have nothing to ions, including the United Auto Work­ "For decades," Bernstein wrote, union town and the union bureaucrats do with it." ers and the United Electrical Workers. " 'Establishment' uriions have scorned here are somewhat more conservative Despite the dim view taken by The demonstration was intended as demonstrations dealing with issues than average. This was apparent from Arywitz, some seventy-five copies of a follow-up to a similar action held by such as jobs, but growing unemploy­ the speeches, which in most cases the Militant were sold at the rally, the California Labor Federation at the· ment rates generally have reversed offered virtually nothing in the way of along with five subscriptions. Hun­ state capitol in Sacramento March 8. that policy." meaningful, specific action to combat dreds of copies of the Los Angeles As with that demonstration, the union Bernstein added: "Unions have long unemployment. Socialist Workers platform were distri­ officialdom here did little to effectively put on picket line protests in labor A variety of union officials and buted, along with the SWP national politicians, including Mayor Tom election broohure, "A Bill of Rights for Bradley, addressed the rally. They Working People." As at other labor favored full employment. gatherings, this was received with Among the speakers was Ruth Mill­ particular interest. er, of the Amalgamated Clothing While Bradley was addressing the Workers, who spoke on behalf of the rally, members of the Socialist Workers contingent from the Coalition of Labor party passed out copies of an open Union Women. letter to him concerning the February 4 With the official jobless rate for Los bombing of the SWP campaign head­ Angeles near 10 percent, the demands quarters. that evoked the most response were The letter noted that in an interview those focusing on federal aid to the in the March 21 Los Angeles Free unemployed. PreQs, a Nazi boasted that his group One rather dismal note was struck had done the bombing. A week later by Sigmund Arywitz, executive secre­ the police still had not taken any tary of the County Federation of action. Labor, who chaired the rally. The open letter asked the mayor if he Apparently still living in the 1950s, intended to permit Nazi bombers to Arywitz, who is reputed to have been a have open season in Los Angeles. It socialist in his youth, advised the urged the assembled unionists to Militant/Dave Wulp audience: contact the mayor to demand that he One thousand rallied in Los Angeles March 26 "I understand there is some litera- act.

12· IJJ!peace prize for Kissing• New, bloodier war threatens Mideast By David Frankel . . Arab capitals following the October .Anr hopes Henry Kiss1nger had of 1973 War, and the Ford administration wtnnmg a second Nobel peace prize made no secret of its annoyance with collapsed March 22 along with his its Israeli clients. attempt to engineer a new Egyptian- Even before the negotiations broke Israeli deal in the Sinai. off, Ford had sent a letter to Israeli Israeli troops are concentrating Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin criticiz- along Arab borders, especially on the ing his "stubborn" position. On March Israeli-Lebanon frontier. The Washing- 24 Ford ordered a review of U.S. policy ton P_ost reported March 28 that the in the region, including "all aspects Israeh armed forces have been placed and all countries." And in an interview on alert. made public March 27 Ford com- Washington, too, expects another plained, "If they [the Isra;lis] had been ~ar, the Post reported. "The Air Force a bit more flexible, you can say a 1s prepared to fly its giant C-5 trans- greater risk, I think in the longer run it port planes from the United States to would have been the best insurance for Israel in one hop if that should become peace." necessary during another Mideast cri- While indicating that the amount of sis." military aid going to Israel was to be The Post added: "Ever since last reviewed to ensure greater responsive- summer the Air Force's Military Airlift ness, the Ford administration made Command has been practicing the clear that the disagreement with Tel refueling of the C-5 in mid-air in case Aviv was only tactical. As Kissinger tank in the Sinai. Israel's determination to hold onto occupied Arab territory is foreign nations should refuse to let the explained at a closed hearing of the hastening onset of new Mideast war. plane land en route to the Mideast." House Foreign Affairs Committee The military situation in the area March 25, Washington would not let was described in a House Armed Israel "go down the drain." the Administration would equate an mense loss of prestige, it is clear that Services Committee report in the Kissinger said further that "talk embargo with the 'strangulation' that no agreement was possible on Israeli March 12 Congressional Record: about reducing aid to Israel was Kissinger said, in an interview with terms. ''The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), nonsense." In a news conference the Business Week last January, would be Whether the Israeli regime decides to largely as aresultofthe $2.2 billion aid following day, he said again, "The grounds for U.S. intervention in the go to Geneva and play a game of program voted by Congress last year, United States remains fully committed Persian Gulf. Such intervention, in stalling remains to be seen. A section have more than made up their losses in to the survival of Israel." tum, would inflame the entire Arab of the Israeli leadership holds the view, the October War of 1973. They now · Indeed, in view of the economic and world.... " as described by Harvard professor have more aircraft than on October 6, strategic importance of the Arab East Kissinger explained his approach to Stanley Hoffmann in the April issue of 1973; more tanks; more armored per- for American imperialism, and the these problems as he was beginning Foreign Affairs, that "Israel would sonnel carriers; and a substantial continuing threat of the Arab revolu- his ill-fated attempt to negotiate a new benefit from dragging out matters increase in the number of artillery tion, Washington is hardly inclined to Israeli-Egyptian agreement: "The ba­ until the time when Kissinger's com­ pieces. The Arab forces on the borders reject the services of the Israeli sic mood is hoping for a miracle-that. mon front of the consumer countries, of Israel have, as a whole, also colonial-settler state. The one constant· we'll come up with something undefin­ set up to deal both with the problem of increased their strength; but they have in the region's politics is the sinister able that will solve all the problems." energy independence and with the not improved their posture to the alliance between Tel Aviv and Wash- By wheedling Sadat in the so-called problem of recycling the petrodollars, extent of the IDF." ington, since the continued existence of step-by-step negotiations, Kissinger had restored the broken world hal- the Zionist state hinges on the frag­ hoped to at least set up a situation in ance." Nuclear Bomb Threat mentation and weakness of the Arab which Israel could fight Syria without However, others in Israel are push­ One aspect of the situation not world. Egyptian intervention, and perhaps, ing openly for a surprise attack mentioned in the congressional report Washington's need for a stable without any oil embargo. against the Arab states like that of the June 1967 War, in hope of "teaching is the growing nuclear bomb threat in counterrevolutionary base in the Arab Thus, the fact that a new war is the Arab East-a peril that Washing­ East was highlighted by the assassina­ expected to follow the breakdown in the Arabs a lesson" and restoring Israel's formerly unchallenged mili­ ton has recently increased. On J anu­ tion of King Faisal in Saudi Arabia, negotiations does not mean · that Kissinger's trip would have secured tary supremacy. ary 23 the Pentagon announced that it and the accompanying period of uncer­ peace had it been successful. It would Washington, having failed in its would sell Israel 200 Lance missiles. tainty. Although little change is likely search for a miracle, apparently will ''Thus far," New York Times reporter to occur in the policies of that mon­ have resulted merely in a different type now go to Geneva counting on a John Finney said at the time of the archy, the new king will not be able to of war threat. helping hand from Moscow. Kissinger announcement, "the missile has been play the same role internationally that What is most significant about the had sought to keep the Soviet govern­ regarded by the United States army as Faisal did on behalf of Washington. course of the Israeli-Egyptian talks is ment out of the picture, calculating primarily a nuclear weapon, largely the renewed confirmation they gave of that the more Washington could because of Congressional doubts that Search for a 'Miracle' the impossibility of any compromise achieve on its own, the stronger would the weapon would be effective, in terms. Nevertheless, as much as Washing­ between Israel and its Arab neighbors. be its position in later negotiations of its cost, with a conventional war­ ton needs Israel as a praetorian guard Sadat was clearly willing to make a separate peace with Israel so long as a with Moscow. head. for its interests in the Arab East, the ". . . According to weapons experts, presence of the Zionist state in the face-saving formula was provided. His it would not be too difficult for Israel to region also generates new instability servility was limited only by his fear of develop an atomic warhead to fit into and is a factor in preventing the long­ his own people's reaction. the relatively small Lance missile." term stabilization that Washington New York Times columnist James Even if Israel decides that it is would like to see. Reston reported March 26 that in Readings on unnecessary to use its nuclear capabili­ As Business Week noted April 7, a Kissinger's view, "he had persuaded ties, a new war in the Middle East is new Middle East war over the territo­ President Sadat of Egypt to agree (I) likely to be even more bloody and ries seized by Israel would probably that the problems of the Middle East the Mideast destructive than those that have al­ result in a new oil embargo, and "a could be settled only by negotiations; ISRAEL AND THE ARAB REV­ ready taken place. new oil embargo would no doubt (2) that there would be no recourse to OLUTION: Fundamental Prin­ The failure of Kissinger's mission trigger demands in the U.S. for mili­ force to settle the political differences; ciples of Revolutionary Marx­ was a substantial blow to the resur­ tary action against the oil producers. (3) that para-military operations by ism by Gus Horowitz, a;n ED U­ gence of Washington's influence in the Some Washington officials hint that Arab guerrillas against Israel would CATION FOR SOCIALISTS not be defended by Egypt; and (4) that publication, 8xll format, a compromise agreement between $1.00 Israel and Egypt on these terms could MIDEAST OIL AND U.S. CAP­ not be replaced unless Israel agreed. In ITALISM by Dick Roberts, other· words, that Israel could deter­ $.35 mine the length of the agreement. . . . ROOTS OF THE MIDEAST "In short, Mr. Kissinger apparently War Anthology, taken from the believes that Mr. Sadat offered the pages of the INTERNA TION­ 'functional or practical equivalent' of AL SOCIALIST REVIEW, non-belligerency toward Israel, but 8xll format, $.75 that the Israeli Government rejected SELF-DETERMINATION IN this semantic compromise, and on the THE MIDEAST: A Debate assumption that time was on its side, from the pages of THE MILI­ decided to go to Geneva and count' on TANT and DAILY WORLD, the support of the United States Gov­ Dave Frankel versus Tom ernment." Foley, $.00 WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAST: Israeli Strategy The Socialist View by Dave Since any Arab government that Frankel, Dick Roberts, Tony publicly agreed to a state of "nonbelli­ Thomas, $. 00 gerency" with Israel while Israel Order froni: Pathfinder Press, continued to occupy its land-even 410 West Street, New York, N.Y. leaving aside the question of the 10014 KISSINGER & SADAT: Neither one is so happy_anymore Palestinians-would suffer an im-

THE MILITANT/APRIL 11, 1975 13 Police charge 'terror glot' ·Cops arrest union militants in Argentina government. The March 23 La Opini6n By Judy White reported that four persons were shot From Intercontinental Press when federal intervenor Oscar Guardu­ Argentine Minister of the Interior li attempted to take over the union's Alberto Rocamora announced March Jujuy headquarters. Labeling the inci­ 20 the discovery of a "terrorist plot of dent "subversive," local police issued a vast proportions" to sabotage heavy warrant for the arrest of union head industry in the industrial belt north of Melit6n Vazquez on the pretext that he Buenos Aires. The "plot" was the had violated the National Security pretext for raids by 4,000 federal and Law. provincial police. These latest moves are part of an The cops cordoned off the Acindar almost year-long campaign to intimi­ and Metcon steel plants, closed the date worker militants and others who headquarters of the UOM (Uni6n criticize the Peronist regime. In addi­ Obrera Metahirgica-Metalworkers tion to attacks on the unions' right to Union), searched homes and factories, function independently, the campaign and arrested about 200 trade unionists. has been marked by assassinations of Among those arrested was Alberto trade-union militants and leftists by Piccinini, the general secretary of the the parapolice AAA (Alianza Anticom­ Villa Constituci6n section of the UOM. unista Argentina-Argentine Anticom­ Metalworkers at Acindar and Met­ munist Alliance). The AAA killed con responded immediately. Five thou­ tWenty-four persons in Argentina be­ sand workers downed tools to protest tween March 20 and March 22 alone. the arrests. Within hours they were The immediate motive behind the joined by railroad workers, textile Peronist regime's moves against the workers at the Silsa plant, and workers Workers rally last year in Villa Constituci6n. Last month four thousand police swept class-struggle leaderships in Villa in the grain-processing industry. through factories and homes in the area, which has been center of trade-union Constituci6n and Ledesma is suggest­ On March 21 most stores in Villa militancy. ed in part by a headline in La Opini6n Constituci6n were closed and all urban March 23: "After Confirming the transport was stopped in further acts Arrest of UOM Leaders, the Demand of solidarity. for a Wage Increase of 100,000 Pesos The March 23 issue of the Buenos · In a background article the March 22 party sold more than seventy subscrip­ [US$67.50] Was Made Public." Aires daily La Opini6n listed new La Opini6n said: tions in the Acindar plant alone. This wage demand came on the heels metal, textile, and tire plants that had "As a result of these elections held Last fall the government cracked of an offer by the Gran Paritaria joined the strike, bringmg the total last November, the control of the local down on the class-struggle tendencies (Great Parity Commission, a body of number of workers involved to 20,000. UOM passed into the hands of a group in the auto workers and light and top representatives of big business, the The Confederaci6n General del Tra­ of radicalized trade-union forces, in­ power unions in C6rdoba, and the regime, and the CGT) of an emergency bajo (CGT-General Confederation of cluding the class-struggle tendency, militant Buenos Aires printers union wage increase of 40,000 pesos. The Labor) dissociated itself totally from the Communists, the Juventud Traba­ was placed under direct government offer is totally inadequate in the face of the work stoppages. The Labor Minis­ jadora Peronista [Peronist Worker control. Warrants are out for the arrest an inflation rate that has hit 50 try declared the occupations illegal Youth], and others. Newspaper reports of leaders of the C6rdoba unions, and percent in the last twelve months and and threatened to apply the harsh yesterday that credited the Partido Raimundo Ongaro of the Buenos Aires has been met by a wave of strikes terms of the National Security Law if Socialista de los Trabajadores [PST­ printers union is already behind bars. across the country. the strikers did not resume work. Socialist Workers party, a sympathiz­ That left the UOM in Villa Constitu­ In an editorial in the March 12 issue The UOM in Villa Constituci6n is ing organization of the Fourth Interna­ ci6n, the sugar workers union at of Avanzada Socialista, the PST com­ headed by a class-struggle leadership tional] with a major role in the zone Ledesma (the plant with the largest mented: known as Lista Marron, the name were termed exaggerated by union number of workers in the country) in "In general, these struggles are the taken from the slate elected by a large circles, although the group is also part northwestern Argentina, and the response to the bosses' and govern­ margin in last November's union of the trade-union scene in Villa Con­ teachers union as the main strong­ ment's plans for exploitation. They elections. Lista Marr6n was voted into stituci6n." holds of opposition to the Peronist testify to the rejection .of the 40,oo0- office after a strike led by Piccinini The PST has actively supported the regime's efforts to hold the line on peso joke, which would fix wages at forced the government to end four struggle in Villa Constituci6n. More­ wages. 200,000 pesos when a worker's family years of direct intervention in the local over, during a subscription drive to The sugar workers union at Ledesma needs almost three times that amount union. Avanzada Socialista last fall, the has also been taken over by the to live."

Warm resP-Qnse· in Crystal CitY.. Coral tour stirs interest among Chicanos By Manuel Fuentes community drew 250 persons,· most of viewed the Argentine socialist for a SAN ANTONIO, Tex.-As terror them Latinos. This meeting reflected Latino program. continued to mount against leftists not only the great interest in what After leaving California, Coral came and trade unionists in Argentina, the Coral has to say, but also the success to Texas. One of the high points of his U.S. speaking tour by Argentine social­ of the unified efforts to defend his tour here was an assembly at Crystal ist Juan Carlos Coral proceeded with meetings. City High School in South Texas. More successful meetings in the San Fran­ A speech by Coral at the University than 500 students and teachers heard cisco Bay Area and in Texas. of Chicago March 9 had been disrupted Coral speak and gave him an enthu­ Coral's tour is being sponsored by by a gang of fifty counterrevolutionary siastic reception. Shortly afterwards, the U.S. Committee for Justice to Latin Cuban exiles, who injured several he was interviewed on the local educa­ American Political Prisoners (USLA) defense monitors. tional TV station, which is run by the in an effort to inform the American USLA has taken special steps since high school students. people about and mobilize public then to insure that the tour will go on The city and county government as opinion against the escalation of without disruption. Among the orgjini­ well as the school board in that 90 rightist terror and government repres­ zations that provided monitors for the percent Chicano town are run by the sion in Argentina. defense effort at St. Peter's Church Raza Unida party. As a result, the Coral, a leader of the Partido Social­ were Teamsters Local 888, the Central students are more politicized and ista de los Trabajadores (PST­ American Civic Committee, and the interested in Latin America than is Socialist Workers party) of Argentina, Chile Solidarity Committee. typical of U.S. high schools as a whole. has himself been marked for death by The executive committee of Local 34 Several teachers and students ex­ the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance of the International Longshoremen's pressed an interest in forming a (AAA), the ultraright gang that has and Warehousemen's Union cospon­ chapter of USLA in Crystal City. taken credit for most of the assassina­ sored the meeting, and a representa­ Chicanos also formed a significant tions that have taken place. tive of the Olga Talamante Defense part of tl:;le audiences at a meeting of 80 During a week-long tour of the San Committee brought greetings. Tala­ at San Antonio College and one of 135 Francisco Bay Area, Coral spoke to manta is a Chicana from the Bay Area at the University of Houston, as well 300 in Berkeley, as well as to smaller who has been imprisoned in Argentina as a meeting in Dallas cosponsored by audiences at California State Univer~ under the state of siege. Amnesty International and the Demo­ sity at San Francisco, San Jose State Coral was also interviewed on sever­ cratic Socialist Organizing Committee. College, Laney College, and Stanford al radio stations. KRON, Channel 4, In San Antonio, Coral spoke to a University. filmed a half-hour interview to be aired meeting of seventy-five Chicanos and A March 20 meeting at St. Peter's April 13 on the program "Alma de Mexicanos organized by TU CASA, an Church in San Francisco's Latino Juan Carlos Coral Bronce," and KPIX, Channel 5, inter- antideportation organization.

