DECEMBER 19, 1975 25 CENTS VOLUME 39/NUMBER 47

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

[The following statement was re­ leased December 10 by Peter Camejo and Willie Mae Reid, Socialist Workers party candidates for president and vice­ president.] Early this morning racist opponents of desegregation fire bombed the office of the~ NAACP in Boston. The home of a Black minister was also fire bombed. The terrorists struck in retaliation against yesterday's decision by a federal judge to take South Boston High School out of the hands of the Boston School Committee, which has done everything in its power to block court-ordered desegregation. [See news story on page 4.] The night-riding terror squads of the antibusing movement have thus served notice once again that they will resort to any means-including murderous violence-to deny Black students the right to attend desegregated schools in Boston. These outrageous attacks must be met with a nationwide outpouring of solidarity with Militant/Jon Hillson BOSTON-Black students have braved racist abuse to attend the NAACP, which has been in the forefront of the fight for desegregated education. They desegregated schools. Court order taking 'Southie' High out of must be met with demands that Boston hands of all-white school committee has been met with renewed Mayor Kevin White arrest and prosecute the antibusing violence. Continued on page 10

-PAGE 3 THIS \ WEEK'S In Brief ' MILITANT CALIF. STUDENTS PROTEST ARMED CAMPUS December 8, nine elections for union representation have 3 Women unionists debate COPS: Students at the Chico and Sonoma campuses of been held. With th~ UFW victorious in eight, the ninth has future of CLUW California State University are protesting the recent been challenged because of grower intimidation and decision to arm all campus police. Under the chancellor's harassment of the UFW and its supporters. Two of the UFW 4 Boston racists bomb order, all cops in the state university system are now victories were on ranches previously under Teamster office of NAACP required to carry guns. In Sonoma, twenty-five students contract. The drive was spurred by a fiesta in Calexico on 5 What good are Black were arrested in a sit-in at the administration building December 7. Conducted entirely in Spanish, the day-long elected officials? December 5. More than 200 Chico students continue a sit-in affair rallied 1,000 of the area's farm workers. begun Decemb€r 3. In a referendum on the second and third Meanwhile, in Los Angeles County, the UFW and its 6 Demand grows for new days of the Chico sit-in, 89 percent of students voting supporters will begin a march December 14 to publicize and inquiry into King murder demanded that campus police not be armed. Students are win support in the struggle to win union contracts. The 7 Future of unions considering further actions on a statewide level to pressure march will take participants from the San Fernando Valley state administrators when campuses open again in Janu­ through key areas of ·Los Angeles and will culminate in the at stake in N.Y. C .. ary. barrio of East Los Angeles with a rally on December 20. 8 Tribute to Filipino farm workers PGH. TEACHERS FIGHT STRIKEBREAKING: On 'NO HIKE, NO WAY,' SAY MD. STUDENTS: Chanting strike since December 1, Pittsburgh teachers now face a new "No hike, no way," more than 300 students at the 9 Interview with leader of strikebreaking tactic by the board of education. The board is University of Maryland Baltimore County campus picketed 'Washington Post' strike trying to force students and substitute teachers to scab by a Maryland Board of Regents meeting November 21. The 13 Atlanta Black students: setting up "special centers" for seniors at three city high regents voted in September to increase undergraduate 'Why we joined YSA' schools. Students who do not attend "classes" at the tuition next year by sixty dollars, making it one of the centers, the board claims, will not graduate next June. The highest for state universities in the country. Although the 14 Camejo confronts Democrats Pittsburgh Federation of Teachers has denounced .the tuition hike was not on the agenda, the regents reluctantly at Ma_ss. gathering board's actions in "educating students to be strikebreakers" agreed to hear Jack Neil, vice-president of the Student and has promised to mobilize several hundred teachers in Government Association, speak in opposition to the in­ 15 Cuban exile convicted in picket lines around the three schools. crease. attack on Coral forum The action's organizer, the Student Coalition Against 16 Portugal: junta steps up CIA RECRUITER SPARKS MICH. PROTESTS: A CIA Tuition Hikes, plans more activities for the spring semester. attacks on workers recruiter on campus touched off a series of protests at Among proposals being considered is a statewide march on Michigan State University in East Lansing November 19- the state capitol in Annapolis. 18 Spanish worke-rs, 20. A rally and picket line on the first day was joined by 300 students demand rights students. One of the most popular slogans was, "Out now! CONGRESS VOTES UP ANTIBUSING BILL: , Con­ Out now! CIA off campus!" The next day students held a sit­ gress has passed a bill prohibiting the Department of 28 Who ordered CIA in and speak-out inside the placement center, where· they Health, Education and Welfare from ordering busing to to kill Castro? demanded to speak with the CIA recruiter. The recruiter told achieve school desegregation. The antibusing measure, part campus officials, however, that he had been given "strict of a bill giving · $45 billion to HEW and the Labor 2 In Brief instructions" not to speak with any large group of students. Department, now goes to President Ford. He's expected to veto it-only because it's more money than he had recom­ 10 In Our Opinion At a meeting of the school's board of trustees November mended. -Nancy Cole Letters 21, students presented a letter pointing to the recent revelations of CIA assassination plots and demanding that 11 National Picket Line the trustees end MSU complicity with the CIA. By Any Means Necessary CLEMENCY BAIT REJECTED BY JOHN ARTIS: 12 Women In Revolt John Artis has rejected a state maneuver to pit him against Their Government Hurricane Carter. The two were framed up for a 1966 triple Our party· is ;La Raza en Acci6n! murder in a New Jersey tavern. Appointed in September to 25 In Review: 'Money' investigate the murders, state legislator Eldridge Hawkins recently promised Artis "immediate clemency so [he] can be your part~ tool WORLD OUTLOOK home by Christmas." The only catch was that Artis would 19 Lisbon's assa_ult on have to sign a confession placing both himself and Carter democratic rights outside the tavern on the night of the killings, thus only "conspiring" to commit the murders. "I won't sign the 20 Interview with Jiri statement," said Artis, "because it's not true." Pelikan on Czech dissident movement ACLU SUES FBI: The American Civil Liberties Union filed a class-action lawsuit in Philadelphia December 2 21 Iranian author denounces seeking an end to all FBI Cointelpro-type activities. The suit shah's terrorism points to the harassment of Black activist Muhammad Kenyatta while working with the Jackson, Mississippi, Human Rights Project at Tougaloo College in 1969. In THE MILITANT addition, it requests $125,000 in damages for each of the VOLUME 39/NUMBER 47 victims of 362 separate Cointelpro actions. DECEMBER 19, 1975 CLOSING NEWS DATE-DEC. 10 FBI TURNS OVER 'HOODWINK' FILES: The FBI released files under the Freedom of Information Act Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS YOU HAVE BEEN READING THE MILITANT and know it as December 5 on its Cointelpro operation known as "Hood­ Managing Editor: LARRY SEIGLE the newspaper that fights for the interests of working people. Business Manager: ROSE OGDEN wink." According to the FBI, it was "a long-range program The Militant presents the views of the Socialist Workers party. Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING to disrupt the Communist Party of the United States by If you agree with what we say, now is the time for you to join Washington Bureau: CINDY JAQUITH setting it against La Costra Nostra (LCN)." It included the SWP .... THE SWP IS MADE UP OF working people like fabricating leaflets and letters to the CP's newspaper, the Published weekly by The Militant Publishing you. The more who join, the better we can fight together for Ass'n., 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Worker, that attacked La Cosa Nostra, or Mafia, activities. decent living and working conditions ... _ JOIN THE Telephone: Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Busi­ The goal was to spur retaliation by the Mafia, but the FBI RANKS OF THE SWP and help us to build a better world for ness Office (212) 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 710 claims it just didn't work. "None of the variety of S. Westlake Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90057. humanity-a socialist world. Fill out the coupon below and counterintelligence actions undertaken in this program Telephone: (213) 483-2798. Washington Bureau mail it today. 1345 E. St. NW., Fourth Floor, Washington, D.C. have produced substantial tangible results," said the New 20004. Telephone: (202) 638-4081. York field office in July 1968. Correspondence concerning subscriptions or changes of address should be addressed to The Militant Business Office, 14 Charles Lane, New ..• MEANWHILE, PUBLIC ESTEEM FOR FBI DIPS: Join the Socialist York, N.Y. 10014. Surprise of surprises, a Gallup poll has found that public Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. esteem for the FBI has declined considerably in recent Subscriptions: domestic, $7 50 a ye~; foreign, years. In 1965, 84 percent gave the bureau a "highly Workers party! $11.00. By first-class mail: domestic, Canada, and Mexico, $32; all other countries, $53. By airmail: favorable" rating. Last month it was 37 percent. When the domestic, Canada, and Mexico, $42. By air printed ratings first started dropping in the late 1960s and early 0 I want to join the SWP. matter: Central America and Caribbean, $40; . 1970s, the Gallup group says, it was disenchantment among 0 Please send more informc;ttion. Mediterranean Africa, Europe, and South America, 0 Enclosed is $1 for a two-month subscription to the $52; USSR, Asia, Pacific, and Africa, $62. Write for younger adults, especially those with college backgrounds, Militant. foreign sealed air postage rates. living in "the East. But the lastest decline is across-the­ For subscriptions airmailed from New York and board. then posted from London directly to Britain, Name Ireland, and Continental Europe: £1.50 for eight The CIA's problems are even worse. Only 14 percent of issues, £3.50. for six months, £6.50 for one year. those polled gave it a highly favorable rating. Address Send banker's draft or international postal order City ______State ___ Zip ___ (payable to Pathfinder Press) to Pathfinder Press, 47 The Cut, London, SE1 8LL, England. Inquire for air rates from London at the same address. FARM WORKERS BEGIN NEW ORGANIZING Telephone ------­ Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily DRIVE: The United Farm Workers have begun an SWP, 14 Charles Lane,. New York, New York 10014 represent the Militant's views. These are expressed organizing drive in California's Imperial Valley. As of in editorials.

2 • 1,000 unionists at convention Women debate future of CLUW By Cindy Jaquith and Ginny Hildebrand DETROIT-The first constitutional convention of the Coalition of Labor Union Women (CLUW) took place here December 5-7, with 1,004 women from sixty unions registered as voting dele­ gates. - For many CLUW activists attend­ ing, the debate at the convention helped clarify two opposing perspec­ tives within the organization and showed that discussion over these perspectives will continue. One perspective. is for CLUW to be an organization that unequivocally fights for the interests of working women· in the unions and on the job. Supporters of this viewpoint are activ­ . : ., •,.·. ists in local CLUW chapters who want Delegates vote for action campaign to to involve rank-and-file union women. The second perspective is held by the official leadership of CLUW, gathered around CLUW President Olga Madar, But many CLUW activists had The perfunctory discussion and when she stated, "It is particularly a retired vice-president of the United another opinion about what should quick vote on the agenda stood in important that union women make Auto Workers. This perspective pro­ happen at the convention. Prior to contrast to the handling of an earlier this fight a top priority, because we jects CLUW as a paper organization December 5, the CLUW chapter in discussion, on convention rules. Dur­ could be a decisive factor in mobilizing involving only labor officials and staff Houston initiated a call for a caucus of ing that discussion, in the name of ERA support under the leadership of women, not a fighting organization all women who wanted to add time fm: "democracy," CLUW officials not only the unions." mobilizing union women in struggle. political discussion to the agenda. allowed, but encouraged, a long, The Mader leadership, bent on mak­ In keeping with this perspective, the These activists, who included mem­ dragged-out discussion. This was de­ ing CLUW a do-nothing organization, Madar leadership organized the con­ bers of the Socialist Workers party, signed to try the patience oC the fought this proposal even though vention in su:ch a way as to try to wanted the convention to s.chedule an delegates and convince them 'that any CLUW is on record in support of the prevent discussion on political issues open discussion on affirmative action attempts to change Madar's proposals ERA. and action perspectives. No effort was and seniority and to outline action would result in tedious, useless quib­ Leaders of the caucus from the made to bring large numbers of rank­ campaigns in support of the Equal bling. American Federation of Teachers, the and-file women to the gathering. In­ Rights Amendment and full employ­ In their strategy of wearing down union headed by Albert Shanker, lined stead, as a show of hands indicated at ment. the delegates, the convention organiz­ up at the microphone to speak. They the outset of the convention, well over On the opening night of the conven­ ers made use of a small number of insisted that while they support the half the delegates were appointed or tion, 200 supporters attended a meet­ women who tried to challenge the ERA, the proposed amendment should elected staff women and officials. ing of the Houston caucus. Linn undemocratic procedures in a sectarian be rejected because a proposal for This was done to maintain control McDonald, head of Houston CLUW, way. These delegates, supporters of the actively fighting for the ERA had no over the convention and silence a chaired the meeting, which worked out Maoist October League and the Inter­ place in a Statement of Purpose. discussion that has been brewing in a strategy for the agenda fight. national Socialists, fell into Madar's Caryl Towner of New York CLUW ·cLUW for months-the discussion Madar had prepared for this chal­ trap. They spent all their time hag­ spoke in favor of the amendment. "It over affirmative action versus strict lenge. In her president's report on gling over secondary rules and articles would be a narrow-minded mistake," seniority. Saturday morning, she laid down the in the constitution, rather than Towner argued, "to omit an aff'Irllla­ line on affirmative action. The issue of presenting a clear political program for tion of union women's commitment to 'Fierce debate' seniority and affirmative action, she building CLUW. winning the ERA." As the Detroit Free Press explained argued, had been discussed and settled "With the recent ERA defeats," in an article printed the day before the by the NCC. ERA actions debated Towner continued, "more than ever convention opened, "An issue not on But a political debate developed women need an action orientation to t}].e agenda, but which could create during the discussion of CLUW's win the ERA, and the intention of some fierce debate, is the question of Statement of Purpose, which is part of union women to help organize that whether CLUW will continue to strong­ the constitution. Marilyn Marcus, a fight belongs in our Statement of ·ly defend the seniority system. The New York supporter of the Houston Purpose." dissidents insist the seniority system caucus, proposed an amendment read­ In spite of the opposition mounted by should be modified because it runs ing: "Until final ratification of the the AFT, Madar, and members of the counter to affirmative-action for wom­ ERA is won, CLUW will make the Communist party, 60 percent of the en. fight for the ERA a priority through a delegates voted for the amendment. "But CLUW President Olga Madar mass-action and educational cam­ . .. . said the only item. to be debated is paign." Chapter representation that of the adoption of a constitution." The enthusiastic response greeting Another debate exploded the other­ At stake in this debate are the jobs of this amendment showed how the wise tedious discussion on the constitu­ millions of Blacks and women, jobs defeat of state ERAs in New York and tion. This one focused on the question that are being wiped out according to New Jersey has sparked a sense of of CLUW chapter representation on the "last hired, first fired" principle. urgency among many women. The the National Executive Board (NEB). Rather than acting to protect same concern was revealed in the The Madar leadership proposed that affirmative-action gains, the conserva­ cheers that met a speech focusing on only CLUW chapters with 100 or more tive officials of the AFL-CIO and UAW the ERA struggle given by Rep. Bella Continued on page 26 have argued that "strict seniority" Abzug later in the convention. must be observed during layoffs, thus Even George Meany felt compelled to placing the jobs of white, male, more acknowledge this sentiment in his privileged workers above those of message to the CLUW convention. women and Blacks. Militant/Linda Jenness Meany stated, "As the AFL-CIO con­ Jean Tussey, author of resolution This issue first came up for debate in vention made dear, we are ready to defending affirmative action, speaks at CLUW at its National Coordinating cooperate with CLUW on programs of Committee (NCC) meeting May 31- convention. common interest, particularly the June 1. At that meeting, Cleveland passage of the Equal Rights Amend­ CLUW "leader Jean Tussey presented a After Madar's agenda proposal was ment, which must be a priority matter resolution .for CLUW to "oppose in presented, Sylvia Weinstein, a suppor­ to the entire trade-union movement." every way possible any reduction ter of the Houston caucus and a But many women at the CLUW con­ through layoffs in the proportionate member of San Francisco CLUW, took vention ch:arly wanted more than number of women and minority work­ the floor to propose that three hours be words. ers hired under affirmative action set aside that evening to discuss "We've just suffered a stunning programs.'' affirmative action, the ERA, and defeat in New York and New Jersey," · The Madar leadership, which toes CLUW's program to fight for jobs for Marcus told the convention. "This the reactionary line of AFL-CIO Presi­ all. shows that no state, whether or not it dent George Meany and UAW Presi­ has ratified the Equal Rights Amend­ dent Leonard Woodcock on this ques­ Discussion stifled ment, is safe. I can't imagine going tion, defeated the Tussey resolution by However, the question was quickly back to my CLUW chapter without a slim majority. Then, to prevent the called, and the Houston amendment some kind of action proposal for the issue from coming up at the conven­ was voted down before there was time ERA. We need a national action MilitanVSusan Ellis tion, they drew up an agenda with only to fully clarify the proposal for all the perspective that will enable CLUW to 'More than ever women need an action. two points-the adoption of a constitu­ delegates. Nevertheless, 30 percent of be fighting for the ERA, organizing for orientation to win the ERA,' argues tion and the election of national offi­ the women supported the Houston it, and getting it passed in '76." Caryl Towner, CLUW delegate from cers. proposal. Jean Tussey was also well received New York.

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 19, 1975 3 Racist violence greets court order taking 'Southie' away from all-white school board By Jon Hillson said the decision gave South Boston "a racist treatment of its youth," he said, BOSTON, Dec. 10-Racist vigilantes chance to return to the educational "that compelled Judge Garrity to invaded the· Black community early fold." He called for the school commit­ enforce the law of the land ... even in this morning, fire bombing the head· tee to be "quarantined" if they don't South Boston." quarters of the Boston NAACP. The comply with the order. Dixon warned of the danger of more explosion shattered glass, set fires, and Atkins also blasted the terrorist violence. Joining in the call for a full destroyed files of the organization. The attacks of the racists. He pledged that Justice Department investigation of home of a Black minister, James Cole­ they would "not stop the NAACP from the NAACP bombing, he urged a man, was also fire bombed. continuing to provide the service readiness "to picket and march, to Today, Black students in South which has always been our principal demonstrate and rally, to demand that Boston High School were assaulted by mm.. " these lawbreakers-from the corridor whites. Two of the Black students were gangs of young racist toughs to their hospltalized, including one who had At a separate news conference this adult backers and the politicians who been pushed through a glass door. afternoon, Ellen Jackson, speaking for egg them on-be dealt the full force of Yesterday, bomb threats compelled the Coordinated Social Services Coun­ the law." the evacuation of the National Center cil, called on the Justice Department to Other speakers a-t the news confer­ for Afro-American Artists in Roxbury. investigate threats made on the ence included Elma Lewis; Rev. Willi­ Elma Lewis, a prominent Black com­ NAACP by individuals connected with am Weeks, head of the Black Ministeri­ munity leader who directs the center, the antibusing South Boston InfQrma­ al Alliance; Cambridge minister received phone threats at her home. tion Center. Charles Smith; and Black community "We serve notice," said Jackson, organizer Anthony Banks. The wave of terrorist attacks fol­ "that the attacks on the Black commu­ Racist leaders have openly threat­ lowed the• announcement by U.S. nity will not be tolerated." ened more violence. Democratic city District Court Judge W. Arthur Garrity Roxbury Multi-Service Center direc­ council member Louise Day Hicks that he was placing South Boston tor Percy Wilson told the news confer­ proclaimed, "Responsible leaders in High School in receivership. The racist ence, "The question is now out in the South Boston have been working Boston School Committee, said Garri­ open: To what extent are Boston's quietly to avoid community distur­ ty, has been using its authority to leaders and decision makers going to bances. Now, in light of this unjust obstruct court-ordered desegregation at allow themselves to be intimidated by decision, it will be extremely difficult the school. a relatively small band of violators of to continue this process successfully." Garrity assumed direct responsibili­ the law and arch-foes of-the democratic Hicks's bald lie about "responsible ty for "Southie." All administrative process?" leaders" won't fool anyone. What personnel, including headmaster Wil­ counts is her prediction of violence. liam Reid,-are to be transferred. Maceo Dixon, a coordinator of the This is the racists' favorite device for National Student Coalition Againsf issuing their calls to action. Black community leaders hailed the Racism, also spoke at the news confer­ order. However, many noted that only ence. Dixon termed Garrity's court The Garrity order will only be time will tell how effective it will be in order "a blow to the forces of racism implemented, and the safety of Black _halting racist attacks on Black stu­ and reaction who have played havoc students guaranteed, if there is a dents. with the lives of Black youth. visible countermobilization of the Boston NAACP President Thomas "It was the public rage and anger of Black community and its allies in the Judge Garrity leaving 'Southie' before Atkins, at a news conference today, the Black community over the crude, face of these threats. handing down court order.

Will return to North Carolina Robert Williams battles frame-up charge By AI Duncan charges in North Carolina and get it designed to cause suspicions that I was this frame-up. They'll have to answer and John Hawkins over with once and for all," Williams working with counterrevolutionary why all these things took place, who BALDWIN, Mich.-This small town, said in an interview. "And the sooner I Cuban exiles. Rumors were spread by a ordered them, who's connected with about four hours outside ~f Detroit, is a can get through this mess the sooner I number of 'visitors' to Cuba, claiming them, and what's the meaning of these predominantly Black community can have my freedom." that my aim was to incite racial incidents." where Robert F. Williams has made his The alleged kidnapping occurred in violence in Cuba and that the real Williams brought out an article from home for the past few years. Williams, 1961 when a white, out-of-town couple, reason why I fled the U.S. was to avoid the December 4 Monroe Inquirer-Jour­ the Monroe, North Carolina, civil the Stegalls, innocently drove through trial. for raping a fourteen-year-old girl. nal in which Mabel Stegall stated "she rights leader who fled the country in a Black section of Monroe and were Similar incidents occurred during my wanted nothing said about the 'whole 1961, returned in 1969, and has been taken from their car and led to Wil­ stay in China." thing,' and 'didn't want to be a part of fighting extradition since, has decided liams's home by Blacks who feared for The pattern of harassment of Wil­ it.' " to return to North Carolina to fight their safety. The measure was taken liams continued when he sought to In the same article Monroe District trumped-up kidnapping charges. after some Blacks had threatened return to the United States in 1969. Attorney Carroll Lowder is reported as The forty-nine-year-old Black man retaliation against any whites they "When I landed in London on the saying "he understood her reluctance made his decision after the Michigan saw because the Black community was way home from Cairo, British officials and that it would be hard for her to Supreme Court on December 1 refused~ under an armed attack by the Ku Klux dragged me off the plane and said they recall exactly events that happened so to block his extradition. Klan and other racist elements. were detaining me because the FBI long ago, but felt that if Williams came "The time is ripe to take on these Williams, president of the Monroe had told them I was carrying arms and to trial again Mrs. Stegall would do NAACP, was a leader of Black resist­ ammunition on the plane." what was necessary." ance to the Klan. He was charged, Since Williams's return to this coun­ "They wanted to get me for political along with four others, with kidnap­ try, harassment by government agen­ reasons then and still do now," Wil­ ping. cies has continued. The FBI has liams said. "The reason was because I "I have a taped interview that a visited campuses where he was sche­ advocated armed self-defense and B,ritish correspondent did with Mrs. duled to speak to discourage his being Black unity on an international scale Stegall, where she says that they had allowed to speak. While Williams was and because I tried to internationalize gone home and forgotten about the working under a fellowship at the the Black movement." whole matter until the police came University of Michigan, the FBI went Williams discussed his plans to with the press and made it a kidnap­ there for a visit. defend himself both in the court and ping," Williams recalled of the inci­ "The idea was to burn me on my outside it. Jerry Paul, cocounsel for the dent, in which the Stegalls were held job," he said, "to pressure the universi­ defense in the Joanne Little trial, and for a short time and then released ty to get rid of me." Anonymous letters William Kunstler have agreed to act as when it was certain they could proceed were written to the university demand­ his defense attorneys. safely. "The whole thing was a frame­ ing that Williams be fired because he "A number of organizations have up from beginning to end-political was a "subversive." offered to help out in my defense," said harassment from the start." "I did't realize it then," he said, "but Williams, "and I hope they all do. During his exile abroad, Williams now, looking back at it, I'm sure that What is needed is a defense committee was the victim of political harassment. most of these letters were fake. They that anyone and everyone that sup­ He recounted numerous incidents dur­ didn't come from real people but from ports my defense can participate in. ing his stays in Cuba and China that agencies like the FBI. The truth about this frame-up has got paint a vivid picture of the tenacious "All this harassment can be docu­ to be gotten out. Funds for legal snooping and hounding by U.S. gov­ mented and will be a big part of what expenses have to be raised. In addi­ ernment agents he has had to put up the trial is all about. These things tion, we'll have to have volunteers to with. make it clear that any trial on these work on the legal aspects of the case­ "Letters were sent to me in Cuba," charges is a political trial. We're going going through various files and rec-" Williams speaks about his case during he said, "postmarked Miami, with just to subpoena the federal records, the ords to document the government: recent tour sponsored by National one mysterious-sounding sentence, state records, the county records; and harassment that's at the bottom of this Student Coalition Against Racism. 'same time, same beach.' They were the city records to tear the covers off thing."

