SEPTEMBER 24, 1976 25 CENTS VOLUME 40/NUMBER 36

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

CameJo and Reid demand: •HIID OVER THE 8 MILLIOI FILESI

PETER CAMEJO • PULL ILL IIFORMERS OUT IOWI WILLIE MAE REID

By Larry Seigle He said the ruling by Attorney General SEPTEMBER 15-In a move totally without Edwartl Levi would now "accelerate the pace, historical precedent, the attorney general of the scope, and impact" of the suit against the FBI United States has ordered the FBI to end its and other federal police agencies, which is being "investigation" of the Socialist Workers party heard in federal district court in Manhattan. and the Young Socialist Alliance. The presidential candidate told reporters at the Peter Camejo, the presidential candidate of the news conference that the socialists are seeking: SWP, greeted the decision as a "victory for the • "a permanent injunction to outlaw all of the democratic rights of all Americans." techniques of spying and disruption used against Camejo, appearing today with his vice­ us by the FBI and other political police agen­ presidential running-mate, Willie Mae Reid, at a cies." Such an injunction would mean that no news conference in Washington, said the SWP attorney general could reverse this decision on and YSA would move "full-speed ahead" with the SWP without going to court to lift the their campaign against government spying and injunction; harassment. Continued on page 4 THIS WEEK'S In Brief MILITANT 6 Socialists' suit exposes J.B. JOHNSON GETS LIFE: J.B. Johnson, a St. Louis roots of Watergate Black man, was sentenced to life in prison September 10. He 8 SWP slate wins spot was convicted on trumped-up charges of murder in the On the march on California ballot death of a white cop during a robbery. Judge William Corrigan denied probation because John­ 9 SWP files challenge son still maintains his innocence. to Ford-Carter debate Attorneys for Johnson gave the judge a list of forty-five individuals supporting probation. The list included repre­ 13 Uneasy peace sentatives of the Missouri NAACP, Missouri Black Caucus, reigns in Boston and Coalition of Black Social Workers. 14 Detente & the death Johnson plans to appeal. of Mao Tsetung 15 Carter & Ford join anti-abortion drive Camejo on network TV 16 Abel ducks issues in Peter Camejo, Socialist Workers party presidential candi­ steel, pushes Carter date, will appear on the Public Broadcasting Service television network on September 23, the evening of the first MilitanVBaxter Smith 17 Vote for Carter of the "Great Debates" between the Democratic and NEW YORK-Two hundred people turned out will not bring jobs Republican _.presidential nominees. September 11 in a New York feeder march to the Camejo will be interviewed on "Black Perspective on the 'Continental Walk for Disarmament and Social Justice.' 18 Raleigh marchers demand: News," seen at 7:00p.m. in many cities. In some areas the The walk, which began in San Francisco last January, is 'Free N.C. prisoners!' program is aired at a later date. Check local listings for time slated to reach Washington, D.C., for an October 16 rally. Among its sponsors are the American Friends Service 23 Gus Hall, detente and station. Committee, Catholic Peace Fellowship, War Resfsters & '76 election League, Women's International League for Peace and 24 Puerto Rican struggle H. RAP BROWN PAROLE: Former Student Nonviolent Freedom, and Gray Panthers. in the U.S. Coordinating Committee chairperson H. Rap Brown has requested a review of his parole eligibility. In 1971 Brown 25 Who's joining was sentenced to five to fifteen years for participating in the JOURNALISTS DEFEND SCHORR: Thirteen prominent the SWP? stickup of a West Side Manhattan night club. reporters and broadcasters spoke out in defense of reporter Brown has already served the minimum sentence. Lennox Daniel Schorr at a Capitol Hill news conference September 27 Cantu convicted of Hinds, his attorney, contends that Brown's positive contri­ 14. The House Ethics Committee is persecuting Schorr shielding 'aliens' butions to the 1960s civil rights movement weigh for parole. because he made available to the American people a House 32 South Africa regime Intelligence Committee report on CIA crimes ... steps up repression PRO-ABORTION RALLY IN SAN JOSE: A rally Newspaper Guild President Charles Perlik announced supporting abortion rights will be held September 19 in San that more than 5,500 signatures have been collected 2 In Brief Jose. Demonstrators will protest the "California Pro-Life demanding a halt to the committee's witch-hunt. Speaking Conference" scheduled for the same weekend. The Coalition in defense of Schorr and freedom of the press were Dan. 10 In Our Opinion for Freedom of Choice is sponsoring the abortion rights Rather, CBS News; Carl Bernstein, Washington Post; Letters rally. Seymour Hersh, New York Times; Mary McGrory, Washing­ 11 National Picket Line Many organizations are mobilizing their members