14 during the period when the antiwar was fielding candidates in the elec­ movement was beginning to have a tions for school board. major impact on the thinking of the "In an effort to prevent these people The Cointelpro Papers American people. White was a leader from being elected,'' the Denver office of the antiwar movement. proposed to FBI headquarters that a A broad layer of opponents of the letter be sent to the president of the (Part 3) war-including many radicals who Denver school board to "alert" him to were not particularly close to the the fact that socialists were running SWP-had endorsed White as the only for positions on the board. antiwar candidate in the race. The Denver FBI included in its Campaign supporters worked hard proposal to Washington an article to get the signatures necessary to about the SWP that had appeared in Sabotage of socialist obtain ballot status, which brought a the Denver Post the previous year. significant amount of attention from That article branded the SWP "as both the media. subversive and on the Attorney Gener­ election campaigns The FBI looked for a way to sabo­ al's list of subversive organizations.'' tage this campaign. They noticed that The FBI likes the media to refer to the according to New York law White was SWP in this fashion, and there is every not formally old enough to hold the reason to believe that the FBI was office of governor. The FBI tried to get involved in writing that story. this fact reported in the media in an By Nelson Blackstock of this country should take over its attempt to discredit the campaign. In late 1971 Donald Segretti was wealth and resources and use them for According to the documents, the FBI discharged from the army, where he their own welfare is a subversive decided to rely on the Daily News to do had served as an attorney.· He had a idea-if you are a capitalist. - the job for them, but the New York friend in the White House and he City CBS television affiliate did it quickly landed a new job. Beginnings of radicalization instead. A copy of the transcript of the In the next few months strange In the early 1960s the witch-hunt editorial broadcast by the station things began to happen to some of the that had dominated American politics immediately following the election is candidates for the Democratic presi­ during the 1950s was giving way to a reproduced in the illes. dential nomination. During the New greater openness to radical ideas. Hampshire primary the state's major When the FBI began to see socialists 'Anti-Judy White taw' newspaper printed a letter accusing winning a place on the ballot-and White recently read the Cointelpro Edmund Muskie of making derogatory more and more being treated as legiti­ papers relating to her campaign. "It statements about French-Americans. mate candidates with a particular was the CBS editorial that started the Sometime later it would be discovered point of View-they decided that they whole controversy that led to the that the letter was a phony, but two had a problem. Cointelpro was their passage of what was called the 'anti­ weeks before election day it sparked solution. Judy White law,'" she recalled. quite a stir. The documents reproduced on the As the following documents show, Later, there were fake press releases following pages are by no means the the state legislature soon passed a law issued on the stationery of Muskie and whole record of FBI sabotage against altering the election code to require Hubert Humphrey. socialist candidates. Previously the that a candidate be old enough to Then, on June 17, 1972, five men Militant printed documents showing assume an office in order to run for it. were discovered breaking into the how the FBI attempted to wreck the "Even before the election, CBS was headquarters of the Democratic N a­ 1961 campaign of a Black socialist for making effective use of the charge that tional Committee at the Watergate Manhattan borough president. We I wasn't 'old enough.' I'm sure the FBI . 'You don't make ME feel secure' complex in Washington, D.C. The described the sustained campaign of must have planted this idea," White story that eventually unraveled­ harassment against Clifton DeBerry, said. including spying and political the SWP's presidential candidate in "We were getting many hours of (The attorney general's list, a sabotage-had an unprecedented im­ 1964. We have also printed illes on the broadcast time, which was uncommon McCarthy-era compilation of "subver­ pact on American political life. It FBI's attempt to have socialists ex­ then. But a few days before the sive" organizations, was officially eventually forced the resignation of the cluded from supporting an independ­ elections it. abruptly stopped," she abolished by Nixon during his last president of the United States. ent Black candidate in San Francisco remembered. ·.: ~ days in office. However, the govern­ The Cointelpro ("Counterintelligence in 1963. "I was scheduled to go on CBS with ment still maintains a secret list of Program") papers are secret FBI files In a future issue we will reproduce the other candidates for governor on a "subversive organizations" for use by turned over to the Socialist Workers Cointelpro files documenting an attack special one-hour program. Suddenly, government agencies.) party and the Young Socialist Alliance against Fred Halstead when he was CBS informed us that my appearance The FBI seemed to be irritated by the FBI under federal court order. the presidential candidate of the SWP was canceled. They said I was not a because the Denver press had failed to What these documents reveal is that in 1968. legally qualified candidate because of label the SWP as subversive when the none of the Watergate crimes were Furthermore, there are operations my age.'' party announced its school board original. The FBI has for years been against election campaigns that re­ Of course, White was legally quali­ candidates. doing the same thing-and worse-to main hidden in the many illes the FBI fied to run for office; that was why the Washington gave the go-ahead for a the Socialist Workers party. Every one is refusing to disclose. law was changed. Today people under letter from "a concerned mother." of the plumbers' "dirty tricks". had On the next page is printed Hoover's thirty are legally ineligible to run for been used for years by the FBI against 1961 memo that started Cointelpro and governor of New York. Boutelle campaign the SWP, civil rights leaders, and some suggestions from the Detroit FBI These documents indicate that the The last group of documents exposes others on the government's "enemies office on how to disrupt socialist FBI may have been responsible for another FBI operation aimed at a list." election campaigns and other political getting this legislation on the books. Black socialist. The FBI tried to ruin activities. The next set of documents concerns Paul Boutelle's campaign for mayor of Cointelpro begins The second set of documents con­ an FBI undercover plot implemented New York in 1969 and to drive him and J. Edgar Hoover first officially cerns the 1966 campaign of Judy White the previous year. The city was Den­ other Blacks out of the SWP. initiated the Cointelpro conspiracy for governor of New York. This was ver, where the Socialist Workers party The FBI discovered through its against the SWP in 1961. His main surveillance of the SWP that Boutelle motivation for the program, as out­ had been arrested in New Jersey and lined in the memo announcing its falsely charged with possession of beginning, was that the SWP "has, stolen property while he was helping a over the past several years, been friend to move. The FBI sought to openly,espousing its line on a local and exploit this by circulating information national basis through running candi­ on the arrest to the press. dates for public office and strongly While no New York newspaper ever directing and/ or supporting such printed the story, the FBI indicates in causes as Castro's Cuba and integra­ a document printed here that the tion problems arising in the South." information might have been passed This memo and later documents illustrating how the plan was used to on to supporters of Mayor John Lind­ sabotage socialist campaigns are print­ say, who was running for reelection, .ed on the following pages. thus encouraging them to challenge the petitions the SWP had submitted in The Cointelpro plot to disrppt social­ order to obtain ballot status. ist election campaigns was concocted This challenge resulted in the board not because of any illegal activities by of elections ruling the SWP off the the SWP, but because socialist candi­ ballot, and the party was forced to run dates were getting on the ballot and a write-in campaign. If this was caused "openly" talking to people about their by the FBI, as they suggest, that ideas. makes this part of the 1969 plot one of As this country's political police, the the more successful Cointelpro opera- FBI has been assigned the role of tions. . determining what ideas are fit for the The second part of the plot was less American people to hear and what successful. The FBI followed up by ideas are not. Socialism, in their mailing Boutelle a racist letter, purpor­ opinion, is not fit. tedly from a white member of the SWP, The ruling class, which runs the attacking him for both the arrest and government, is convinced that it would remarks Boutelle had made at an · be better for them if socialism is Paul Boutelle's campaign for mayor of New York was target of FBI plot. Black earlier SWP convention. considered illegitimate or "subver­ socialists and civil rights leaders have been most frequent victims of FBI disruption The effect of this letter, as recorded sive." The idea that the working people program. Continued on page 26

THE MILIT.ANT/APRIL 11, 1975 15 The Cointelpro Papers

Documents 1-3: First document is .. -~-----··--- ·.·.) (t:::. ~- ·1.;· initial Hoover memo launching / SAC, r:cw York. Octoiler 12, 1 ~>~::. ~ :•• ~ :-(...~~-·:. 4.~_.' ..::: :. program against SWP. Main moti­ \. -;, ~- .. _.,. :·.· t~.::·.:~.::. ·.~ .. ·er) ~. vation was that SWP was "running ~"''".. . Director, F0r ; ,r:'JI candidates for public office and ,. ...·_~·;.·"~;,__,_ O.::..:.~~: ..·.r..i::·; i·c:·~:=:1s r;·~:-~Tl strongly directing and/or support­ I:ir~;::;•.L s;,:c:;::IT"i - SOl? ·-···-.. Dl~Rtii11'l0~i F~CG.?-'~!.! ing such causes as Castro's Cuba . . - . ·~ . and integration problems arising in ! J!o Dureau lcttpr to llew ·york·, October 12, 1961, C:lptioncd a.s abov0. the South." Next two pages are Tho :t'ollo·;,·i!l!J: are SU'!g-cstion.s regarding- initiat!.n;; initial suggestions for disruption TI:c Socilllist Wor!:crs P:~rty (S:I?? Il:t~-~-ov~r a Socialist :·:orl:crs P:1.rty (S'u"i') DisrU!Jtion Prof;r~ua on a submitted by Detroit FBI. t~te pn~t ~ zc;~~J~ ~''?:l~r;. ?~~!~~ u:J~~l~ .... ~~;~~~~~~~ xt~ ~~~~:c"" lir.titcd bo.s is: on ::1 loc-1 -"d , ..:ruo,.Jl v... srs t---O~ ... -'"~·1.. c.:~ .. uL.:lt-s for pui.>l ic o:7:s?ic~ n1:d. st~~:.:;ly (~ir~ctii:~~ or:;JJ~r s:;.~))Ortic:J 1. Referenced Eurc:tu letter st::.tes t!:e s~·tp h:::s, such ccuscs us Cnstro 1 s Cu~n ~u~d intc~i'"ntion proiJlcss OVC"r the p:-. .::t scv8ral yc:>.rs, t:een openly cspm.!Sing its li:1~ arisi.r:~ in t:"lc Soutjl. 'fl1c s::~~ :::Js nlsO been in frequent on ?. lccal :!.Dd r~.~tio::1:1.l b~sis throu;h running- C:i.ndid:t"i:~.::s for contact uit:1 int~r::'ltio~4nl lrots::j·itc .",ro1.'!)5 sto)~)i:)_3 public o::ic~. L.Jtters to ncw.spapcr editors a.r:d othar v:t.rious short of o~JCD n::d direct C04:tnct wit=l t:lcs~ ~roups. The ,.r.l1! •. ...._.-.:-...:ir. T'l.::>·.:.·-=::~-:'1:'::>""'~ ~nhl;r.~~i.~~ ~,.,.1"-i:"n'!~c:: :f::or-m ~·,k::::r;!"~-l:"· ..-.;•c:: yout:1 ~roup of t~'!C s~;p llns ~lso Uccn operating on t:1is cot~!d !::-..:- ~-~~.!l'.!d to ::lC'r.'Sp:tpc-:·!1, si;:::·~C. by ficti tio-..:::; :1:.::-:.-:-3, b:Jsis in co:u:cctioil wit;l s:i? policies. t.I!d. poi':'l.ti•::; out th:l.t =tt "t1:~ s~.1~:G t.:.~e these indiviJt:..::..ls arc canc!ic!~te~ lor political oific~ in the United St.?.tcs tl:.e:y are r:c;.:;.~crs oi t~c s·.. :), ::!.n or;:'..~:i::.:ltic:t d\Jdic:lted to t!:.e revolt:.~.:io:t­ ary ove:~ti-.:·o·;: of t!'l~ U~it0ct St..ltcs Gover:i.::.e:tt. T.:e fact t!":.:..t they ~l""C _::·,;p C:'.~c!id:.t0S i:1C.i::~~C3 t!~;:'!.t t!!0y :::!.re s·,·;p ::c:7.l;~rs. Infor::-::l tio:1 fr<:>::-. ;.c:,l ic sm:r~cs could be pooled. f::-o::~. :lll_: of !ices ind.ic:! t:i.::; t::.c an~=c~ist ;:;..:1d r~volu-cionary ·b:!.s is o:t the S~'IP. T:l.C f~ct t~1.t t;..e s;.,? !:as been cited bv 'the Attor::e·1 G~n~ral oi t~i~ United St~tes as a. suOversive' or::;aniz:ttiO:l. could be fully .outlined. T~is fact 1s prob~bl:r not n.s g&c.cr::;.lly kno~·;!l as 1 t should be. Tllis procedure ·.~r·ould .a·lert · tl-.e oublic to t:u~ :fact thJ.t in votin6 for a Sii? c:u:~.diC:ttt1 they t'.;-s ~O"t voti:1; fer au innocuous "Sociali::;t" c~~dica.te o:- a ''labor" cn.ndid:-,.te but 1 for a candidate dedic~ted to t~e overt~o~ of the United Sta~cz is j:~t i~t;~t:~~- ~~i~;~; ~~;.~s~~;r:,·;:~~~{·~~-~ ~t'J~~iJ,:; c~~~~~;~;i]\~ t;l~ .:...~:.ttl0:1 s .. Owl•.o. :...C .... LL&l1..4.',..\.1. It f.i.-~ ..~-- Tho above idea of l:tbtJ-ling t.te SWP as a subve!'sivc be dcsi:o·u:.:lc t:J e:.:ol!lld t11c p:ro:;:r_o:J o_i'tcr tlle cf:fccts ;.:;;ve 1 orr:::t.niza\~o:-~;::==:-;-:.·.::!:.·-1t--:.~.. could be e::p:!.!lded upon :1:1.d oth·~r been cv.:~luotcg c::ca.ns of adequ:!.tcly p~!Jl:.shi::.:; t~is i:1.ct ut:ilized, Le:Lile:ts outlininc; the above could. be cinecg-rapb.cd ar.:.d sul.~rcpticiously EJch officc.iS. ~~~!!rCf'6rc, rcf!ucstCdtO .-{::!~~fully ~ cval~J.JtC s~c:1 n '1r:J~rnn :I!!li ..;1..!-;_Ji.a·t: t:~~ir ViCtlS :to.:tj!~-:urca:J j rc::;llrC:ir:;; i;-li t i:Jhni ll Siii' disruption progr.:m on ;;a 1 i,:;i ted - ---~ ~ ~::::="::j .i ..:? ~.lias is. _____j------.... ~ ~·~~~:::~::-i~~;~~~ : ~,~ /7) --.;,-- ;:;~ ,.,..,.,.._.

2

Documents 4-7: FBI attempted to disrupt 1966 Judy White campaign DIBECTOR, l'l!l .-:..::_:·.·_· by getting press to publicize fact ,J , .. • , .. · • ,..... '3 1 ...... · ... 1 1 i ~ ... :o::·•;;:-:-:..:.-~.: that candidate's age did not meet 1 · !~ •~~~-~p~~;; ~ :~;~ ~ ~~;~: r~~io :;~· ~:~~ lc~~s ~~~ -~ ~~-~ io:£s, ~l]. ·· -~ J' -~ requirements for holding office of ta.ki:tl~ t'..c:ccssary prC"caut.ion::> so U.;Jt the identity of tho :FBI ... -;""·-··.. <..-' governor of New York. John Clar­ e..s tho r;ource wouJ.tl no~ be di!:>clo--~c,l .. '···.:;(.lCIJ~LI .:;T \·:om~Z..":)3 PAHTY <;r··~n... •' ~i-S- :)1-JP ence Franklin was Black socialist . 2. With reg:trd to tho S\:1' support!&.::: causes such DI5RUPTIUI1 PRJGRAll I . atJ CASTRO'S Cub~ ;>..nd groups concerned Wl.th integ-ration ~~ candidate who was victim of earlier problcr..s in the south, it is kno.. n th:Lt th.:! S'1IP to ~ ccrt3.in As the Burc&u is ~n~·nre, the 3_g~q_tn.l:!.,?_t__ 1!ciJ~1':cr:s ... ~n}.:ty_ extent do~inate:s the i':tir Pl:.tr for Cuba Cc:-:JJ.ittee, lS (Sh'P) is currently ru.nninr c,:.r.ji:i.:--..t.9:; in _th: forthcor.1ing 1 FBI attack. Documents indicate attempting to dc:niuate and control the C0::1::1ittec t.o Aid the election in the Jt.at? of 1:s~cYor!-:.. _.JU0:..:· ..:~·.:r:I'l't; hc2.ds the \I that FBI disruption attempt against Honroc Do!t::ndants a:J.d is sc~king ~por.sors for this latter S\IP ticl;et as. <:.uld ca:;;.pair;n on this i:;suc "anti-Judy White law." orgatdzations outlinin!; the subversive connections of the officers of the orG::t:lizatio:Is :tnd advisin; them as to the nature and appea~. t~ i::!l~~Jua~s-of ~r1~: ~~k·r·-··- ,_ -~--~•-- I· of the organiza~ion that they are sponsoring. This migh~ c~usc 1 .J.l. .1.~ J. UJ"L;..:~3~~::2.:.~.:"';l"t:~:r.,..-:-.~.:·.~.~----~'.::;~~ '\~::..~~ fitted t.o a..:Ja i:::;;>.it:..::<.!nteci Oy ~ueas and wetb.ods a.ppropr~.ate be useles::;. ~~;;~::~·.·:t .for the li...tlited Sil'P ceooership. However, prior Bureau approval I h Xerox copy of a public r>Jlcase cc_ncerning FR;.:;!(L!l:, I\ will be • obtained r~~... any new counter-inte.lligcnce opcrati~ns. effected un:ler this pr.~ra:::, is att.a~-~:~· .