4 ·Black World'· P-OSes guestion What good are Black elected officials? By Baxter Smith Deteriorating social conditions and the harsh effects of the depression continue to vex the Black community, and many see no relief on the way. The forecast for a solution to Black problems through the coming presiden­ tial election is cloudy, at best, and most Blacks see no one . among the Democratic or Republican presidential aspirants capable of turning the coun­ try around-of offering a New Deal, a good deal, or even a fair deal. Growing numbers of Black activists and thinkers are beginning to ponder what, if any, hope- the American system itself still holds for Blacks. Radicalizing events since the 1972 elections have helped generate such thinking-for example, the liberation triumphs in Portuguese Africa and Black Democratic and Republican politicians have done next to nothing to improve conditions . in Black community Southeast Asia and the gai~ing of formal independence by Black­ governed countries in South America · and the Caribbean. community, then at least ·to remind it-and these are measures the 'lead­ which should get wide circulation in More and more Blacks today are them of their image. ers' dare not make for fear of losing the Black movement-Fuller said he drawing radical conclusions. Fuller's criticisms come in his col­ their credence and status on- the got "a sheepish look" from Andrew A score of influential militants have umn and in a signed editorial. periphery of the white world; and no Young (D-Ga.) when he encountered drawn anticapitalist or prosocialist Pointing out that Blacks are still steps will be taken to lift Black people him recently, and "a lot of what was conclusions, and a debate has stirred powerless, Fuller says that those "who out of perpetual poverty precisely said during the [annual Black Caucus] over the direction of the Black struggle benefit most from the jobs held by the because such a move would collide dinner ·and after the dinner was that has shaken many individuals and BEO's are the BEO's themselves." He head-on with the meani(lg of America, reaction to the criticism in the maga­ organizations in the Black community. says that Black elected officials have· which is, essentially, the maintenance zine." Even the Nation of Islam-the largest created no waves and played by the of an exploitable population-and fomiedy all-Black political organiza­ rules of the game. since Blacks are the pariahs of Ameri­ 'Free of illusions' tion in~ the country-has modified its "Most of those 3,503 representa­ ca, Blacks are that population. It is While at no point is Fuller specifical­ views, is now accepting whites into tives," Fuller writes, "have to walk on dangerous to take seriously the idea of ly critical of Black elected officials for ·membership, and has become involved ice-if not dance at the end of strings ending pove~y in America and the being standard-bearers of the racist in some social struggles. dangled by manipulators." psychological and political impoteace Democratic and Republican parties, "In Chicago," he continues, "where which make that poverty inevitable." his overall criticisms are nonetheless Demands to produce Blacks constitute at least a third of the (Emphasis in original.) valid. Because of this heightened political population at present and should hold Black elected officials, 99 percent of consciousness, Black elected officials commensurate power, the certainty is Congressional Black Caucus them Democratic and Republican and other Black leaders are finding that the large number of BEO's-in Fuller's powerful and accurate criti­ party members, are-as Fuller states­ themselves under increased demands keeping with their long tradition-will cisms of Black .elected officials also powerless; and "will endorse whatever by Blacks to produce, to bring about endorse whatever programs the whites extend to the Congressional Black programs the whites in power instruct social and economic relief, and to be in power instruct them to support. In - Caucus (CBC). them to support" precisely because the more accountable to the.Black commu­ Chicago, the lesson is that all bless­ ''When BLACK WORLD made Democratic and Republican parties nity. ings come from The Machine, to which known its intention of including the were never designed to be parties to These demands wil(get louder as the all homage is paid." Congressionar Black Caucus in its empower Blacks. social crisis deepens and as the '76 In Ne~ark and Gary, he says, there annual issue on the Political Situation ~ Led by Dixiecrats, reactionaries, and elections draw near. In response there are Black mayors who "have been in in the Black World, the executive editor anti-Black bigots, both of those parties will be movement and activity by some office at least a couple of terms now, was warned not to expect anything discourage taking steps "to lift Black Black elected officials to impart the and the power of Newark remains in substantial 'from that Mickey Mouse people out of perpetual poverty." And impression that they are getting on the the insurance company headquarters operation down in Washington,'" Full­ neither party is interested in "educat­ case. downtown, and the power in Gary is er wrote in his editorial. ing ordinary Black people to the true What can be viewed as the opening where it always was-in the executive The editorial comments on the tribu­ nature of their society and of their salvo in this process came in the offices of the steel mills." lations the CBC put Black World ordained role in it." October Black World. He charges that just as Black elected through when the magazine requested. That is the job a Black party will In two articles, Black World execu­ officials have proved to be powerless, answers to ten questions about its have to do. A party independent from tive editor Hoyt Fuller sharply criti­ Black institutions and self-help agenc activities and priorities. and in opposition to . the Democratic cizes the performance-and purpose­ cies are equally powerless and, docile. The answers to the questions, which and Republican parties. A party whose of Black elected officials (BEOs). "In no city in the country is there an were to be published in the October leaders "are seriously involved in go­ Black World is put out by the independent Black agency or institu­ Black World, were never given by the ing out into the community, trying to Johnson Publishing Company, which tion vigorously involved in attacking CBC. And the editorial leads the work with the people on their terms also puts out Ebony and Jet. None of the roots of Black impotence and reader to believe the CBC gave Black and organize them to do something its publications are designed to en­ poverty. The reasons are as simple as World the runaround when pressed to about their own situation." lighten and organize Blacks against they are scandalous: No serious efforts reply to the frank questions. _Leaders of a Black party could also their oppression. But the appearance of will be made to deal with Black "The experience, of course, taught us carry the interests of the Black commu­ the artides indicates that criticism of impotence because that would mean why the Black Caucus remains relat­ nity into the electoral arena. They Black elected officials can reach even uncovering the myths of 'making it' in ively 'invisible,'" Fuller writes, "and could campaign and get elected to into the highest levels of Black America and educating ordinary Black why it is not considered seriously as a public office and continue to promote "achievement," if not to advise them people to the true nature of their force in the affairs of the national the Black community's interests there, what measures would aid the Black society and of their ordained role in Black community which so urgently unlike the Black elected officials Fuller needs attention to its worsening eco­ criticizes. nomic and political plight." "Black people need to be politicaiTy In a telephone interview about his active, of course," Fuller concludes, reasons for publishing the articles, "we need to vote; we need to take part Fuller reiterated his criticisms of Black in the day-to-day events which deter­ elected officials. mine the quality of our lives. However, "They don't serve the interests of we need to do it free of illusions. We Black people," he said. When placed need to know exactly what we are under the spotlight, he added, they voting for, and for whom, and what we tend to "make speeches and give can expect in realiStic terms from the interviews," but there are only "onE;) or people we choose to represent us and two instances where Black elected the forces with which those represen­ officials are seriously involved in tatives are aligned. going out into the community, trying "And we need to understand, ulti­ to work with the people on their terms mately, as things are, that our votes and organize them to do something are going to have only as much power about their own situation." as the men and institutions which "We just tho\lght that the Black. control the economy and the country American public deserves some sort of want them to have. To change the way report on what they're doing," Fuller things are, we must change ourselves." Congressional Black Caucus meeting with President Ford. 'Black World' says CBC remarked about his questions for the In a future article we'll take a look at 'remains relatively invisible and is not considered seriously as a force in the affairs of CBC. an attempt to "change the way things the Black community.' Since publication of the articles- are."

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 19, 1975 5 Blacks, unionists s~eak out .. Demand grows for new inquiry into King slaying By Baxter Smith Department "may be well-intended, look into the Memphis, Tennessee, the city and find the ideal location for If an FBI finger did not squeeze the hut it is wholly unsatisfactory for the murder. the crime in the two-and-a-half hours trigger, an FBI hand surely loaded the Justice Department to investigate its Jesse Jackson, Ralph Abernathy, between the time he arrived and the gun that killed Martin Luther King, own agency, the FBI." She said an Hosea Williams, Willie Mae Reid, time the police said he shot Kiri.g from according to a growing number of independent investigation is needed. Julian Bond, and Dick Gregory are a sniper's nest in Bessie Brewer's Black leaders who have called for a The Montgomery appeal is the most among other Black leaders who have rooming house? new investigation irtto the 1968 slay- recent of many demanding another called for a new probe into whether • Who are the "white Southerners" ing. James Earl Ray, King's convicted that Ray says have inside information "A total, new, and complete investi­ assassin, acted alone or was part of an_ on the plans to assassinate King? gation of the assassination of Dr. FBI conspiracy. • Did Ray have an accomplice? If Martin Luther King" was called for by Besides Black leaders, others are not, then why 'did his suitcase, which the organizers of the twentieth anniv­ calling for a new inquiry. was found with the discarded murder ersary commemoration of. the Mont­ Marc Stepy, United Automobile weapon, also contain someone else's gomery, Alabama, bus boycott, which Workers vice-president, stated Decem­ clothes, including skivvies that "Ray King helped to lead. ber 4 that "the assassination of Martin couldn't have gotten his 'big toe into," Luther King, Jr., should be reopened, according to his former lawyer? Longtime civil rights leaders E.D. investigated to the fullest extent, and a • Who are "Raoul" (the "blond Nixon, the man who suggested the full disclosure of the findings made to Latin") and the underworld figures boycott; Rosa Parks, who touched off the American public." that Ray says inveigled him into the 1955 protest after she refused to Stepp added that such an investiga­ becoming the patsy in the assassina­ yield her bus seat to a white person; tion is "long overdue in light of recent tion plot? Dr. King's father; his widow; and revelations of past practices of certain • How was Ray, a petty drug racket­ Johnnie Carr, president of the Mont­ agencies of the government." eer, able to finance his way around gomery Improvement Association, Revelations of those practices in the Canada and England for th:r;ee months made the appeal. King case-which could be brought out with hundreds of FBI agents supposed­ "For years this movement has been in an independent investigation­ ly on his trail before he was caught? the target of spying, harassment, and would provide the missing pieces in the These questions need answers, but in other illegal acts" by the FBI, Carr puzzle surrounding the King case. view of their secret plans to knock said of the civil rights movement at the • How would Ray, a stranger to King "off his pedestal," the FBI will be December 5 festivities. She said a Memphis, allegedly without assistance providing few of them. An independent review of the case by the Justice KING: Did FBI pull the trigger? or information, have been able to case investigation is needed.

Te~c~-in fights victimization of Black professor ·By Zora1da Vazquez . · But Brazil told the 135 students at Because of this joint appointment, SEATTLE-A teach-in was held the teach-in that the real reason was Chandler said, the Black Student here November 25 at the University of "because I'm Black and I happen to be Division also took a vote on tenure, Washington to demand tenure for Joe speaking out on my views." Brazil has and overwhelmingly recommended Brazil, a Black professor who teaches been outspoken on the need for more that it be granted. But this vote was jazz at the UW's music school. Black faculty and more Black courses ignored by the administration. Speakers included Brazil; Carmen at the university. Brazil said that his case was an. Maymi, a coordinator of the Seattle Brazil pointed out that it took two example of "a national trend of repri­ Student Coalition Against Racism; years to convince the music depart­ sals against Blacks." Trevor Chandler, former UW Black ment to give credit for his "History of Another teach-in for Brazil was held studies director; Thad Spratlen, presi­ Jazz" classes. "I thirik this is a very the same day at Seattle Central Com­ dent of the University Black Action valid aspect of culture that came out of munity College. Coml;llittee; Michael Lane, president of the United States and should be the UW Black Student Union; and taught," he said. Brazil has won support from a broad Eddie Rye, a spokesperson for the Records show that both his jazz and range of organizations and individu­ Central Seattle Community Council saxophone classes receive overflow 'als, including the Seattle Federation of Federation. registration, and as many as 100 Teachers; the MECHA at· Seattle Brazil, one of the two Black faculty students have been turned away for Central Community College; the Wom­ members at the music school, was lack of space. Furthermore, Brazil was en's Commission of the UW student denied tenure by the administration • never informed of committee meetings government; Burl Garnett, vice­ last spring. The official reasons given until he inquired and demanded to principal of the predominantly Black were that his teaching methods were attend. Garfield. High School; T.J. Vassar, unacceptable, he had not generated Trevor Chandler pointed out that educational director of the Seattle enough interest in the saxophone, and half of Brazil's salary was paid by the Urban League; and Vic Langford of Militant/Gregg Preston he had not attended committee meet­ Black Student Division of the Depart­ the Lutheran Church of the· Good JOE BRAZIL: Denied tenure 'because ings. ment of Minority Affairs. Shepherd. I'm Black and I speak out on my views.' Gov't tries to gag ex-FBI official, PROF charges By Nancy Cole In response to legal action by the government would prefer be kept quiet. it filed in federal court, Stapleton The Political Rights Defense Fund socialists' attorneys, a federal judge in Sullivan told Ovid Demaris, author of explained, "By now, the personal (PRDF) charged December 9 that the New York has directed the government An Oral Biography of J. Edgar Hoo­ interviews with Mr. Sullivan seemed government is trying to intimidate a to explain in writing its reasons for ver, "Of course, I was involved in all the more important in view of the former FBI top official who is willing gagging Sullivan. Attempts to intimi­ Cointelpro, and I think it was a fine fact that Mr. Sullivan told me that the to do some talking about the FBI's date a potential witness from discuss­ program." building whete most of his files and Cointelpro plots. The PRDF is ing a case in informal conversations "I was opposed to Hoover discontinu­ records were stored had burned down, organizing public support for the suit with parties in the case are illegal. A ing Cointelpro," Sullivan was quoted as a result of arson, since our October brought by the Socialist Workers party recent federal appeals court ruling as saying. "I went over all the pro­ meeting." and Young Socialist Alliance against specifically outlawed government at­ grams with him and· his reasoning the FBI and other government agen­ tempts to restrict such meetings with was: 'The climate of public opinion,' On December 1, Sullivan canceled cies who have illegally spied on and former officials. and he said, 'You know, we can the planned meeting, saying the Jus­ harassed political activists. resurrect this later on. It might be a tice Department was "furious" about William C. Sullivan, a thirty-year Sullivan has publicly criticized some year, it might be a year and a half, but the first meeting and any more inter­ FBI veteran who was a high-ranking aspects of FBI functioning and has right now it's time to lay low.'" views would result in a termination of bureau official until he was ousted .been a major source of information legal assistance. after a falling-out with J. Edgar about Cointelpro for congressional One of the major contentions of the "At a time when the American Hoover, has been ordered by the Jus­ investigators and newspaper reporters. socialists' lawsuit is that the illegal people want more facts about the FBI's tice Department not to talk to repres­ According to a statement filed by spying and harassment continue to be political operations," says Stapleton, entatives of the SWP. government officials in connection carried out, even though Cointelpro "the Justice Department is trying to The government has threatened to with the SWP and YSA lawsuit, was formally stopped several years gag one of the few people who have stop providing legal counsel for Sulli- · Sullivan was responsible for institut­ ago. both the knowledge and willingness to van if he violates their directions. This ing the "SWP Disruption Program" PRDF National Secretary Syd Stap­ shed some light on Cointelpro, the is no small matter for Sullivan,' who is carried out by the FBI. leton met with Sullivan in October of harassment of Martin Luther King, being sued for personal damages in There is no question that Sullivan this year. Another meeting was Jr., and related FBI efforts to suppress three separate lawsuits. has some things to tell that the planned for December 4. In an affidav- dissent."

6 Members ·ask, 'Wh.Y. belongz Future of unions at stake in New York City By Frank Lovell Morton Bahr, a vice-president of the Prospects for jobs and adequate Communications Workers of America, wages are dim for New York City told the New York Times that union workers for the next three years, unless members are asking, "Why do I have the union movement rallies to defeat to belong to a union?" the new antilabor measures imposed at Bahr thinks that since "negotiations all levels of government by the biparti­ on monetary items are prohibited" by san action of Democrats and Republi­ the fiscal crisis, "we've got to concen­ cans. trate on taking care of grievances, But most union officials appear in a improving working conditions and state of shock, worried mostly about doing something for members outside what will happen to their own skins. , of the work place." Public Employee Press, official publi­ If Bahr and the others think they cation of District Council37, American can bargain for better working condi­ Federation of State, County and Mu­ tions and settle grievances to the nicipal Employees, carries on its De­ satisfaction of their members, where cember 5 issue what must have been do they think the money will come intended as a cheering banner head­ from to cover the extra costs? line: "The City Lives!" Or perhaps they think they can save What is in store for city workers was Day-care workers, parents protest cutbacks. Crisis can only be resolved by money for the city be settling grie­ only hinted at in the front-cover mobilization of union ranks to demand more jobs, higher pay, decent social services. vances over speedup, longer hours, and subheads: "ford Backs Down, Default loss of pay in such a way that the Averted, Three Years of Peace Pro­ workers will be happy to accept these claimed As Unions Help to Save the will be tough bargaining in the years and city hall share full responsibility losses. City; Albany Votes Belt-Tightening." ahead." _. with the Republicans for slashing jobs, How will the unions "do something The belt-tightening vote of the state He adds, "Politicians come and go, freezing wages, and raising taxes. His for members outside of the work legislature means more layoffs, diver­ but this Union (AFSCME) will always ties to the Democratic party make him place"? They could fight for better and sion of the past cost-of-living allow­ be there protecting the interests of its an accomplice in the crime and the cheaper public transportation, low-cost ance to sustain pension funds, higher members." 1 cover-up. housing, better schools and free payroll deductions for tax hikes and Gotbaum thinks the city will survive, Gotbaum and other officials are lunches for students, a socialized pension assessments, and a three-year "especially after we elect a Democrat worried about the growing lack of national health plan, and a massive freeze on base wages. It all adds up to to the White House next year." confidence in the unions, and they public works program. less take-home pay. Such self-serving statements are should be. The members know what is But to win any of these things Victor Gotbaum, head of District issued in the absence of any better happening to them a'nd their pay­ requires a struggle against the en­ Council 37, says, "There will be no apology. Gotbaum is fully aware that checks. Promises that "the union will trenched political structure in which wage freeze under this plan, but there the Democrats in Washington, Albany, always be there" don't buy groceries. the Democratic and Republican parties are the two pillars of support. Whether the city administration will continue to fire workers and refuse pay Cutback protesters invited to united meeting raises depends upon what the people By Lynn Henderson "What the cutbacks mean is that assistant general counsel, NAACP. who must live by the weekly paycheck NEW YORK, Dec. 9-Two hun­ they want to put this economic Other speakers at the December 9 do. dred people turned out for an crisis on the backs of students, rally argued that electing more The problem won't be solved by the anticutback rally today sponsored workers, and poor people," Hershen­ Democratic politicians was the solu­ good graces of politicians like Mayor by a group calling itself-the Ad Hoc son said. "We have to unite and tion to the New York crisis, Abraham Beame and his fellow Demo­ Committee to Demonstrate Against show them they can't do this." "We must organize to get Ford on crats, whether they are in the White the Budget Cuts. The December 10 meeting, initiat­ the unemployment line," said Sid­ House or out. They have already One of the speakers at the rally ed by the University Student Sen­ ney Von Luther of the National demonstrated that they are interested was Jay Hershenson, president of ate, has also drawn support from Coalition to Fight Inflation and only in finding ways to cut wages and the University Student Senate, the union -and community figures. Re­ Unemployment. eliminate jobs. umbrella student government at the cent endorsers include Pat Knight, · Alva Buxenbaum spoke for the The future of the unions, and not City University of New York. president of Local 371, American Communist party, the main organi­ only the municipal unions, depends Hershenson urged everyone at the Federation of State, County and zer of the rally. She announced that upon whether the members are mobi­ rally to attend a meeting at Baruch Municipal Employees; David Beas­ a "People's Electoral Conference" lized to demand more jobs, higher pay, College the next evening, December ley, president of AFSCME Local will be held next February to draw and decent social services. 10, to discuss united action against 1930; Mike Meyers, assistant direc­ up a program and endorse candi­ The union ranks are the ones who all budget cuts and layoffs. tor, NAACP; and Jim Meyerson, dates. Continued on page 26 Conn. slate employees defeat longer hours plan By Andy Rose On the day the legislature convened, "had been panicked by the spectacle of demanded teamwork," she said, "and Angry demonstrations and strike however, hundreds of state employees a gallery full of shouting people and by in the crunch, half the team skated off threats by Connecticut state employees filled the hallways and galleries. At the state workers' threat of a strike." the ice." have defeated, at least for now, Gov. lunchtime more than 1,000 picketed The deputy speaker of the House told The fight against a New York-style Ella Grasso's plan to impose a longer outside the capitol building. him "with obvious disdain'~ that "they cutbacks program in Connecticut is workweek with no increase in pay. The protests involved the American get a little pressure, they get nervous." only beginning, though. Grasso The legislation was voted down in Federation of State, County and Mu- Grasso, herself elected with union promptly announced . that she would committee on December 3. nicipal Employees; the Connecticut backing, also derided her fellow Demo- lay off up to 4,000 of the state's 40,000 Last month Grasso announced a State Employees Association; and crats for not approving the antilabor employees. The first 500 were slated to new austerity program to close an other unions. The CSEA executive plan. "This was a situation that receive pink slips December 11. alleged $80 million deficit in the state board also authorized its president to budget this year. In addition to stretch- call a strike, and established a ing out the workweek for stat~ employ- $100,000 strike fund. ees from thirty-five to forty hours, New York Times reporter Lawrence Grasso wanted a hiring freeze, cuts in Fellows reported from Hartford that welfare and other social services, and public hearings on the austerity plan absorption of $29 million from a were "turned into raucous, crowded veterans fund into the general budget. demonstrations." The liberal Democratic governor had "Hundreds of state employees already cut expenses by denying raises packed the hall of · the House of to state workers, eliminating one- Representatives," Fellows reported, quarter of the longevity increments "cheering those who spoke against the due them under law, and making state proposal to lengthen their work week pensions harder to get. and shouting down those who tried to When Grasso summoned the state speak for it. . . . legislature to a special session begin­ ning December 1 to approve the "Veterans, many of them old men austerity plan, the antilabor measures who had fought in World War I, seemed assured of passage. The Demo­ crowded into the relatively tiny Ap­ crats enjoy comfortable majorities in propriations Room in the Capitol, both houses. asking indignantly if the legislators "The mood now in the legislature is were ready to deny them the security of to cut spending, there is no doubt their own benefit fund ...." about it,..t' said Hartford Democrat Fellows said that Democratic party Joseph Fauliso. leaders felt some of their colleagues Hundreds of union members demonstrated at state capitol against austerity plan I

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 19, 1975 7 UFW retirement viUage_ A tribute to Filipino farm workers