for the ton Star; and California Sen. Alan Cranston. iLa Raz.a en Acci6n! rally, including the San Jose Women's Center, Planned "The overwhelming sentiment in the journalistic com­ Parenthood, Welfare Recipients League, San Jose State munity is clearly aginst this investigation," said Randy 12 The Great Society University Women's Studies Program, and Sunnyvale and Furst, a Minneapolis Star reporter who chaired the news Women in Revolt San Jose chapters of the National Organization for Women. conference. -Jose G. Perez By Any Means Necessary Other groups participating are the Coalition of Labor Union Women, Socialist Workers party, Lesbian Feminist 26 In Review Alliance, and Santa Clara County YWCA. The rally is scheduled for twelve noon to 4:00 p.m. at the WORLD OUTLOOK St. James Park in downtown San Jose. 19 Lebanon after fall of Tel Zaatar PERSONPOWER, NOT MANPOWER: San Antonio's 20 Ernest Mandel on Manpower programs are just what the name implies: male­ workers democracy oriented and discriminatory toward women. This is the bottom line of a one-year study of this federally funded job 22 Behind Irish republic's training and placement project. While women represent 47 state of emergency percent of the city's unemployed, only 25 percent of the participants in Manpower programs are women. This discrimination is angering women, especially Chica­ nas, who are hardest hit by unemployment. Last month the THE MILITANT Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund filed a class-action sex discrimination complaint with the VOLUME 40/NUMBER 36 U.S. Department of Labor. Complainants are the Mexican SEPTEMBER 24, 1976 American Business and Professional Women's Club, the CLOSING NEWS DATE-SEPT. 15 San Antonio chapter of the National Organization for Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS Women, Sylvia Hernandez and Helena Limon. Hernandez Special Offer Managing Editor: LARRY SEIGLE and Limon both applied to the program, but never received Business Manager: ROSE OGDEN any response. Manpower often does not even inform women Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING of its services. It also doesn't recognize women as heads of Washington Bureau: NANCY COLE For New Readers households, one possible rationale for preferential treatment Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., for men. The fight tor union democracy in the United Steelworkers 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Telephone: The suit could result in a cut-off of funds until San of America will affect the future of the entire labor Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office Antonio programs comply with nondiscriminatory guide­ movement. For coverage of the USWA convention ... Ed (212) 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 1237 S. Atlantic Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90022. Telephone: (213) lines. Sadlowski's challenge to the Abel bureaucracy .. . 269-1456. Washington Bureau: 2416 18th St. NW, struggles for jobs, decent wages, and safe working Washington, D.C. 20009. Telephone: (202) 265- RESISTING CUTBACKS: Most Puerto Ricans in New conditions-subscribe to the Militant. 6865. Correspondence concerning subscriptions or York City drop out of high school before they reach the changes of address should be addressed to The tenth grade. Project Adelante, a bilingual, bicultural Militant Business Office, 14 Charles lane, New program was started three years ago to help students make The Militant-10 Weeks/S1 York, N.Y. 10014. it through public school and into college. On September 1, ( ) $1 tor ten issues (new readers only) Second-class postage paid at New York. N.Y. the United States Office of Education (USOE) and Upward Subscriptions: U.S.. $7.50 a year; outside U S .. ( ) $4 for six months ( ) $7.50 tor one year Bound terminated the program. $13.00. By firstcclass mail: U.S., Canada, and Mexico. ( ) New ( ) Renewal $35.00. Write for surface and airmail rates to all other On September 10, seventy-five people picketed Federal countries. Plaza in Manhattan and then sat in at the USOE office. Name For subscriptions airmailed from New York and Officials were forced to grant a hearing on the closing. then posted from London directly to Britain, Address Ireland, and Continental Europe: £1.50 for eight Seventy people picketed again September 13 outside the issues. £3.50 for six months. £6.50 for one year. hearing. All that the USOE has agreed to do is check into City ______State ___ Zip Send banker's draft or international postal order last year's budget. If there are any leftovers, they might use (payable to Pathfinder Press) to Pathfinder Press, 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014 47 The Cut, London, SE1 8LL, England. Inquire for them to keep the program afloat. air rates from London at the same address. S1gned articles by contributors do not necessarily represent the Mtlitant's v1ews. These are expressed m editonals.