..$"'·~ ...... ~... • ...... __., ;).l ... t ...... _,.l.-l ...... _~t ( '··-····~~------... 4---•-'*.. ~.:;-~.2.:;=--~-;-::;~ ---->~1-) - 2- ,.'If' ...... -·~

3 4

VIC!:!:· T\' {~•lor..~t' • •"trH 1~.1 W·•"W1 t'llloo 1! olicn':. i'1.ln'"~''' '' lr:1~crt.~nl t~r.wo~n.l,'I~IL!"',[oC.IY•t ~;;or .. c," un \~.,·or •: ,,,.,I" ~.l~cr, \".'CC:·l'o' , .. :1 ,, n· .. ,, • .r·.u:·.to 1~1 I .:o~ ~·: \' _. ;! :' ;; trc• The follo·.-inc cxr.:::nle l.s sub::1ittcd for the Bure~n'o u~ot:•·n!"'J toH.:r.•'J-., .n cv·... ,.; 0. 1..~. :. ~.cc 1'' Cr.!> ldLWiliiOQ !;t~:.wli$ ;1,;,;,.nJ.~J [, jj[;~j /.:~r>•:J=r, l,~w~· j J. con~iclcr<~.tion i:! ft.::-n~:::;ir.r;. this ir.fc,rr:-~.:-~tion to the frictdly wr1 t~r of the liYC r:c·~::-;:>opcr \·:hich pre\•iously pul.>lished _t)1e..a_ttached article: .. ----·-. · SUDJtCT: "liEn SLIP r.:;· .iliO:li!:G. ~-; · -· - .. ·.·. ~. SPOKESMAN: Hichncl f'. Kcntin.;

Proud of ;-;1y repute:: tion as an ir.jepen~1cr:.t thinl:er, IE:DADCAST: Novc::1ber 18, ) 5·~6 I r.~ny once ~c2in ho:;, skip ,:;.nj ju::-.p over the voting 6 l'i·: l:.'Vcr:.in:.j ik;:::·rt machine. I·ly ~hc·ico .:.~Gl' GovC'!'l:cr, ?S let:der of the :Novc;n!.JC>r 2J., J_s..::;c ticket, s:10uld reflect the utnJst consideration as 7 AJ.! ~ornir.;; 2cport to \·Jhich cn:..:lida~c ·,:ill C.o tl-:e be.st. job. The choice, however, is ~3~2 ~ lit:le ea.sic~ by the prc3011CC on the ballot of JUJY 'i·n-::I'i':, cc!-:didate for Governor In Covering the recent clect:or.s in r:e·,., York, we di<.cov~·red wh10t ,..e co:~~icler on the ticket of the 3ocialist ~or:tcrs Party. to bt: a scriou:; fln:..: in our ~lcct.ion ].;:,...,, a !'le.•: U:o.t ~:,ot.:.ld t.c con·ec:.c:.l 1 JUJY s nlQtror~ inJjcates that, if elected, she im.--ncdint<:ly. Mld the fle:..,. is that, u::dcr the ;:re::c::t sys-::cr:, L pc::-son c.::.:1, ·will cr~~njc for a votinG ~[C ~f 18; ho~ever, run for govcrno::- o::- ot!'!er stat-e officc:s eve":". :ho·.:.c:h that pcro:o:1 -::-.'"-J' r.ot te iwr U\-Jll cH·e vi' 28 '.-::JUlt.l -::J·eclL<:~::.:- he!· ~C:!'\'.in~:, even elic,ible to serve if cl~c:cd, uccorC.inc t.o the provi:::io:".s cf our state .if electc3.. 3ec:::s tt:e>re· a.:.·e on.l:: t:::-c:G rcqu:.~·c::1cnts constitution. . for this job in the 3tate Constitutio~; to wit: a U.S. citizen, att~i~~ent of 30 ye~rs of age, For cxnmple, the state Co:1stitution says that in order to serve e.s g-ove::::cr, ~ ;'-?!'~0;: ~.'.!~"!: ~,.. 30 :""~::~ ,..1-1, .. ,...,o::irl'r·"1t. 1""\f' ';-',-.p .o::t:·.t.f' for tbc five ::e.::.rs ~~:~~~~~~ ~~-c~~~,o~·~;~ H~~r T~~ r.~e~~~!'fn i~:~!::i~;~ly prcct·dir.G the clcc-::.icn, a::.d a l'nited States citizen. E-.1t, the ft:~rc+:c:.rJ of Stale tells us, there is r.o p::oceC.t:.rc that ca.2..ls fvr r..n a-:.:.:c::;atic ct~c;.:. c.o for less th2~ six c~~~hs also a;;ears to leave . determine that a ca:1didatc r.c:-.Ur.at.ed for z.ovc:--r:or rr:.ccts those qu2lifica:.in:·,s •. somcthin~ ~o be desircj. The 3ocinlist \~r~ers Part~· seC~s to h~ve 2. ~l~ir ~;~~ Y"Ur.~~::f-. c~~~~:-:~ •• Now, in the past electio:-:, the Sociali~t ~-;or:r:cr Party ce::didatc !'or so';:-:·::::n: canil.j te3 as c VJ..d 0~c G:J. oy J ,_•;.d, ..--..~ v.:.'.t r n~~~ohL L., c. CL. • .... was a vro:r.an r.<--.~!::d :udi'-h '.-.";.:-::.e. 3ut if ~:oe had been elected, .::.-:cerCi::;; :.:J its 1961 co.:1di:lnt2 :'or nresi:l2nt of tr~~- borot.:ch the Constit~ltion -~r..e could :-.o: !':ave SC'rvc.:i, 't::ecau:o:c s:--.'.:! is 28 ;:,·<~a:~:s o2.C.. P~-.d, 1 of Hanhattan. JJt;:; s a!-rest !"8C-:>rd ran fro:n as I Tr.~ntion.cd, t!le· state Constitution says that tr.e coverr:c-r ::iu.st be a.~ petty lerce~y to first de[ree ~uri2~ anj later least 30. recci 'led free r210::1 e:-d b:::£:.rj in Clinton Prison. How such C8~iiia~~s =u~2gG a s;ot on the ballot Since the Cor.stit-.J.tio!'l d.:->e: cor.tain cert.'l.::n qualifications for the of!'icc v!' is interestin[ speculntion. Do you get the governor, then- tr.e ~a::~e ~'..l<:tli:~icatic:-:..s ~ho-..:l:i a:;::;;ly to t:-.e :;:.ec;:;;le ·~·r.o rt;..-: :""::r ~mprcssion its lee-pulling ti~e?'' that office. It doesn't :-::<:.:-tc sense to r.~ve a candid<1.tc r:.:.::.:-:.ir:c; fer an c:.·-r-:.ce ·that the Cons"t:: t'l!tior. se.~rs he is r.ot. clit::i~le to fill. En.r:,.·v!":c .,.;-:o 'J"O:..::s The ~YO !eels ttot ~ubl~c~ti~n of the above for that cand~d'3.te t.hrC\·,:.s hi;, vct.e a-:,.•::...y, ar..d, in a tic;i".t race, tt.ose votes infor:1ation, in ~f.e :.-:s:::--.2~ r2c:J:::~::~::--.:::12i, ~~·ould seriously and c:ould be cruci~-:.1. I!' :.!":2.t. ct:.::.C.iC..::.te s::.o'.J.ld hr:.;;-cn to "''in elcctfon, it co'.:] C. l"esult in a. bree.~do'N-:1 of o<.:.r coverr.~<:!::+.. effcctivol:: c::;b:.r::-[:;.3:; ~:-.'2 ~.i?. Ii. ·.::::.uld, f:.:.;-th~::.'::-:ore, spotlirh~ a~Jt!~c~ c~~~;lc of th0 ?2r~y's ineptness ~nd , ..... "' In our opinion, t!'J.c la·,..r si":ould e:~st:re th;;.t ca::::l.idc..tcs 0:1. the t:a.llot are lack or scri3us-=i~~cj~css·in its eff9rts to itlflLicnce othnrs. eligible to .serve in the of:'ic.c for ·,::-.ic:--. they .hl'c n:r::::r.r;. It is, the~efore, felt t~at ttis l2tc:t_exposurc co~ld result in another 11 nail in the> coffin'' of the t-art:: in the eyes of ott1cr r2j~c~l rroups. torct~1cr ~i~h un~ffiliat0d i~jividuals who :ni:::;ht t>c s·,:.:::.yeJ by tht.? i--art..:; line.

We "''O'.lld like to rc!rli::d o-..:!'" 'J"ic·,:ers thnt ·.-:C?S-7'/ wiJ 1 con .side::- rcc;.t:csts for -2- title :for the :pre.::c.::r~a~i..-::1 of vic-,.,.:; dJ 1·rcrine fro::1 those eGrer.:::C:d in c-.:.r editcrials. . ~· ······.--·-.:a. FBI disrupted Judy White's cam­ paign for governor of New York. 5 6

16 The Cointelpro Papers

Documents 8-9: In 1965, Denver l, .. j F [I I I FBI proposed to FBJ director that · lvlcmorcwdmn "· I ·I·· fake letter from "a concerned 1 DATE: I mother" be sent to president of the DinllCTOR, FDI (100-1136291) I ~ -·.-;·::·:;--~·-.-~:·:··_,_:·:::r------1

Denver school board "to prevent I these people from being elected." SIIC, NJ:.'W YOHi' (l.O:l--146608) Viu ---- _AJnTr.J.,_____------;;i ... ,.~~.!'~.~.. f i Plan to wreck socialist campaign ;;;-~-~ "-~~~ ------~------~--~~--- SOCIALIS'l' t·:O!\K.ERS P /JlTY '1'0: DIREC'l'Ol1 1 FDI ...-:_~· ..~·.·.--.~~.~-:.;~~:.::~::}~ ~...... -···:,, ,:;•· IS-SUP .\!.:_ ... ,,~ .. ,:;;wa. was approved. --~ DISRUPTIO:l l'hOGRAi•l. rJW~l: St.C, DEHVEH <.a.'~.:.:·· ... ::·;.~ r?".. ·: f_~--'lo SllllJECT (}n·~:u~UST e;:;y ,_lJ:>A. \ . / ReNYlets to Directo"•, 10/21jj66 and 1/20/67. cou;-:-T.:::Jtl:·:n:L::>xc::~c.~~ ·p~-~.GcnA:J • \' ., .--n~t:r:~l~\AL .. S:-x:c:aTY ·:. ·c ·------~ ·f\~...... --= Rclet.o concerned the susgc::.tcd dir.r•uptivc (SOClALl!JT ·~·;cni·~}:l~S Pfi.HTY) ~o(·"l?"-"'. "-. .._ tactic of public:tzin::; the :tncligibil:tt:t of t:lc: ..,.... , S\'IP 1 a candiGate i"or Governor· oi' ~-~e\·1 Yo:'!{ Stnt.e during 19~~6, Hhich sur:;gention \·:as acc£·pted by the He Dc~vcr letter 4/20/GS and Bureau letter 4/28/GS. ., captioned a.s abov0. /.,r-· · t'.,r:~'\ Bureau and f'u:>nishcd to the '~:;-;;.:~·: Yor!: D:iily d,~·.. ::::; 11 t· \by Crl.me Reco;-d Division. j~o subscquc.;nt puhlJ.c<:'...::m P.n::lo~;ed for the Durc:tu :ts one copy each of ::./"'' of this infori::ation \-IUS noted in thi:] rc:\f Yor!c t;J (,...... < c:. arti c) cs <-.:;!)( .:1·inc- in the ·1/2~/65 i~;suc of tJ1e "Denver 1;ost" and 5/4./G:::l. iE:.sue of the ''l~ocky i.iountain News" concernin~ q :>. :t s{~}~~}a~~~ ~o~~~~v~~~ ~~ ~~~ :~~;_:~l~P;~~~~:~ ~; i~~ l~~::~: ~ ~ ~~ upco:::ing Deu·.·cr school 'to::trd cl0ction. · on 11/18/66, hhich contain~d n.llcc~·..;10ns siril.i l:~!· to those ful~nished lic•..t York ct; ntNVf:£:!.!~-:::rs. Al t!·tou:·~~ Referenced Denv<-·r letter contained infcrmation that it has not heen definitely c~t2.bli:::.-!·:~d it is sus!~~cte(· ALLF.N TAPLI:\, [;ranch OrG"n.n:i.~~er of the Denver Branch, Si;P, by the 1le'rl York Office C;JS ::::'ly have: received t:11s wns runni1~~: fo:::- the Dcn-..·cr .Schovl Loard, which election is ,.information from the 11 l!C~-t Yo-r1: D:iily li•::-.~·s, •• .For '.. beinG helci ~·/10/65. Hm·;cvcr, I;A;m,\r.A TAPLiii ;l.nd Hm'r'AnD -,·.:.._:·~--"" /the infor:::.i.!tion Of the B:.xrcau the Wtc of' N~n Yvr;< 'WALL.~.CE, both rr.e:nl>crs of the .Denver Br~ ·h, s~·,cp_, have filed - 'recently passe:l a J.n.~·l whic:--1 \·iould nullify c.ny f\!".:ure their can(b t~c.~cy for election to the school board instc<".d of \.. ~instance of ineligible candidate:s runninG, for publlc ALLE:i TAPLr: as prcviou;;ly reported. l..··..-ioffice.

It is noted that 11 Ne\1 York 'l'tmcs, 11 1~/23/67, ~"contained an article on pa.(;e 75, \·;hich stated t!;.at the / !'anti-Judy \·lhite bill'' .:noch barred ~" 1nelir;ible , C. Per~on fro.-:1 being nominat~d for• public office: b2.s 1, ~--'been signed by New York St.:J:te Governor NELSOi'I HCC!~:~?!::LL~-::.­ It \'las disclo::>ed th~t Nc\·1 Yor!c 3~ate Attor;'l.e7; G·~ncral LOUIS J. L:O:F~O:·IITZ draft~d thia bill llh1ch wo.s sponsored by Ne'.>t York State SCnator ED~.a.HD J. SP::-.:I-~0, ~­ Ua_ssau County ?.epubl.'!.c.J.n c::air;~an. 'l'he artich: no';cd that WHIT i~ r·.;.r:nir:,--; O.:'i Gubci·:-~:·!torial candidate for the S\·lP received 12,596 votes 0:.1t of 6. l. r.iillion c~~~~. ·-:.~ ~~::::":""..:·:~- ;·.~·-' -~-·:::u;,tr,;·:~-~- 1 ~:: -~..--··· ., ,....,: ... .a-:~o·-·~ .. :,.~ - ... ···~-·.-,::~.;::.. ~ ·~·---····· 't.<" , '

7 8

Documents 10-12: FBI discovered ~... that Paul Boutelle, SWP candidate for New York mayor in 1969, had .. · "Pear' Sir: the SUP !l![;n!lturo!i were invalid. Accord1nr.; to tha '~Dnily · . "Recently while d!scu~sing with a friend ot been arrested. Their efforts to get Nows", bocnuso tho S./P hnd filed bot'oro Lll:D~;AY' :J IndciJc!--.:!on t 'the variot;s cand)_datc>s for ·the upc;ord_n~~ Dcnvc1· Party, it t/On (l. top-lino ?O!lition On tho bnllot. Th'-'s L n:c:s.w, this publicized in press were not School Eo3rd Election, I observed tl1e n~mcs of .tho Lib oral Party na:-1ineo, by chullcr.gin~ tho Sl·lP pot l. tion Mrs. llarbnra Taplin, 1631 Pcnrl Street, and successful, but document 10 (first was making "a bid t.o wi~ a second top line on tho l\ov. 4 bn.llctn. Howard Wallace, 1860 Hace t'trct..:'t, Denver, Colo­ pages of this memo are omitted) rado as candidates for the D0nver School Board On 9/19/69, "Tho l1ow Yorlc Tintos" roportod tnot., "Tho ~1th.their political parties listed as S~P. Socialist V:orkers Party was removed yozt.erday frcr.1 tho ballot indicates FBI's actions may have ; in the city-uido !iovc::;;ber elections when tho Board of Electio:-la led to party being thrown off ballot. j . : . , .· . ,;I vi vl.dly rccail th:t t Ur. Allen Taplin rulod that ::1ozt of th!.' sir;n::tturos on it3 petition 1rroro invnl:.d" ~who is listed in the 'Post' article dated •••• a~d this action 11 virtually assur~d l-!nyor LIL:DS.\Y a :;c.cond FBI then proposed mailing anony­ ·· '4/25/G5 'lS the ht!sband of t!rs. Barbara Tapll.n, top spot on the voting machines for his Inacpcnc..i.cn& .?art;,-1'. mous racist letter, purportedly ' · ·-:as the unsuccessful so·cialj.st Wor!>;:crs Party ··~ · · candid:ttc for the United Stnt~Js House> of It is not known to \·:hat o::::tcnt t!1o inf0!":"'!.9.tion re;ard­ from an SWP member, to Boutelle. f Representa-tives in 1961. In :tll article of in~ BOUTELL:S' :J arrost, if knoun to Lr::DSt\Y ZU?portcrs, er:cournr:;cd Document 12 is memo from Wash­ -~: 'the 'Denver Post' v;hich I ar:-1 enclosing for your tbom to challenge tho SliP petition. In any event, tho Sri? ·4 infornation, this or~~nization is listed as ~o!.it!.~e.!. ~~~r~is:-;. !1:~..:: boon. di.:r:.1ptc::! !n !!c~: Ycr!.:. :: both S11bvcrsi vc and 0:' t~1C A ttorncy General's ington granting approval for racist . . l!l_.. ~_effo.rt_ to ru ·thor polorizo blacl:s and.... >lhl.tes letter. Note that letter characterizes · ~--!-:. ·... !i~~ ~in~~b~~~~i~~. ('~ ·~·,~~-~n~~ o~s ~om!~~j_:~~icle within the Si·iP, O.!ld. o:=u"t icul.:.:rly "to· fu:-th~r ·irritate DOU'.i::I.L:?: .-_r:.·. !' /. ov·ar·thO' 11 r:tcis:~ 1 -..ri't:-tin tho Par-ty,· Buroau aut~:ority in roc;_t:.osted .. ~ ·.. the SWP as "growing rapidly." FBI to -prepare the folloui:1~ P.r:.on:;~ous !otter on cc::---=.erci3.l statio::a:-y · !· :nBcing_ a. consci-:::· t ious voter and mother or' tor tranord ttnl to BOUTEU.:::: at his ho:no address, 2159. Davidson says in document 5 that purpose of 1,·· .. _._school age children, feel that som.eoue should Avo., Bron.'t, UY: 1966 disruption was to drive · do something to prevent persons of this sort -.from being elected to the school board. ~•comrade' Paul" "another 'nail in the coffin' of the .:; : ,,·--_;~-::·ni.lth~ugh I ani ,;.uch in fa~oi-'of publi~iy "Some or us within tho Party nre ted uo with Party in the eyes of other radical opposing these people, I feel it best for my the SUb':O!"Si":C offrJC~ J~U D!"S paving On thO rnrty, groups." · .. family's sake that I withhold my nane and leave but since a row see your- presenca as an s ssot • ...c' .'this situation in lour capable hands. (bocauso or your color only) not ;nuch can be seid . openly. .. ',:~)~:6Ui',<~:: :.. .>~'-:·<:: ·:,'~,:~··;;;.· Conce~n;,d ll~~he;,;·- . •Your racist remark~· at the Convention shm-1 .. . . _ If authority is granted~ to mail this letter, Bureau ~:.·: You to l.Jo utterly ns~loss to tho revolution to· cc::a. /.nd thon, ns could havo bocn expected, you a:1d ycur instructions concerning previous app~ovcd letter will be ·followed. ···· .trio.r..ds l-::1vo put t:-to .?arty in a po.:::iticn of po..;sibly .. ~. ·. having to dcfon:l n co:-:-.-:::m thief. ·

~Y don't you nnd tho rest of your follow party tr:on:-:oys hool.: up with tho ?anthers where you 1 d reol at ho!:.a?