By Arnold Weissberg and forced the officials to grant the DELANO, Calif.-One of the lesser­ needed papers. The first workers known aspects of· the struggle of the moved into Paulo Agbayani Village United Farm Workers union is the role March 1, 1975. played by Filipino farm workers. Since Charter members of the union pay the 1920s more than 35,000 Filipinos sixty-seven dollars a month rent; emigrated to the United States, and members who joined later pay eighty­ most of them became agricultural one dollars. They all pay thirty-six laborers in California. A number of dollars a month for board. The union them are in the Delano area, the state's helps out any workers who can't afford major grape-producing center. the costs. Medical care is provided by For some years the UFW, in recogni­ the UFW clinic at Forty Acres. tion of the special oppression faced by The village is a large, U-shaped, one­ Filipinos, planned the construction of story building with a tile roof. The a retirement village for Filipino farm rooms form the arms of the U, while workers in Delano. the community facilities are in the The Paulo Agbayani retirement third side. The entrance foyer is tiled, village was finally completed in early with a large UFW eagle inlaid on the 1975. It is part of Forty Acres, the floor. The entire complex is air­ UFW center in Delano. conditioned. On a recent trip to Delano I talked with Sebastian Sahagun, acting Facilities manager of the village, about the Each resident has his or her own . problems he and other Filipinos have Militant/Arnold Weissberg furnished room. The rooms are of faced in this country. Paulo Agbayani retirement village, named after Filipino striker who died after heart modest size and immaculate. There is a Sahagun, who is seventy-one, is attack on Delano picket line. spotless communal kitchen where all himself a retired Filipino farm worker the cooking for the residents and the and. a charter member of the Agricultu­ entire UFW Delano staff is done: The total dependency on the ranchers. them. But the Filipinos, instead of ral Workers Organizing Committee cooking is done by retirees, many of Workers lived in labor camps provided being demoralized, had even more .(A WOC), one of the forerunners of the whom worked in the restaurant trade by the growers. determination to fight against the UFW. Sahagun emigrated to the Unit­ earlier in their lives. The houses were "like stables," growers." ed States in 1929. Meals are eaten in a pleasant dining Sahagun said. "Sometimes the roof Meanwhile, Cesar Chavez was or­ He landed in Seattle and made his area, which has windows looking out was not even finished. Sometimes ganizing Delano-area Chicano and way to Alaska, where he got a job in a into· a large courtyard. there were three or four or even five to mexicano farm workers into the Na­ salmon cannery. "I was glad because I The village also has laundry facili- a room." And if the grower didn't think tional FaTIIl Workers Association got a job right away and was being a worker was working hard enough, he­ (NFWA). A week after the strike paid sixty-five dollars a month. In the was thrown out. began, the Filipino workers of the Philippines, as a teacher, I made only .Many of the workers got their jobs AWOC approached the workers of the fifteen dollars a month," he said. through labor contractors. The grower NFWA for help. When the packing season ended, would pay the contractor fifty cents Sahagun said that although the Sahagun traveled back to Washington per box picked, but the contractor only NFWA was not ready to start its own and got his first job as a farm worker, paid the workers thirty:five cents. strike, the members voted unanimous­ picking hops . in the Yakima Valley. ly to join their brothers and sisters of The pay was good, he said, but the 'No voice at all' the AWOC on the picket lines. The season was short. And when the cold "That was the way the Filipinos NFW A joined the strike on September weather came that year, he decided to lived in the camps. You had to work 17. The two organizations collaborated move south. hard, and to assure your loyalty and -closely from then on, uniting in 1967 to Sahagun went to San Francisco, your effectiveness in your work to your form the United Farm Workers. where he worked at a series of r.estaur­ boss," Sahagun said. "We didn't have The struggle continued for five ant jobs until World War II broke out. any voice at all. When we wanted years. The first table-grape contracts He then got a job in a shipyard, and better · wages, we would go to the were not signed until 1970, after a worked as a welder until 1950. But the rancher to ask for a raise, and he massive strike action and a nation­ climate again bothered him, so he would say, 'If you don't like your wage, wide boycott of table grapes. moved south to Delano and began then you can go someplace else.' '' working on the ranches. In the 1960s, though, things began to Paulo Agbayani Racist laws change. Organizers from the AFL-CIO The Paulo Agbayani retirement began to sign up Filipino farm workers Racist laws barred Filipinos at that village, which is named after a Filipi­ ·into the Agricultural Workers Organiz­ time from owning property, becoming no farm worker who died after a heart ing Committee in 1963. citizens, or marrying American attack on a Delano picket line, was In June 1965 grape strikes began in women-laws that remained on the first proposed by Chavez in 1967 as a Coachella. The farm workers there, books until after World War II. In memorial to the dead brother. also organized in A WOC, demanded addition, Filipino women were prohi­ Sahagun said that many farm work­ more pay. The strike coincided with . bited from entering the United States. ers were attracted to the union because the beginning of the harvest, and the Denied the opportunity for a home of the planned retirement village. "A Militant/Arnold Weissberg Coachella growers ·gave in after a and family, Filipinos were forced into _Filipino might work for a grower for Sebastian Sahagun, acting manager of strike that lasted less than a month. thirty years. You work for them hard, village and founding member of UFW. Many of the workers who had but when you are not able to produce participated in the Coachella strike more, then you are kicked out of the came to Delano afterward to harvest camp like old shoes or old clothes that ties, a recreation area, and a library. grapes. The Delano workers sent are not worthy· anymore.'' Routine maintenance is performed· by letters and telegrams to the ranchers, The dream of the village started to demanding wage boosts similar to the residents. become a reality after the first . grape It is virtually impossible to be those won in Coachella. Their requests contracts were signed in 1970. The hungry at Agbayani Village. Visitors were ignored. So on September 8, 1965, growers had to contribute two cents for are constantly urged to have some­ 1,500 Filipino farm workers walked off every box of produce picked to a fund thing to eat. On this trip, I regretted an the job. Every ranch in the Delano set aside for "development and educa­ area was struck. earlier lunch stop; the aroma from the tion," which included the village. By noon meal was tantalizing. 1973 enough money was available to Most of the residents of the village 'Growers mad' begin construction. are in their seventies, but they try to Sahagun described the grower re­ A crew of ten people began the work remain active in the union. Sahagun sponse to the strike: "The growers were in October of that year. The crews and the others are all anxious to see very mad at these people, so they grew, however, and came to include the UFW win back its contracts. "I either closed their community kitchen, hundreds of weekend volunteers. UFW think there will be a time when the or they closed their water, or the lights. supporters, including many students flag of the farm workers will be flying "Lots of their belongings were from the University of California at like other trade unions, flying up in the thrown out of their rooms. So the Berkeley and other campuses, partici­ sky side by side," he said. people who lived there were forced to pated. But in the meantime Sebastian live under the trees and in their cars. Sahagun is busy at the village. "Every­ They had to cook their own food over Officials back down body tries to do something to make fires outside the camps. When they did The construction lasted twenty-two this place better, more beautiful, a As part of Agricultural Workers that the security guards went to stop months. When the work was finally better place to live in," he said. "It is Organizing Committee, Filipino farm them from cooking, kicked their pots, done, the city. of Delano and Kern like living in a palace to me. This is the workers started historic 1965 Delano and threw away the food. County denied a certificate ·of occu­ most beautiful place I have ever lived grape strike. "The growers wanted to demoralize pancy, but UFW lawyers went to court 1n.0 "

8 Union P-resident discusses issues ~A strike for survival' at Washi ton Post By Jim Gotesky 60 percent on the larger presses. WASHINGTON-"This is not an To divert attention from these an­ economic strike. It is a strike for tiunion demands, the Post has survival," says James Dugan, presi­ launched a publicity campaign to dent of press operators Local 6, Inter­ smear the strikers as violent because of national Printing and Graphic Com· damage sustained by the presses at the munications Union. time of the walkout. It has also hit the It has been ·ten weeks since the strikers with a $15 million civil dam­ management of the Washington Post age suit, and criminal charges are forced the press operators out on strike threatened. October 1. Dugan also talked about how the "We are dealing with a straight-out Post is currently being printed. Al­ battle as to whether big business can though the Washington-Baltimore completely dominate the unions," Du· Newspaper Guild in its majority sup­ gan explains, "whether they can just ports the strike, a slim majority of the throw us out whenever they get tired of Post unit of the guild has voted to us." cross the picket lines. Several hundred In a recent Militant interview at the guild members form the nucleus of the strike headquarters, Dugan discussed work fqrce putting out the Post. the issues in the strike and described The Post has even tried to recruit the aggressive campaign launched by high school students to work in its the unions to win public support. mailing room through federally funded The headquarters itself bustles with work-study programs. Protests from activity, as supporters take leaflets to the strikers and the Washington distribute and telephones are constant­ Teachers Union put a stop to that ly ringing. Militant/Mark Ugolini practice. Post Unions United, a coalition of Picket line outside 'Washington Post.' Strikers have launched campaign for public Dugan said Post management is the unions respecting the strike, has support, distributing 400,000 leaflets and s"eaking on many campuses. using a technique it calls "creative ·called for a consumer boycott of the tension" to pressure the writers to :Post. Already, Dugan said, more than cross the picket lines. "They take two "400;000 leaflets have gone out in a University, and Montgomery Junior evidence shows the Post had union­ reporters, one who has worked there :door-to-door effort to promote the boy­ College. busting plans mapped out far in for fifteen years and qrie who has just :cott. Students at George Washington advance of the strike. been hired. They submit two stories on ; "We are going on an advertising University and at Federal City College Post management refused to even the same thing and one is printed." ;campaign," the union president said. have hosted speaking engagements for negotiate with the press operators until "The older ones cross the ·lines !"We have covered all the trash cans strikers and have published articles on just a few weeks before the contract because they don't want to get put out with posters. We've flown over the their struggle in campus newspapers. expired September 30. Instead, the of their jobs," Dugan said, "and the :football games: We have radio spots on A focal poi~ for strike support owners secretly sent more than 100 younger ones cross the lines because four major radio stations. activity is a rally called for December people to a scab training school in they are hungry and on their way up "We are speaking to every group that 13 by the Central Labor Council. The Oklahoma set up by a publishers' and can't afford to slow down." ; will give us a few minutes to talk to rally, Dugan explained, will help antiunion association. Dugan said he believes the Post aims them. We're going to college campuses. publicize the strike and expose the The striking unions are not seeking at becoming the only major newspaper "We ha\re mailed a letter through the . Post's antilabor campaign. any new contract gains. They only in Washington and is guided only by 'central labor body [the Greater Wash· Featured speakers will be Cesar want to keep the provisions they its drive to increase profits. : ington Central Labor Council] to every Chavez, president of the United Farm already have. trade unionist in the Washington, Workers, and William Lucy, secretary­ Post management wants sweeping "Our blood and sweat is one of the . Maryland, and Virginia areas outlin­ treasurer of the American Federation rollbacks in the areas of job security reasons they got where they are Fnf::the situation." of State, County ·and Municipal Em­ and working conditions. They want to today," he said, "and now they say, ployees and president of the Coalition eliminate the cost-of-living clause; do 'To hell with you people. If you want to ·Support for the strike is growing of Black Trade U riionists. away with rest periods between back­ work here you've got to take a cut in among both organized labor and Dugan pointed to the importance of to-hack shifts; change the grievance pay. We've got to make more profits. students. There are groups of support­ breaking through the Post's image as a procedures; eliminate time-and-a-half We want to become more powerful.' ers at Howard University, the Univer­ reform crusader. "When we say they pay for double shifts; and reduce the "They just don't give a da:q1n about siy of Maryland at College Park, are out to destroy us," he said, many number of press operators by 30 their people," Dugan concluded. "It's American University, Georgetown people find it "hard to accept." But the percent on the smaller presses and by all a matter of profits." Interview with UFW leaders Florida farm workers battle Coca-Cola-and win [After eleven months of protests been used, resulting in different treat­ public rallies of the workers. We tried that culminated in a two-week sit­ ment for Black and white workers. very hard to get as many people as in, the predominantly Black Flori­ There are 1,200 employees during the possible to our actions. da affiliate of the United Farm haryest and 600 year-round workers. In Atlanta, we received press cover· Workers won a significant con­ Of these 600, 350 were classified as age and public support after we began tract victory November 21 from seasonal, and 95 percent of the season­ our two-week sit-in at Coca-Cola head­ Coca-Cola's Minute Maid Orange ala were Black. The remaining 250 quarters. Juice subsidiary. were called permanent hourly employ­ Things came to a head when Coke [Atlanta is the site of Coca­ ees, and 90 percent of them were white. arrested the six people sitting in for Cola's international headquar­ Permanent employees received regu­ "trespassing." ters, where the sit-in took place. lar job benefits. Seasonal workers, After embarrassing news stories, Mack Lyons, a Black man who is although they also work all year, did Foods Division President Ira Herbert the union's Florida director, and not. personally flew to La Paz [the UFW -Diana Lyons, a union leader, were The permanent workers work in the national headquarters in California] to interviewed there by Militant re- best groves. But when a Black or work out the terms of a contract with porter Maryanne Lunn.] Brown worker went. to the hiring hall Cesar Chavez. Chavez agreed to nego­ for these groves, he or she was told tiate after the release of the six Question. What is the history of the there were no openings. They never arrested UFW members. previous contract with Coca-Cola? allowed more than two Black workers at any one of these locations. Q. What improvements were won in Answer. Fearing for their "public the new contract? image" after a CBS news documentary Q. What was the attitude of the on Florida grove workers, Coca-Cola white workers toward the UFW? signed its first contract with the UFW in January 1972, resulting in pesticide A. The company agreed to give restrictions, a medical plan, wages A. We received a tremendous amount permanent status for all who work 170 consecutive · days, thereby making nearly double those of noncontract of support from these whites, and Florida UFW leader Mack Lyons workers, and a _grievance procedure. many of them have joined the union. them eligible for benefits and wiping When it expired last January, the The discrimination did not reflect the out the basis for racial discrimination. company cut the per-box pay rate and feelings of the .white workers but company-sponsored racism. A five-cents-per-box increase was won, refused to negotiate new benefits. rather was a deliberate attempt to restoring the pay cut, with a provision divide people and pit them against Q. How did the UFW mobilize for another increase -if there is a small · Q. How has racism been an issue in each other. support for a new contract that would harvest yield in some year. We also the struggle? But the white workers were able to do away with this discrimination? won a 50 percent increase in health see through this. They recognized that benefits, and elimination of antiunion A. A racist classification system has it was also in their interest to fight this A. Through large picket lines and· clauses from the contract.

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 19, 1975 9 In Our Opinion ... Boston violence Continued from page 1 perpetrators of these vile crimes. And they must be met with a renewed commitment by all supporters of equal rights for Blacks to build a powerful movement that can stop the racists in their tracks and compel the government to enforce the law on desegregation. The antibusing bigots are outraged at Judge W. Arthur Garrity's ruling stripping the school committee of much of its authority over South Boston High School. The judge found that the school committee has done everything possible to "frustrate and delay" desegregation~ Represented by NAACP attorneys, Black students being bused into "Southie" have presented detailed descriptions of 'racist abuse and violence at the hands of white students; teachers, and administrators. Garrity ruled that the plaintiffs had proved their case by "a clear preponderance of the evidence." This is a vindication of the Black community's charges against the city government in Boston. It is a damning indictment of .the all-white, all-Democratic school committee­ and, by implication, of the other elected officials who have allowed this situation to continue. The fire bombing of the NAACP office came almost one year to the day after a screaming lynch mob gathered outside South "Gee, folks, there's nothing left." Boston High School and threatened te kill the more than 100 Black students trapped inside. Since that time Black students attending the school have been the targets of an organized campaign of violence. In his ruling, Garrity found that Black students "continue to be subject to physical attacks by groups of white students," and "more often than not, school and police authorities detain and suspend all the Black students involved in the incident, but . Letters only one or two whites." He found that Black students face verbal abuse, including racist slurs, and that the school administration and police authorities have "failed to take any corrective or disciplinary Pass it along conspiracies Rowe was involved in. action." A while bac_k I wrote to you a letter According to the Times: These incidents, Garrity concluded, "are part of a pattern of stating my financial situation and also "In addition to other major cases, Rowe worked on the Sept. 15, 1963, racially discriminatory and hostile conduct" that is "to a my commitment to the liberation of our people. You responded favorably by Birmingham church bombing· that significant degree the result of intentional conduct by organiza­ killed four young black girls attending tions and individuals in South Boston." honoring my request. You did send me a subscription on a complimentary Sunday school. Can there be any dQubt that it was precisely the organizers of basis. "He disclosed that he gave the FBI the anti-Black violence in South Boston who carried out the fire­ Now I would like to thank you for the names of eight klansmen suspected bombing raid on the NAACP offices in the dark of ~ight? Can doing this. I am really appreciative. of involvement in the bombing. Later, there be any doubt that they hoped to terrorize the entire Black Now that I have come into a little bit he said, he furnished the bureau with community and an· supporters of busing into silence? of money, I would .like to send you. the name of a state investigator he enough to cover one year's said had urged him to tell one of the We will not be silenced! klansmen to 'keep his goddam mouth In issuing his decision and order, Garrity was responding to subscription. If anyone else finds themselves in the same financial shut,' if questioned about the bombing. the pressure that has been mobilized in support of desegrega­ difficulties as I did, please pass my The case has never been solved." tion. The campaign to support busing has included demonstra­ complimentary subscription to them B.C. tions, teach-ins, and rallies in Boston and around the country. and let me pay for such subscription. New York, New York It has included organizing efforts in the Black community, in I really enjoy your newspaper, and I the unions, and on the campuses by the NAACP, the National hope to continue to use some of the Student Coalition Against Racism, and other probusing organi­ information in it. zations. Vicente Carranza Better & better Continuing to build this kind of powerful antiracist move­ Corpus Christi, Texas I've only read the Militant a couple of times, yet each time I read it, I like it ment is the way to answer the attack on the NAACP and the more. I'd like to subscribe to it for two - way to force the government to use whatever force is necessary months at the special new reader's to protect the right of Blacks to attend desegregated schools in One the Senate missed rate. I'm sure that it will meet my safety. Press coverage of the Senate expectations-if not exceed them. intelligence hearings where FBI J.H. informer Gary Rowe testified on his Providence, Rhode Island _ role in Ku Kl'U' Klan violence was confirmation once again of the distorted news the capitalist media YSA.convention Boycott Seagram's The renewed racist violence in Boston once again drives home feed the American people. Here was the. FBI conspiring with United Farm Workers (UFW) the need t~ mobilize a nationwide action campaign to fight the Klan to terrorize and even murder supporters in the Northwest are racist injustices and inequalities. At the upcoming Young civil rights activists, and how did the publicizing a request by Canadian Socialist Alliance national convention, high school and college daily papers report it? "Ex-FBI Spy distillery workers for a boycott of students from around the country will discuss how they can Says He Was Ordered To Sleep With products manufactured by the help to do just that. The gathering will be held on the Klansmen's Wives," headlined. the Seagram Company. University of Wisconsin campus in Milwaukee, December 28- New York Post story. And the New According to a union flyer, January 1. York Daily News cleverly titled theirs, Seagram's is the world's largest distiller, with sales in 1975 expected to Antiracist activists from dozens of cities will share their "Klan Spy: Told to Hit the Sheets." So it was left to the Militant to detail the exceed $2 billion. Besides whiskey, experiences during workshops on the Black, Chicano, and real horror story this former FBI Seagram's makes or distributes vodka, Puerto Rican struggles. There will be a major report and plotter has to tell. gin, rum, and all Paul Masson and discussion on the socialist strategy for the fight against racism. A few days before the hearings, Christian Brothers wines. A special fifteenth anniversary event will review the YSA's Rowe granted an interview to the Los The workers, members of the Retail, participation in this fight from the civil rights movement of the Angeles Times. Apparently there is Wholesale and Department Store 1950s and 1960s to today's struggles for desegregated schools one "incident" the senators didn't Union (RWDSU), have been locked out . and bilingual-bicultural education. bother to ask Rowe about, since none of Seagram's British Columbia of the news items on the hearings, bottling works in an attempt to bust We urge our readers to attend this important convention, including the Militant's, reported it. I the union. which will also feature discussions on campus cutbacks, thought Militant readers might be "While the labour movement and women's liberation, and many other topics. For more informa­ interested in it because it is one of the many other fair-minded British tion, see the article on page 13. most despicable and incriminating Columbiana have supported the locked-

11 out workers by refusing to handle or National Picket Line purchase any Seagram's products, additional support is needed to help these men and women regain their jobs Frank Lovell arid reach a fair settlement," the flyer says. "For that reason we are asking all Unions & the busing fight Canadians and our American neighbors to do their part by refusing The proposed constitutional amendment that would of any union, but succeeded in winning endorsement to buy any of the long list of products outlaw busing to integrate public schools was shelved of his racist position in exchange for supposed favors manufactured and distributed by last month by the caucus of House Democrats in as a state legislator. Seagram's." The union is also Congress, but the issue will not die there. It will not be Flaherty is one of th,o~e Democratic party "friends of requesting that supporters write or call resolved until the racist opponents of busing are labor." He called Sullivan "cowardly" and notified the their local Seagram's wholesaler about exposed and defeated. Massachusetts labor body "that as a result of your the boycott. In Boston, city council member Louise Day Hicks, action today I will do absolutely nothing further in According to the Seattle UFW who heads ROAR,· the national antibusing g:mup, your behalf as long as I sit as a member .of this Boycott Committee, the RWDSU is a blamed AFL-CIO President George Meany for the legislative body." staunch supporter of the UFW boycott defeat and called it ·~only a temporary setback." Hicks This ought to be a signal to the union movement of of scab grapes, lettuce, and Gallo quoted a letter from the AFL-CIO to all Democratic the dubious value of the "friendship" of Flaherty and wines. members of Congress urging defeat of the antibusing other Democrats and Republicans like him. My union, American Federation of resolution. The clear statement in favor of ·busing is to the State, County and MuniCipal Meany had previously warned the state AFL-CIO credit of the AFL-CIO, but Meany's actions to ensure Employees Local 1488, at the labor councils in Kentucky and Massachusetts to that the position is formally adhered to by all union University of Washington, voted to cease and desist their support of antibusing demon­ officials under his control is not enough to defeat the endorse the Seagram's boycott at our strations in Louisville and Boston. racists. That will require the mobilization of the union November business meeting. In identical letters sent October 25 to the Kentucky Harold Schlechtweg ranks in collaboration with the Black community and Seattle, Washington state council and the Louisville Central Labor Council, others who are fighting for desegregated public educa­ Meany said, "The AFL-CIO has long held a firm and tion. well-defined policy on the subject of school busing for On the local level union members can defend the the purpose of securing quality education for all official position of the union movement against racism Two requests children, when ordered by the courts." and win union endorsement for actions called to I like your opinions and your Paul Jennings, president of the International Union defend busing and promote better schools. editorials very much and I wonder if of Electricial Workers, had also notified Louisville IUE you will soon comment on the Quinlan Local 761 last September that the union "stood and The racists often appear to have followers among case (to keep alive or allow to die) and fought for the elimination of all forms of race, sex, the union ranks when their only solid support is ·also on what can be expected from the national origin, ethnic, age, and all other kinds of among the local officialdom, and these local officials new regime in Spain under King Juan discrimination." are quick to back down, as shown in Massachusetts, Carlos I. In Massachusetts, the state AFL-CIO convention when their own jobs are at stake. I value your points of view and adopted a resolution against busing on November 7. Gangs of racists, organized by the most blatantly would appreciate reading about them on these two subjects. This brought a response in due course from Meany. He antiunion elements, usually are very brave when Kim F. Clearhen warned them that they were in violation of AFL-CIO attacking defenseless children on school buses. But Los Angeles, California policy. they melt away when faced with a determined opposi­ The president of the state council, Joseph Sullivan, tion. reported on November 24 that its executive board had These same elements are incited by local politicians voted unanimously to declare the antibusing resolu­ and other agents of the employers to attack the union Farm workers' support tion null and void. movement in times of strike. It is now a matter of self­ On November 22 the Miami United It turned out that State Rep. Michael Flaherty, a preservation for the union ranks-many of whom are Farm Workers Support Committee held Democrat from South Boston, had been instrumental Black workers-to mobilize their own forces in defense a rally in Flamingo Park. Between 150 in having the antibusing resolution introduced and of school busing and other gains that have been won and 200 people showed up. adopted at the union convention. He is not a member by the unions and the civil rights movement. The rally began with several speakers, followed by singing and skits. Speakers included Ms. Bernice Dolan, president of Local 553, Transport Workers Union; Frank O'Hearn, representing farm workers at By Any Means Necessary Homestead, Florida; James Logan, a UFW field office director; and Mark Baxter Smith Richards, coordinator of the Miami boycott. O'Hearn explained part of the problem facing Homestead farm workers. The workers' labor camp is The case of Todd & Woods only 500 feet from Homestead Air While the North Carolina Joanne Little jury was the night of June 17. He pulled up in a white car that Force Base, where jet engines are plowing new earth in acquitting a Black woman of had a long antenna on it. Inside the car the women ground tested When tests are in . defending herself from sexual attack by a white man, saw a holstered gun on the seat and a two-way radio. progress, people cannot walk down the a Georgia grand jury in a similar case last summer Home said he was a detective and offered the pair a street without covering their ears, and was planting old seeds. ride. Feeling safe, they got in. it is impossible to sleep at night. A Wheeler County grand jury with a jury commis­ Using the radio, Horne called his business partner, Dolan expressed the support of her sioner who remarked, "There aren't enough colored Royce Yawn, and told him he had two Black women in union for the UFW and the boycott. people that have enough sense to serve on a grand his car and to meet him at a nearby restaurant. The highlight of the rally was when jury," named Cheryl Todd and Dessie X Woods for the Arriving at the restaurant, the women belieyed James Logan explained the recent victory at Coca-Cola (which owns June murder of Ronnie Horne, a white insurance Yawn was also a detective, and they did not under­ Minute Maid). salesman from Rentz, Georgia. stand the nature of the rendevous. But Yawn, who was Concluding the rally, Mark Richards Home, who was known for making sexual advances tipsy, quarreled with Horne over divvying up the urged people to support the boycott, on Black women, died when he struggled ~ith the women. Horne became contrary, took both w~men, not to eat lettuce in restaurants, to ask women for possession of a gun while trying to rape and drove off. to be shown the back room at grocery them. He was posing as a law officer and had offered Sensing that Horne was going in the wrong stores to see if produce boxes have the the pair, who were hitchhiking, a ride. direction, the women becamil suspicious and demand­ UFW eagle, and to volunteer to help ed to be let out. Horne complied and the pair started to local UFW efforts. A judge threw out the indictment in September make their way back to the restaurant to summon After the rally, the UFW supporters because of the commissioners' attitudes and because of help. marched through downtown Miami underrepresentation of women and people between the Horne doubled back, intercepted the women and Beach and Lincoln Mall, a major ages of eighteen and thirty on the jury. But all the ifs, ordered them to get in the car or face arr.est. Fearfully, tourist shopping area. Along the shouldas, couldas, whys, and maybes surrounding the the women got back in. march route people expressed their shaky original indictment were overlooked, and a new Horne drove off but soon began making threats of support for the boycott. grand jury was selected and the women were reindict­ sexual assault. The women pleaded and cried. Adam Shedroff ed. In desperation, Todd leaped from the moving Miami Beach, Florida A trial date has not been set. vehicle. Horne stood on the brakes, drew his gun, and The two Atlanta women first stumbled into trouble jumped out. He tusseled with Todd. Two shots went off when they went to visit Todd's brother at Reidsville and he fell dead. The letters column is an open ~ state prison. News of the shooting traveled quickly to Rentz. And, forum for all viewpoints on sub­ Upon arriving Todd, who was suffering from low as in the Joanne Little case, friends of the deceased jects of general interest to our blood pressure, fainted, but police, believing her to be asked themselves why in the world a Black woman readers. Please keep your letters intoxicated, arrested her. Woods protested and was would want to do such a cruel thing to good ole Ronnie brief. Where necessary they will also arrested and beaten. Horne, who at most was just out funnin' on a hot be abridged. Please indicate if When released three days later the women had to summer night. your name may be used or if you thumb their way home because there is no bus service Contributions and further info'rmaticin about the prefer that . yo~r initials be used from the jail. Todd/Woods defense should be addressed to Post instead. Horne came across the. women on the highway on Office Box 1935, Atlanta, Georgia 30301.