2 Goal is 20,000 new readers Socialists sign up ~Militant' subscribers By Harvey McArthur has already joined the Louisville What do you do when you're new in branch. town and want to meet people? The subscription drive is also stir­ Take the Militant around and sell ring up a lot of enthusiasm in New subscriptions, of course! York's Lower East Side, a Puerto Louisville, Kentucky, is a city where Rican and Chinese community. there has never been a branch of the So much so, in fact, that talking to Socialist Workers party-until this Nelson Gonzalez-subscription coordi­ summer. Louisville socialists are find­ nator for the Lower East Side SWP­ ing that the subscription drive is the was no easy task. People kept inter­ best way to meet people and win new rupting him to hand in more subscrip­ supporters and members. tions. During the past week and a half, the Socialists in that community have thirteen members of the Louisville already sold seventy-five subscrip­ SWP have sold more than fifty sub­ tions. scriptions. Thirty of them went to "We're calling up our friends and residents of the Cotter-Lang housing people that we know," said Gonzalez. project, a large Black project in West­ "We get them committed right on the side Louisville. spot to buy a subscription. According to John Goebels, the "We've also been going through the subscription director, the socialists had hig housing projects here, and setting already sold hundreds of single copies up tables on the avenues. of the Militant in the project during the "But we don't just wait for people to summer. Residents were eager to buy come up to our tables and talk to us," subscriptions when they found out he said. "We walk up and down the about the special introductory offer. avenues, meeting people and showing them the Militant." "We went out again and again," said Gonzalez told me that a lot of people Goebels. "The first time we didn't sell on the Lower East Side have been too many. But by the second time, involved in struggles for community sales went way up. control of their schools. They've also "Now we are also going to the organized protests against the cut­ Village West project. The first time out backs in New York. we sold eighteen subscriptions and "So, when we show them that the seventy-five single copies. We expect to Militant supports these struggles and get a lot more subscribers there soon." reports on them," he said, "it's very Willie Mae Reid, Socialist Workers easy to sell subscriptions." vice-presidential , candidate, will be * * * campaigning in Louisville this week, The September 11 weekend marked giving a special focus to the subscrip­ the official opening of the subscription tion drive. A reception for Reid will be drive. Next week, the Militant will held in the Cotter-Lang project. New report the results of the weekend sales subscribers are being invited to attend. blitzes organized by SWP branches Many new Militant readers have around the country. We will also begin become interested in finding out more The 'Militant' not only makes good reading. It can also come in handy when you printing a weekly scoreboard charting about the Socialist Workers party. One need a picket sign at a demonstration. Subscribe today. the progress of the drive.

SWP asks P-robe of FBI links Nazi held in 1975 bombing of socialists By Harry Ring - Lew Jones, then SWP organizer in sentencing. Many observers asked if the target of gun and bomb attacks by LOS ANGELES-Police reported Los Angeles, came out of the headquar­ anyone without government connec­ anti-Castro Cuban exiles. Numerous September 9 they had arrested a ters door just as a man was preparing tions could get off so lightly. ties have been established between suspect in the February 4, 1975, bomb­ to hurl a pipe bomb up the stairs Noting police reluctance to act deci­ such thugs and the CIA. ing of the Socialist Workers party. toward the second-floor offices. sively against the Nazi groups, Musa Masche, the present suspect of the A huge arsenal of weapons and The man threw the bomb and ran. told reporters, "We said then and we SWP bombing, is employed by Univer­ ammunition was found in the man's Jones shouted a warning and pursued repeat now, we believe there is a strong sal Studios as a mail clerk. home, along with Nazi insignia and a the bomber unsuccessfully. Several possibility of FBI complicity in the It would take a good deal more than flag. He was booked on suspicion of dozen people in the offices were quickly Nazi bombing of our office. a mail clerk's salary to accumulate the illegal possession of machine guns. evacuated before the blast rocked the "We have demanded," Musa contin­ arsenal cops found in his home. Police said they believe he is a former building. ued, "the immediate release of all FBI Clearly a full investigation of all his member of the American Nazi party. The next day a local news service files relating to the SWP, the Nazis, possible ties-with the Nazis and with The Socialist Workers demanded a received an anonymous call in which and the 1975 bombing." the FBI or other government full-scale investigation, charging a the National Socialist [Nazi] Libera­ Explaining the need to probe FBI agencies-is urgently needed. possible link in the bombing between tion Front took credit for the bombing. complicity, Musa pointed to recent the FBI and the Nazis. "We don't want to harass the social­ revelations in Denver. In the Hollywood home of the ists, we want to exterminate them," the There it was established that Tim­ suspect, Serge Masche, twenty-three, caller said. othy Redfearn, an FBI informer in the police said they found six machine Although they had a detailed des­ Socialist Workers party, had burgalar­ guns, four high-explosive artillery cription of the bomber, plus the lead ized the party's headquarters on the shells, and thirty-six other weapons, provided by the call, police said they agency's behalf. After Redfearn's ar­ including nineteen handguns. were unable to solve the case. rest on another burglary charge, Nazi There were 500,000 rounds of ammu­ Two months later the Los