9 10

10/S/G!> ·~-·- .. ---·-. ::.:.:~ ,,-,. . l'I"} •' r.Mnybc thon wo could get on with tho Job i . :_Trotsky hnd in mind for us. I J SOCllll~IS1' r.om:::J:S p,;Rl'Y DISRUPTIOU PltOCr.,\:J "Your 'nnst:r' .friends". IS - SWl' <... I ' ~. . t

·· Sine·e confidential sources feol tnat BOUTF.LL£ is Rourlet !l/30/G!l. tnl'rcly boinr, "u!:~d'' bDcnuso of his color, end his Convention • roNor~:; ir.dic~t.a ho r.1ir:ht bo m-:aro of this feet, it is l Authority g-rnntcd to prcpnrc and r.:nil anonynous expecte:d that DC;J":":-.:r.l~2:-r::.ay boco:::IJ rr.ore out:mo!:~n rc:;:lr-ding letter set fortll in rrilct. racism Hi t.hin tho i·orty, all of "'hici1 "..ould cront.c zc~o j diversion \Yit:hin itz !'nnks, ond c.ould rosult in BOU·!~;LL::: 1 s I Insure usual ll~ccaution taken in order tl!~t the resiE;:J.=ttic-n !::.nd concoi;rably O't~wr• .::egroos with wt... om BOD".:":S;...LE letter cannot bo tr~ccd. b:'.ci; to the Burcnu. .Advise the is friendly. n~rcnu o:r "-.:h::! 1·csul ts.

:_:.,_··W·~'---·· ···--~~- .b. If aut.uul'J. L.J .l.~ t;,J.·.u.w.. ou tu jj:&:'~;;~=-=- ~w:.:! :'!!:.:!.2 t~~ ...... abovo lettur, nll precautions ·.:ill bo tn.!=un to insure the ..,___ ~ tuniliug cnnr.ot bo o.ssocio.tcd with tho FBI. I ...... -·-· NOTF.:

: .,t· .. . I The Soci.alist ·::.:n·!:c:.·s Party (Si':I}) is n mi li t;;.:1t comr.t.u:-Jist splint61· or~~~1i::~::ion r;hich is g?O\Iing- r::.pidly. Mer.1bers of the S\';p ?.rc r:..:r.nir::; ior the:> office oi rJ:t::or in New Yor~ City ~rid ~~l=~~~. :-~~~i~. Cn~~it~:~~c for nnyor of }~Cr.' Yo:-!: City is :":-.ul ::.::;·_·:-~llc, ·. .-:lel !s ~ :·.:-n:r:J r.nd t:t~o is n n~tic..);::;l :-.:: . ... .:~· u.: c.~ :. ·. ') .'.>: L:~ ~-. :~ :::· -~li.:>o'::-,1 Convention in /.u:,.:.::'..:' :.~ ...:.;, ::::~~:~:_!.;:: critic: zed '';,·;;c~; :!··· ex:.stir< in t ~\:P. l;-~·u !Jro:)2~·.::-. :.J c:~~JL~.,i l. tl:is is:::~t.:.~ :·./ ~c:~;.:..r:: ....; ~::-.. r.n()t: . ·.·: ·-· .....- lcttc.J..' to Loutcllc in tl--.c• c:.:-;;c.ctatio;: :;~: ... -;::~~lt.:Jl!~, \-:~:':) i3 quiet: tc~pcrcd, v•ill bcco~c cvcQ_ ~oro ou~~~~)::c~ on t!1~s i~~ This \'/ill thus ·create :1 dcvisive: split \·:i:..!L!r. t:1e .-~ ..-:·. SL!,: actiotl ~~~y ~ell result 5.n Dsutcllc's r2si~11:!ticn frc!1 the S al:)ng ,.,-j_th other ::1-:.::bc!'~> o;:!· ~~up;,urt hi:-.1, t:--tus cri.!':>li.-'~ t:: SWP itt its ~:~:1rc!1 fo:-· c:p~!-:s on. The pro;10:.:cci lcttc::· s·.:::.rts pace three of t!1c att~c!~cd nco~in: co~~un1c~tiotl .

·;._., :,..·•. ,~.-~·:.' ··.--.. ·.1- ...... ~-- .,-·,;:·~ ... :-. ;_::.-.' ·~· ... ·~- ~-.· .. ,_ .. - 4 - Agents sent anonymous racist letters to Paul Boutelle. 11 12

THE MILITANT/APRIL 11, 1975 17 Soc~alist demands St. Louis cop spy files By Tom Moriarty told reporters, "I have witnessed mem- the Police Department on a need-to- Amendment rights of all citizens of St. ST. LOUIS-The police department hers of the St. Louis 'red squad' in know basis," according to the Post- Louis." here has recently joined the growing - plain clothes, in unmarked cars- Dispatch. "The Socialist Workers party will list of police departments in cities secretly taking down license plate Bowman responded, "When the SWP continue its efforts to force a full around the country that have been numbers of cars parked outside social- filed suit over a year ago against disclosure of all secret police files on caught spying on individuals ,and ist campaign events. I have seen them spying and harassment by the federal political activists," she said. "We do organizations who have never commit- spy on and photograph legal, peaceful goverment, their response was 'no this because we have nothing to hide. ·ted any crime. demonstrations and meetings. comment.' But last week, over 3,000 It is the St. Louis police who have In an interview with the St. Louis "I demand to see with my own eyes pages of FBI documents were dis- everything to hide. I urge all St. Post-Dispatch, Police Chief Eugene the results of this illegal activity, closed, which proved that a campaign Louisans who share my concern over Camp admitted that the cops maintain which is being directed by the mayor of secret surveillance, slander, and these blatant attacks on our democrat- "confidential bulletins and known and the police department of this city. harassment against us was in fact ic rights to join us in demanding full police character files on persons of I demand to see these files, which have official government policy. We are disclosure of all St. Louis police files.'' interest to the department.'' Those of been kept secretly on the people of St. confident that similar disclosures will "interest to the department" include Louis yet being paid for by their result when the full story of St. Louis The candidate said she intends to "persons noted for their appearance at taxes!" police political surveillance is re- "subpoena the files and exhaust every demonstrations.'' Refusing to hand over the files, Earl vealed.'' procedure we can afford" to force their Barbara Bowman, Socialist Workers Haveland, commander of the police Bowman said that the police activity disclosure. party candidate for president of the department's intelligence unit, told that . she and her supporters had Smarting from the publicity, Chief board of aldermen, and a group of her Bowman, "About you, about files, I observed "coupled now with admis- Camp complained to the Post­ campaign supporters went to the police have no comment." sions that dossiers are kept on political Dispatch, "I don't understand the headquarters on March 27 to demand When questioned by reporters, Have- activists, proves that the police have upsurge of interest. Just because there complete disclosure of the illegal files. land said, "The information is not for followed a well-planned, secret .pro- are abuses doesn't mean the whole "Time and time again," Bowman public use. It is for other members_ of. gram aimed at violating the First system is bad.'' Court condemns firing of socialist professor By Phil Lehrer More than a hundred hours of public ducting hearings on the charges LOS ANGELES-Morris Starsky's hearings were held by the Committee against Starsky. five-year academic-freedom fight may on Academic Freedom and Tenure, Whether FBI involvement in the now be nearing a final victory. On during which time Starsky had the Starsky case was a key factor in his February 26 the U.S. Ninth Circuit opportunity to spell out his political dismissal by the regents has not been Court of Appeals upheld a 1972 district views, including his views on what a proven. However, in his 1972 opinion court ruling that Starsky's dismissal university should be and how it should Muecke said that a review of the entire from Arizona State University (ASU) be run. Based on the transcripts of record and evidence could "find no by the board of regents was constitu­ these hearings, Muecke decided that credible basis for the board's rejection tionally invalid. the "core of the charges" against In his 1972 ruling Judge Carl Mu­ Starsky was based on the professor's The Political Rights Defense Fund ecke rejected the contention of the political ideas. is currently organizing a tour for regents that Starsky had been termi­ Starsky had been in the center of nated for unprofessional conduct and political activity at ASU since 1965, Morris Starsky, who is speaking violations of discipline. Muecke de­ when he helped initiate the antiwar about his battle for academic free­ clared that the evidence made it clear movement on campus by organizing a dom and against FBI harassment. Starsky had been ousted for his beliefs teach-in. Over the years he helped lead The first stop is Chicago, followed and activities-a violation of his con­ a free-speech fight, ·organized campus by Pittsburgh, Detroit, Cleveland, stitutional rights. support for striking city sanitation and Minneapolis in the month of The appeals court declared: workers, backed struggles by Chica­ Morris Starsky is spreading word of his April. The tour will wind up in New "Faced with a melange of reasons nos, spearheaded the formation of an York and Atlanta in early May. for the discharge . . . the judge con­ free-speech fight in PROF-sponsored American Federation of Teachers lo­ tour. To find out more about the tour cluded that Starsky's termination was cal, and encouraged the organization write: PROF, Box 649 Cooper Sta­ predicated primarily or substantially of a, Young Socialist Alliance chapter on [constitutionally] protected activity on campus. tion, New York, New York 10003~ . . . We affirm Judge Muecke's deci­ revolutionary change, he had not Starsky's activity did not go unno~ sion on this issue for the reasons reduced his opposition to the social ticed. The news media made Starsky a of the committee's findings.'' stated in his careful opinion.'' system to mindless defiance of univer­ well-known figure throughout the While the appeals court agreed that "Judge Muecke examined in detail sity rules.'' state. Phoenix FBI agents began to Starsky should be reinstated and a the evidence submitted to the court," Charges of unprofessional conduct, pay close attention to the professor trial for damages held, it returned the the Ninth Circuit Court decision con­ including "disrespect for the regents" and decided to make him a target of case to the district court for a ruling on tinued. "He found that the record and "disloyalty to the administration," their illegal Cointelpro ("Counterintel­ a technical matter. The regents are showed Starsky. to ,be an excellent were brought against Starsky in the ligence program"). now arguing that by accepting a paid teacher with unusually good rapport wake of an incident in which he Secret FBI files released to Starsky sabbatical leave owed to him at the with students. The judge also found canceled a class in order to accept an under the Freedom of Information Act time of his dismissal, Starsky forfeited that while Starsky vigorously ex­ invitation to address a rally at the contain a copy of an anonymous letter any claim for damages. Starsky's pounded his views on political issues, nearby University of Arizona in Tuc­ sent in 1970 by the Phoenix FBI to attorney is confident of a decision including his belief in the need for son. members of the committee then con- favorable to his client. · PROF offers Levine drawings in fund appeal A PRDF is offering a choice of one of the B c drawings shown here to each contribu­ tor of twenty-five dollars or more. The PRDF is playing an indispen­ sable role in the struggle to put a stop to illegal police spying and harass­ ment. The fund is organizing support for the suit filed by noted constitution­ al attorney Leonard Boudin on behalf of the Socialist Workers party and Young Socialist Alliance. In a major victory for this suit, which is expected to come to trial next year, the government was forced to tum over some of the secret Cointel pro documents. Help the PRDF and receive one of these fine drawings (ten-by-twelve David Levine, the well-known artist, inches, suitable for framing). Send has made available to the Political your contributions to PRDF, Box 649 Rights Defense Fund a selection of Cooper Station, New York, New York three of his famous drawings. The 10003.

18 utlook A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL. PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM.

APRil,.. 11, 1975

There are also many examples of factory occupations and experiments in workers control. The workers com­ After March 11--new stage in mission in the Ormis packaging plant, concluding "that successive adminis­ trators have committed serious. errors in management," decided to carey out mobilization of Portuguese workers a "productive occupation" of the facto­ ry. The paper workers union in the Santarem district observed that the cellulose industries were no longer furnishing the necessary raw materi­ als to the paper manufacturing indus~ tries, while at the same time they were exporting 80 percent of their produc­ tion. So the union decided that the orders of Portuguese firms would be filled on a priority basis and called on the workers in the cellulose companies to organize pickets to keep a check on inventories and shipments as an act of solidarity.

In Fogueteiro, the workers at Alufer­ co, a modern metal-products plant in the Setubal district, voted unanimous­ ly in a meeting to occupy the premises and set up pickets Jinder the control of a democratically elected workers com· mission. They had noticed irregulari­ ties in the company's accounting procedures designed to bring about a phony bankruptcy through fixing the books for the previous year's opera­ tions. They also found evidence of tax evasion and falsified inventories. Another development is the creation of emergency hospitals, people's emergency dispensaries, and child-care centers, often on the initiative of far­ [The following article, signed by emergency economic plan recently ened with nationalization, were in a left groups. The clinic at Santa Cruz, D.B., appeared in the March 21 issue of drawn up by the MFA [Movimento das hurry to get rid of certain documents. in Carnaxide, was nationalized on Rouge, the French Trotskyist weekly. For~as Armadas-Armed Forces Move: "In view of this situation, we have March 17 and its direction turned over Rouge indicated that the article was ment]. decided to set up pickets to keep cheok to the Santa Maria hospital. That written following a visit to Portugal by Of course, this measure is not in and prevent the removal and destruc­ decision was the result of a three­ the author. The translation is by itself a revolutionary one. For the tion of documents," a union delegate month struggle by the workers of the Intercontinental Press.] Communist party, the objective is explained. clinic, who had shut it down and above all to centralize credit and slow But in this company the union occupied it, later forming a joint down speculation in order to neutralize delegates are still moderate; while they commission with the workers at Santa The response to the abortive coup of the power of the big monopolies and think nationalization is desirable, they Cruz in order to initiate a national March 11 has produced a new leap provide effective aid to small and do not think it is possible in the health service. As part of this project, forward in the co:n,sciousness and medium-sized companies, which are immediate future, because foreign they had already drawn up a practical organization of the working class. regarded as favored allies within the capital, in this case Belgian, owns 20 program to meet the needs of the Something irreversible has occurred, framework of national reconstruction. percent of the company's shares. population. which the bourgeois journalists, at­ But these nationalizations occur in the On the other hand, the unions of the At Belem, the Amadeu Duarte hospi­ tracted by the personal aspect of context of an extraordinary mass CTT [Correios, Telegrafos e tal has been occupied since March 4 by political intrigues, seem not to have mobilization, which gives them quite Telefones-Mail, Telegraph, and Tele­ cells of the Popular Socialist Front grasped. This awakening, this rapid another dynamic and puts them in a phone, the state postal system] are [FSP]. It has been renamed the Peo­ progress of the Portuguese workers completely different light. demanding nationalization, as are ple's Hospital. At Aveiro, the deluxe toward independent organization, self­ those in the transport industry. And Santa Joana clinic was also occupied defense, and workers control, is espe­ Call for Nationalizations they have gone further. by the populace and transformed into cially impressive in view of the fact In many companies workers commis­ a "center for rest and support of that it comes after forty years of sions or trade uriions are already temporary and permanent invalids." obscurantism, silence, and dictator­ calling for new nationalizations. Even Workers Control The people of the neighborhood· pro­ ship. before March 11, the general assembly The transportation industry is the vided supplies to the workers occupy- In the wake of the attempted coup, of the workers at CUF [Companhia linchpin of the national economy, they · . ing the clinic. the workers and office employees in Uniao Fabril], the chemical trust, were explain. Since September 28* the truck In the Corroios region, the Do the banks and insurance companies demanding that their company be owners association has been sabotag­ Muxito co~bination motel and hotel, formed picket lines, demanded immedi­ nationalized immediately. Following ing the industry, as their counterparts owned by an emigre Yugoslav capital­ ate nationalization of these establish­ their example, the employees of Euro­ did in Chile, and has refused to meet ist and known to be a hangout of ill ments, and hung hastily made banners fil, an advertising agency, raised the the demands of the workers. So the repute for well-heeled bourgeois ele­ reading "People's Bank" and "The same demand. unions have issued an ultimatum and ments, was occupied on March 7 by the Bank Belongs to the People" across the After March 11; the movement in­ have asked transport workers whose people of the area. They decided to fronts of the buildings. creased in pace. The workers of the demands are not met within one make it into a combined senior citiz­ The nationalization of the banks and merged gas and electricity companies, month to take their vehicles to t;he en's rest center, festival center, peo­ insurance companies decreed by the the CRGE, decided on March 17 to union headquarters, which will then ple's soup kitchen, and child-care High Council of the Revolution consti­ organize pickets to keep check. They operate them itself. center, equipped with a playing field, tutes a victory for the workers' mobili­ had noticed that an abnormal amount swimming pools, and such things. zation. While it had in fact been of filed material was being destroyed Immediately after the occupation, demanded by the Communist party, in the administrative offices and • The date of Spinola's first attempt to 4,000 persons lined up to pay a visit. the nationalization was not part of the concluded that the employers, threat- carry out a right-wing mobilization.-I.P Continued on next paf18