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 19, 1975 Women In Revolt- Linda Jenness __ ERA debate in CLUW DETROIT-One of the most exciting moments at mobilize chapters around the country in a real It was approved by a nearly two-to-one majority. the Coalition of Labor Union Women convention struggle. They saw it as a threat to their concept of Also voting against the amendment were mem­ here came when the participants voted to have reducing CLUW to a staff organization with no bers of the Communist party, which openly calls for CLUW undertake a "mass-action and educational involvement of the rank-and-file union women. the defeat of the ERA. The Daily World, which campaign" to win ratification of the Equal Rights Orders came down from the Shankerite leaders of reflects the CP line, ran a special article for the Amendment. the AFT and from CLUW President Olga Madar to CLUW convention, reiterating the reactionary The debate was brief, but tumultuous. Marilyn whip their caucuses into line to defeat the proposal. Stalinist line in opposition to the ERA. Marcus, a member of the American Federation of But this wasn't so easy. Many of their own Thus both the Shankerites and the Stalinists State, County and Municipal Employees in New members couldn't understand why they should vote managed to place themselves to the right of George York City, introduced the proposal as an amend­ against it when their unions were on record in favor Meany-no small feat. Meany had sent a telegram ment to the constitution. Her speech and the of the ERA. to the convention urging a campaign to win the speeches of others who spoke in favor were greeted ERA and pledging AFL-CIO support. with enthusiastic applause and cheers from the When AFT floor whips circulated among their Fortunately, the majority of CLUW delegates CLUW ranks. delegation issuing instructions to vote "no" on the were not as backward as the Shankerites and the motion, they ran into questions from AFT women. CP members. They viewed the ERA as a vital issue But the CLUW officers on the podium, and the "We support the ERA. Why should VIle vote against facing all union members, and especially union floor leaders of the caucuses of the American it?" asked one woman. · women. Federation of Teachers and the United Auto In desperation, the Shankerite floor leaders told The enthusiasm for the ERA motion expressed at Workers, sat glum-faced. their members, "This is a Socialist Workers party the convention is an important sign of the potential Why? CLUW has been on record in support of the plot to disrupt the convention." "That's ridiculous," of a campaign to galvanize the ranks of the labor ERA since it was founded, and both the AFT and responded a number of AFT delegates. movement behind the fight for the ERA. The the UAW, along with almost the entire union Just how ridiculous this red-baiting was became passage of the motion provides CLUW chapters movement, support passage of the ERA. But the clear when the vote was taken. Despite arm­ around the country with an opportunity to take the officials didn't like the proposal because it was a twisting, many members even of the tightly run ERA struggle to the entire union movement, and in proposal for action by CLUW, a proposal that could AFT caucus broke ranks and voted for the motion. doing so, to win many new members to CLUW. Their Government Cindy Jaquith ~Nonstop volleyball for Christ' WASHINGTON-"It is a world record in Lawn­ main contributions are inanities like the above. new state song of Michigan, into the Record just to dale as youth play 300 hours nonstop volleyball for Recently, patriotism has been a popular topic for raise our spirits. Christ.... their drivel. Rep. Charles Bennett (D-Fla.) intro­ "In a time when inflation, unemployment, and "Why did they do it? Because a· record was there. duced a speech titled "Do not be just an American! other pro}?lems hang heavily over all Americans, it And in their hearts they knew that in doing it for Be a great American!" is refreshing to ponder instead the cheerful words of Christ the record could be broken. They went on, Not to be outdone, Rep. Sam Steiger (R-Ariz.) a musical tribute," he chirped. exerting themselves beyond belief, to accomplish informed us of a "patriotic community endeavor" in One of the greatest abusers of the Record, as we this goal." Sun City, Arizona, "where more than 100 citizens reported in an earlier column, is Birchite Larry It's doubtful that even a Billy Graham newsletter are involved in making a large Bicentennial quilt." McDonald, representative from Georgia. McDonald would accept the above item, but the Congresssion­ Then there are the- endless proposals to dedicate answered our column with a new attack on the al Record had no qualms~ The speech, you see, is by this week or that month to some cause, such as Socialist Workers party, and he included the Rep. Charles Wilson (D-Calif.). "National Patriotism Week." address and telephone number of the Militant's Washington Bureau. This booster effort for Wilson's Lawndale constit­ Some politicians introduce heavy political tracts, A note to Mr. McDonald: Your most recent uents is standard fare for the Record. Apparently on like "Property rights are the very basis of free­ outburst has netted us a new friend. D.W., from the assumption that few of us read this publication, dom," a dissertation by Sen. Jesse Helms (R-N.C.), Belen, New Mexico, wrote to the Washington our "representatives" fill it up with self-serving or "The immorality of redistributing income," by Bureau two weeks ago, stating: nonsense on a regular basis. Rep. Philip Crane (R-Ill.). "I note in Congressional Record considerable Contrary to the history-book version of Congress, But, in general, the members of Congress would writings concerning your activities-and my curios­ the batch of lawyers, businessmen, and advertising prefer not to talk about depressing things like ity relative to your aims and endeavors at assisting agents on the Hill spend little time engaged in declining wages or government assassination plots. humanity-so am asking you to favor me with discussing the real problems this country faces. Rep. William Ford (D-Mich.), for example, inserted word, literature or whatnot having to do with your Instead, as a reading of the Record shows, their the words to "Water Wonderland," the proposed work." i La Raza en AcciOnl - _ _ Miguel Pendas A union bureaucrat and ~Ia migra' LOS ANGELES-Last October William Robert- who claim to defend the interests of working people. the bosses' bidding. son was chosen to head the AFL-CIO county The Immigration Service needs help! What about Fortunately, not all unio11s have fallen for the federation here. Not long after, he proved that he the undocumented workers? They are the oppressed propaganda against "illegals." The Service Employ­ can parrot the government's racist anti-mexicano and exploited. ees International Union in Los Angeles passed a propaganda with the best of them. All the years of faithful pencil pushing that resolution recently that stated, "Immigrant workers Robertson has issued directives to all the unions brought Robertson where he is today must have with or without documents must be defended and in Los Angeles to write letters to their representa- -given him too great a respect for pieces of paper. He protected by all means available to other workers tives to get more personnel for the Immigration thinks ·that before you can be considered a worker, ... [they] must be organized into unions as are Service so it can deport Mexicans faster. you have to have a piece of paper that says you are other workers." This resolution also called on the Robertson is disappointed because the House of a U.S. citizen. international union to reconsider its support of the Representatives recommended that la migra's staff The immigrant workers without papers who are anti-immigration Rodino bill. be boosted by only 750 positions this year. "We driven here from their impoverished Latin Amen- There haye been a few other unions that have believe that figure is totally inadequate to cope with can countries in search of a living know better what seen anti-"illegal" double-talk for what it is-an the magnitude of the problems created by illegal it is to be a worker than this well-heeled union attempt to use racism and chauvinism to divide aliens taking what is estimated to be over a million functionary. If you have to slave at a backbreak- workers against each other, and make it easier for jobs from Americans," the chief says. ing, monotonous job eight hours a day, taking big business to drive down the living standards of We hear this bunk quite often from the govern- whatever wages are offered because you're afraid of all. But these unions amount to only a handful. ment, bosses, and right-wingers. "The illegals are being turned in to la migra, you're a worker and you In most cases the fight to win the unions to a stealing our jobs. Send them back to Mexico. don't need a certificate to prove it. policy of defending and organizing undocumented America for Americans." If anybody needs to prove their qualifications as workers has yet to be won. It will be up to Chicanos Nonetheless, it is always more infuriating to hear workers, it's the union "executives" with their five- and mexicanos, the ones who· most directly suffer such antiworker propaganda from union leaders figure salaries who always seem to beready to d

12 Atlanta Black students explain why they joined Young Socialist Alliance By Joe Soares ATLANTA-The Atlanta University (AU) complex, a cluster of five private Black colleges, has one of the largest Black student populations in the Unit­ ed States. Over the past year, the Young Socialist Alliance has been active· on these campuses building solidarity with the Boston desegrega­ tion struggle, campaigning for passage . of the federal Equal Rights Amend­ ment by the Georgia legislature, and drumming up support for the 1976 Socialist Workers party presidential and vice-presidential candidates, Peter Camejo and Willie Mae Reid. During that time, a number of AU students have joined the YSA. They, along with others from the campus, plan to attend the upcoming YSA convention in Milwaukee, December 28-January 1. I recently spoke to five of these new members about why they Militant/Harris Freeman joined. Five new members of Atlanta YSA (left to right): Osborne Hart, Meisa Patterson, Howard Jackson, Melody Davenport, Melody Davenport, Meisa Patterson, Sheila Johnson. and Sheila Johnson attend Spelman College, a women's school at AU. Hart told me, "At first I had a very Black people, as well as to the overall · similar to mine. So I decided to join." Davenport and Patterson are premed narrow view of the busing struggle in struggle," Davenport concluded. Patterson said she first heard about students, and Johnson is majoring in Boston. 'That's hundreds of miles "It was a problem for me too," the YSA when Socialist Workers party history. away,' I thought, 'what relation does it Patterson added. "But I decided that it candidates spoke at Spelman College Howard Jackson and Osborne Hart have to me down here in Atlanta?' really came down to what the YSA in 1973. "Before that I sometimes just attend Morehouse College, where they "But the YSA saw right away that it believes in and what it was doing. wrote off revolution as some kind of are premed and political science ma­ was the focus of a nationwide racist There are several all-Black socialist utopia," she said. jors, respectively. drive. They saw it as an important groups at AU that don't do much, even national issue, and I learned what a though their rhetoric is all about liber­ Not just rhetoric Action organization real socialist outlook is on crucial ation.'' "But everyone I talked to in the YSA "I talked to people around Atlanta questions like this." "Another thing that impressed me took revolution seriously-not in a who were involved in a lot of different Hart continued, "Now I explain to about the YSA," Patterson continued, fanatical way, but as something con­ struggles," Johnson told me, "and they other AU students that the attack on - "was that it recognized the importance crete, something that is going to would always say, 'Even though I'm busing represents an attack on all the of women's liberation for Black wom­ happen, something that we have to not a socialist, one thing I can say is gains won by the civil rights move­ en." Johnson said this was also have. That made me want to join." that the people from the YSA are ment. A lot of us wouldn't even be at important in convincing her to join. Johnson added, "The people in the always there when you need them.' AU if it weren't for the struggles to YSA knew what their organization That really impressed me." implement the 1954 school desegrega­ was all about. They could defend their Davenport agreed. "I had checked tion decision. Internationalism positions, not just feed you a line of out a lot of other politicaJ organiza­ "The real issue in Boston is the Patterson said another thing she rhetoric. tions in Atlanta, but the YSA was the democratic right of Black people to an likes about the YSA is that it "realizes "They were also very friendly,'' she one group that really seemed to be equal education.'' the importance of relating to interna­ continued, "and open to answering my doing things, not just rapping." tional struggles." questions and listening to my ideas. Jackson said that the deep slump in Multinational organization "That in itself gave me a little more Some of the other so-called socialist the capitalist economy had jogged his Turning to another topic, Davenport confidence," Davenport agreed. groups on campus just try to -shove thinking. "You have the idea when told me, "In the past I had been "You're not just one person struggling ideas down your throat. you're going to college that you're affiliated with groups like Stokely for something. You know that there are "When I met the YSA people, I felt going to graduate with a degree and be Carmichael's All African Revolution­ people all over the world who believe for the· first time that I was meeting able to make a decent living. But ary People's party. They said Blacks the same things and are all struggling some socialists that were very rational people with college degrees are unem­ could never achieve true liberation toward the same goal." and very real. That's the truth." ployed today-after two or three years through belonging to the same organi­ Hart said that he was looking "I agree," Patterson interjected. out of school. zation as whites. That was a big forward to the discussion about revolu­ "Whenever I had a question, the YSA ~'I'm not knocking education, you obstacle for me to overcome in joining tionary developments in .Portugal that members encouraged me to really understand. But capitalism is some­ the YSA. will take place at the YSA's Milwaukee pursue it, not just blindly accept their thing else!" "Of course, I knew that there were convention. position. They told me how important Hart and Patterson joined the YSA Black YSA members. But from past Jackson first became interested in it is to have members who don't just after working alongside YSA members experience with high school student the YSA through reading the Militant. run along with the show, but think for in the Atlanta Student Coalition councils and stuff, I thought that This fall he began attending YSA themselves." · Against Racism (SCAR). In the begin­ maybe these Blacks were just token classes on Black liberation and social­ Davenport commented, "When I first ning, they weren't sure they agreed members-that the YSA wasn't really ism, Marxist theory, and other topics. joined, I didn't know all that much with the YSA's position in support of oriented toward Black people. "That's when I really became interest­ about Marxism, and I would some­ busing to achieve school desegrega­ "But when I joined, I found that the ed," he said, "because these classes times say to myself, 'Wow! I'm so tion. Black members are very dedicated to dealt with various views that were behind.' "But now I don't feel that way, Hundreds of college and high information on how you can attend, because I know that people in the YSA school students from across the contact the YSA chapter . nearest want to know what I have to say, and United States will attend the fif­ YSA national you (see Socialist Directory on page that they are willing to help me learn about things." teenth national convention of the 26) or send the coupon below to: • "I came through a number of organi­ Young Socialist Alliance later this YSA, P.O. Box 471, Cooper Station, conventton zations before I joined the YSA," Hart month. You should be there too! New Y ark, New Y ark 10003. said, "like the Pan-Africanist Congress There will be discussions on and the African Liberation Support education cutbacks, the fight to 0 I want more information about Committee. I didn't agree with their desegregate the schools, the govern­ the YSA and the Milwaukee conven­ approach so I dropped out. ment's offensive against democratic tion. "Then I became sort of a lone rights, and revolutionary develop­ 0 I want to attend the convention. Marxist, until the YSA showed me that ments in Portugal. Workshops will ($3.00 registration fee can be en­ there was no such thing ... that you be held on the campaign to pass the closed or paid in Milwaukee.) have to be involved in an organization. Equal Rights Amendment, defense 0 I want to join the YSA. "The YSA's approach to struggle is of international political prisoners, 0 Enclosed is $1.00 for six months to relate to what people are actually and other topics. of the Young Socialist newspaper fighting around-to mass struggles. I In addition, there will be a Social­ (50¢ for high school students). agreed with that." ist Workers election campaign rally "Just living in the times I live in featuring the party's 1976 presiden­ Name ______today,'' Johnson said, "I could see the tial and vice-presidential candi­ whole world falling apart. I began to dates, Peter Camejo and Willie Mae Address ------.----- say to myself, 'What am I going to do Reid. City ______to make conditions better, to help Milwaukee, · speed along the end of this rotten, Registration for the entire five State ______Zip __ days is $3.00. Low-cost and hotel inhumane system? "That was a very important question housing are available. For further Phone School!Org. __ Dec. 28-Jan.l to me. So I joined the YSA."

THE M.LITANT/DECEMBER 19, 1975 13 Camejo confronts Democratic contenders before 1,000 at Massachusetts gathering, By David Salner parties are committed to upholding the In a speech laden with his typical · forces. The Meat Cutters local, which WORCESTER, Mass.-Speaking to capitalist system, which puts defense populist demagogy, Harris admitted includes many Black members, was more than 1,000 people at the presiden- of private profits ahead of the needs of that "like Robert LaFollete [1924 prevented from meeting at its union tial caucus sponsored by the Massa- the working class. "Only a vote for the presidential candidate of the Progress- hall because of racist attacks. chusetts Citizens for Participation in Socialist Workers party is a vote in the ive party], I haven't always come out Mitchell said a vote for a Democrat Political Action (CPPAX), Peter interests of working people," he said. on the right side of issues." or Republican was a vote for Joe or Camejo stated that "the basic issue in Camejo received a friendly response The details of Harris's record were Jane Tweedledum and concluded: "I'm the 1976 campaign is what we're going from many in the audience, despite the made available to caucus participants grateful to your organization.... On to put first-human needs or profits." fact that almost all of the CPPAX by a fact sheet distributed by Socialist election day, it's a pleasure to be able The Socialist Workers party presi- members were supporting one or Workers campaign supporters. The to put an X beside the name of a dential nominee told the meeting that another of the Democratic party candi- fact sheet pointed out that despite socialist candidate." "the Democratic- and Republican:con- dates. In the balloting, Fred Harris Harris's radical-sounding rhetoric, his Florence Luscomb, a longtime leader trolled Congress will soon be passing a received a plurality of almost 39 per- stand on specific issues reflects the of the movement for women's rights, war budget of over $90 billion-that's cent. reactionary positions of the Democrat- and feminist poet Karen Lindsey also more than we spent per year during Many of the Harris supporters wore ic party. - spoke at the rally. A collection raised the war in Vietnam." T-shirts emblazoned with the Harris· For example, between 1965 and 1972, more than $1,700 for the socialist He received applause when he called slogan, "Privilege is the issue." Udall Harris consistently voted to support campaign. for eliminating the war budget and backers jabbed the air with cardboard the war in Vietnam. He opposed repeal using the funds to provide jobs, educa- signs; promoters of Sen. Frank Church of the Tonkin Gulf resolution, consist- tion, housing, and vitally needed social wore plastic imitation straw hats; and ently voted in favor of war appropria- services. fans of Jimmy Carter handed out tions, and in 1972 voted to extend the Join us He also urged the audience to sup- peanuts in one-half-ounce bags that draft. ( ) Send me a free copy of the port the right of Black students to urged a vote for their candidate, a The fact sheet also documented campaign platform, "A Bill of attend desegregated schools, and to millionaire Georgia peanut farmer. Harris's stand against the interests of Rights for Working People" ( ) in defend busing against racist attacks. CPPAX is a liberal Democratic the labor movement. In the Senate, he English, ( ) in Spanish. Camejo spoke first and was followed group that includes many former supported strikebreaking bills, includ- ( ) I want to come to a campaign by Democratic candidates Terry San- antiwar activists. ing a measure to outlaw the 1970 meeting to help plan activities. ford, Milton Shapp, Morris Udall, and Harris, a former senator 'from Okla- railroad workers' strike. He has sup- ( ) I want . to join the Socialist Fred Harris, and representatives of homa, called for dismantling the CIA, ported wage controls, and in 1972 Workers party. other candidates. taking the rich "off welfare," and voted to kill an amendment guarantee- ( ) Enclosed is my contribution of The socialist candidate explained trimming the military budget by $14.7 ing a measly $2,600 annual income for $ __. that the Democratic and Republican billion. a family of four. On the question of Black rights, he Contact the campaign headquarters called for a federal "antiriot" bill in nearest you (see Socialist Directory, 1968 and supported the frame-up page 26), or clip and mail to: indictments of H. Rap Brown and Socildist Workers 1976 National Stokely Carmichael. In 1972 he voted Campaign Committee, 14 Charles for a measure barring the federal Lane, New York, New York 10014. government from taking steps to Name______pressure local school boards to imple­ ment school desegregation. Address ------Supporters of the SWP campaign also distributed 800 copies of the "Bill City------of Rights for Working People," the State ______Zip ___ socialist campaign platform for 1976. Telephone ______Camejo's appearance at the CPPAX­ sponsored meeting capped a tour of the Occupation ------'------Boston area during which he spoke at several campuses and at a banquet Business address ------and rally attended by 140 people in School/union local ______Boston on December 6. At the rally, Camejo was joined by Chairpersons: Fred Halstead, Ed Heisler, John Mitchell, an international repre­ Linda Jenness, Andrew Pulley-Treasurer: sentative of the Amalgamated Meat Andrea Morell. Cutters union, who described some of A copy of our report is filed with the Federal Election Commission and is available for · Salner the problems the members of his union purchase from the Federal Election Commis­ Audience applauded when Camejo (right) called for eliminating $100 billion war have encountered from racists in South sion, Washington, D.C. budget. Harris proposes trimming it by $14.7 billion. Boston, a stronghold of the antibusing Suit challenges restrictive Calif. ballot law . By Bruce Marcus can candidates. For example, Demo- "We have found that people are out: supporting the challenge against the SAN FRANCISCO-A three-judge cratic senatorial hopefuls Tom Hayden raged when they learn that the Califor­ election law. federal panel here will consider argu­ and John Tunney will have to collect nia law virtually legislates the Demo­ Signers of the petition include: Rep. ments December 19 on a suit challeng­ only sixty-five signatures to qualify for crats and Republicans as the only Ronald Dellums; Michael Gleason, ing California's election law. the prima:ry ballot. parties in the state," he says. mayor of Albany, California; Berkeley The challenge was filed in 1973 by One of the state's major arguments In the Bay Area, CoDEL is circulat' City Council members Llona Hancock, five parties-La Raza Unida party, in defense of the law is that a more ing a petition that will be sent to Ying Lee Kelley, and John Denton; Socialist Workers party, Prohibition . accessible })allot would encourage split­ Secretary of State March Fong Eu Robert Allen, editor of Black Scholar; party, Socialist Labor party, and offs from the two dominant parties. David Creque, executive board, Libertarian party. In its court brief the state says, Alameda Central Labor Council; Ed­ The only two parties outside of the · "Both New York and Michigan, with gar Jackson, vice-president, Amalga­ Democrats and Republicans ever to their low qualification requirements mated Transit Workers union; and make the ballot under the current law, ... discourage coalition and accomo­ Ann Chandler, president, California the American Independent party and dation within the major parties and State Employees Association Chapter the Peace and Freedom party, have certainly reinforce just the sort of 1132. submitted affidavits in support of the ideological and personality cult frag­ Other endorsements for the chal­ challenge. mentation that California works to lenge have been received recently from To qualify for the ballot in Califor­ avoid." Mel Craine, vice-chairperson, San nia, a new party must either collect And besides, the brief argues, there Diego Democratic party; Larry 640,000 signatures of registered voters isn't a "monopoly" by the two capital­ Schwartz, executive board, San Diego or convince 64,000 people to register as ist parties, because both the American American Civil Liberties Union; members of the party. Thus the signa­ Independent party and the Peace and MECHA Central, San Diego; San ture requirement is thirty-two times Freedom party qualified in 1968. Diego Chicano Federation; and Stu­ that of New York, a state with nearly "The affidavits filed by the PFP and dent Bar Association of the Golden the same population as California. AlP completely support our contention Gate College of Law. The law also discriminates against that the California election law is CoDEL is urging supporters to parties based in particular communi- undemocratically restrictive," says attend the December 19 hearing at 2:00 . ties. La Raza U nida party registered Byron Ackerman, California secretary p.m. in the Federal Building, 450 more than 20,000 voters in Los Angeles of the Committee for Democratic Elec­ Golden Gate Avenue, San Francisco. County alone in 1972, but was kept off tion Laws. For more information, or to add your. the .ballot because it did not meet the CoDEL is organizing support and Militant/Mariana Hernandez name to those supporting the chal­ statewide requirements. publicity for the challenge. Ackerman Raza Unida party picket line in Los lenge, contact CoDEL at Post Office These rigid restrictions do not apply is currently on a statewide tour to Angeles. RUP is one of five parties Box 17314, Los Angeles, California to any of the Democratic and Republi- publicize the facts of the case. challenging California ballot law. 90017.