19 World Outlook

... new stage in mobilization of Portuguese workers Continued from preceding page organization is known to be an instru­ council who were involved with the evasive on the question of compensa­ The canteen, which can serve between ment of the CIA, which had been fascist regime." tion for the nationalized banks and 300 and 400 persons, is about to be involved in engineering coups in Chile, Thanks to this organized vigilance, insurance companies. At the same opened. The head of the occupation Santo Domingo, Bolivia, and Guate­ the people of Labradio in the Setubal time, it is proposing a system of committee comments: "In this way the mala. district, for example, noticed a lack of comanagement involving the unions working people will devote their sugar in the supermarket for several but not the workers commissions (the trade-union law rejects recognizing the struggles to transforming this .luxuri­ Beyond the Factories days. They concluded that the super­ ous hotel complex of the bourgeoisie market owner was hoarding stocks in representative character of the com~ into a place for the less well-off The workers movement to organize expectation of a price increase. The missions). The situation at Garantia workers to enjoy· themselves-into a and take over society is not limited to people went to demonstrate at the Funchalense, where a representative of people's canteen, a child-care center, the factories. It has affected to a store, shouting, "We're fed up with the bosses participates in the appoint­ and a center for aid to senior citizens. greater or lesser extent the most being robbed." They forced the owner ed management commission, does not The working class and all working diverse aspects of social activity, to give in. sound good. people want to show the exploiters and including housing, health, education, In general there is an increase in the To prevent the nationalizations from prove to themselves that they are transportation, and prices. number of district or neighborhood being transformed into a rationaliza­ capable of resolving their own prob­ For example, the workers in Vila mass assemblies bringing together the tion of the capitalist system, and to lems." Real de ·Santo Ant6nio decided to major workers parties, the Intersindi­ advance along the lines of workers Almost every day various social organize civic-action groups to fight cal [the national trade-union federa­ control of production, our comrades of centers are requisitioned or created in fascism. The groups were divided into tion], and the various democratic the LCI [Liga Comunista Internacion­ this way. As for the clinics, the four commissions to deal with housing, associations. These assemblies, which alista, a sympathizing organization of scenario is often similar. A group of health and hygiene, checking prices, are in fact coalitions of organizations, the Fourth International] are putting militants takes over a sizable building employment, and "purging." are often bureaucratically controlled forward the following demands: that is unoccupied or belongs to a The housing commission is supposed by the Communist party; the people of 1. No compensation for the bosses. fascist or capitalist. It gets in touch to control rents and see to it that the neighborhood or the district can 2. Workers control over nationalized with doctors, asking them for a list of speculation is stopped. It takes a attend but they do not elect delegates. companies; refusal to participate in the needed supplies. It asks the workers census of unoccupied houses in order to Despite these limitations, the mass management commissions; election of commissions in the pharmaceutical turn them over to the most underprivi­ assemblies encourage the workers to workers commissions that will carry companies for contributions. Then it leged layers. discuss and debate many problems out a thorough purge of the old conducts an occupation. that concern them, especially housing, management and enforce the right of The population soon flocks to these The commission on health and transportation, health, and education. the workers to remove the state­ dispensaries, where the management hygiene is supposed "to put an end to With the increasing occupations of appointed administrators; reduction in is in the hands of a committee, bureaucracy in medical and social empty houses by the inhabitants of the hours of work and the holding of appointed by the inhabitants of the services," "to step up efforts to esta­ shantytowns, it is often the commis­ general assemblies during working neighborhood, which takes charge of blish day nurseries, child-care centers, sions established by these assemblies hours to discuss the situation in the maintaining and improving the build­ and kindergartens," "to inform the that register and authorize in their company, to comb through the books ing. The doctors and hospital person­ population about the general rules of own fashion these seizures of apart­ and expose all maneuvers and irregu­ nel collaborate willingly. In fact, the hygiene and prevention of illness," ments. larities; workers' veto over layoffs as contributions and concern of these and "to oversee hygienic and health­ enforced by the workers in the CAF, personnel don't stop there. When it care assistance in the factories." Control Without Colla_boration who have refused to participate in the was learned that the Portuguese gov­ The commission to check prices is This many-sided and varied wave of management commission. ernment had requested health-care supposed "to fight the rampant specu­ mobilization of the workers and the 3. The right of the workers to de­ assistance from the United States, lation afflicting the people, and to help populace still has a confused charac­ mand immediate nationalization with­ workers in the psychiatric field, meet­ expose merchants who fail to abide by ter. However, it registers a fundamen­ out compensation of their factory, as ing in a general assembly, sent a letter the laws," as well as "to keep watch on tal modification in the relationship of the workers at Eurofil and CUF have to the minister of social affairs. The market prices by acquainting people forces since March 11-a firmer desire already done; the nationalization of all letter called attention to the fact that with the maximum authorized prices." to take control of things. Now it is a companies receiving state assistance this supposed aid, whether in health The purge commission is aimed at question of clearly formulating the and of all companies whose owners care or other fields, is carried out "exposing and cleaning out all persons demands of the workers, particularly collaborated with the reactionary through the Inter-American Develop­ linked with the fascist regime," and regarding nationalizations. forces involved in the attempted coups ment Agency. It pointed out that this "compiling a list of those on the local The government has continued to be of September 28 and March 11.

Rallies mark lnt'l Women's Day around the world Britain: full day of discussion, the conference about 5,000 women, was sponsored by department at the University of Valen­ Four thousand persons marched voted to call a demonstration May 10 Sohyo (Nihon Rodo Kumiai cia, department head Amando de through London March 8 demanding to advance the fight for the right to Sohyogikai-General Council of J a­ Miguel spoke on birth control and equal pay for equal work, equal educa­ abortion, for child care, equality on the panese Trade Unions), other trade women's liberation, maintaining that tion and job opportunities, free contra­ job, and more humane divorce laws. unions, and women's groups. Speakers women should have the right to decide ception and abortion on demand from The largest response to Internat\onal demanded that the government over­ when they want to have children. the National Health Service, and Women's Day came from Quebec, haul traditional employment policy, In a presentation on the capitalist twenty-four-hour child-care centers. where activities were held throughout which discriminates against women, system and women's liberation, Pro­ The actions had been preceded by a the province. One thousand persons and that it take steps to halt inflation. fessor Josep Vicent Marques stated rally of more than 500 persons on attended two· rallies in Montreal and that "nothing ·about women's bodies February 28, called by the Internation­ called a demonstration for March 20 in France: shows a special aptitude for cleaning, response to government attempts to washing, etc." al Marxist Group. Women from several In Paris, 3,000 women chanting, cut spending on the meager child-care Professor Damia Molla spoke about European q>nntries and Chile reported "Out of the kitchens, into the streets," facilities now available. discrimination against women work­ on the oppression of women in their marched to protest unemployment and ers: countries and stressed the need for an wage discrimination. The demonstra­ international struggle for women's Australia: tion was called by a broad range of "What does the system do with It rights. Marches and festivals marked Inter­ groups in the women's liberation move­ female labor? constitutes a kind of More than 100 women at a meeting national Women's Day around Aus­ ment. reserve army of labor, which can be held March 3 set up the National tralia. More than 5,000 women took manipulated at will and made use of or Abortion Campaign to fight against part in the Sydney march, which Italy: gotten rid of at any time." attempts to restrict the right to abor­ included a significant contingent of Demonstrations brought more than tion in Britain. trade-union women. More than 5,000 25,000 persons into the streets of Italy women marched in Melbourne, and March 8. The largest turnout was in Switzerland: about 1,000 marched in the biggest Milan, where more than 10,000 persons On March 8, 900 persons demon­ Canada: women's liberation demonstration yet marched. Several thousand persons strated in Tessin and 300 in Bern as Meeting and rallies held across held in Adelaide. Actions were also demonstrated in Rome; 6,000 in Turin; part of a campaign protesting the Canada to celebrate International held in Brisbane and Perth. 3,000 in N a pies; and 2,000 in Rimini. A Swiss government's refusal to change Women's Day drew hundreds of wom­ day-long student strike was held in anti-abortion legislation. en. Pescara. The Tessin demonstration was called In Toronto a conference initiated by Japan: by the Mouvement de Liberation de Ia the Mayor's Task Force on the Status Rallies involving a total of more Spain: Femme (Women's Liberation Move­ of Women drew 650 persons to plan than 10,000 women were held in As part of International Women's ment) and was supported by a number alternative actions to Prime Minister Tokyo, Osaka, and other major J apa­ Year, a series of teach-ins on women's of other groups, including the Ligue Trudeau's do-nothing campaign for nese cities March 8. oppression have been held in Valencia. Marxiste Revolutionnaire (Revolution­ International Women's Year. After a The Tokyo meeting, which drew At one organized by the sociology ary Marxist LeRgue).

20 Shah halts aid, segls border Iraqi regime in 'hew offensive against Kurds By Dave Frankel role in the decision to end aid to the actions, those . who argue that the Kurds. Escalation of border clashes Kurdish revolt is illegitimate because it The long drawn-out conflict between between the two countries made the has not drawn 100 percent of the the Iraqi regime and the Kurdish policy increasingly dangerous. Fur­ oppressed population to its side are rebels fighting for autonomy took a thermore, there are between four and only apologizing for the results of Iraqi new tum March 5. An agreement five million Kurds in Iran. Although terrorism. signed that day in Algiers between the Iraqi Kurdish leader Mustafa al­ shah of Iran and the ruling Baathist Barzani has foresworn any claims on Stalinists Join In junta in Baghdad was the signal for a Iranian territory, encouragement of a When the Kurds fought for their new Iraqi offensive against the rebels. Kurdish nationalist movement is clear­ rights against a regime that was ... On March 7 six Iraqi divisions­ ly a two-edged sword from the shah's hostile to the Soviet government, the • 2111 almost the entire Baghdad army­ point of view. Stalinist bureaucrats applauded them began the attack. as freedom fighters and gave al­ BJ Harold BOO'fer-The Waab~Nkm ._ Open warfare between the Baghdad A Reactionary Movement? Barzani refuge in the Soviet Union. regime and the Kurds resumed last Supporters of the Baathist regime in Now, however, the Stalinist line has Iraqi state. While announcing the spring after a four-year truce. The Iraq have characterized the Kurdish changed. The Baathist regime is on establishment of Kurdish autonomy on fighting reopened because the regime rebellion as a reactionary, proimperial­ friendly terms with Moscow, and March 11, 1974, the Baathist regime refused to implement the terms of an ist movement. In the past they were Soviet advisers are helping Baghdad gutted the original agreement. It re­ autonomy agreement announced in able to point to Iranian aid for the carry out the war against the Kurds. fused to define the borders of the March 1970. rebels and to al-Barzani's appeals to But the attitude of genuine revolu­ Kurdish region through a census, as The Kurds-numbering between two Washington for military supplies. tionists toward struggles for national demanded by the Kurds. Baghdad and three million in northern Iraq and This argument is refuted by the liberation is not dependent on the wanted to make sure that the oil­ representing a quarter of the country's history of the Kurdish struggle. In the character of their leadership at any producing areas of Kirkuk would not population-have been subjected to a first place, the basis for Kurdish particular time, nor on the diplomatic be included in the Kurdish region. The campaign of systematic terror. An discontent is not imperialist agitation stance of the governments that are Kurds charged, even before the fight­ estimated 400,000 Kurds have been but the fact that they are an oppressed trying -to suppress them. Oppressed ing was renewed, that 50,000 Kurds forced from their homes, mainly by the nationality. Iri addition to the Kurds in nationalities have the unconditional had been deported from the Kirkuk bombing of their villages by the Iraqi Iran and Iraq, there are more than five right to self-determination. region and replaced with southern air force. About 130,000 have fled to million in Turkey, 300,000 in Syria, It can be argued that a national Arabs. refugee camps across the border in and 200,000 in the Soviet Union. This liberation struggle should not be sup­ Baghdad's proposed "autonomy" Iran. oppressed population,- with its own ported because of the character of the included the right of the central forces trying to use it for their own government to select the head of the ends. The argument is easily an­ proposed Kurdish executive council, as swered. In the American struggle for well as the right to dissolve the independence, the colonial rebels ac­ proposed legislative council. Further­ cepted aid from feudalistic France. more, this legislative body would not Irish freedom fighters got guns from be allowed to actually legislate but the German imperialists during World only to play an "advisory" role. The. War I. Lenin accepted the use of a only purpose of such a proposal was sealed train from the German govern­ that it could be used as a propaganda ment to cross from Switzerland to ploy for the benefit of the gullible. Russia when the 1917 revolution broke Baghdad's aggression against the out. The Palestinian resistance move­ Kurdish people has already cost thou­ ment had obtained arms and money sands of casualties and millions of from King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. In dollars. With the stab in the back from all these instances, the decisive ques­ the shah, the Kurds now face still tion is the program of the insurgent greater odds. But this does not mean forces and whether the material aid is that the Kurdish movement faces used to advance that program. liquidation. The Kurds have suffered setbacks before. Short of actual geno­ cide, there will be no long-term solution Kurds and the Arab World of the conflict without the recognition of the legitimate rights of the Kurdish Another of the most common argu­ people. ments used to justify opposition to the Kurdish refugees. Some 400,000 have been forced from their homes by Iraqi bombs. Kurdish struggle is that it weakens the unity of the Arab people in their battle against Israel and imperialism. The LAST CHANCEl division of the Arab world into separ­ Until the signing of the March 5 language, customs, history, and territo­ ate states was consciously fostered by agreement the Iranian regime had ry, has been prevented from exercising imperialism as a means of enabling it been giving the Kurdish fighters mili­ its right to self-determination. to dominate the area more easily. Intercontinental tary supplies ·and, in some cases, In Turkey, the very existence of the Israel today reinforces this fragmenta­ artillery and antiaircraft support. The Kurdish nationality is denied. The tion. Thus, the aspiration of Arab Press. shah saw aid to the Kurdish rebellion Kurds are called "mountain Turks," nationalists-and the masses of Arab World Outlook can publish only a small as an easy way to weaken a rival and the use of their language is illegal. people-to unify the Arab world is portion of the international news and power. In Iran the teaching of Kurdish is also something that revolutionists whole­ Marxist analysis contained each week in With the signing of the March 5 illegal, as is its use in publications. heartedly support. the newsmagazine Intercontinental agreement, Iranian aid to the Kurds This was the case in Iraq as well until But Kurdistan is not part of the Arab Press. To be thoroughly informed of was abruptly halted and the border the 1970 autonomy agreement. world. It is the country of another international revolutionary developments, was sealed. The essence of the deal The Kurds have fought for their nationality that happens to be ruled subscribe to Intercontinental Press. was that in return for a halt to rights whenever the opportunity of­ partly by Arabs. When the nationalist If you subscribe before April 15, you pay Tehran's aid to the Kurds, Baghdad fered, and against whoever stood in sentiment of the Arab masses is turned the following: would agree to a settlement of a their way at any given time. In 1925 against the Kurdish people instead of boundary dispute over the strategic they rebelled against the Turks. In against their real enemies-the imperi­ ( ) $7.50 for six months Shatt al Arab waterway favorable to 1945-46 they fought against British, alist powers and the regimes that ( ) 50 cents for a single copy of the latest the shah. Iranian, and Iraqi forces. In 1958 the collaborate with them-this does no­ issue The New York Times reported March Kurdish movement in Iraq, led by al­ thing to help solve the problems facing 7 that "Iraq was also said to have Barzani, joined in the overthrow of the the Arab world. After April 15, subscription rates go up agreed to suspend propaganda attacks reactionary Hashemite monarchy. And The responsibility for weakening the to $12 for six months, 75 cents per issue. and support for exiled opponents of the in 1961 they began fighting the mon­ Arab cause in this case does not belong Name ______Shah, such as the Tudeh (Communist) archy's successors. They fought not with the Kurds, who are demanding party of Iran, now ba8ed in Baghdad." because they were agents of imperial­ their rights, but with the Iraqi regime. Address ______The March 12 Ti~ reported, "Iraqi ism, but because their rights were Baghdad refuses to grant the Kurds' Government broadcasts were said to being denied. just demands and uses anti-imperialist City ______have almost entirely eliminated hostile The very methods being used by the and Arab nationalist rhetoric to justify statements about Iran since the Algi­ Iraqi armed forces-bombing of vil­ its reactionary policy. State ______Zip, ______ers accord." lages, use of napalm, wholesale The hypocrisy of the Baghdad re­ In addition to what the shah was deportations-are ample testimony to gime is demonstrated by its refusal to Send to: Intercontinental Press. Box 116 promised in the Algiers agreement, the nature of the war Baghdad is honor the 1970 compromise agreement Village Station, New York, N.Y. 10014. other considerations no doubt played a carrying out. In the face of such on autonomy for the Kurds within the

21 World Outlook

·New publi.cation defends Iranian political prisoners World news notes The CAIFI Newsletter, a new publi­ accused of radicalizing Iranian youth. cation put out by the Committee for His specific "crime" was demanmng Appeal from ·Spanish political prisoners Artistic and Intelhctual Freedom in that his nationality of ten million Members of the LCR-ETA (VI) [Liga Comunista Revolucionaria­ Iran,* represents r..m encouraging step· people-the Azerbaijani-be given the Euzkadi ta Azkatasuna (VI)-Revolutionary Communist League­ forward in the effort to defend Iranian right to use their own language. Basque Nation and Freedom (VI)] who are imprisoned in Franco's political prisoners. The first issue, Baraheni was imprisoned for 102 Segovia jail have issued an appeal for international solidarity with published in March, contains reports aays i,n 1974 in a prison called the Spanish political prisoners. The LCR-ETA (VI) is a sympathizing on the cases of a number of political "Joint Committee of the Campaign organization of the Fourth International. prisoners, previously unpublished facts Against Terrorism in Iran." "But this In addition, the International Executive Committee of the Fourth on little-krown cases of repression, is only a station on the way to the International has appealed for a campaign "of broad united actions and newr. ,f defense activities being other prisons," Baraheni said. "It is a with the goal of demanding the immediate release of all the political organized throughout the United torture house in which confessions are prisoners of the Spanish state." - States. extracted under torture." The LCR-ETA (VI) prisoners' appeal reads in part: In a section called "News of Repres­ "To meet the increasingly numerous struggles of the Spanish sion" the Newsletter provides informa­ working class, the dictatorship has resorted to an ever more ferocious A news release on March 26 from tion on a number of cases of imprison­ repression. Today hundreds and hundreds of militants are being held the Committee for Artistic and ment, censorship, and purges of the in the Franco regime's jails. Intellectual Freedom in Iran reports: press. Many of the events and inci­ "In many of Franco's prisons, the political prisoners held a hunger "Dr. Gholamhossein Sa'edi, the dents covered in this section have strike during October to struggle against the system of physical and greatest Iranian playwright, has \ never been reported in English before. mental destruction· they are subjected to. The gags and chains the finally been released from jail in In a column devoted to specific dictatorship has used to try to silence revolutionists have instead been defense cases, the Newsletter focuses Iran." It concludes: "We will follow used to denounce a regime that bases its rule on naked repression, on the cases of three political prison­ the cases of Dr. Ali Shariatti and Ms. "This protest has had results: work stoppages in the CAF, Bilore, ers: and Palmera factories; workers demonstrations at General Electric and Vida Hadjebi Tabrizi with great • Vida Hadjebi Tabrizi, a sociologist perseverance until they too are Babcock-Wilcox; demonstrations also in Renteria and Saragosse; and translator who was arrested in factory assemblies in the Madrid steel plants. These actions all testify released from the jails of the Shah." 1972 while doing research on the living - to the determination with which the working class and popull;tr layers conditions of Iranian peasants. She have participated in the defense of the political prisoners, iri the has been sadistically tortured. struggle to win their freedom. At the same time they are proof of the One feature of special interest is a • Dr. Ali Shariatti, a prominent workers' own desire to free themselves from a totalitarian capitalist detailed account of prison conditions theologian and writer who has been regime .... under the shah's regime. The report is held without charges since 1973. His "Parallel with this offensive by the working class, other popular printed in the form of extensive ex­ father, who is more than seventy years layers are expressing more clearly their position toward the dictator­ old, has also been arrested. Both have cerpts from a speech given recently by ship. The oppressed nationalities are stepping up their struggle agaiQ,~t. .. Dr. Reza Baraheni, a prominent poet been tortured. the oppression of centralization. In Euzkadi; this struggle has . a'-f . . and literary critic formerly imprisoned •Dr. Gholamhossein Sa'edi (Gohar­ particularly dramatic character because of the ferocity with which the for his political views. Baraheni was morad), Iran's leading modem play­ dictatorship is repressing their aspirations for national liberation. wright, who has peen held s~nce June "University and high-school students are fighting the plans *156 Fifth Avenue, Room 600, New York, 1974 on unspecified charges. He has designed to make them unsalaried workers during their studies, to the New York lOOlQ. Copies of the first issue of developed a heart condition since profit of the"capitalists. The liberal professions, doctors and young the Newszetter can be obtained for 25 cents being imprisoned and has been tor­ lawyers in particular, are refusing to permit their activities to be each. '· tured. subjected to political control. The peasants have shown, through the 'milk war' and the 'pimento war,' what they think about a regime that , condemned them to neglect and refused to show the slightest concern· for their problems. . . . "The role of the dictatorship is shown by the execution of Salvador Puig Antich, the murder of revolutionary nationalists in Euzkadi, and the armed attacks against popular demonstrations at SEAT, Ferrol, Paris rally in defense and Carmona, for example. The aim is to stamp out any response to the arbitrary dictates of the capitalists, to liquidate all those who oppose the domination of the bourgeoisie. .· of irtlmigrant workers " ... We Trotskyists of the LCR-ETA (VI) imprisoned in Segovia jail call on our comrades of the Fourth International in Europe to build­ By Malik Miah · Other speakers developed these Paris through meetings, assemblies, and demonstrations-a campaign of points further. For example, Doudou solidarity by the workers of Europe with the working class of Spain. More than 1,300 Mrican immigrant Sine, a Senegalese professor of philoso­ workers, French students, and support­ Such a concrete campaign would extend the tradition of the lnterna­ phy, described how imperialism ex­ tional Brigades, of the mobilizations around the Burgos trials, and ers of African liberation held a rally ploits Africa. He held that only a in Paris at the Mutualite hall February would give support to the struggle to overthrow the regime that was socialist revolution in both colonial born under the protection of Hitler and Mussolini." 27. The meeting was sponsored by the and "independent" Africa could com­ Union Generale des Travailleurs Sene­ pletely liberate the African peoples. He Echeverria chased from National University galais en France (UGTSF -General said that struggling for national liber­ For eight years no Mexican president has been allowed to visit the ·Union of Senegalese Workers in ation means fighting for a socialist France). campus of the National University in Mexico City. On March 14 revolution. President Luis Echeverria made an attempt to s:peak there, opening the The theme of the meeting was new school year. His attempted visit, reported th~March 15 New York indicated by the banner, "Qui est re­ Repres~nting the Young Socialist Alliance and the Socialist Workers Times, was ''aimed ~t burying the memories of the 1968 student protest spo~able? Chassons les" (Who is movement that was crushed by the army.... " responsible? Let's drive them out). party of the United States, I spoke on But students were far from ready to "bury the memory" of the The remarks of the dozen speakers the special problems faced by Afro­ Tlatelolco massacre of 1968, in which some 300 unarmed students were ranged from specific problems of Americans and the struggle of Blacks shot down, and hundreds wounded, at a peaceful demonstration African immigrant workers in France to end their national oppression. I also in connection with a student strike. Ten thousand students gathered to to strategy and tactics to end imperial­ reported on the current struggle in protest Echeverria's appearance. Shouting, "Out, out!" they made it ist domination of both colonial and Boston to desegregate the schools and impossible for him to say very much. He had to leave the auditorium neocolonial Africa. All the speakers gain equality in education for the by a side door under a barrage of flying objects. agreed that European and American Black community. Sally N'Dongo, the president of the imperialism were responsible for the Shah declares one-party state exploitation and underdevelopment of UGTSF, who chaired the meeting, In a March 2 decree Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi of Iran the African countries and the oppres­ scored the policies of the French ruling sion suffered by people of African class toward immigrant workers. His dissolved all the existing legal parties in the country and announced descent. organization, which has more than the formation of a new party, the National Resurrection party. The dissolved parties were all capitalist parties, since the Iranian Pierre Jalee, author of several books 8,000 members in France, and contacts constitution prohibits the formation of workers parties. and articles on Africa including Pil­ in Senegal and other African coun­ lage of the Third World, spoke on the tries, is involved in organizing and The shah declared that "those who believe in the Iranian constitu­ tion, the monarchical regime, and the principles of the White role of French imperialism in the fighting for the needs of African present exploitation of France's form.er immigrant workers in jobs, education, Revolution [the shah's 'reform' movement, initiated in 1963] must join colonies. He said superprofits are still and housing. the new party." He concluded, "Those who don't ~elieve in these being reaped by the French bourgeoisie principles are traitors who must either go to prison or leave the N'Dongo also attacked the rulers for country." as in the days of direct imperialist their stepped-up harassment of immi­ domination. He pointed out that the grant workers. He said that this change from direct rule to neocolonial gathering marked the launching of a rule did not solve the basic problems of campaign to defend the rights of the African masses. immigrant workers.

22 ~ister 2,000 new voters / Parents mobilize for Dist. 1 school election By Cliff Conner carried out illegally, Fuentes sued for attempt to return Fuentes to the super­ The Por los Nifios/Save the Children reinstatement. The March 18 decision intendency. campaign for community school board upholds the Shankerite majority's In essence, Lurie was "appointed" in New York City's District One has arbitrary action. aby a single Shanker lieutenant, registered more than 2,000 new voters Behind Fuentes's leadership, educa­ Adolph Roher, to administer District for the May 6 elections. The registra­ tional facilities for the children of the One's schools. Roher's action was tion drive was concentrated in the oppressed communities began to im­ taken without a vote of the school district's Puerto Rican, Black, and prove. A comprehensive reading pro­ board-he faj.led to consult even with Chinese communities, and almost all gram was introduced that had begun the other Shanker-backed board of those registered expressed support to upgrade reading levels. One hun­ members-and without involving par­ for the pro-community-control slate. dred Spanish and Chinese bilingual ents in the selection process as re­ The petitioning campaign to place teachers were hired, and Black and quired by the school board decentrali­ the Por los Niiios candidates on the Puerto Rican studies programs were zation law. ballot has also been successfully com­ initiated. Free breakfast and lunch Roher again tried to disguise the pleted. Between 500 and 700 signatures programs were expanded. racist nature of the forces he repre­ have been collected for each candidate, When Fuentes was suspended on sents by simultaneously naming Tulio far exceeding the required 200 apiece. August 8, 1974, all of these gains Rodriguez, a Puerto Rican, as deputy The principal opponents of the Por began to unravel. The board majority superintendent. The activists and sup­ los Nifios slate in the contest for a appointed Anne Mersereau, a Black porters of the Por los Nifios campaign, majority of the board's nine seats is a woman, to replace Fuentes. By using however, know Rodriguez to be no slate of candidates hand-picked by and Mersereau as their spokesperson, the friend of the Puerto Rican community. loyal to Albert Shanker, president of five white Shankerites hoped to make Two years earlier, parents directed the United Federation of Teachers. their racist policies appear more palat­ Fuentes to fire Rodriguez as principal Although 95 percent of the school able to at least some of District One's of Public School 15 when it was district's students are Puerto Rican, parents, and thus to dilute the struggle learned that he was collaborating with Black, or Chinese, Shanker's forces MilitanVMark Satinoff for community control. racist teachers in illegally assigning have been able to win community Parent-supported superintendent Luis Mersereau, at Shanker's direction, "problem" students to special schools school board elections in the past F4entes. Court has upheld his dismantled the bilingual and bicultu­ for emotionally disturbed children. through demagogic appeals to the suspension by school board racists. ral programs instituted by Fuentes. Meanwhile, Leonard Lurie is contin­ racist fears of white voters, who Then, once she had exhausted her uing to perform the duties of District constitute a slim majority of the lawsuit filed by suspended District One usefulness to him, in February 1975 One school superintendent at Shank­ district's electorate. If Shanker's candi­ School Superintendent Luis Fuentes. Shanker had Mersereau dismissed and er's behest. The Por los Niiios cam­ dates are victorious on May 6, District Fuentes had been appointed superin­ replaced by Leonard Lurie, who is paign intends to expose the facts of the One's schools will remain under the tendent by a parent-supported school white. This time the action was taken illegal Lurie appointment to all of the control of a force alien to the communi­ board in 1972, but after elections in in such a blatantly illegal way that district's parents and other voters in ty they are supposed to serve. May 1974 gave Shanker's candidates a even one of the Shanker-backed board order to emphasize the need to elect a In a related development, on March 5-to-4 majority, Fuentes was sus­ members revolted and joined with pro-community-control majority on 18 a federal court judge ruled against a pended. Since his suspension was procommunity board members in an May 6. Phila. transit workers strike for cost-of-living By Bill Robinson other unions have." living increases to protect that wage PHILADELPHIA-A strike by In the new settlement, the workers against inflation," she declared. Transport Workers Union Local 234 will receive an immediate sixty-cents­ "Public transportation should be effectively shut down all bus, subway, an-hour raise and fifty cents more over free," Hardy stated. "The Socialist and trolley service here for a week and the next two years. The cost-of-living Workers party calls for complete reno­ a half in March. clause will go into effect in September vation and expansion of public transit The 5,500 operators, mechanics, and 1976, six months before the end of the systems. New vehicles should be pur­ cashiers of Local 234 won some im­ contract. chased to replace the twenty- and provements over an earlier contract When the workers hit the picket line, thirty-year-old subways and streetcars offer. That offer included a $1.06 an the response of Democratic Governor now in use. New routes and services hour wage increase spread out over Milton Shapp was to ask them to go should be established. two years and a cost-of-living increase back to work under the old contract "Democrats like Shapp and [Philad­ only in the last three months of the until July 1. The workers didn't buy it. elphia Mayor Frank] Rizzo claim they contract. '"They had nine months to come up don't have the money to pay decent "We need the money to catch up with with something," said one trolley wages to transportation workers and inflation. The way prices are rising, we driver, "and now they want us to wait provide such programs, but the money can't afford to take what they're ninety more days? No way!" is there. offering us," one young Black driver Terry Ann Hardy, Socialist Workers "If government spending for war told the Militant on the first day of the party candidate for mayor of Philadel~ was abolished and corporate profits strike. phia, declared her full support for the were seriously taxed," Hardy ex­ Another added, "That one dollar per striking transit workers. plained, "there could be more· than hour raise has to be protected by a "Every worker should have the adequate funds for transportation and Socialist candidate Terry Ann Hardy cost-of-living clause like some of those right to a decent wage and full cost-of- other services." declared full support to strikers.

By John Lemon ings several times chanting "Fire killer Just prior to the demonstration, the PORTLAND, Ore.-Portland's Black Sanford!" "Police child killers!" and district attorney agreed to convene a Portland community boiled over in anger at the "Who's next, Baker, who's next?" jury of inquest into the killing. Stu­ brutal slaying of seventeen-year-old Young Blacks carried signs reading dents and community leaders were Ricky Johnson March 14 by Portland "Don't shoot me in the back of the adamant about having an open hear­ Blacks police. head!" After a brief rally on the steps ing, since grand jury investigations Johnson was the fourth youth-all of the station, the marchers proceeded are kept secret. Many felt such an Black-to die under police gunfire through downtown to a rally at the investigation would be a whitewash. protest since October. city hall. Sanford, posing as a cab driver, had One hundred fifty people picketed While the picket line was in progress, entered a vacant house where Johnson the Portland police station March 22 in a delegation of community leaders, allegedly tried to rob him. The cop shot pouring rain, demanding the firing of students, and relatives of Ricky John­ Johnson in the back of the head. cop terror Kenneth Sanford, the officer responsi­ son presented a series of demands to Many felt that this tactic constituted ble for the killing, and the removal of Police Chief Baker. .entrapment, since the police them­ Police Chief Bruce Baker. The picket Among their demands were: selves admitted that if Sanford had not line and rally had been organized on • That Sanford be expelled from the entered the house, no crime would have short notice by the Black Student police force and brought to trial for been committed. Union (BSU) at Portland State Univer­ murder. Portland cops have staunchly de­ sity. Several BSU members are rela­ • That an open hearing be conduct­ fended the procedure followed, and tives of the slain youths. ed to investigate Johnson's death. both the police and Mayor Neil Gold­ Other groups present included the • That undercover police agents be schmidt have refused to suspend San­ NAACP, Black Education Center, withdrawn from the Black community. ford. One police official stated that United Minority Workers, the Young Earlier in the week the Portland "the March 14 incident," as they Socialist Alliance, and the Socialist chapter of the NAACP and the Albina politely call it, was "consistent with Workers party. Ministerial Alliance had also requested bureau policy of taking aggressive The demonstrators circled the build- an open hearing. action in response to crime."

THE MI.LITANT/APRIL 11, 1975 23 In Review 'AMERICA'S ROAD TO SOCIALISM' America's Road to Socialism by James P. Cannon, with an introduction by George No­ vack. Pathfinder Press, 410 West Street, New. York, New York 10014. New York, 1975. 124 pp., $1.95 paper.