14 Victorv. for civil liberties Cuban exile guilty in attack on Coral forum By Joel Britton clients' crimes and turn the victims CHICAGO-A civil liberties victory into the criminals. was won here December 5 when USLA and Coral were accused of Associate Judge John McDonnell being part of a worldwide "Commu­ found ~uban exile Rafael Orizondo nist" plot. Pulley and Gutekanst were guilty of battery against Andrew Pul­ dubbed "pawns" of the University of ley. Chicago. People with · "clout''-the Pulley, Chicago coordinator of the state's attorney's office and the Uni­ Student Coalition Against Racism, versity of Chicago-were said to be was injured while serving as a monitor picking on defenseless refugees from at a meeting last March 9 for Argen­ "Communist tyranny in Cuba." The tine socialist and former senator Juan gusanos, defense attorneys claimed, Carlos Coral. The meeting, held at the were denied their "rights to free University of Chicago, was part of a speech" because no question-and­ national tour sponsored by the U.S. answer period was held after Coral's Committee for Justice to Latin Ameri­ lecture! can Political Prisoners (USLA). The racist attitudes of the defense Several dozen right-wing Cuban camp were shown during initial trial exiles-known in their country as proceedings in October when Andrew gusanos (worms)-disrupted Coral's Pulley was asked to come forward to lecture, threatened his life, physically sign a legal document. A defense assaulted USLA monitors protecting attorney asked twenty-four-year-old him, and attacked members of the Pulley, "Can you write, boy?" audience. On December 1 defense attorneys re­ Orizondo, a freelance reporter for the quested an early adjournment of the Voice of America and La Raza, a trial so the defendants and their Chicago Spanish-language weekly supporters could attend a memorial newspaper, will be sentenced February mass for Gen. Francisco Franco, the 17. The maximum sentence for battery late dictator of Spain. is one year in prison and a $1,000 fine. USLA spokesperson Jeanne Law­ rence hailed the guilty verdict. She A frequent theme of defense attor­ said -it vindicated the "long, hard Defense attorney tries to turn assault victim Andrew Pulley into criminal under cross­ neys' cross-examination of prosecution effort" on the part of USLA and examination. witnesses centered on why none of the University of Chicago officials "to Cubans had been arrested the day of identify and prosecute those who Coral's lecture. This was an attempt to disrupted the Coral lecture." Lawrence suggest that no serious attack took Lawrence, "serves notice on the >e on Gutekanst's arm, opening a surgi­ cited a fifteen-year history of violent place at the meeting-just a heated violence-prone Cuban exiles in Chica­ cal incision. attacks by right-wing Cuban exiles debate of controversial ideas that got a go that they no longer have immunity Assistant State's Attorney Jim La­ against groups and individuals little out of hand-and that prosecu­ from prosecution." - deemed "pro-Castro" or "anti­ vine presented a dozen witnesses for tion witnesses had conspired later to American." In the wake of this victory, Chicago the prosecution, including members cook up the charges against the Cu­ supporters of USLA will step up their and supporters of USLA and Pointing to Watergate revelations bans. efforts to defend Latin American University of Chicago students, pro­ about the connection between Cuban The first concern of the USLA political prisoners, Lawrence said, fessors, and security officers. The exiles and government agencies from monitors on March 9, of course, had concentrating on pressuring Washing­ witnesses described. how the peaceful the CIA to the White House, Lawrence been to protect Coral and try to ensure ton to grant a visa to Peruvian peasant assembly was disrupted by the Cuban charged that such ties between the that the meeting would continue. When leader Hugo Blanco. government and the gusanos had exiles. it became clear that it was not possible provided these thugs virtual immunity Unfortunately, Orizondo's codefen­ to proceed with the meeting, the from prosecution. dants-Jose Francisco Lamas, Jesus A number of witnesses testified that priority was to ensure the safe exit of The defendants are leaders of the Dieguez, and Jose Asensio-were they saw one or more of the defendants members of the audience. "February 24th Committee," whose found not guilty on charges of mob shouting, running in the aisles, mak­ If the Cuban exiles try again "to "managing provisional cadre" in­ action and disorderly conduct. Lamas ing threatening gestures, and pushing repel the red vermin," as they gloated cludes Antolin Pestano of Alpha 66, a . was likewise found not guilty of or punching members of the audience. in the March 15 La Raza, they will find CIA-funded outfit. Pestano regularly battery against Cathleen Gutekanst, Not surprisingly, the defense attor­ a stronger defense and a readiness to attended the trial. another USLA monitor at the Coral neys resorted to red-baiting and other demand arrests and press charges on "Judge McDonnell's verdict," said meeting. Lamas had violently pulled stratagems to try to cover up their the spot. How news media report '76 socialist campaign By Nancy Cole statement by Reid and presidential Then there are the interviews. taped La Prensa, the largest-circulation "NEW YORK-Willie Mae Reid, candidate Peter· Camejo demanding ·regularly by the Mutual Black Net­ Spanish-language daily in the country, Socialist Workers party candidate for release of the Rosenberg files. work, National Black Network, and and also by the Dominican paper El vice-president, today announced her "Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and the Black Audio Network. And in Nacional de Ahora. support for the recent United Nations Morton Sobell were the victims of one many cities Camejo and Reid have There have been other stories relay­ General Assembly vote terming Zion­ of the most monstrous frame-ups and visited, they have been interviewed by ed by the news services. In early Octo­ ism 'a form of racism and racial judicial murders in American histo­ the Black press. ber United Press International distri­ discrimination.'" ry.... The American people have the Spanish-language papers have also buted a photo of a St. Louis protest ·The above introduces Reid's Novem­ right to know the full truth." covered the socialists' campaign. For against Franco terror in Spain. "Mem­ ber 13 statement printed almost in its The rest of the editorial column was example, Camejo's statement in solid­ bers of the Communist Party of Mis­ entirety in Bilalian News. Formerly taken up with a statement by Nan arity with a Dominican demonstration souri and the Socialist Workers Party Muhammad Speaks, the News is the Bailey from the Young Socialist Alli­ in New York was reported in El Diario- joined forces," the photo caption be- largest-circulation Black newspaper in ance. In it Bailey blasts a CIA "minori­ gan. the country. ty recruitment" conference held in It ended: "Among the demonstrators \ The story continues, "'The few Washington, D.C. was Peter Camejo (right) the Socialist Palestinians allowed to remain in Excerpts from 'Bailey's statement Workers Party presidential candidate." Israel suffer the discrimination of were also picked up by at least two The photo with caption was carried second-class citizens in jobs, housing, other Black papers-the Philadelphia by at least six papers, including the education and politics, similar to the Tribune and the Baltimore Afro- Spanish-language La Opinion in Los plight of Blacks in the United States,' American. Angeles. she added. "Following demonstrations by Louis­ (Actually it appeared in seven pa­ " 'Zionism is the ideology used to ville, Kentucky trade unionists oppos­ pers. The Communist party's Daily justify these racist practices, just as ing school desegregation and busing," World ran part of the UPI photo on its white supremacy is used to justify explained the East Orange, New J er­ October 7 front page. However, the apartheid in South Africa and second­ sey, Voice, "Ed Heisler, National right side of the photo with Camejo class status for Blacks in the United Chairperson for the Socialist Workers and placard had been mysteriously States.'" National Campaign Committee, ex­ eliminated, and no mention of the According to Jean Savage, press plained why trade unionists across the "joint" effort was made in its caption.) secretary for the Socialist Workers country should support busing." Then there was the nationally distri­ campaign committee, "This story is an The statement that followed urged buted column "Quote/Unquote." In example of one thing that sets this support for the November 22 actions in between United Mine Workers Presi­ presidential campaign apart from past support of desegregation. dent Arnold Miller and Japan's Em­ socialist campaigns, as far as news Other statements by the socialist peror Hirohito was Camejo slamming coverage goes-attention from the candidates, such as ones in defense of MilitanVWalter Lippmann the Ford adminstration as "Spain's Black media.'' Joanne Little and the Equal Rights Statements by SWP vice-presidential chief source of moral support in the In late November, the Kansas City Amendment, have also been picked up nominee Willie Mae Reid have been despicable execution (of five political Globe ran iri its editorial space a in Black papers across the country. featured in Black news media. prisoners)."

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 19, 1975 15 the socialist revolution can have no in no mood to defend· the far-left pared to support military rule, even viability." press," Marvine Howe cabled Decem­ headed by figures who previously were A purge of the news media has ber 5 from Lisbon to the New York their archdemons, the same contradic­ By Gerry Foley already struck deep. On December 5, Times. The dispatch continued: tions remain between the bonapartist From Intercontinental Press the government confirmed the "disso­ "He went so far as to accuse some of aspirations of the officers and the Since the November 25 ultraleft lution" of all the administrations and the press organs of being pushed by parliamentary ambitions of the SP, putsch, which it, smashed in · short "collective bodies" on the nationalized 'sectarian and leftist propaganda' and which has begun again to raise de­ order, the Portuguese military regime­ newspapers. said that the Communist Party had mands for reducing the limitations has moved rapidly to take advantage The CP-dominated Lisbon papers warned them against this." imposed by the pact it signed in April of its victory. remained shut down, and indications In the radio and television network, making the political parties· subject to According to Communist party depu­ are that they will not reappear unless where thirty-four employees had al­ the MFA. ties in the Constituent Assembly, the CP and left journalists are removed ready been suspended as of December It is not yet clear how cteep the purge plainclothes cops arrested leftist mili­ or bow to the government. 2, tbe government could make similar of the armed forces will go. But it is tants in Oporto who were trying to Republica, which was taken over in charges. However, the bourgeois mili­ obvious that the government's im­ build a united-front demonstration. May by ultraleftists supported by the tary chiefs are hardly likely to prevent mediate primary objective is to reduce The police did not even bother to CP, continues to publish, since formal­ abuses such as those committed by the the armed services to a hard profes­ identify themselves. They just pointed ly the majority of its stock is in private Stalinists and ultraleftists. Instead, sional core that can be counted on as pistols at the workers and hauled them hands. It is maintained by a de facto they will restore a consistent probour- an instrument of capitalist repression.

Suicidal Policy of the SP The SP leadership, moreover, has denounced all opposition to the hier­ archy in the military as part of a CP­ extremist plot against "their" sixth government. • In fact, the SP has had good reason to fear uncontrolled actions by the military. Demagogic strongmen like Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho and others threatened to shatter their parliament­ arist and electoralist hopes, to say nothing of running roughshod over the democratic rights of the majority of the Portuguese workers. The maneuvers by these demagogues and the Communist party, as well as the initiatives undert~ken by the ultraleftists, who sought to bypass the problem of winning majority support by means of the daring and deter­ mined actions of revolutionary minori­ ties, increased the fears of military dictatorship among the SP ranks. Thus, the struggle between the CP and the SP over the composition of the sixth government, and the role of ultraleftists, who hoped to push what they thought was the CP's "left" course out of the control of the Stalin­ ist leaders, gravely distorted the ques­ tion of democratic rights for soldiers in the eyes of a large part of the masses. Now the right-wing commanders such as Pires Veloso and Jaime Neves are taking advantage of this confusion to try to ban all demonstrations by soldiers or civilians against repression in the armed forces. The attitude of the SP leaders toward the restoration of "discipline" in the armed forces is suicidal. It is precisely the restoration of hierarchical authori­ :.. .·. ·. ty that will create the conditions for a more effective kind of military bona­ Demonstration shortly after April 25, 1974, ~verthrow of dictatorship. Mas~es; a~~irations f~r ,-~.,rn,,,..r,.t;,.. partism than the MFA has so far been higher standard of living run counter to plans of MFA government. able to establish. A Long Experience off to jail, where, the CP deputies coalition of far-left tendencies. geois bias to replace that of journalists Portugal has had a long experience charged, they threatened the prisoners The government has sought to justi­ who, despite their sectarianism and with turbulent military involvement in with death. fy its measures against the CP­ opportunism, at least had to claim to politics. Presumably both the military The only place protests were lodged dominated press by saying that the be, and to some extent be, on the side tops and the politicians are aware of against this was on the floor of the reporting was heavily partisan and of the workers. The purge is thus a its dangers. But because of the weak­ Constituent Assembly. Last summer, that as a result the circulation of these blow to the workers movement as a ness of the capitalist class, it is also the Socialist party deputies managed publications plummeted and the state whole. unavoidable, and the Portuguese rulers to establish the principle that this had to pick up the tab for the resulting Despite the sharp blows dealt to the have learned to live with it to what body has the right to investigate financial losses. Stalinists and their allies in· both the might seem from the outside a surpris­ governmental actions. At the time, the Unfortunately, the government's press and the military, the Portuguese ing extent. For example, the fact that CP opposed this. statements are true, and everyone who CP has not abandoned its support for Costa Gomes was involved in a plot to Whether the CP will now defend the has followed these papers knows it. military rule. In his speech December 7 overthrow Salazar in 1961 did not democratic rights it sneered at during Not only were they larded with Stalin­ to the first CP rally since the state of prevent him from rising to the position its campaign for "direct democracy" ist propaganda, they were used out­ siege, Cunhal pledged to support the of chief of staff under the same and-"revolutionary authority" remains right as instruments of CP policy, to government. dictator and later participating in a to be seen. Yet the freedom and build demonstrations and magnify Moreover, the New York Times coup that did overthrow Salazar's personal safety of its own members their effect. reported: "Mr. Cunhal made it clear successor. and all working-class and socialist After the fall of Vasco Gonr,;alves, that even though most of the known However, the contradictions of the activists may, to a large extent, hinge when the position of the CP adminis­ leftists in the military have been military playing such a role are also on what the CP does in this respect. trations and journalists became uncer­ purged, he still felt that the military unavoidable. To rule the country di­ The government's intentions are tain, this Stalinist rhetoric was heated ~ust lead the revolution." rectly, since the other institutions of clear: On November 30, President to a glowing red. Ultraleftists on these the bourgeoisie were crippled by the Costa Gomes called all the legally staffs also followed the example of the Continued Military Rule April1974 coup or by the mass up~urge recognized parties to the Belem palace, Stalinist mandarins more or less, The setback of ·the CP and the that followed it, the officers need some including the Liga Comunista Interna­ taking advantage of what they evi­ ultraleftists identified with the plan for kind of political cover and some kind cionalista (LCI-Internationalist Com­ dently thought was their chance to "direct democracy" under the tutelage of a political apparatus of their own. munist League, the Portuguese sympa­ "teach the masses." of "progressive" officers has not ended This need became more acute when thizing group of the Fourth the MFA's perspective of maintaining the MFA began to be split by the International). According to the offi­ Cunhal Runs for Cover demagogic military rule. The leading pressure of the mass movement in cial Portuguese news agency, he de­ The CP leadership must have known spokesman now for the "MFA above Portugal and the nationalist move­ manded: (1) that the parties call on that this could not last. But they chose parties" is Major Melo Antunes, the ments in the colonies. Furthermore, the their members and sympathizers to to encourage these deluded journalists leader of the Group of the Nine, which structure pad to be broadened some­ turn in all arms and radio transmit­ for the sake of short-term objectives. is considered by the CP and the what in order to co-opt the radicaliza­ ters; (2) that they prevent any demon­ When the crunch came, it . was every ultraleftists to be "Social Democratic" tion that was developing in the armed strations or other functions that might man for himself. and a spearhead of European "imperi­ forc~s and give the MFA leaders the "disrupt the public order"; (3) that they "Even the Communist Party secre­ alism." kind of pivot they needed to balance "stimulate productivity, without which tary general, Alvaro Cunhal, appeared While the Stalinists are still pre- among the existing political forces.

16 This move held great dangers. It it had not been for the sudden advance ans," Paul Ellman reported in the and infuriated petty-bourgeois masses gave a certain legitimacy to political of a struggle for "partial demands'' November 27 Financial Times of marching against them from tht> activity and organization throughout that no one expected, the construction London, "was nowhere more apparent North. On the other hand, as long as the armed forces, although the MFA workers' strike of November 12. than outside the headquarters of the the government rests politically on the leadership intended to keep this under Lisbon Light Artillery Regiment, Ra­ reformist workers parties, it will find it tight control through a system of lis, this afternoon as truck and bus very difficult to mount a violent transmission belts. Ultimately, every­ Hopes Soar drivers edged their vehicles through an response to struggles that enjoy ge­ thing was to come from the top, and This abrupt explosion of a long­ angry mob gathered outside. nuinely broad working-class support. absolutely no freedom of initiative or smoldering labor dispute, heated up by "Stones and insults were hurled at The independence of the workers political independence was to be left to the deepening of the economic crisis, the vehicles as the soldiers inside the organizations from the state and the lower levels. brought the sixth government to the barracks, a hotbed of militant Left military must be reasserted. The work­ The left groups that saw the attempt brink of collapse. More profoundly, it activity, desperately tried to organise ers struggles cannot be seen as subord­ to extend the MFA as offering an showed the bourgeoisie that its time the crowd in building barricades and inate to the interests of the capitalist opportunity to advance democratic was running out. A new upsurge of calling up support to block the way state or to the interests or ambitions of organization in the armed forces were labor struggles under the impact of the against the cavalry regiment, which any military clique or demagogue. not wrong. crisis might not be containable. had moved out of its barracks 45 miles It has to be made clear to the The problem was that nearly all At the same time, the construction north-east of Lisbon at Santarem, and Portuguese people that when the soldi­ these groups and currents allowed workers' action revived the hopes of was standing poised 12 miles up the ers and workers organize it is to assert themselves, despite the denials of the ultraleftists who were tail-ending highway from the Ralis base at the their democratic rights and not to take some, to be drawn too much into the the People's Power plan. northern approaches to the capital." away the democratic rights of others MFA's framework. They did not sim­ The paratroopers obviously expected Republica of December 2 gave a by claiming spurious "mandates" as ply exploit the MFA's contradictions; to touch off a general rising of the similar picture of. the reaction to representatives of "People's Power." they fell, to one degree or another, "revolutionary forces." Officers asso­ "People's Power": In particular, when soldiers organize under the spell of the illusions the ciated with the rebellion seized radio "We must ask what the working they must make it clear that their aim MFA demagogues were trying to and TV stations in the name of class did. We visited some factories in is to uphold the democratic rights of create. "People's Power." The appeal of the the Lisbon belt and saw that the the great majority of the people as well They came to believe that the most rebels at the Tancos base published in strikes some unions called did not take as their own, and not to impose any outspokenly demagogic wing of the the November 30 issue of Republica place. political schemes on the country or to MFA itself would actually advance the reflected this hope and the- bitter "We saw, moreover, that after a support adventurers. process of organizing the masses, of disappointment it led to: certain moment, a relative disorienta­ If these points can be made effective­ ·building "soviets." '"We have been waiting for twenty­ tion developed. The Workers Commis­ ly to the Portuguese masses in a new four hours for the so-called Portuguese sions asked for instructions from the wave of struggles, soviets can emerge left. So far we haven't seen them. But unions and got nothing. They tried to able to lead millions on the class-battle 'People's Power' in Command revolutionists must fight for the revolu­ decide on an orientation in the Work­ front and win the right to represent The end of this road came when tion. We will not surrender. We contin­ ers Commissions, and the result was these millions politically. Major Barroso, the director of the ue, fully mobilized, ready to follow nothing. They went to the gates of the Councils of the soviet type may national radio-TV network under Vas­ through to the end.' This was the barracks, and got nothing-neither develop out of the embryonic forms co Gon~alves, resumed "command" of dramatic statement made to us by a arms, nor instructions, nor informa­ already existing, or completely new the Lisbon studios at 7:00 p.m. on member of the Paratroopers Struggle tion. ones may arise. But one thing is November 25. He told the radio-TV Committee at the Tancos base at 10:00 "The present political-military crisis, certain. Such organs of workers power employees: "This is an armed insurrec­ a.m. November 25. Understandably as a worker pointed out to us, shows will be superior to anything that has tion. People's Power is giving the sparing in words, this soldier added: that we have no parties, no unions, existed so far in Portugal. orders now." 'We are not afraid of threats ar. i and no Workers Commissions. The For soviets to develop on such a The CP and the MFA proposed the slanders. Those who want to fight for working class has to organize." scale as to transform Portuguese "People's Power," or direct democracy, the revolution are always slandered society, a revolutionary leadership is scheme, after the April 25 elections to and threatened. Join this struggle.'" needed that can show the workers the Constituent Assembly showed that No one joined. This sort of thing The Balance Sheet concretely, in day-to-day struggles, their popularity was waning rapidly went far beyond what the Stalinists That seems to be the balance sheet of how to unite their forces and develop among the broad masses of the Portu­ had in mind. They just wanted to make six months of trying to represent their power. guese people. threatening gestures to show the fragmentary forms of workers organi­ The first task of this leadership will The ultraleftists placed their hopes government that it "could not govern zation as "organs of power." The result be to sweep away the clutter, confu­ in this scheme because they saw it as a the country without the Communist is that the task of building organiza­ sion, and wreckage left by the ultraleft way of leaping directly to "soviet party and still less against it," as the tions that can genuinely unite and lead charlatans who transformed the the­ democracy" without passing through CP parliamentary chief Octavio Pato masses of workers in struggle is ory of workers power into a set of the stage of winning the political said in the Constituent Assembly after incomparably more difficult now than nostrums so abstract they could be support of the masses for a socialist the construction workers' action. it might have been. turned against the workers movement revolution. Against the right of the It went beyond what Otelo Saraiva Nonetheless, the 'bourgeois state in by bourgeois demagogues and by the masses to decide about the govern­ ment, they counterposed workers and people's organizations that were still only embryonic. In some cases, such as the neighbor­ hood commissions, the idea that they could rep.resent the masses was pure fantasy. The ultraleftists were misled by the fact that in the conditions of the upsurge, these commissions could carry out actions that were very radical in form and popular among sections of the masses. Other organizations of "People's . Power," such as the workers commis­ sions, were more representative, al­ though this varied and still varies widely. Furthermore, they were still very much ad hoc bodies that could spring up in one period and die the next, to be replaced by a new kind of workers commission. Presenting such fragmentary forms, still dominated in most cases by relatively small groups, as the building blocks of "power" led a large section of the population to suspect, and rightly so, that some political forces, under Radicalized soldiers cheer 'People's Power' demonstration. Illusions in military demagogues led soldiers to attempt false pretenses, were trying to impose ultraleft coup. the will of a minority. Some groups were so intoxicated by de Carvalho, the hero of the rebels, Portugal remains very weak, and the Stalinist betrayers, who used these the idea of exercising "power" directly wanted. He went to the Belem palace, bourgeoisie is politically in a very delusions to lead the ultraleftists and that they came to reject the idea that where he was summoned after the debilitated state. Furthermore, the their own followers to the brink of workers could still struggle for any rising, and stayed there during the military is still divided, and the gov­ disaster for their own opportunist partial demand. That was the case, for CriSIS. ernment is still prey to the contradic­ ends. example, of the Partido Revolu­ As for "People's Power," the putsch tions of the reformist parties that The debacle of November 25-27 did cionano do Proletariado (PRP­ revealed what a snare and delusion it continue to represent its main political not affect the strength of the working Revolutionary party of the Proletariat), had been. The Lisbon artillery regi­ props. The experience of the vast class as such, since it was not in­ which started issuing calls for an ment was the organizational center of democratic ferment of the last two volved_. But to the extent that this armed insurrection two weeks before the most important "People's Assem­ years will not quickly fade. incident enabled the government to the NovemhPr 2[) attempted coup. bly." It grouped about twenty workers The main task now is to help the strengthen its repressive forces and In fact, the "People's Power" project commissions and a larger number of workers unite around immediate de­ put it in a position to strike blows at of the MFA and the CP that was neighborhood commissions in the mands that . all of them support, sections of the left and the labor supposed to be based on these bodies Olivais-Sul area of Lisbon. regardless of their political opinions. movement, the outcome is a grave proved strictly dependent on the politi­ Few workers are going to go into setback for the Portuguese working cal fortunes of the Stalinists and their Bitter Disappointment struggie willingly if they think· any class. It is a loud and clear warning of bourgeois allies. It would have fizzed "The bitter disappointment that move they make may provoke violent what can happen if the damage done out like a wet firecracker after the fall yesterday's uprising was not backed sectarian wrangling and pose the by the "People's Power" campaign is of the Vasco Gon~alves government if by widespread street action by civili- question of a civil war, with terrified not repaired.