A couple of months ago the Village Voice, a New York weekly, featured a "socialist manifesto" by Pete Hamill, f()rmerly a columnist for the New York Post. Headlined "Socialism: America's Great Fear May be Our Only Hope," the document describes what Hamill thinks a socialist government would do to develop a rational economic plan to serve human needs. Hamill's manifesto is symptomatic of the growing disgust with capitalism and increasing openness to socialism of tens of thousands of people. Not since the big depression of the 1930s and the massive labor upsurge from which the CIO emerged has there been as much interest in socialism. Like others, Hamill is grappling with the ques­ tions of what a socialist America will be like and Unemployment, inflation, and social crises will become even more serious than what we are "'v'~"'rioonr-i how to accomplish that goal. He recognizes the need giving rise to strikes and workers' actions whose logic will be a struggle for power. for abolishing pri~ate ownership of industry, banks, and transportation and for establishing a planned economy with workers democracy. A weakness of indeed its own gravedigger. The heart of the through elections, will be shoved aside by the hard his manifesto, however, is that it fails to show how problem for the capitalists is that their system realities of the struggle. this will come about. produces more than can be sold profitably, and Cannon argues that it is not sufficient, however, This is a decisive question. Few will commit therefore they have difficulty finding outlets for to have a massive up~urge of the working class in themselves to a utopian ideal that has little or no surplus goods and capital. This problem is in­ order to have a victorious battle for power. A mass chance of being realized. They want to be shown it's creased by the shrinking size of the world market revolutionary party must be organized that can possible. and the sharpening competition among the major help lead this struggle. This is what America's Road to Socialism by capitalist countries. Following his analysis of how the workers will James P. Cannon does. Cannon, a founder and This situation is the source of wars, such as those take power, Cannon describes what a workers longtime leader of the Socialist Workers party who -against Korea and Vietnam. It also drives the government would do. It would immediately abolish died last year, first presented the speeches con­ capitalists to slash the living standards of workers private ownership of industry and use the tremen­ tained in this book at a Los Angeles forum series in at home in order to maintain their profits. dous productive capacity of the country to improve the early 1950s. the health, housing, culture, and general welfare of The book was_ first published in 1953 and people both here and in other countries. It would reprinted in 1965, but it's been out of print for Workers' response make all forms of racial and sexual discrimination several years: Its republication now, with a new Working people, battered by these attacks, will illegal and would throw violators into jail. introduction by George Novack, will be welcomed struggle to defend themselves. As ·unemployment, In answer to those who fear that a totalitarian . by all those who are seriously considering the inflation, and economic and environmental break­ bureaucracy wiil emerge as occurred in the Soviet prospects for socialism in America. Although these downs become even more serious than what we are Union, Cannon argues that this is unlikely because lectures were given more than twenty years ago, experiencing today, this can be expected to provoke of America's wealth. The usurpation of power by they are in some respects even more timely today unprecedented strikes and other actions by workers. the Stalinist bureaucracy in the Soviet Union was than they were then. "It will be a fight to the finish," Cannon writes, the direct result of economic scarcity and technolog­ "and it will be fought on all fronts, from election ical backwardness. A workers government in the Capitalist crises campaigns to strikes and fights with fascist United States can immediately provide a substan­ The road to a workers government as presented gangs~ers in the streets. Under the powerful tially better way of life for all its citizens. by Cannon includes the following steps: deepening impulsion of the social crisis which American internal crises of the capitalist system; sharpening capitalism cannot avoid, and which is already attacks by the capitalist rulers against the living ripening within its body, all these developments Socialist America conditions and the organizations of the workers; a predicted here, and many more, will erupt spontane­ The final chapter of this book is an inspiring massive upsurge of the workers in response to these ously, simultaneously, in one general process which description of what socialist America could look attacks; the rejection by the workers of class­ cannot be arrested by any device. The irrepressible like. Socialism, Cannon explains, will be a stage of collaborationist leaders in favor of militant, uncom­ conflict will lead inexorably to a showdown in the social evolution that will grow out of conditions promising leaders; the emergence of a mass revolu­ United States of America, which will bear the prepared by the workers government. tionary socialist party; and a showdown struggle name: The Struggle for Power." The vistas he outlines of a society cleansed of for power. In this showdown, all those who want only to violence and greed, where classes have been Drawing together some important facts about the reform capitalism and make it work will find little abolished and racism and sexism eliminated, situation facing capitalism internationally and in room for their tinkering. And those who believe that stagger the imagination. "Under socialism," Can­ the United States, Cannon shows that capitalism is the rulers will allow socialism to be won peacefully, non says, "all will share in the benefits of abundance, not merely a favored few at the top. All the people will have time and be secure for an ever higher development." Although only a forecast of a society to be built by future generations, it is a realizable goal and one that will inspire thousands of young people who are sick and tired of the nickel-and-dime perspectives offered them by the present system. It is appropriate that America's Road to Social­ ism has been republished at the same time as the · launching of the Socialist Workers party's 1976 presidential campaign. The book will become one of the central pieces of literature for this extensive national effort to win thousands of people to the fight for socialism. It will go hand in hand with the party's action program, the "Bill of Rights for Working People," which is being distributed by the thousands to workers and students across the country. This national campaign for socialism, with Peter Camejo and Willie Mae Reid as its standard­ bearers, is guided by Cannon's estimation that "the victory of socialism in the United States is not an ultimate goal of the far-off misty future. It is the As workers rise up in response to attacks against them, th-ey will look for militant, uncompromising leadership. perspective of the present epoch." Mass revolutionary socialist party will emerge. -·Doug Jenness

24 FBI memo reprints spark ~Militant' sales By Pat Galligan documents in other newspapers, the J arosh, whose weekly sales range immediately know what the paper "SECRET FBI FILES-Read them Militant is the only paper to reproduce from thirty to sixty papers, attends stands for." in this week's Militant!" Even amid them. People here bought the Militant Philadelphia Community College. Be­ In their first four weeks on the road, the bustling activity on Brooklyn's so they could see for themselves how cause of Jarosh's regular sales on the the Northern California team has sold Fulton Street, Saturday shoppers were the FBI sabotaged the civil rights campus, many students are following 591 copies of the Militant. Team attracted to the socialist literature movement." the progress of the Socialist Workers captain Robert Matson sums it up: table by the March 28 Militant's Local areas sold 8,850 copies of the party and YSA suit against the gov­ "The truth is easy to sell." banner headline. - March 28 Militant, and twenty-one of ernment with intel'l!St. . Fulton Street is a major shopping twenty-nine areas reporting reached The Militanfs weekly installments center for the area's Black and Puerto their weekly sales goals. An additional of the FBI Cointelpro papers is one Rican residents. Brooklyn socialists 1,529 Militants were sold by the feature convincing more students to Sales sell Militants, books, and pamphlets, traveling Young Socialist teams. buy subscriptions. Wayne Hieber, cap­ and distribute campaign material Wherever our supporters sold the ta'in of the New York/New JerseyI scoreboard Connecticut YS team tells us that the there each Saturday. Militant, they found that people were Sold Last Saturday,'fifty-six single copies interested in seeing first-hand the twenty-one subscriptions obtained dur­ last of the Militant and two subscriptions methods used by the FBI. ing their visit to Yale University were Area Goal week % were sold. Literature sales for the "Students here were really amazed sold on this basis. Pittsburgh 375 443 118 afternoon totalled forty-five dollars. at the volume of the documents re­ Last week, 716 subscriptions were Baltimore 75 85 113 Marcia Gallo, who helped staff the leased," notes Philadelphia Young sent in, bringing the total to 5,489- Nashville, Tenn. 30 34 113 table that day, comments: "Although Socialist Alliance member Sam Jar­ only six percentage points behind Cleveland 350 389 111 there have been stories about the FBI osh. where we should be. Ellsworth, S.D. 10 11 110 Pittsburgh has already sent in 213 Denver 350 380 109 subscriptions, surpassing their quota Upper West Side, N.Y. 425 461 108 of 200. Supporters there have decided Lower Manhattan, N.Y. 400 426 107 Milwaukee 200 213 107 to raise their quota and aim for 250 Oakland/Berkeley 600 637 106 subscriptions. Seattle 275 290 105 The Militanfs sales campaign and L.A. (West Side) 375 385 103 subscription drive will be boosted by San Francisco 450 461 102 the special week of campaigning slated St. Louis 400 407 102 for April 12-19. Washington, D.C. 400 405 101 Most cities will take on a higher Philadelphia 200 201 101 Militant and Young Socialist sales Detroit 600 601 100 goal that week. All subscriptions sold Chicago 400 400 100 during that week will be included in Bloomington, Ind. 100 100 100 the final scoreboard. Amarillo, Tex. 10 10 100 Our supporters will be talking to Ct)ampaign, Ill. 5 5 100 L.A. (Central-East) 375 347 93 people at plant gates, unemployment Boston 400 359 90 lines, high school and college cam­ Atlanta 475 405 85 puses, and in Black, Puerto Rican, and Brooklyn 400 334 84 Chicano communities. San Diego 275 228 83 Besides selling the Militant and the Twin Cities 300 240 80 YS, socialists around the country are Houston 500 376 75 distributing copies of the reprint of Portland, Ore. 325 217 67 Fred Halstead's article "Why can't Total 9,300 8,850 95 everyone have a job?" along with the "Bill of Rights for Working People," Young Socialist teams Southeast 100 150 150 the action program of the 1976 SWP Illinois/Wisconsin 100 148 148 campaign. All supporters are urged to Missouri/Kansas 100 140 140 join us in this effort. Ohio/Kentucky 100 132 132 The fifteen YS teams have already Northwest 100 123 123 distributed thousands of copies of the Michigan/Indiana 100 109 109 Bill of Rights. Northern California Mid-Atlantic 100 108 108 team member Greg Hollenbeck reports: N. Y./N.J./Conn. 100 104 104 "We give copies to every student we Rocky Mountain 100 101 101 talk to, explaining that it is the New England 100 100 100 socialist program for working people in Pennsylvania 100 100 100 this country to fight inflation and Upper Midwest 100 96 96 Texas 100 93 93 MilitanVHarry Ring unemployment." Southern Calif. 100 25 25 'Militant' got an enthusiastic response at March 26 demonstration for jobs in Los "Then we show them the Militant," Total 1,400 1,529 109 Angeles. Hollenbeck explained, "and they Art Fox: lifelong union militant & socialist By Frank Lovell left the Workers party, and rejoined the and demonstrations of unemployed put the party on the ballot and then Art Fox died in Detroit on March 10 SWP in 1947. workers during the 1950s. took on the job of a volunteer one­ at the age of fifty-four of lung cancer. Art never abandoned his belief that An able speaker, he often participat­ member campaign committee to see He had been active in the United Auto the accomplishments of the· Russian ed in debates and symposiums at the that party candidates spoke at union Workers (UAW) and in radical politics Revolution had been irretrievably lost Friday Night Socialist Forum on meetings to explain the socialist pro­ for most of his adult life, and will be and that the Soviet Union was no Woodward Avenue in Detroit. gram. best remembered in the union-and in longer a workers state. He regarded Art was always, during those years, His main interest was in the union UAW Ford Local 600 especially-as a this as a serious disagreement with the an active campaigner for the candi­ movement. While a member of Local champion of union democracy and of SWP, but he remained a loyal member dates of the Socialist Workers party. 600 he was president of the appren­ the rights of Black and women work­ of the party for more than eighteen He worked hard to gather petitions to tices' committee, a longtime member of ers, and as an opponent of the corpora­ years, from 1947 through 1965, and the Ford Local 600 Council, and an tions and the union bureaucracy. publicly defended the SWP position on official, at different times and in As a student in Philadelphia, he all issues. . various capacities, of the Tool and Die joined the Young People's Socialist He served as a member of the Unit. - League {Fourth International), a youth National Committee of the SWP dur­ He was continuously active in oppo­ group that supported the positions of ing most of this period and in precon­ sition caucuses within the local. He the Socialist Workers party. He dis­ vention discussions attempted to con­ was a founding member of the UAW agreed with the SWP position of vince the party of his position on the United National Caucus, and he ran defense of the Soviet Union in the class nature of the Soviet state. against Walter Reuther for the post of imperialist war that began in Europe He failed in this. But he often said president at the union's 1970 conven­ in 1939. that the fact that he was able to tion. participate freely in the affairs of the Art sometimes disagreed with SWP In the dispute within the SWP over party at all levels was testimony to the tactics in the unions, and he became this question, Fox followed the democratic norms inherent in the SWP increasingly dissatisfied with the at­ Shachtman-Burnham faction, which organizational structure and its Lenin­ tention the party paid to the youth, split to form the Workers party. ist concept of democratic centralism. Black, and antiwar movements that While a member of the Workers Art was constantly on the lookout developed out of the radicalization of party he came to believe that capitalist for militant workers at the giant Ford the early 1960s. No longer able to property relations had been restored in Rouge plant in Dearborn where he support the SWP's policies in its many the Soviet Union and that "state worked, and he never missed an areas of activity, he left the party in capitalism" was the dominant mode of opportunity to sell a Militant subscrip­ 1965. In recent years, before his illness production there. He was a member of tion. He contributed articles to the disabled him completely, he collaborat­ the Johnson-Forest faction, which Militant on union issues and reported ed with the International Socialist broke with the Shachtman leadership, for the paper on strike developments Art Fox Workers' Power group.