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 19, 1975 17 Denounce P-hOnY. amnesty Spanish workers, students demand rights By Steve Clark founder, Pablo Iglesias, who is buried "Francoism without Franco." there. Police arrested more than a That is how Spanish leftists are dozen people and caused several severe describing the regime of King Juan injuries. Carlos de Borb6n, and it's an apt Later in the day, police broke up a description. protest march in downtown Madrid by On December 7 Spanish police rear­ several hundred Socialists. rested Marcelino Camacho, a leader of • The December 7 New York Times the _illegal labor movement-the Work­ reported, "There were demonstrations ers Commissions-who had been freed by workers and students demanding from Madrid's Carabanchel prison amnesty in Seville, V alladolid and only one week before. A day earlier Vigo, in addition to Madrid. In all authorities sent another well-known cases, the policemen broke up the dissident, Rev. Francisco Garcia Salve, gatherings." back to jail. He was picked up while Madrid's attempt to make working greeting a crowd of 1,000 gathered at people shoulder the brunt of its eco­ a Madrid railroad station to celebrate nomic woes is also sparking protests. his return from prison. The workers commissions in Barcelo­ Camacho and Salve were both con­ na, a city in the oppressed province of victed of "illegal association" during a Catalonia, called on all workers to December 1973 trial that sparked stage a twenty-four-hour general strike worldwide outrage against the Spanish December 11. · dictatorship. Trade unions and opposi­ They are demanding an end to tion political parties are banned in government wage controls, as well as a present-day f;lpain. total amnesty and full democratic These rearrests should settle any rights. Other opposition forces in the .lingering doubts about the true charac­ province have taken up the call, ter of Juan Carlos's "amnesty" decree adding the demand of autonomy for announced November 25 to mark his Catalonia. accession to the throne. In fact, as Madrid's brutal assault!? on peaceful correspondent Richard Mowrer put it Dissidents are labeling regime of Juan Carlos (left) 'Francoism without Franco.' protests have been complemented by in the December 9 Christian Science its ongoing attacks on both the Span­ Monitor, "Now the flow is reversing ish and foreign press and by its itself with recently freed prisoners all political prisoners. He said the Ruiz Jimenez were scheduled to speak. decision to surround the new king with being put behind bars again." campaign would include peaceful • On December 7 demonstrators once rightist hard-liners. Actually, the king's decree was not street demonstrations, which are also again protested outside Carabanchel Juan Carlos announced on Decem­ an amnesty at all, but simply a against the law in Spain. prison. Police assaulted the demonstra­ ber 5 that Carlos Arias Navarro, graduated reduction in prison sen­ Many protests have already oc­ tors as they assembled, arresting 200. Franco's top henchman during the tences. Eleven similar clemency mea­ curred: New York Times correspondent Henry past two years, would stay on as sures were issued by Franco himself • On November 27, during Juan Giniger reported from Madrid, "Riot premier. Earlier, the king named during his years at the helm. Carlos's coronation, 3,000 people gath­ policemen deployed one of the biggest Torcuato Fernandez Miranda, who Moreover, the decree freed only 235 ered for a demonstration at Caraban­ forces seen in the Madrid area in fought with Franco's fascist armies of the estimated 2,000 Spanish polit­ chel prison. The protrst was called by years. . . . Mounted policemen gal­ during the Spanish civil war, to be ical prisoners. It totally excluded those the Madrid Workers Commission. Po­ loped over fieltls chasing demonstra­ speaker of the rump parliament and sentenced to death under the regime's lice attacked the crowd with clubs and tors, youths were lined up against chairman of the Council of the Realm. arbitrary' and brutal "antiterrorism" tear gas, temporarily jailing twenty­ walls and hit. ..." According to New York Times corre­ law handed down last August. two participants, including several spondent Henry Giniger, Fernandez Camacho used his brief respite from foreign news correspondents. Although Camacho did not attend "has proposed a form of national prison to denounce the phony clemen­ Other demonstrations that day were this demonstration, his rearrest the socialism for Spain." cy and to demand legalization of all reported in Barcelona and in San same day stemmed from government Commenting on these appointments parties and workers organizations. Sebastian-a city in the oppressed accusations that he "instructed" and in the Christian Science Monitor, "This famous amnesty is an insult," he Basque provinces in northern Spain. "coordinated" the peaceful demonstra­ Richard Mowrer speculated that they said at a news conference shortly after • On December 5 Spanish police tors. "will increase the risk of political and his release. halted a meeting of 2,000 students in • On December 8 police savagely social upheavals leading to violence, Camacho announced that the Work­ the biology department of the Univer­ attacked a peaceful assembly at a repression, and turmoil." ers Commissions were launching a sity of Madrid, where Camacho and Madrid cemetery called by the Spanish That process is clearly already under drive for an unconditional amnesty for Christian Democratic leader Joaquin Socialist Workers party to honor its way. 300 hear Palestinian leader at Boston U. By John Hilsman ency meeting of Arab students to only acceptable solution is a democrat­ World" also discussed the Middle East. BOSTON-A series of public meet­ discuss how they could help with ic, secular state for all of Palestine. The conference at BU was sponsored ings in defense of Palestine took place preparations for Rahman's visit. Also speaking was Jon Hillson from by the student union and the American here recently, featuring Hassan Rah­ They volunteered as monitors for the the YSA. When a Hillel student inter­ Friends Service Committee and was man, deputy representative to the meeting,. as did members of the Com­ rupted him, Hillson challenged the attended by nearly 1,000 people. United Nations from the Palestine mittee of Palestinians in New Eng­ Zionist to a debate, which he agreed to. More than 250 people attended a Liberation Organization. land. The Maoist Revolutionary Stu­ A conference that weekend on "Re­ conference workshop on the recent UN One of the largest and most con­ dent Brigade agreed to help, but then pression and Resistance in the Third resolution condemning Zionism as ra­ troversial meetings occurred at Boston backed out. cist. University on November 21. More than With 100 monitors, the forum took During Rahman's stay in Boston, he 300 people attended. place as planned. The Zionist students also spoke to 175 students at the The BU administration had tried to had predicted a turn'out o( 2,000 to University of Massachusetts at Bos­ convince the meeting's sponsor-the 3,000 for their counterprotest. Only 250 ton. A handful of Zionists tried unsuc­ campus Young Socialist Alliance-to showed up. cessfully to disrupt the meeting by cancel the event. They cited numerous When Rahman rose to speak at the heckling him. calls from alumni who had threatened forum, he was greeted with a standing The Black studies department at to cancel donations to the school if the ovation from a third of the audience Wellesley College sponsored a sympo­ PLO representative spoke. while Arab students raised clenched sium on the Middle East on November As a last-minute ploy to stop the fists and chanted in Arabic, "Long live 24 attended by fifty students. Speakers meeting, the administration an­ the Palestinian people." included Fawaz Turki, Palestinian nounced it was charging the YSA $300 Rahman outlined the PLO position author; Norman Oliver, Socialist Work­ to cover extraordinary security require­ in support of a democratic, secular ers party; and Ned Hanover, Search ments for the event. The YSA pro­ state in Palestine where both Jews and for Peace and Justice in the Middle ceeded to raise the money, condemning Arabs could live in peace. East. the "free speech-if you have the During the discussion period, he laid Discussion at the Wellesley meeting money" policy of the university. the blame for deaths within Israel centered on the attitude Black Ameri­ During the week preceding the for­ squarely on the Zionists, saying that cans should take toward Zionism. Most um, the campus debated whether the "whenever a colonialist movement students concluded that Zionism is a PLO had the right to speak. The includes in its ranks innocent individu­ colonial-settler movement analogous to Zionist group Hillel covered BU with als, those individuals will sometimes the apartheid system in South Africa. leaflets and posters, and ran an ad in be unfortunately caught in the cross­ A number of students criticized the school paper denouncing the PLO fire between the colonialists and the signers of an ad recently run in the as terrorist and calling for a demon­ liberation movement." Militant/Anne Teesdale New York Times. The ad condemned stration to protest the meeting. In response to another question, he When PLO's Rahman rose to speak, the UN resolution on Zionism and The Islamic Student Club, formed rejected the concept of a West Bank Arab students chanted, 'Long live the called on Blacks to take a stand in only one week earlier, called an emerg- Palestinian state, reiterating that the Palestinian people.' support of Israel. / utlook A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM.

DECEMBER 19, 1975

AttemP-t to stabilize caP-italist rule lisbon's assault on democratic rights · By David Frankel MFA are obvious; The assault on The Stalinists also backed the take­ repressing its opponents is no different democratic rights is part of an effort to over of- the newspaper Republica. in in principle from the earlier attack on consolidate its position, and in partiCu­ May, in gross violation of the demo­ Republica. But instead of speaking out Seizing the opportunity handed it by lar to hold back the current working­ cratic rights of the Socialist party. against the MFA's attacks on demo­ the abortive ultraleft coup of Novem­ class drive for decent wages. With the Republica was .one of the few newspa­ cratic rights, SP leader Mario Soares ber 25, the Portuguese military regime, proclamation of a · state of siege, pers in Lisbon that was critical of the held a news conference in Oporto to as was to be expected, has turned Azevedo immediately took the next government at that time. attack the CP. · against the democracy it pretended_to logical step, including reneging on the The lack of a consistent defense of uphold. Once again the issue of demo­ concession he made November 14 of a CP head Alvaro Cunhal summed up democratic rights in Portugal prepared cratic rights has moved to the fore. 40 percent wage increase to the con­ his attitude toward the right of the the way for the MFA's latest assault In the Lisbon area, the main struction workers. masses to choose their own govern­ on democracy. The military regime working-class center in Portugal, the ment when he declared, ", . . I care was able to_ play off one section of the regime declared a state of siege-that MFA Tradition nothing for elections. Nothing!" working-class movement against is, the suspension of democratic rights. No one should be surprised by this. Cunhal tried to cover up the real another, since the Stalinists do not This included the following measures: It does not represent a new turn. Since meaning of his stand by equating favor democratic rights and the Social • Security forces were empowered to it first came to power, the MFA has democratic rights with the existence of Democratic leaders are only concerned m'ake summary arrests. The right of sought to limit democratic rights so as capitalism. Thus, he told interviewer about their own. · those arrested to challenge the legality to hamper the masses from struggling Oriana Fallaci, " ... · Portugal will With the exception of the small -of their detention (habeas corpus) was suspended. • Military courts were established to deal _with "crimes against public or­ der," a u~urpation of the right to a fair trial. • Public meetings and demonstra­ tions were prohibited, a violation of the right of assembly, • Censorship of private mail and of news was imposed, a violation of the right of privacy and of freedom of the press. • The publication of newspapers was suspended, and radio stations were forced to broadcast only govern­ ment communiques, a violation of freedom of the press. • A curfew was imposed, a violation of freedom of movement.

Media Purge Although the rebellion, limited to a few military units, was crushed within twenty,four hours and without a major battle, the MFA (Moyimento das For­ r,;as Armadas-Armed Forces Move­ Soares. Azevedo, Cunhal (left to right). SP and CP have both conspired with capitalist rulers to restrict democratic rights. ment) did not end its suppression of democratic rights. Instead, it went further. effectively for a higher standard of never be a country of democratic Trotskyist forces in Portugal, no politi­ On November 28 the ruling Council living and socialism. freedoms and monopolies." cal tendency has campaigned for a of the Revolution announced the dis­ An example of this was the press The ultraleft groups trailed in the united defense of democratic rights by missal of management and editorial regulation decreed by the MFA on wake of the CP. Unlike the Stalinists, all groups in the working-class move­ employees of eight daily newspapers. June ~2, 1974, following a wave of they want a socialist revolution in ment. Such a united defense of 'the This purge of the mass media, based _strikes. The decree made it illegal "to Portugal. But in calling for socialist basic interests of the working class on a denial of its right to give coverage incite military disobedience, strikes, democracy they refused to defend the could force the MFA government to to "strong anti-Government cam­ unauthorized demonstrations, or to democratic rights already existing retreat, giving fresh impetus to the paigns," presages further measures offend the President of the republic, or under capitalism. By counterposing . struggle for socialism in Portugal. aimed at establishing strict govern­ members of the Council- of State and the demand for socialist democracy to The response of the military regime ment control of the press. the Cabinet." --- those de_mocratic rights that were to the attempted coup is one more Warrants for the arrest of leaders of The various parties on the Portu­ actually in existence, the ultralefts indication of the way the capitalists four ultraleft groups have been issued. guese left have not rallied to the gave radical cover to the MFA's view democratic rights. As far as they Although these tendencies have fre­ defense of democratic rights as a attacks on democracy of any kind. are concerned, democracy is a weapon quently discussed the question of general principle in face of past as­ of "the enemy"-that is, the working · armed insurrection, no evidence link­ saults and there is no evidence that masses and their allies. At the first ing them to the November 25 action they are reacting differently now. Lip Service sign of trouble, the bourgeois states­ has_ been produced. The government is The Communist party has a shame­ The Social Democratic leaders of the men and their agents turn against using the attempted coup as an excuse ful record. The MFA government SP have given considerable lip service democratic rights. to arrest and imprison leftists who had sought from the beginning to build an to democratic rights. In practice, how­ Revolutionists are opposed to every no part in it. Their real crime is apparatus that would enable them to ever, they have defended only their violation of democratic rights by a political opposition to a capitalist gov­ bring the Portuguese masses under own rights. As soon as the SP leaders capitalist government. In the end, ernment. their control, and the CP did its utmost were given a few extra posts in the attacks on democratic rights injure the Premier Jose Pinheiro de Azevedo to help them. cabinet, they backed the government working class . and its struggle -for has promised that the martial law The CP used goon tactics in the in suppressing the democratic rights of socialism. restrictions will be lifted in a few days. trade unions to silence militants de­ others. The events in Portugal offer a fresh He may well live up to this promise. manding action against the MFA's The current attempt of the MFA lesson in this respect that every However, the calculations of the wage controls. regime to strengthen its hand by militant should note.

1t •

of of testimony a kind is also . being It is Which . Oce still Answe,, e'Perience, 'oices my generation-or . Many Czech €1Jed Who StaUnist re~"tance, Were and t country's Y~ars, sociaJ; against dom;. is tlurty intervention,in the 8 ra,.ed Soviet of Prague the. •mhtacy · faith from by quarter The day their of the Pressure not foreseen a Device Lenin. Idea].€rience i~ nat.on. cJ.,sic. snterest industrially in its Pol;,;. lon The of PCObJen,s, those qoestron of socialists Concerni~g in Czechoslovak.are effects. those to avoid one aspect. .the force socialists raised there negat< sad ''P•.rience. andec historical '"•atioa the 28, 1974, Czecbo.lovakthe Western that a (Underdevelop 'edecal '"•nt) The danger even outside leadrizoo Prague They of Dubcek'sthat aiJ letter, Czechoslovakia, The lette, dangerous. our tendency Bending ••king inside 'Pring. '<>ore of People the meot 0000 tndemn. 001 t'ceodo, 0 Party '<>ade

21 World Outloofc

by_ Reza Baraheni- -Sg_eech -- himself' in Iran-the shah I terrorist of one Iranian rule is an one means the 34 Reza Baraheni onlyHe was Terrorism police over [Dr. iscritic. of the and social Sep­ by force Therenovelist, police in person people. poet, shah's a million by the return from about 300,000 arrested upon his has arrested years. He tember 1973 United States. The shah last twenty in the during the those and of teaching the publication people 280,000 of year crime was the about in the alleged Culture of has tortured He has killed His "The the thousands. mosques of his article Culture of killed in the and the cultu­ and the prisons, and Oppressed defended the streets as individuals which Azerbai­ in universities, Oppressor," rights of the asand groups. and linguistic people. torture, ral Baraheni's of incarceration, of the Turks, charged The fear jani regime also has kept thousands Iranian that have and death of the country [The writing works He daughters women with Youth." best sons and men and Baraheni the Iranian Most of these before being abroad. great degradation · "radicalized in prison that it is a 102 days international have felt in an atmosphere spent result of an and live spirit of as a behalf. to go back to the released in his the suffocating tell campaign in exile in which is cannot even now living which You feel about [Baraheni, extensively man, in what You has spoken close friend you cannot United States, Iranian political Your in which of other by the own country, paper on in defense organized Your piece of at meetings even a small opinion Prisoners and Intellectual find write Your for Artistic he has You can the People. Committee This Year which hand it to in Iran.* in Berke­ freely and speak Freedom of 1,000 Your media meetings and 400 this pattern to get addressed 500 in Seattle, Of is very difficult California, others. The little. It New York ley, many a very in the among version of printed on NBC, in Boston, abridged '•nk lowe, something something is an in Carbon­ only half a or to get. television following by Baraheni unlve,e ... Times, [radio and given 6.] of !fie and ABC know every­ speech November a, the cente, CBS, of them dale, Illinois, than God.' of htm,e/f Most silent. for Artis­ 'hah think, networks]. they still keep Committee a 'The thing and are represent the in Iran, Orientalists I Freedom it tortured are nationalities of the so-called and dined and Intellectual in that of those of these Most are' wined tic committee vanguard the writers and unless given equal silent. They The honorable those Iranian The defending Until groups are move also government. most rights of writers. In the rights ethnic will not by the Iranian of Iran the suffered the defends and country well the oil revenues the · defends who have country CAIFI to know the nationalities spends and and authors at the hands the in the country rights, these of shah the army, Writers torture the people the world. because and lack for arms, abroad. So and of the most of all in Iran and forward, illiteracy, either publicity incarceration V AK, one going on incarcer­ from shah has or for meetings shah's SA in the what is of the will suffer The SA VAK, rallies and of the forces the rights the and education. the needs that only here can s~cret-police In defending we are defying culture deaf ear to You see having horrible humankind. of Iran that turned a whenever kind we are nation history of in 1973, ated writers of oppression always groups, and of the of a whole was created apparatus poor, ethnic this bring the plight Ameri­ cdmmittee a group of whole sick, ignorant, of these out against help of well-wishing The by the People has spoken arrested attention I was in prison, antiwar keeps anyone has been to the when in the and backward. measure he cans. involved Iranian unconstitu­ raci~t Americans group of rule is totally and tortured. States and a States. The shah's the Masses, the United movement United has outlawed Third trip to in this Story I living in the quite tional. He and the On his last media Personal story. dissidents and Front, told the news 3,000 You a personal believed, the National associations. the shah were only me give the middle The committee Pressure and other there that there and that Let right from that international Power parties, that country in Iran, kidnapped by four armed rightly, of political Year he decreed whole prisoners terror­ was in Tehran in in the release Early this for the political and a street Everything could result only one Party all Communists There of home. and Prisoners. should be they were usual, lied. and taken to pieces country. the Majesty, as that is men was torn himself as ists. His Iran, and apartment I was taken thinks of terrorist in the the Later shah calls himself is only one is perhaps on the floor. and taken Machine The universe and who piled blindfolded, Torture I of the half a rank shah himself, the world. into a car, I found out Shah's Prison, center which is only He the terrorist in out, only later release from lay of God. greatest prison which of Iran. After my in order to Khodaygan, the rank to a Comite prison than in the man­ in the famous arrest, I the committee the Iranian lower exactly In action to be day of my joined of of himself would. means violent second the other the atrocities member sanctifies charlatans people, blind­ On the front of bare a founding sorcerers and people, Terrorism in the As of Iran, and ner beyond these form of kidnapping them away, was beaten Hosseinzadeh, government. he goes money the taking by Dr. Authors Association Commit­ fact, it was through them, shooting prisoners all call themselves the association's I that administra­ folding and finally torturer (they that he had head of this forgetting them, else keeping head told me the Against Censorship,the by the Eisenhower regained torturing trial. Or who later earlier. Struggle to spent of God without away doctors), ten Years tee of very objectively that the Shadow 1953. them up in dungeons, student torture testify torture ma­ tion in August locked and the light been my to the could the shah's his kingship them of the sun was taken of the of the light from human­ Then I third floor chine.workings , from and away on the on an iron of freedom, chamber strapped kind. and section, New Oppression men torturing about seventy-five ~ Room 600, National as the shah's beating given with a Avenue, one nation has a means raping bed, and of my feet 156 Fifth10010. Iran is not claims. It Terrorism it means on the soles *CAIFI,New York machine but to death; husbands, blowscable. York, propaganda people, women of their wire and the of 34 million are in front country, and on my face Population of these women of the also beaten headed 16 million Turks, the workers of the persons I was by six men, only 14 to 10 million raping mouths of my body of this are up the to defy the sides head torturer Persian. There million Arabs shutting courage the that if I Kurds, two two have the by Dr. Azudi, I was told million are who their reasoning. fl.oor. thirteen­ four and there with torturers particular wife and Baluchis, of Iran who terrorist paying my raped in and in the north means in the didn't confess, would be others the ancient Terrorism available daughter know million dialects of highest salary blanche to Year-old really didn't two by modern the carte my eyes. I speak understood has and giving state. front of 21 Persian, hardly constitution country of the on page While the people of the exe.cutioners Continued Persians. to all the equal rights has outlawed given the regime country, making Per­ the languages, 22 the other of the December all official language in the sian the sole Coming country. the other has put all measure disadvantage, · The at a great so­ Press nationalities racism, illiteracy, to discontent. contributing and social Much receptivity segregation, Intercontinentalat How the genera] cial Turkish-speaking Are Outraged interview blacklisting, rights, 10 million univer­ "We Here." An their for democratic There are schools, Is Defiled Bier­ demands Soviet no Turkish The Socialism Wolf to their of the 1968 people, but and papers. German dissidents whose impact books, with East balladeer ·and the sities, theaters, other nationali- poet and coun­ of Czechoslovakia. of all the shah's mann, a in his own invasion same is true The are banned philoso­ the Persians. recordings a 75 to Intercontinen­ except the country Robert Havemann, send $. Station, Warren ties has divided try, and of chemistry. For a copy I 16, Village Militanuoavidregime measure of the professor P.O. Box of shah's racist the culture Pher and discuss tal Press, 10014. 'Exposure care for two cultures, of the op­ and Havemann York, N.Y. BARAHENI: for all who into the culture Biermann New great urgency dignity.' and is of and human Pressed.oppressors liberty, democracy, 22 Threat to Black movement The NCLC: a record of virulent racism By Jim Mack sis on the SWP's organizing for race In an article in last week's Militant riots, stressing Camejo's support for we showed that the National Caucus of busing in Boston. The Boston Busing Labor Committees (NCLC) plays the Plot is an LEAA [Law Enforcement bosses' game of trying to disrupt and Assistance Administration-a federal destroy trade unions, especially those agency] attempt ... to set white and involved in strikes. black workers at each other's throats." This NCLC union busting is Thus, any time Blacks and their matched by its virulently anti-Black allies mobilize in opposition to school propaganda and actions. The racist segregation or other forms of racial filth distributed by this fascistlike discrimination, they are guilty of outfit is in many ways indistinguish­ fomenting "race riots"! able from the literature of the Nazis, the Ku Klux Klan, and their ilk. Even thi& garbage, however, seems The NCLC denounces Black activ­ mild when compared to the NCLC's ists as "zombies," "cannibals," and attempts to play on the racist myths rapists out to assault white women. It portraying Blacks as sex-crazed mon­ condemns the fight for Black control of sters out to rape white women. the schools in the Black community, An NCLC leaflet distributed recently and accuses the NAACP and other in Boston says, "Is your wife, your supporters of busing of being promo­ teenage daughter safe while you're at ters of "race warf;ue." work? Can you allow them on the The NCLC had its origins, in fact, in street, or even at home alone? ... A the opposition to the Black communi­ member of your family could be raped ty's battle for control over the educa­ next. ... It is not enough for Nelson tion of Black students in New York Rockefeller the leering but impotent City. In 1968 the United Federation of sexual pervert, to push for .nuclear Teachers, headed by Albert Shanker, holocaust and a fascist police state. went on strike to block steps toward Unable to carry out his sexual fanta­ community control. sies himself, he is unleashing zombie This racist s'trike won support from a rapists to get his kicks to get you and grouping inside the chapters of Stu­ your family. . . . dents for a Democratic Society at the~ "We are the only hope you have to City College of New York and Colum­ keep your fL -,ily from being destroyed, bia University. This group, headed by your wife and daughter raped. Will you Lyn Marcus (who also uses the name stand by and watch?" (Emphasis in Lyndon LaRouche), viewed Black na­ original.) tionalism as reactjonary. The leaflet demands cutting off The Marcusites, who had been active Militant/Mary Jo Hendrickson funds to the "drug and alcohol 'rehabi­ in an SDS task force known as the NAACP march on Boston for school desegregation. 'Labor Committee' smears litation' programs whose helpless pris­ Labor Committee, were expelled from movement for Black rights as Rockefeller plot to create 'race riots.' oners are merely waiting to be bribed SDS during the UFT strike. They then and coerced into carrying out Rocky's set themselves up as the "National dirty business." Caucus of Labor Committees." Moreover, the NCLC condemns Puer­ New Solidarity wrote, "Operating on a To remove any doubt that these As the NCLC moved steadily to the to Rican liberation as one of "the $500,000 grant from the Rockefeller rapists are Black, New Solidarity ran right, transforming itself from a sec­ impotent fantasies of capitalist socie­ Brothers Fund, [the NAACP] is being an article describing in considerable tarian group claiming to be Marxist ty." deployed to rekindle the burned out detail what it said was a "plot" to have into a right-wing cult, its views became Amiri Baraka, leader of the Newark­ issue of school busing as a cover for "brainwashed rapists" attack mem­ more and more openly racist. based Congress of African People, is staged race riots m northern bers of the NCLC: · Today the NCLC charges that Black another target for vilification. In a cities .... "In Trenton . . . four black ex­ nationalism is a "plot" of the Rocke­ leaflet headlined "DESTROY BARA­ "With its Rockefeller money, the prisoners separately attempted to gain feller forces. It says that Black people KA!" the NCLC says, "The most NAACP has initiated a similar law entry to the [NCLC] office there ..."; are "brainwashed" and turned into celebrated of the CIA's grass-roots suit against the Detroit school system in Philadelphia a member "was accost­ "zombies" by centers treating drug organizers of local-control fascist with the intention of gaining a foot-in­ ed near her home at gunpoint by a addicts with methadone. movements is Le Roi Everett Jones, the-door for a phony race war." black teenager"; in Buffalo a woman The NCLC's racism, of course, is not alias Imamu Baraka." Another leaflet Other fighters for Black rights, was "kidnapped at knifepoint and limited to Blacks. The struggle of the shrieks that Baraka "has become a including the Socialist Workers party, raped ... by a psychologically disso­ predominantly Puerto Rican communi­ black cannibal for the CIA." which is active in the fight for school ciated black youth." ty in school District One in Manhat­ The Marcusites' anti-Black propa­ desegregation, are also singled out by This vile appeal to the most deeply tan's Lower East Side also comes in for ganda is aimed not just at Black the Marcus group. ingrained fears and prejudices is NCLC attack. Luis Fuentes, the sus­ nationalists, but at every organization Referring to an article in the New typical of fascism. Its use to bolster the pended Puerto Rican school superin­ fighting against racist discrimination. York Times on SWP presidential candi­ racist appeals of the NCLC is a tendent in District One, is character­ Just before the May 17, 197.5, pro­ date Peter Camejo, New Solidarity measure of how far this organization, ized by the NCLC as the "head faggot" busing demonstration in Boston, called declared, "The Times article on Came­ despite its "antifascist" rhetoric, has of the Rockefeller plot. by the NAACP, the NCLC newspaper jo places particular, favorable empha- gone in becoming a fascist operation. ... did Kennedys order CIA to kill Castro? Continued from back page Possible." The assistant attributed to Harvey, the man who inherited the mittee, "The contact with the syndi­ val of Castro from the Cuban scene' Robert Kennedy the words, "The top poison-pill operation from Colonel cate which had Castro as its target . was in preparation." priority in the U.S. Government-no Edwards, and who also headed up folded into the ZR/RIFLE project ... By November 1962, after Kennedy's time, money, effort or manpower is to "Executive Action" -the "general, and they became one." failure to ignite a war over the missile be spared." standby assassination capability" of With this link established, all that i~ incident, the president issued a memor­ On August 10 a policy meeting of the the CIA. left to the Church committee to cover andum instituting a project to "use our Special Group (Augmented), chaired by On one hand, Harvey commanded Kennedy's role in the assassination available assets . . . to help Cuba Secretary of State Dean Rusk, raised the CIA links to Rosselli. On the other attempts is the testimony from CIA overthrow the Communist regime." "the question of liquidating Cuban hand, Harvey sat on the Special Group officials Harvey, Bissell, and Helms.:..... This set up "Operation Mongoose," leaders," according to the report. Three (Augmented) as commander of "Task all of them steeped in the blood of headed by the notorious Gen. Edward days later Lansdale issued a memoran­ Force W," also code-named "ZR/RI­ years of CIA work-that they never - Lansdale, whose talents were also used dum to a top CIA official ordering him FLE," the Operation Mongoose unit actually told the White House what in South Vietnam to initiate "pacifi­ to prepare papers on Cuban policies for assassinating foreign leaders. they were up to. cation programs" -napalm-bombing "including liquidation of leaders." According to Church's committee, an This is particularly difficult to· be­ peasant villages to ashes and setting And it is precisely at this point that internal report of the CIA "described lieve in the case of Robert Kennedy, up "strategic hamlets" in their place. the circle of top government officials executive action as a 'general standby who participated in all of the commit­ "Operation Mongoose" absorbed the appointed by President Kennedy to capability' to carry out assassina­ tees attempting to crush Castro's previous Special Group. This kept "overthrow" Castro intersects with the tion. . . . The project was given the revolutionary government. As we shall Robert Kennedy in on all its activities. circle of CIA agents, Mafia gangsters, code name ZR/RIFLE by the CIA." see in a future article, the report itself At a January 19, 1962, Mongoose and other hired guns who were trying The internal report also stated: makes it clear that Robert Kennedy meeting in Robert Kennedy's office, an to kill Castro. "After Harvey took over the Castro knew about the Mafia operations in assistant to Helms scribbled the note: For Lansdale's memorandum was operation, he ran it as one aspect of Cuba. Kennedy received thts informa­ "Conclusion Overthrow of Castro is addressed to none other than William ZR/RIFLE." Bisell told Church's com- tion from J. Edgar Hoover!

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 19, 1975 23 97 percent of gQil) Gain 5,800 Milita.nt subscribers in fall drive By Pat Galligan Members of the SWP and YSA in The final results of the Militant's fall Detroit were conscious of subscription subscription drive are in: we reached sales and convinced friends, co­ 97 percent of our national goal, with a workers, movement activists, and cam­ total of 5,800 subscriptions. paign supporters to subscribe. Claudia The thing that most distinguishes Hummel even used a turn -of jury duty this drive from previous years is that to good advantage by selling several most of the 3,900 subscriptions ob­ subscriptions to other jurors! tained by members or branches and All cities in bold print on the locals of the Socialist Workers party scoreboard are to be congratulated for and the Young Socialist Alliance and meeting or surpassing their subscrip- their supporters were sold in the cities tion goals. _ where they live rather than through The Militant also conducted a single­ trips to campuses outside these cities. issue sales campaign this fall. Report­ These sales are part of the important ed sales averaged 6,200 in local areas process of building up the Militant's for the ten weeks of the campaign. readership in cities where the SWP is This is 83 percent of our goal of 7,500 carrying out political work. It repre­ copies. sents an increase in the number of Forty-three percent of the Militants people who can follow the national and sold each week were sold in Black, local activities of the SWP, become Puerto Rican, and Chicano communi­ involved in these activities, and join ties. There was an incre.ase in sales in the SWP or YSA. Chicano neighborhoods, especially in We now also have 1,400 new Militant the Los Angeles area. Sales at work­ 'Militant' sales increased significantly in Black, Chicano, readers in other areas, thanks to the places and union activities also in­ communities. efforts of the seventeen YSA teams. creased to 9 percent of weekly sales The trailblazing work of these teams nationally. has laid the groundwork for future Highlights of the sales campaign: locals of the YSA and branches of the • Cleveland and Louisville tripled Final subscription scoreboard SWP. their weekly bundles for the September Sent Ann Arbor, Mich. 15 11 73 Cleveland socialists can boast the 19 Militant to alert people to the racist Area Goal in % Seattle 150 108 72 highest sales for one week-1,055 attacks on Black schoolchildren in State College, Pa. 15 28 187 Albany, N.Y. 15 10 67 copies or' the September 19 Militant­ Boston and Louisville. Cleveland so­ Cincinnati 10 16 160 Madison, Wis. 50 30 60 and the highest subscription total- cialists sold 1,055 copies-350 of these Philac:Jelphia 150 189 126 Edinboro, Pa. 40 22 55 221. in Louisville. Members of the Louis­ Boston 150 181 121 Lower East Side N.Y. 150 81 54 Ever since their big sales week, the ville YSA sold 100 copies. East Lansing, Mich. 10 12 120 Austin, Tex. 15 7 47 first week of the campaign, members of • A total of 736 copies of the Indianapolis 10 12 120 Santa Barbara, Calif. 15 7 47 the SWP and YSA in Cleveland have September 26 issue were sold in Chica­ Oakland/Berkeley 175 199 114 Central-East LA 160 69 43 been petitioning to place the names of go to get out the word about cop Milwaukee 125 140 112 Portland, Ore. 100 40 40 Peter Camejo and Willie Mae Reid on complicity with the Legion of Justice, Newark 50 56 112 Tucson, Ariz. 30 6 20 New Orleans 50 56 112 the 1976 Ohio ballot. As of November an ultraright terrorist group: · Cleveland 200 221 111 24, we had only received ninety-nine • Atlanta socialists sold 1,031 pa­ Baltimore 75 83 111 YSA teams subscriptions out of their goal of 200. pers in two weeks around the school­ Louisville 10 11 110 Ohio/Kentucky 120 213 178 Then the subscriptions began to pour employee strike. Militants were sold Pittsburgh 150 164 109 Wisconsin 120 171 143 in-the result of their all-out push both to unionists who welcomed the San Francisco 150 162 108 Missouri/Kansas 80 109 136 dunng the last few weeks of the drive. favorable coverage and in the commu­ Atlanta 200 211 106 Michigan/Indiana 120 145 121 The · subscriptions were sold door-to­ nity to help build support for the strike. Detroit 175 182 104 Illinois 80 85 106 door in Cleveland and at nearby • Pittsburgh and New York raised South Side Chicago 100 104 104 Southeast 100 84 84 campuses such as Kent State Universi­ their bundles for the October 31 issue. Houston 200 206 103 Pennsylvania 120 80 67 Twin Cities New York/New Jersey 120 78 65 ty and Oberlin College. When the dust Pittsburgh sold 604 copies during their 150 155 103 · Bloomington, Ind. 40 41 103 Southern Calif. 120 70 58 settled, they had gone right over the special preelection blitz week. A total Washington, D.C. 200 203 102 Rocky Mountain 120 67 56 top. of 1,058 copies of that issue, which San Diego 125 127 102 Texas 80 42 53 Ruth Getts, the Detroit SWP organi­ contained the Socialist Workers ·pro­ San Jose 75 75 100 Northern Calif. 120 60 50 zer, tells us that all but a handful of gram for New York, were sold through­ Denver 125 115 92 Pacific Northwest 120 55 46 their 182 subscriptions were sold in the out New York City. Upper West Side N.Y. 150 131 87 Louisiana 80 36 45 course of daily activities. Hattie • The St. Louis SWP and YSA went Brooklyn, N.Y. 150 120 80 Mid-Atlantic 120 48 40 McCutcheon is one Detroit socialist on a campaign around the fight West Side L.A. 150 120 80 Upper Midwest 120 42 35 who deserves special mention. against the budget cuts with the West-North Chicago 100 80 80 New England 120 35 29 McCutcheon, a student at Wayne State November 21 issue. They sold 443 Logan, Utah 20 16 80 General 463 University, sold 17 subscriptions to copies, finishing off the campaign with Lexington, Ky. 15 12- 80 Total 6,000 5,800 97 . 125 6,000 100 students in her Black studies courses. 148 percent of their regular sales goal. St. Louis 98 78 Should have

Pathfinder ~cointelpro' book wins wide publicity By Karen Melville the major news media and libe_ral her 12 to discuss the issues raised in If the reaction of newspaper column­ journals to report on the FBI's crimes the book. Among the scheduled speak­ ists and other journalists is any against the Black, labor, and socialist ers are Black Scholar editor Robert indication, Pathfinder Press's new movements. He contrasts this silence Allen; Evelyn Sell, a socialist school book on the FBI's Cointelpro plots is to the extensive treatment given to the teacher who was fired as a result of going to be widely read and widely Watergate affair, which, he says, "was FBI activities; and Fred Halstead, who discussed. a tea party" in comparison to the was targeted by the FBI when he was New York Post columnist Harriet crimes carried out under Cointelpro. the Socialist Workers party presiden­ Van· Horne wrote December 5, "J. tial candidate in 1968. · Edgar Hoover is no part of my Christ­ The new Pathfinder book got still One hundred copies of the Cointelpro mas dteaming, Qut he and his foul more publicity when New York Times book have been ordered to launch a tyranny are on my mind today. I have columnist William Safire, in his De­ special sales drive at this meeting. just read 'Cointelpro: The FBI's Secret cember 8 column, quoted from Chom­ Fifty Militant readers have written War on Political Freedom.' ... With sky's introduction. · in and ordered copies by mail. Wrote photostats of FBI memoranda and The brisk business at P~thfinder one, "Congratulations to the SWP for other documents, the book demon­ matches the public notices. Although its persistence in forcing the FBI to strates, beyond any doubt, that the the book has only been available for a reveal its sinister role in interfering in FBI devoted its major efforts of the few weeks, Pathfinder has already sold the ·right to dissent of Americans." past 15 years to destroying legitimate more than 3,200 copies. Many of those writing in have taken American dissent and nullifying the Two popular bookstores in New York advantage of Pathfinder's special offer Bill of Rights." City, Barnes & Noble and the Eighth of five copies of the book for only $7.00 Street Bookshop, reordered after sell­ (Regularly $1.95 each.) Said one, "They An adaptation of Noam Chomsky's ing out their initial supply in a few may not be aware of it right now, but introduction to the book appears in days. four of my friends are receiving Coin­ this month's issue of [MORE], the In a number of cities, Militant telpro books as holiday gifts." · journalism review. Chomsky's essay is introd says forums are being held to discuss the To order your copies, write to Path­ headlined on [MOREls front cover. Watergate was 'tea party' compared to book. The Los Angeles Militant Forum finder Press, 410 West Street, New Chomsky documents the failure of crimes carried out under Cointelpro. planned a special program for Decem- York, New York 10014. In Review

- Galbraith's ~Mone fact & fiction Money: Whence it Came, Where It Went by But it is one thing to say that monopolies raise John Kenneth Galbraith. Houghton Mifflin, prices while unions try to catch up with them and Boston, 1975. 324 pp., $10. quite another to pretend, as does Galbraith, that monopoly pricing and union wage increases bal­ There are two parts of unequal merit to this book. ance equally as the causes of inflation. The first, better, and much lengthier is a history of Inflation has steadily increased throughout the money from its inception in early civilization down postwar period, but the figures show that workers to 1941, when John Kenneth _Galbraith accepted a have not kept up with prices and profits. These post in the U.S. government's Office of Price figures are presented in the Council of Economic Administration. Advisers' Economic Report of the President, which The second part begins with the OPA's attempt to Galbraith himself frequently cites to other purposes. control prices during World War II and skims post­ war history up to the present. Galbraith tries to Wages and profits show that "wage and price controls" should be The 1975 edition of the Report traces wages back reinstituted as a permanent mechanism of govern­ to 1947. Its most recent complete figures are for ment supervision of the economy. 1973. Galbraith's first part, on the history of money, is They show that average nonfarm weekly wages easy reading and useful. The concept of money is rose from $45.58 in 1947 to $145.43 in 1973, a rise of 219 percent. For the same years, corporate profits rose from $25.6 billion to $105.1 billion, a rise of 311 percent. Books What was the effect of taxes, which went up the whole time? The Report shows figures for average difficult to understand. Money gives many of the spendable weekly earnings, which subtt:act workers' basic details, simply explained. tax payments from wages. Average spendable Galbraith makes it clear that, at least "histori­ weekly wages rose from $44.64 in 1947 to $127.41, a May 1973 protest against inflation. Galbraith contends rise of 185 percent. cally," governmental decisions concerning money wage controls lead to 'more egalitarian distribution of Corporate profits aft· taxes rose from $20.2 are rooted in the political needs of the ruling income,' but experience shows otherwise. regimes, not in abstract economic theory. billion to $72.9 billion, a rise of 261 percent. Beginning in World War II, however, his view­ Adding inflation into the picture, these average point changes. Money slips into the mythical world the city of New York), while private spending grew spendable weekly earnings should be divided by the of academic "macroeconomics." Except for the fact at only a 4% annual rate." Consumer Price Index. This will give the real that the economic experts who advise the White The point is worth making. Liberalism has purchasing power of wages, taking into account the House are Democrats or Republicans, Galbraith shifted to the position of opposing social-welfare declining value of the dollar. From 1947 to 1973, wants us to believe that they never have political spending by governments without acknowledging average real weekly wages rose only 43 percent. thoughts in their heads. Decisions are supposed to that this was the tokenism it most advocated to For corporations it is necessary to separate be made solely on the basis of countervailing "fis­ pretty up the system in the 1950s and 1960s. undistributed corporate profits-which are reinvest­ cal" and "monetary" schools. The relationship Business Week is more plainspoken too. It fears ed, and consequently subject to·the fluctuations of between the United States and world economy is that the rising expectations of the population the wholesale price index-from dividends. almost totally ignored. propelled by almost two decades of capitalist Accordingly, undistributed corporate profits after Nevertheless, Galbraith's defense of "wage and growth (partially fueled by inflation) will now react taxes, divided by the wholesale price index, that is, price controls" should not be ignored. As the against capitalism: "A booming government sector, the real purchasing power of corporations, rose 77 economic crisis has deepened, the Democrats have one of whose purposes was to redress the balance percent. increasingly emerged as the strongest advocates of between private wealth and public squalor ... Dividends, insofar as they are spent by their controls as an alleged solution to inflation. could easily be responsible for discontent among the recipients, should be divided by the Consumer Price The Democratic party majority in Congress gave lower classes." Index. This gives the real purchasing power of Richard Nixon the Economic Stabilization Act that But neither Business Week nor Galbraith admits capitalist profits. It rose 136 percent. empowered him to freeze wages in the 1971 "New the basic truth about deficit spending, from 1939 to These figures speak for themselves. Capitalism, Economic Policy." Democrat Galbraith was and the present day: It is above all taken to finance the whether in the supposedly affluent phase of Gal­ remains one of the chief standard-bearers in this military machine. U.S. government expenditures braith's younger years, or in the crisis-ridden phase ruling-class campaign. are overwhelmingly military. Washington actually that we are in today, will function to distribute runs a budget surplus when it comes to Social wealth ever away from exploited workers and ever Inflation Security expenditures. The money collected in toward the ruling class and its monopolies. Galbraith treads very lightly on the causes of Social Security taxes annually exceeds the money postwar inflation. He admits that government paid out. 'More egalitarian'? deficit spending, where the government spends Thus Galbraith ends up along with Business Galbraith ignores this. He pretends that controls more than it collects in taxes, is the main cause of Week (and the whole Democratic and Republican will move toward "a more consciously egalitarian inflation. And he bemoans the inability of govern­ party attack on New York workers follows the same distribution of income." ments to undercut inflation by increasing taxes and logic) demanding that government expenditures be But how? At best, "wage and price controls" cutting expenditures during periods of economic cut as a way of curtailing inflation, without administered by a capitalist government can only boom, as the Keynesian system had prescribed: mentioning the biggest item in government expen­ preserve the status quo of exploiting workers. And "As this system developed during these years," ditures-weapons. in reality, a new imposition of controls would be says Galbraith, "expenditures ceased to be subject part of a heightened offensive to drive down wages. to reduction. Taxes still adjusted themselves auto­ Wage controls That antilabor policy is what the liberal Galbraith matically with increases or decreases in the taxable Galbraith's advocacy of "wage and price con­ is covering up for. -Dick Roberts income. But, except in the extreme case of war, they trols" hinges on the premise that governments will ceased to be subject to legislated increase. If continue to inject inflationary deficit expenditures expenditures can be increased but cannot be into the economy. He then attacks monopolies and reduced and taxes can be reduced but cannot be unions alike, the . first for raising prices and the increased, fiscal policy becomes, obviously, a one­ second for supposedly balancing the price rises by way street. It will work wonderfully against higher wages. deflation and depression but not very well against "In the years following World War II," says Gal­ inflation." braith, "the power and self-confidence of the trade Business Week magazine seized on the irony of -unions increased steadily. If the market power of Galbraith's position. "The affluent society is dead, the great corporations did not increase-as some according to Galbraith," wrote Business Week conservative economists were at pain to aver-it · senior editor William Wolman September 8. "[The] was because, as their statistics showed, it had long irony is the extent to which the vision of the U.S. been very great. However, in the view of all but the economy presented [by Galbraith] in The Affluent most inspired defenders of the classically competi­ Society is itself responsible for working-class tive market, such power did increase. So now, as malaise and for inflation. capacity operations were approached, it was possi­ "It was a basic1'Galbraithian theme during the ble to increase prices over the wide area of 1950s and early 1960s that the U.S. economy was a concentrated industry. And it was possible for the goose that laid golden eggs when it came to unions, responding to these prices, to win higher producing private goods-and not just for the upper wages and for the corporations to pass on the classes but for all who held jobs-but one that laid resulting higher wage costs." pigeon eggs when it came to producing· public At least Galbraith admits that monopolies, goods. This kind of conviction was surely one through their policies of "administered prices," can reason public spending for civilian purposes grew at raise prices and profits as the money supply is GALBRAITH: Slips from fact to fancy to justify a 9.5'/(, annual rate between 1950 and 1974 (faster in 'increased through inflationary deficits. De'mocrats and Republicans' drive for wage controls.