THE MILITANT/APRIL 11, 1975 25 OF SCHOOLS IN DISTRICT ONE. Speakers: And to quell the fears of other This is an important conclusion to be candidates of the Por los Nii'los/Save the Children members of the YWLL that while the drawn by the labor movement and slate. Thurs., April 10, 7:30 p.m. St. Marks Church, Second Ave. & 10th St. Donation: $1. Ausp: the league abstains from this struggle the others. Watergate demonstrated that Militant and the Young Socialist newspapers. For YSA will grow in influence and gain even Democratic party politicians are Calendar more information call (212) 982-6051. respect in the desegregation struggle, not immune to this style of political ATLANTA Berkelhammer tries to update the THE LIBERATION STRUGGLE OF THE PORTLAND warfare. ERITREAN PEOPLE. Speaker: John Hawkins, CONFERENCE ON PROSPECTS FOR promise that Zagerell offered in 1970. National Committee member, Socialist Workers SOCIALISM. Fri., April 11, 8 p.m.: The socialist "For them [the YSA]," he writes, party. Fri., April11, 8 p.m. 68 Peachtree St. Third program for the 1976 elections. Speaker: George "the struggle against racism is obvi­ Floor. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Bookstore Kontanis, Socialist Workers party candidate for Forum. For more information call (404) 523-Q610. . mayor. Sat., April 12, 1:00 and 3:30 p.m. (two-part ously not a principled question either. classes): The economic crisis: a Marxist view. They can be expected to drop the BOSTON Speaker: Stephanie Coontz, former editor, desegregation issue also when it no .. .Jackson POLITICAL REPRESSION lN THE USSR AND International Socialist Review. The hidden history Continued from page 28 YUGOSLAVIA. Speakers: Boris Shragin, exiled of racism in Oregon. Speaker: John Studer, longer suits their sectarian aims and Soviet dissident; Matthew Dumont, assistant chairperson, SWP 1976 Campaign Committee. their ability to dominate." ly Bingham was tricked into smug­ commiSSIOner, Massachusetts Mental Health Feminism and Socialism. Speaker: Robin Mace, But the real question today is not if gling in. the dummy gun. Department; Bog!jan Denich, Democratic Socialist SWP candidate for U.S. Congress. Sat., April 12, 6 and when the YSA will drop out of the Cox charges that the police arranged Organizing Committee, former Yugoslav citizen; p.m.: dinner and rally featuring Olga, Rodriguez, to have an inoperable gun and window Oleh llnytzkyj. writer on Ukrainian dissent. youth director, Socialist Workers 1976 National desegregation movement, but when Thursday, April 10, 8 p.m. Mezzanine Lounge, Third Campaign Committee. 208 S.W. Stark, Fifth Floor. will the YWLL drop in. Will the putty-which resembles plastic Floor, MIT Student Center, Cambridge. Ausp: Donation: $4 for entire conference; $3 for dinner Stalinists endorse May 17? Will the explosives-smuggled in to Jackson. Committee Against Repression in the Soviet Union and rally only; $1 per class. Ausp: Young Socialist He says he has the name of a member and Eastern Europe; American Friends Service Alliance. For more information call (503) 226-2715. YWLL join with the NAACP, NSCAR, Committee; Friends of Czechoslovakia; Socialist the YSA, and many others to build a of the prison staff who was party to Workers party; Democratic Socialist Organizing ST. LOUIS truly broad movement in support of the gun-smuggling operation. Committee; Americans for Democratic Action. For WAR AND REVOLUTION IN VIETNAM. Speaker: busing and desegregation that can more information call (617) 354-6687 or 491-1056. Tom Moriarty, antiwar activist, Socialist Workers Declaring that the CCS and other party. Fri., April 11, 8 p.m. 4660 Maryland, Suite 17. mobilize a powerful response to the police agencies were party to the CLEVELAND Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more racists on May 17? entrapment operation, the Cox affidav­ CAN SOCIALISM SOLVE AMERICA'S information call (314) 367-2520. ECONOMIC CRISIS? Speaker: Linda Jenness, it declares: cochairperson, Socialist Workers 1976 National SOCIALIST EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCE. Fri., "This was NOT an attempt by these Campaign Committee. Fri., April 11, 8 p.m. 4420 April 18, 8 p.m.: Can capitalism solve America's agencies to monitor an ongoing con­ Superior Ave. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. economic crisis? Speaker: Dick Roberts, staff writer spiracy to obtain evidence for use in For more information call (216) 391-5553. for the Militant, author, Mideast Oil and U.S. Imperialism. 112 Wilson Hall, Washington ... FBI prosecution. Such evidence was al­ Continued from page 15 DETROIT University. Donation: $1. Sat., April19, 12 noon: FBI ready massed through legal and illegal FBI THREAT TO ACADEMIC FREEDOM. plot against the Black and socialist movements. in FBI files not printed here and as means. This was an attempt to kill Speaker: Morris Starsky, victim of FBI harassment. Speaker: Andrew Pulley,- former national Fri., April 11, 8 p.m. 3737 Woodward. Donation: $1. chairperson, Young Socialist Alliance. 102 Eads remembered by members of the SWP George Jackson by a preemptive first Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call Hall. 3:30 p.m.: workshops on Petrodollars and who were in New York in 1969, is strike." (313) TE1-6135. world inflation; What is socialism; Marxism and the instructive. Eight months after Jackson's mur­ feminist movement; and The revolutionary potential The FBI has made other political HOUSTON of the working class. Donation: $1. Ausp: Young der, on April 6, 1972, James Carr was RACISM IN TEXAS UNIVERSITIES. Speakers: Socialist Alliance. For more information call (314) organizations the target of this type of shot to death. Two men were later tried Gary Wilkerson, president, St. Thomas University 367-2520. disruption with some success, but these and convicted of the assassination. No Black Student Union; a representative from tactics do not prove very useful against attempt was made at their brief trial to University of Texas United Students Against SAN FRANCISCO Racism; Bill Rayson, University of Houston Young THE STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRATIC a politically seasoned and experienced establish motive or determine who, if Socialist Alliance. Fri., April 11, 8 p.m. 3311 ELECTIONS IN CALIFORNIA. Speakers: Rich organization like the SWP. anyone, had assigned them to the Montrose. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For Winger, Committee for Democratic Election Laws Boutelle brought the letter directly to killing. more information call (713) 526-1082. (CoDEL); Ken Stahl, attorney for CoDEL suit. Fri., April 11, 8 p.m. 1519 Mission St. Donation: $1. the attention of a meeting of the New Cox's charges shed much light on HISTORY OF SOCIALIST MOVEMENT IN THE U.S. Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For more information York SWP, where it could be openly the contradictions that were apparent Part of weekly socialist class series. Sat., April12, 4 call (415) 864-9174. discussed. Party members immediately at the time in the official and often p.m. 3311 Montrose. Admission free. Ausp: Young spotted the letter as the work of police. contradictory accounts of the attempt­ Socialist Alliance. For more information call (713) TWIN CITIES 526-1082. 10, HEREDITY, AND THE LIE OF RACIAL "We've been through this before," the ed Jackson escape. INFERIORITY. Speaker: Val Woodward, professor FBI quotes one member as saying. "No It also confirms that in their determi­ LOS ANGELES: CENTRAL-EAST of cell biology and genetic!;, University of one in the SWP wrote that." nation to wipe out Black liberation LOS ANGELES WATERGATING: SECRET­ Minnesota, Committee Against Racism. Fri., April POLICE FILES AND SURVEILLANCE. Speakers: 11, 8 p.m. 25 University Ave. S.E., Mpls. Donation: There are those who are horrified by fighters, the CCS and other police Howard Burns, professor of history, Los Angeles $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call the Watergate crimes, yet feel that the conspirators were willing to see a judge Trade Technical College; Donald Freed, author of (612) 332-7781. use of the same tactics against social­ and several prison guards die along Executive Action; Art Kunkin, former editor, Los Angeles Free Press; Jeff Berchenko, Socialist ists is excusable in the name of with the Black targets of their murder­ Workers party candidate for city council, 13th "national security." They accept the ous schemes. district. Fri., April 11, 8 p.m. 710 S. Westlake Ave . notion that certain ideas and the Contacted by this reporter, Frank Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more advocates of those ideas are beyond Cox said that he and other San information call (213) 483-1.512. ... YWLL the pale. Quentin Six attorneys were under NEW YORK CITY Continued from page 4 One of the main lessons of both court order not to ' discuss the case. INDOCHINA: THE REVOLUTIONARY UPSURGE Berkelhammer attempts to cover this Watergate and the Cointel pro papers is However, he noted, the facts are TODAY. Speaker: Caroline Lund, editor, International Socialist Review. Fri., April 11, 8 p.m. base by insisting that the YSA just that the use of such illegal methods contained in the affidavit cited in this Workmen's Circle, 45 E. 33rd St. (corner Park Ave. wants to "get into" the Black move­ against political opponents cannot story. That affidavit constitutes major & 33rd). Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For ment and "use it." Thus, he implies remain limited to socialists. If tolerat­ new evidence of the need to build more information call (212) 982-9021. that building May 17 and participating ed, they will inevitably be aimed at massive public opposition to the in­ NEW YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN in NSCAR would just help the Trotsky­ other forces in this society who run creasingly sinister secret police activi­ THE STRUGGLE FOR COMMUNITY CONTROL ists. into conflict with the powers that be. ties in this country. Socialist Directory ARIZONA: Tucson: YSA, c/o Clennon, S.U.P.O. ILLINOIS: Champaign: YSA, Room 284 lllini Union, 4660 Maryland, Suite 12, St. Louis, Mo. 63108. PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State Box 20965, Tucson, Ariz. 85720. Urbana, Ill. 61801. Tel: (314) 367-2520. College, Edinboro, Pa. 16412. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP and YSA, Chicago: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 428 s. NEW JERSEY: New Brunswick: YSA, c/o Richard Philadelphia: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, 1849 University Ave., Berkeley, Calif. 94703. Tel: Wabash, Fifth Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: Ariza, 515 S. First Ave., Highland Park, N). 1004 Filbert St. (one block north of Market). (415) 548-0354. SWP-(312) 939-Q737, YSA-(312) . 427-Q280, 08904. Tel: (201) 828-4710. Philadelphia, Pa. 19107. Tel: (215) WAS-4316. Los Angeles, Central-East SWP, YSA, Militant Pathfinder Books-(312) 939-Q756. NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Spencer Livingston, Pittsburgh; SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Press, 3400 Fifth Bookstore, 710 S. Westlake Ave., Los Angeles, INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities 317 State St., Albany, N.Y. 12210. Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213. Tel: (412) 682-5019. Calif. 90057. Tel: (213) 483-1512. Desk, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 136 Lawrence St. (at Shippensburg: YSA, c/o Mark Dressier, Box 214 Los Angeles, West Side: SWP and YSA, 230 47401. Willoughby), Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596- Lackhove Hall, Shippensburg State College, Broadway, Santa Monica, Calif. 90401. Tel: (213) Indianapolis: YSA, c/o Carole McKee, 1309 E. 2849. Shippensburg, Pa. 17257. 394-9050. Vermont St., Indianapolis, Ind. 46202. Tel: (317) New York City: City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 State College: YSA, 333 Logan Ave. #401, State Los !tngeles: City-wide SWP and YSA, 710 S. West­ 637-1105. Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. College, Pa. 16801. lake Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90057. Tel: (213) KANSAS: ~wrence: YSA,. c/o Christopher Starr, 10003. Tel: (212) 982-4966. TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, P.O. Box 67, Station 483-0357. 3020 Iowa St., Apt. C-14, Lawrence, Kans. 66044. Lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA, and Merit Bookstore. B, Nashville, Tenn. 37235. Tel: (615) 383-2583. Riverside: YSA, c/o U. of Cal. Campus Activities, Tel: (913) 864-3975 or 842-8658. 706 Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, TEXAS: Austin: YSA, c/o Arnold Rodriguez, 901 234 Commons, Riverside, Calif. 92507. KENTUCKY: Louisville: YSA, Box 8026, Louisville, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) 982-6051; Merit Morrow, Apt. 303,' Austin, Tex. 78757. Secramento: YSA, c/o Marlene Metcalf, P.O. Box Ky. 40208. Books (212) 982-5940. Dallas: YSA, c/o Steve Charles, 3420 Hidalgo #201, 2061, Sacramento, Calif. 95810. MARYLAND: Baltimore: YSA, P.O. Box 4314, UPJ!er West Side: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, Dallas, Tex. 75220. Tel: (214) 352-6031. San Diego: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 4635 Baltimore, Md. 21223. Tel: (301) 247-8911. 2726 Broadway (104th St.), New York, N.Y. Houston: SWP, YSA, and Pathfinder Books, 3311 El Cajon Blvd., San Diego, Calif. 92115. Tel: (714) MASSACHUSETTS: Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o 10025.Tel: (212) 663-3000. Montrose, Houston, Tex. 77006. Tel: (713) 526- 280-1292. Militant Labor Forum, 655 Atlantic Ave., Third Ossining: YSA, c/o Scott Cooper, 127-1 S. Highland 1082. San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant Labor Forum, Floor, Boston, Mass. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 482- Ave., Ossining, N.Y. 10562. - San ~ntonio: YSA, c/o Andy Gonzalez, 2203 W. and Militant Books, 1519 Mission St., San 8050, YSA-(617) 482-8051; Issues and Activists NORTH CAROLINA: Chapel Hill: YSA, c/o Susan Houston, San Antonio, Tex. 78207. Francisco, Calif. 94103. Tel: SWP-(415) 431- Speakers' Bureau (IASB) and Regional Love, 924 James, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514. Tel: UTAH: Logan: YSA, P.O. Box 1233, Utah State 8918; YSA-(415) 863-2285; Militant Books-(415) Committee-(617) 482-8052; Pathfinder Books­ (919) 933-4902. University, Logan, Utah 84321. 864-9174. (617) 338-8560. Greenville: YSA, P.O. Box 1693, Greenville, N.C. WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP, YSA, Militant Book­ San Jose: YSA, 96 S. 17th St., San Jose, Calif. Worcester: YSA, Box 229, Greendale Station, 27834. Tel: (919) 752-6439. store, 1345 E St. N.W., Fourth Floor, Wash., D.C. 95112. Tel: (408) 286-0615. Worcester, Mass. 01606. OHIO: Bowling Green: YSA. P.O. Box 27, University 20004. Tel: SWP-(202) 783-2391; YSA-(202) Santa Barbara: YSA, P.O. Box 14606, UCSB, Santa MICHIGAN: Aim Arbor: YSA, Room 4103, Mich. Hall, Bowling Green State University, Bowling 783-2363. Barbara, Calif. 93107. Union, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Green, Ohio 45341. WASHINGTON: Bellingham: YSA and Young So­ COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA, and Militant 48104. Tel: (313) 663-8766. Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C.R. Mitts, P.O. Box 32084, cialist Books, Rm. 213, Viking Union, Western Bookstore, 1203 California, Denver, Colo. 80204. Detroit SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 Cincinnati, Ohio 45232. Tel: (513) 242-9043. Washington State College, Bellingham, Wash. Tel: SWP-(303) 623-2825, YSA-(303) 266-9431. Woodward Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., 98225. 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26 STATE COLLEGE, PA.------Pennsylvania statewide socialist conference FRIDAY, APRIL 11, through SUNDAY, APRIL 13, Classes on America's revolutionary past and its socialist future. CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUC­ TION. Speaker: PETER CAMEJO, Socialist Workers party 1976 presidential candidate. HISTORY OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT. Speaker: DERRICK MORRISON, contributor to Black Liberation and Socialism. WOMEN IN AMERICAN HISTORY. Speaker: DIANNE FEELEY, author of Why Women Need the Equal Rights Amendment. BLACK CULTURAL CENTER, PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, STATE COLLEGE, PA. Socialist campaign rally SATURDAY, APRIL 12, 8 P.M. Rally featuring Peter Camejo. BLACK CULTURAL CENTER, PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNiVERSITY, STATE COLLEGE, PA. Ausp: Pennsylvania Young Socialist Alliance. For times of classes and more information call: in Philadelphia, (215) 925-4316; in Pittsburgh, (412) 682-5019; in State College, (814) 237-9612.

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THE MILITANT/APRIL 11, 1975 27 THE MILITANT Dramatic revelations Did cops set up George Jackson 'escape' try? By Harry Ring ing Panther in Northern California. At SAN FRANCISCO-Startling new one time he had reportedly served as revelations have been made by a Bay prison bodyguard for Huey Newton. Area public defender concerning police He was also a brother-in-law of CCS involvement in the 1970 Marin County informer Tackwood. Courthouse shoot-out and the 1971 San After the Marin County Courthouse Quentin "escape" attempt in which shoot-out, Cox says, police found a George Jackson died. letter in Carr's possession from George It is now charged that police officials Jackson, allegedly discussing the had advance knowledge of the court­ possibility of escaping from San Quen­ house kidnap-escape plan in which tin. four people died, and permitted it to Even though he was on parole from occur. It is also charged that police a robbery conviction, police did not officials conspired to set up the George arrest Carr until April 6, 1971, when he Jackson San Quentin escape attempt was jailed on an assault charge after a in such a way as to ensure his death. - courtroom fracas with cops during a They allegedly sent in an inoperable Soledad Brothers pretrial hearing in gun and fake explosives. San Francisco. The dramatic charges are contained After his arrest, Cox continues, Carr in an affidavit filed with the California was interrogated by police officials . Supreme Court by Frank Cox, Marin who let him know that they had County chief deputy public defender. obtained information that he had Cox is serving as attorney for David embezzled large sums of money from Johnson, one of the San Quentin Six. the Angela Davis and Soledad Broth­ The six are now being tried for alleged ers defense funds. This was used as a participation in the "escape" attempt, club to force Carr to participate in in which Jackson, two other prisoners, setting Jackson up for a predoomed and three guards died. escape attempt. A central target of the charges by Cox in both the courthouse shoot-out Escape plot and the San Quentin incident is the "Carr was persuaded," Cox declares, sinister Criminal Conspiracy Section New revelations point to cop role in planning 1970 Marin County Courthouse shoot­ "to feign participation in the plot to (CCS) of the Los Angeles Police De­ out (above), and 1971 San Quentin 'escape' attempt in which George Jackson was free George Jackson, under threat of partment. killed. probable death, by covert leaking of In the affidavit Cox cited unnamed information to revolutionary cadres." confidential sources and Louis Tack­ Panther activists to seize hostages at fire. Jonathan Jackson, two prisoners, The Cox affidavit states that in the wood, a former Los Angeles police the courthouse in order to win the and Haley were killed. Magee still spring and summer of 1971, Carr informer and provocateur. Tackwood release of George Jackson. Jackson faces a murder charge in the case. began sending Jackson coded publicly disclosed his role as a CCS was then being held in San Quentin The case of Angela Davis also messages through Stephen Bingham, operative in November of 1971. He along with Fleeta Drumgo and John stemmed from this. She was tried-and who was Carr's attorney at the time. charged at that time that the CCS had Cluchette-the Soledad Brothers-on acquitted-of charges of conspiring These messages, Cox states, · were advance knowledge of the Marin trumped-up charges of killing a Sole­ with Magee to plan the incident. monitored· by state police and the Los courthouse shoot-out and the Jackson dad prison guard. After Jackson was Angeles CCS and "were to some degree escape attempt. (Much of Tackwood's killed, Drumgo and Cluchette were Cops were 'participants' designed by these covert agencies." disclosures appear in the book The acquitted of this charge. According to Cox, Sherritt and Cox further asserts that information Glass House Tapes, edited by Donald Cox said the CCS learned of the Mahoney of the CCS were present in his possession "specifically exoner­ Freed.) courthouse plan from Melvin "Cotton" when the police gunned down the ates Stephen Bingham from know­ The present charges by attorney Cox Smith, a leading Los Angeles Panther participants in the aborted plan. And, ledge of the coded nature of these came as part of an effort to win a court who later testified for the prosecution his affidavit asserts, both cops were messages." order for the release of relevant police in the Los Angeles trial of the Panther "participants in the incident." Bingham was charged at the time of reports and tape recordings. Thirteen. (At that trial · Louis Tack­ Thereafter, Cox states, police surveil­ the prison shoot-out with having Cox charges that the CCS learned wood testified that Cotton Smith had lance and infiltration of those involved smuggled a gun to Jackson, and he through an agent of a plan by Black not simply turned state's evidence but was intensified. Among those under disappeared. Cox suggests that actual- had been an agent of the CCS from the surveillance was James Carr, a lead- Continued on page 26 outset.) Cox told the court, as Tackwood had· asserted earlier, that two CCS cops, Don Mahoney and Robert Sherritt, arrived in the Bay Area the day before Group seeks secret files the Marin shoot-out and predicted to Cox's informants exactly what was SAN FRANCISCO-In a tele­ began a massive destruction of the going to happen. phone interview, Donald Freed, of files. According to Cox, George Jackson's the Citizens Research and Investi­ Freed charged that one reason for younger brother, Jonathan Jackson, gative Committee in Los Angeles, their haste in doing so was that was recruited to carry weapons into said that since the disclosure of the they feared disclosure of the role of the courthouse where the others would court affidavit by Frank Cox, Louis the Criminal Conspiracy Section take them and seize hostages. Tackwood has received death (CCS) in the bloody Marin County threats, forcing him into hiding. courthouse shoot-out and the equal­ Freed also recalled the recent ly bloody police-engineered Jackson At the very last minute, Cox says, a disclosures in Los Angeles that for "escape." number of people, sensing a police forty years the Los Angeles Police Freed said that he and other setup, withdrew from participation. Department has been maintaining concerned Los Angeles citizens were Jonathan Jackson, Ruchell Magee, secret dossiers on thousands of planning court action to block and two others went ahead, seizing citizens and numerous organiza­ further destruction of police files Judge Harold Haley. tions. He noted that immediately and to win the opening of these As they sought to flee with their after these disclosures the police files. George Jackson hostages, police opened a barrage of

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