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 19, 1975 25 . Ballow, former Minnesota commissioner of human activists was so great that a number of the labor movement. Ultimately, rights; Clyde Bellecourt, executive director, Ameri­ women broke from Madar's discipline CLUW must reverse its stand on this­ can Indian Movement; Chris Cavender, assistant and went to the side of the room lined professor of education and history, Macalester question, or it cannot survive. College. Fri., Dec. 19, 8 p.m. Minneapolis Regional by the CLUW activists. While the affirmative-action fight Calendar Native American Center, 1530 E. Franklin Ave., Mpls. When the GOUnt was tallied, a cheer was suppressed this time around, a BOSTON Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more PORTUGAL SYMPOSIUM. Speakers: Gil Green, went up from CLUW chapter support­ layer of union militants emerged at information call (612) 332-7781. member, Communist party USA Central Committee; ers-they'd won, 4a7 to 352. this convention who demonstrated Barry Sheppard, SWP national organization secre­ WASHINGTON, D.C. The election of new officers con­ their determination to offer a serious tary; Patrick Smith, Guardian correspondent; Jehu, IS ZIONISM RACISM? Speaker: Peter Such, sumed the remainder of the conven­ political alternative to the Madar October League; Sid Bloomenthal, Boston Phoenix; author of Burning Issues of the Mideast Crisis. Fri., tion. Olga Madar and Addie Wyatt Danny Schechter, WBCN radio; Joan McBride, forces. Even in a totally stacked Dec. 19, 8 p.m. 1345 E St. NW, Fourth Floor. International Socialists; Mario Castanheira, Portu­ were reelected president and vice­ convention, this opposition was able to Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Fcrum. For more guese Committee for Democratic Action. Sun., Dec. president of CLUW, respectively. Glor­ block the move to obliterate chapter information call (202) 783-2391. 14, 2:30 p.m. Morse Auditorium, Boston University. ia Johnson, director of education and voice in policy making, and to win a Donation: $1.50. Ausp Boston University Student women's activities of the Internation­ majority to support of action on the Union. al Union of Electrical Workers, was ERA. HOUSTON reelected treasurer. Joyce Miller, direc­ These victories show that it is INSIDE THE WORKERS STATES. Eyewitness ... CLUW tor of social services for the Amalga­ possible to win a hearing inside CLUW accounts, slide shows. and discussion of the Continued from page 3 mated Clothing Workers, was elected for the kind of program that can build current situations in Cuba. the Sov1et Union, and corresponding secretary, and Patsy the organization. If CLUW carries out China. Fri., Dec. 19, 8 p.m. 3311 Montrose. members could elect representatives to Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more the NEB. Only two chapters currently Fryman, assistant to the president of activities that attract rank-and-file information call (713) 526-1082. meet this requirement. the Communications Workers of Amer­ unionists, these women can be won to Many of the delegates were disturbed ica, was chosen as recording secretary. a fighting perspective. MILWAUKEE by this crude attempt to exclude the Now that CLUW has voted to HIGH SCHOOL RIGHTS: THE SUPPRESSION mobilize unions in support ofthe ERA, OF FREE SPEECH AT SOUTH DIVISION HIGH voice of the rank and file. To stave off In looking at the future of CLUW, it local CLUW chapters can go on a SCHOOL Speakers: Adele Topping, student at a challenge, a compromise-reducing is important to remember that the South Division High, member of YSA; Meryl Farber; campaign to draw the labor movement the minimum number of members to roots of this organization lie in the Wisconsin Civil Liberties Union representative; into ERA activity and into coalitions seventy-five-was offered by a staff women's liberation movement. CLUW Organization of Concerned Students representa­ with other pro-ERA forces. tive. Fri., Dec. 19, 8 p.m. 207 E. Michigan Ave., member from the American Federation came into being in 1974, when feminist This activity will not only be a key Room 25. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For of State, County and Municipal Em­ sentiment was reaching deeply into the factor in winning the ERA, but it can more information call (414) 289-9340. ployees in Washington, D.C. consciousness of working women. also help do what Madar and Meany Another delegate presented a Officials in the labor movement NEWARK fear most-win militant women trade counter-amendment to give all recog­ supported the creation . of CLUW for FBI PLOT AGAINST THE BLACK MOVEMENT. unionists to CLUW. It is these women, Speakers: Kasandra Johnson, regional director, nized chapters representation. While differing reasons, but they never ex­ the most determined fighters for their National Conference of Black Lawyers; Banard this proposal won significant support, pected that thousands of rank-and-file Freamon, New Jersey ACLU project director; Ron rights, who hold the future for CLUW it unfortunately did not win a majori­ women would respond to the call for a Stonen, Rutgers University Association of Black and for the union movement as a ty. When it failed, the debate centered union women's organization, bringing Law Students; representative from Black Panther whole. party; Ken Miliner, SWP; Michael Smith, New Jersey on a proposal-by Mariana Hernandez, with them the perspective of building SCAR. Fri., Dec. 19, 8 p.m. 11A Central Ave. (near of Los Angeles, to give representatives an organization that would put wom­ Broad St.). Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For to chapters with fifty or more mem­ en's interests first. more information call (201} 624-7434. bers. This is certainly not what the top NEW YORK Having been badly stung on the labor officials had in mind, and at the RALLY IN DEFENSE OF DOMINICAN TRADE­ ERA vote, the Madar machine took a ... N.Y. December 5-7 convention they hoped to Continued from page 7 UNION LEADERS. Speakers: two leaders of the heavy-handed approach to this ques­ housebreak CLUW and reduce it to a Dominican CGT (General Workers Federation); tion. Madar and the other officials on women's auxiliary, providing a femin­ can kick out these politicians who have Herman Badillo, U.S. representative; U.S. trade­ the platform demonstratively stood up union leaders. Fri., Dec. 19, 7:30p.m. Horace Mann ist cover for AFL-CIO policies. ganged up to lay off workers and freeze Auditorium, 120th and Broadway. Ausp: U.S. and voted against the Hernandez pro­ But because of the fight put up at wages. They can replace the Demo­ Committee for Justice to Latin American Political posal. this convention by serious CLUW crats and Republicans with their own Prisoners. For more information call (212) 691-2880. Addie Wyatt, women's affairs direc­ activists, Madar was stopped short of representatives, elected on a labor tor for the Amalgamated Meat Cutters, carrying out this perspective. party ticket. OAKLAND-BERKELEY was chairing at the time. She took the THE CRISIS OF THE CITIES UNDER CAPITAL­ The convention organizers were They can put an end to the wasteful ISM: WHAT'S AHEAD? Speakers: Michael Gleason, vote three times, in the hopes of being generally successful in suppressing the and shameful military budget. That mayor of Albany, California; Carl Finamore, former able to rule the Hernandez amendment debate on affirmative action, thus $100 billion, now squandered every SWP candidate for mayor of Berkeley. Fri., Dec. 19, defeated. But the closeness of the vote retaining the reactionary position on year, could easily take care of the 8 p.m. 1849 University Ave., Berkeley. Donation: $1. finally forced her to call for a "division Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call this.question adopted by the National needs of the workers in New York and (415) 548-0354. of the house," in which each delegate Coordinating Committee. This stand all other cities in this country. would be individually counted. in support of strict seniority contra­ When the union movement begins to SAN DIEGO The sea of delegates parted as dicts the very purpose of CLUW-to move in this direction there will be no AFTER FRANCO: WHAT NEXT FOR SPAIN? more talk among workers about why Speakers: Mark Schneider, SWP; and others. Fri., supporters and opponents of chapter fight for union women's special needs, Dec. 19, 8 p.m. 4635 El Cajon Blvd. Donation: $1. representation walked to opposite sides . even when they run up against the anyone should belong to a union. The Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call of the convention hall. The supporters privileges of male workers. unions will attract new members (714) 280-1292. of the Hernandez proposal broke out The discussion on this issue is not because they will then offer the pro­ into "Solidarity Forever" and called on over, however. The debate on affirma­ spect of a better future. That is what TWIN CITIES MEMORIAL FOR THIRTY-EIGHT SIOUX undecided delegates to "join the fight­ tive action will continue in local workers expect and deserve from their . HANGED IN MANKATO IN 1862. Speakers: Conrad ers." The pressure of the rank-and-file CLUW chapters, as it will throughout unions. Socialist Directory ARIZONA: Tucson: YSA, SUPO Box 20965, Tucson, 428 S. Wabash, Fifth Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Box 125 Union Desk, Kalamazoo College, Kalam­ OREGON: Portland: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, Ariz. 85720. Tel: (602) 881-0712. Tel: SWP-(312) 939-0737; YSA-(312) 427-0280, azoo, Mich. 49007. 208 S.W. Stark. Fifth Floor. Portland. Ore. 97204. CALIFORNIA: Long Beach: YSA, c/o Student Pathfinder Books-(312) 939-0756. MI. Pleasant: YSA, Box 51 Warriner Hall, Central Tel (503) 226-2715 Activities Office, CSU, 6101 E. 7th St., Long Chicago: City-wide SWP and YSA, 428 S. Wabash, Mich. Univ , MI. Pleasant, Mich. 48859. PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State Beach, Calif. 90807. Fifth Floor. Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: (312) 939- MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA. College, Edinboro. Pa. 16412. Los Angeles, Central-East: SWP, YSA, Militant 0748. Labor Bookstore. 25 University Ave. SE, Mpls .. Philadelphia: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore. Bookstore, 710 S. Westlake Ave., Los Angeles, INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities Minn. 55414. Tel: (612) 332-7781. 1004 Filbert St. (one block north of Market), Calif. 90057. Tel: SWP, Militant Bookstore-(213) Desk. Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Greg Oelke, 201 Philadelphia, Pa. 19107. Tel: (215) WAS-4316. 483-1512; YSA-(213) 483-2581. 47401. W. 38th St., Kansas City, Mo. 64111. Pittsburgh: SWP, YSA. Militant Bookstore, 3400 Los Angeles, West Side: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Indianapolis: YSA, 3138 Perkins Ct. #C. Indianapo­ St. Louis: SWP, YSA. Pathfinder Books, 4660 F1fth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213. Tel: (412) 682- Books, 4040 W. Washington Blvd. Suite 11 (at lis. Ind. 46203. Tel: (317) 783-6447 Maryland, Suite 12, St. Louis, Mo. 63108. Tel: 5019. Washington Square Shopping Center), Los An­ KANSAS: Lawrence: YSA, c/o Christopher Starr. (314) 367-2520. . State College: YSA, c/o William Donovan, 260 geles, Calif. 90018. Tel: (2l-3) 732-8196. 3020 Iowa St.. Apt. C-14, Lawrence, Kans. 66044. NEW JERSEY: Newark: SWP and YSA, 11-A Central Toftrees Ave. #320. State College, Pa. 16801. Tel: Los Angeles: City-wide SWP and YSA, 710 S. West­ Tel: (913) 842-8658. Ave. (Central and Broad Streets). Second Floor. ( 814) 234-6655. lake Ave., Los Angeles. Calif. 90057. T.el: (213) KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P.O. Box 952 Univer­ Newark. N.J. 07102 Tel: (201) 624-7434. TENNESSEE: Knoxville: YSA, P 0. Box 8344 Univ. 483-0357. sity Station. Lexington, Ky. 40506. Tel: (606) 266- NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Mary Ann Kellogg, Stat1on. Knoxville, Tenn. 37916. Tel: (615) 525- Berkeley-Oakland: SWP. YSA, Granma Bookstore, 0536. 468 Madison Ave, Albany. N.Y 12208. Tel: (518) 0820. 1849 University Ave., Berkeley, Calif. 94703. Tel: Louisville: YSA, Box 3593, Louisville, Ky. 40201. 463-5330. Nashville: YSA. c/o Warren Duzak. 3523 Byron Ave., (415) 548-0354. LOUISIANA: New Orleans: SWP, P.O. Box 51923. Binghamton: YSA, c/o Debbie Porder. 184 Corl1ss Nashville, Tenn. 37205 Tel: (615) 269-9455. San Diego: SWP. YSA. and Militant Bookstore. 4635 New Orleans, La. 70151. Tel: (504) 899-7684. YSA, Ave .. Johnson City. N.Y. 13790 Tel: (607) 729- TEXAS: Austin: YSA. c/o Student Activities. Texas El Cajon Blvd .. San Diego, Calif. 92115. Tel: (714) P.O Box 1330 UNO., New Orleans, La. 70122. 3812. Union South, Aust1n, Tex. 78712. 280-1292. MARYLAND: Baltimore: YSA, P.O. Box 4314. Ithaca: YSA. c/o Doug Cooper. 105 Dryden Rd, Dallas: YSA. c/o Steve Charles. 3420 Hidalgo #201. San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant Labor Forum. Baltimore. Md. 21223. Tel: (301) 467-5509. Ithaca, NY 14850. Tel: (607) 273-7625. Dallas. Tex. 75220. Tel: (214) 352-6031. and Militant Books, 1519 Mission St., San New York, Brooklyn: SWP. YSA. Militant Bookstore, Houston: SWP. YSA, and Pathfmder Books. 3311 Francisco, Calif. 94103. Tel: SWP-(415) 431- MASSACHUS_ETTS: Amherst: YSA, c/o Mati< Cera­ 136 Lawrence St. (at Willoughby), Brooklyn, N.Y. Montrose. Houston. Tex. 77006. Tel (713) .526- 8918: YSA-(415) 863-2285; Militant Books-(415) soulo, 13 Hollister Apts .. Amherst. Mass, 01002 11201. Tel (212) 596-2849. 1082. 864-917 4. Boston: SWP and YSA, Militant Forum. 655 Atlantic New York, Lower East Side: YSA and SWP, 221 E San Antonio: YSA. c/o Dorothy Taylor, 317 W. San Jose: SWP and YSA. 123 S. 3rd St., Su1te 220, Ave. Third Floor, Boston. Mass. 02111. Tel: 2nd St. (between Ave. B and Ave. C), New York. Evergreen. Apt 2, San Antonio, Tex 78212. Tel: San Jose. Calif. 95113. Tel: (408) 295-8342. SWP-(617) 482-8050: YSA-(617) 482-8051: N.Y 10009. Tel (212) 260-6400. (512) 223-9802. Santa Barbara: YSA, P.O. Box 14606. UCSB, Santa Viewpoint/New England and Regional New York, Upper West Side: SWP, YSA, Militant Barbara. Cal1f. 93107. Committee-(617) 482-8052: Militant Books­ Bookstore. 2726 Broadway (104th St.), New York. UTAH: Logan: YSA. P 0 Box 1233, Utah State COLORADO: Denver: SWP. YSA, and Militant (617) 338-8560. NY 10025.Tel (212) 663-3000. Un1vers1ty. Logan. Utah 84321. Bookstore, 1203 California, Denver. Colo. 80204. Worcester: YSA. Box -229. Greendale Station.· Ossining: YSA. c/o Scott Cooper, 127-1 S. Highland WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP. YSA, Militant Book­ Tel: SWP-(303) 623-2825: YSA-(303) 893-8360. Worcester. Mass. 01606 Ave. Ossining, N.Y. 10562 store. 1345 E St. NW. Fourth Floor, Wash., D.C. FLORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, Cio Dave Bouffard, MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, Room 4103. Mich. 20004. Tel SWP-(202) 783-2391; YSA-(202) 754 El Rancho, Tallahassee. Fla. 32304. Un1on. University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich. NORTH CAROLINA: Greenville: YSA. P.O. Box 783-2363. GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore. 68 Peach­ 48104. Tel (313) 663-8766. 1693, Greenville, N.C. 27834. Tel: (919) 752-6439. WASHINGTON: Seattle: SWP. YSA, and Militant tree St.. NE, Third Floor. Atlanta. Ga. 30303. SWP Detroit: SWP. YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, Militant OHIO: Cincinnati: YSA, c/o Charles R. Mitts, 6830 Bookstore. 5623 Univers1ty Way NE, Seattle, and YSA, P.O Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. 30301. Tel: Bookstore. 3737 Woodward Ave .. Detroit, Mich. Buckingham Pl., Cincinnati, Oh1o 45227 Wash. 98105. Tel: (206) 522-7800. ( 404) 523-0610. 48201 Tel (313) 831-6135 Cleveland: SWP and YSA. 2300 Payne. Cleveland, WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, P 0. Box 1442, Madi­ ILLINOIS: Chicago, South Side: SWP, YSA. Pathfin­ East Lansing: YSA, First Floor Student Off1ces. Ohio 44114. Tel: (216)_~861-4166. son, Wis. 53701. Tel: (608) 238-6224. der Books. 1754 E. 55th St., Chicago. Ill. 60615. Union Bldg., Mich1gan State University, East Columbus: YSA, Box 3343 Univ Station (ma11ing Milwaukee: SWP. YSA. 207 E. Michigan Ave., Rm. Tel: (312) 643-5520. Lansing. Mich. 48823. Tel: (517) 353-0660. address): 325 Oh10 Un1on. Columbus. Ohio 25. Milwaukee. Wis 53202. Tel: SWP-(414) 289- Chic;ago, West-North: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books. Kalamazoo: YSA, c/o Andy Robins or Dave Evans. 43210. Tel: (614) 422-6287. 9340: YSA-(414) 289-9380. 26 20% off on revolutionary .books and pamphlets

Many of the- bookstores listed in the Socialist Women's Liberation Directory on the facing page are making similar 0 Feminism and Socialism offers; contact individual stores for details. edited by Linda ,Jenness. 160 pages, reg. $1.95, now $1.55 0 Problems of Women's Liberation Black Studies by Evelyn Reed. 96 pages, reg. $1.45, now $1.15 0 Black Liberation and Socialism 0 Woman's Evolution -edited by Tony Thomas. 207 pages, reg. $2.45, now From Matriarchal Clan to Patriarchal Family $1.95 by Evelyn Reed, 492 pages, reg. $4.95, now $3.95 0 Malcolm X on Afro-American History by Malcolm X. 74 pages, reg. $1.25, now $1.00 0 The Last Year of Malcolm X Basics of Socialism The Evolution of a Revolutionary by George Breitman. 169 pages, reg. $1.95, now 0 America's Road to Socialism $1.55 by James P. Cannon. 124 pages, reg. $2.25, now $1.80 0 An Introduction to the Logic of Marxism Labor History by George Novack. 144 pages, reg. $1.95, now $1.55 0 American Labor Struggles, 1877-1934 0 My Life by Samuel Yellen. 398 pages, reg. $3.95, now $3.15 An Attempt at an Autobiography 0 Labor's Giant Step by Leon Trotsky. 602 pages, reg. $3.95, now $3.15 Twenty Years of the CIO 0 Samizdat by Art Preis. 538 pages, reg. $3.95, now $3.15 Voices of the Soviet Opposition 0 Teamster Rebellion edited by George Saunders. 464 pages, reg. $3.95, by Farrell Dobbs. 192 pages, reg. $2.45, now $1.95 now $3.15 0 Teamster Power by Farrell Dobbs. 255 pages, reg. $2.95, now $2.35 0 Teamster Politics by Farrell Dobbs. 256 pages, reg. $2.95, now $2.35

Marxist Economics To order books: check boxes of books desired and 0 Capitalism in Crisis enclose bold-faced sale price plus $.25 for the first by Dick Roberts. 128 pages, reg, $1.95, now $1.55 book and $.10 for each additional book for postage, 0 An Introduction to Marxist Economic The­ .handling, and taxes. Order from: Pathfinder Press, ory 410 West Street, New York, N.Y. 10014. Offer by Ernest Mandel. 78 pages, reg. $1.25, now $1.00 expires January 1.

wo new pamphlets Land or from Pathfinder Pres Death by Hugo Affirmative Blanco Action vs. By Hugo Blanco. 178 pp. $6.95, $2.45 paperback. Seniority Pathfinder Press, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014. Includes: "The Debate Over Seniority and Affirmative Action," "The NAACP and the Struggle for Full Equality," and "The AFL-CIO Special Offer and the Seniority System." By Linda Jenness, Herbert Hill, Willie Mae Reid, Reualutian Frank Lovell, and Sue Em Davenport For New Readers 32 pp., $.50 JOBS: While Congress debates bills that would set up more committees to study unemployment, more & launter· than ten million Americans go jobless. Every week the Militant carries news from around the country Reualutian on the fight for jobs and offers a strategy to win. • Detente Subscribe now. Includes: "Detente versus World Revolution" and ID "The Paris Accords and the Vietnamese Victo­ The Militant-! Months/51 By FELIX· MORROW ry." Includes "The Civil War In Spain." By Caroline Lund and Dick Roberts ) $1 for two months ( ) New 272 pp., $10 cloth, $2.95 32 pp., $.:'>0 · (new readers only) ) $4 for six months ( ) Renewal Also available from Pathfinder Press: ) $7.50 for one year. The Spanish 1976 Big Red Diary Published in England, the 1976 Big Red Diary Name records the dates and events in the history of Address ______Reualutian women internationally and provides a survey of City ______By LEON TROTSKY the status, rights, and demands of women in 416 pp., $10 cloth, $3.95 paper Britain today. Paper $2.00. State ______Zip ____ Order from Pathfinder Press, 410 West Street, Order from Pathfinder Press, 410 West Street, 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014 New York, N.Y. 10014 New York, N.Y. 10014

THE MILITANT/DECEMBER 19, 1975 27 THE MILITANT

The Kennedy comection

• I By Dick Roberts The ·recent Senate report on CIA assassination plots exposes at least eight attempts to murder Fidel Castro, most of them undertaken during the 1961-63 Democratic party administra­ tion of President John Kennedy. These schemes involved gangsters, a Cuban official in the pay of the CIA, and teams that were dispatched from Miami to Cuba carrying everything from poison pills, poison pens, and deadly bacterial powder to high- powered rifles. ·· Top CIA officials, including former CIA director Richard Helms, testified to Sen. Frank Church's investigating committee that they ordered the at­ tempts on Castro's life. But Idaho Democrat Church and his colleagues go out of their way to try to absolve the Kennedy administration itself of direct involvement in the CIA murder plans. Church's report asserts, "Both Helms and the high Kennedy Adminis­ tration officials who testified agreed that no direct order was ever given for Castro's assassination and that no senior Administration officials . . . were informed about the assassination activity." A closer look at the report casts Church committee tries to absolve Kennedys of involvement in assassination plots against Castro, but details of Senate extreme doubt on the validity of this committee's report show they would stop at nothing to crush Cuban revolution. statement. It indicates that a chain of command can be established from the named in the report. He is referred to In the AM/LASH project, the identi­ Castro and if killing him was one of vials of poison pills handed to agents as the "Support Chief." ties of the lower CIA officials, "Case the things that was to be done in this in Miami, directly to the Oval Office of • The Support Chief was assigned Officer 1" and "Case Officer 2," were connection, that was within what was the White House. his duties by Col. Sheffield Edwards, not given. They were operated by expected." Director of the CIA's Office of Security. Fitzgerald and Helms. There is plenty of evidence in the Poison pills • Edwards was given his task by "AM/LASH . . . requested high­ Church report that this remark by Two assassination plots that took Richard Bissell, Deputy Director for powered rifles and grenades," says the Helms is accurate. Another organiza­ place during the Kennedy administra­ Plans (DDP) in the CIA, its third­ report. "A memorandum by Case tional line of command emanated tion are given special attention in the highest office. Bissell was in charge of Officer 2 states '. . . [Fitzgerald] directly from Kennedy's office. Church committee report. covert action for the agency. He approved telling AM/LASH he would Right after the failure of the Bay of From the summer of 1960 (before organized the April 1961 "Bay of Pigs" be given a cache inside Cuba. Cache Pigs, a "Special Group" under Gen. Kennedy was elected) until February invasion of Cuba. "Bissell confirmed," could, if he requested it, include .. . Maxwell Taylor and Attorney General 1963 (ten months before the Kennedy according to the committee, "that he high-powered rifles with scopes... .' Robert Kennedy had been established. assassination) a Mafia gangster requested Edwards to find someone to AM/LASH was told on November 22, Its mission, according to a letter named Filippo Saco, alias John Rossel­ assassinate Castro." 1963, that the cache would be dropped signed by President Kennedy, was to li, was under the hire of the CIA to • Above Bissell on the organization in Cuba.'' reevaluate "our practices and pro­ pass poison pills to agents in Cuba chart was Allen Dulles, a founder of grams in the areas of military and ("Cuban assets") who would then the CIA, its director since 1953, and paramilitary, guerrilla and anti­ murder Castro. along with his brother. John Foster guerrilla activity." Robert Kennedy From early 1961 .until 1965 a Dulles, one of the chief agents of U.S. Kennedy role played a key role in this committee and "highly-placed Cuban official" code­ imperialism from the inception of the Was President Kennedy ignorant of all subsequent anti-Cuban operations. named AM/LASH, who desired to kill cold war. the nefarious schemes against Castro According to the Church report, Castro and who was supplied by the Having died of natural causes, Allen that had been operating on an almost "Taylqr was to give special attention CIA with weapons to do so, remained Dulles could not testify to the Senate daily basis under his administration to Cuba. . . . It is clear from the in constant touch with U.S. officials. committee. Bissell said, "I must have since he took office? record, moreover, that the defeat at the From Rosselli "up"-or is it Kennedy had ordered the Bay of Bay of Pigs had been regarded as a / spoken to Mr. Dulles practically daily "down"?-the Senate report estab­ about some aspect of the whole Cuban Pigs invasion. According to Church's humiliation for the President personal­ lishes the following chain of com­ operation and I am virtually certain report, Bissell and Dulles filled Ken­ ly and for the CIA institutionally." mand: that he would ... probably more than nedy in on the assault plan in Novem­ • Rosselli was recruited and operat­ once have asked if there was anything ber 1960, right after he was elected. ed by Robert Maheu, an ex-FBI agent, to report about the Sheffield Edwards In October 1962 Kennedy took the who had worked with the CIA earlier. operation." world to the brink ofnu~::lear holocaust, 'Remove' Castro • Maheu was given the orders to Three pertinent personnel changes as he mobilized 150,000 U.S. troops in By October 1961, minutes of the "contact John Rosselli ... to deter­ in the· CIA took place during the the "missile crisis" and threw a naval Taylor-Robert Kennedy Special Group mine -if he would participate in a plan Kennedy administration. Sheffield blockade around Cuba, threatening to "state that the Group was told that in to 'dispose' of Castro" by the chief of Edwards was replaced by William invade it. addition to an overall plan >for Cuban the Operational Support Division of Harvey, who in turn was replaced by Helms told the Church committee, "I covert operations, 'a contingency plan the Office of Security. This CIA offi­ Desmond· Fitzgerald. Richard Bissell believe it was the [Kennedy adminis­ in connection with the possible remo- cial, presumably still in office, is never was replaced by Helms. tration] policy at the time to get rid of Cont/nued on page 23

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