Angeles flags were found in his home. nition in the house. Free Press, an alternative weekly, Nor is this the first case of govern­ Masche reportedly said he is a "gun published an interview with Joseph ment relations with right-wing terror­ collector." Tommasi, a leader of the Nazi Libera­ ist gangs in their drive against those A demand for a probe of possible tion Front, a split-off from the Ameri­ they view as "un-American." FBI links with the suspect was made can Nazi party. In the interview In San Diego the FBI provided the at a September 14 news conference by Tommasi openly boasted that his weapons and ammunition for the Omari Musa, the SWP candidate for outfit was responsible for the bombing. ultraright Secret Army Organization U.S. Senate. "We know the cops aren't interested in its unsuccessful attempt to assassi­ Police said they regard Masche as a if we bomb the left," Tommasi ob­ nate Peter Bohmer, an antiwar profes­ suspect in the bombing of twenty served. sor. months ago because he fits the descrip­ Later Tommasi was gunned down by And in Chicago a grand jury found tion of the person seen fleeing the a member of a rival Nazi faction. His that both local police and an army scene of the explosion. killer received a ten-month sentence intelligence unit had actively cooperat­ ng The bombing occurred at a head­ after pleading guilty to second-degree ed with the fascistlike Legion of Lew Jones, who witnessed 1975 bomb quarters of the SWP located at 710 murder. He was also given credit for Justice in violent attacks on the SWP. assault, inspecting damage at Los Westlake Avenue. 228 days already served at the time of Earlier in Los Angeles the SWP was Angeles socialist headquarters.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 24, 1976 3 ... FBI ordered to halt spying on socialists Continued from page 1 • "the immediate transfer to our hands of all files the government has on the SWP"; and • "$40 million in damages." "The Levi decision is the biggest opening yet for all those determined to bring a halt to the government's program of political spying and ha­ rassment," Camejo said. "This deci­ sion paves the way for the American people to learn the truth about the FBI's forty-year war against the SWP. It removes the last barrier to the release of the files the FBI has main­ tained on its investigation." Camejo and Reid announced at the news conference that they are demand­ ing the immediate withdrawal of the FBI's informers from the SWP and YSA, and from Socialist Workers campaign committees. "The Levi ruling clearly makes illegal the continuing use of any informers against the Socialist Work­ ers party," Camejo said. If the FBI does not comply with this demand, Camejo announced, the par­ ty's attorneys will move immediately Syd Stapleton and Peter Camejo at September 15 news conference in federal court for a preliminary injunction ordering the removal of the "appeared to overrule an internal "Levi's ruling removes the last shred that the government now concedes has government spies. decision" of the FBI last month that it of legal justification for the use of no legal justification. "This is an outrageous situation," would continue its investigation of the informers. It also completely demol­ "The files themselves constitute an said Camejo. "Here we are less than SWP and YSA. ishes the government's labored claims illegal arsenal against the SWP and two months from the presidential Justice Department officials are that they don't have to give us the YSA so long as they remain in the elections, and the government is oper­ doggedly insisting that the decision complete, uncensored files on these hands of the FBI. Their retention by ating a ring of informers and dirty­ had nothing to do with the socialists' rats because they are protected by the the bureau also amounts to a continu­ trick artists inside the campaign com­ lawsuit. They claim it was merely the spurious doctrine of 'informer privi­ ing cover-up of their forty-year con­ mittees of one of the candidates. This result of the process of administrative lege.' spiracy to disrupt and destroy the must be stopped and stopped right review set in motion when the attorney "These informers and their activities SWP. The Justice Department ruling, now!" general adopted new guidelines cover­ are now stripped of all legal protection if implemented, removes the last barri­ In August, the SWP released docu­ ing so-called domestic security investi­ against full disclosure, against civil er to our obtaining those files. ments it had obtained from its suit gations. The "guidelines," adopted last suits, and against criminal prosecu­ "You must remember that the cen­ showing that the FBI states it has March, say the FBI can carry out a tions," Stapleton added. sored files we have already forced out sixty-six informers posing as members "domestic security" investigation only Some Justice Department officials in of the FBI archives are only a minute of the SWP and the YSA. In addition, if there is evidence of actual or poten­ Washington, according to reporters, portion-and, we can assume, the least some 1,300 free-floating informers, who tial criminal activities. are worried that the simultaneous damaging to the government-of what do not pose as members, have provided "The lame pretense that this is not a departure of the sixty-six FBI stool exists. Now we are going to insist that data on the socialists as well as on direct political response to our suit and pigeons would identify them. They we get immediate possession of all the other political partie~?, Black and the widespread public support this case would like to spread out the time period rest. And without one word deleted! women's groups, and trade unions has mobilized is transparently ab­ over which the informers drop from the since 1960. surd," said Syd Stapleton. Stapleton is party. "If the FBI doesn't go along, then we Willie Mae Reid told the news the national secretary of the Political "This plan for 'phased withdrawal' can only assume that the FBI's investi­ conference that the government's deci­ Rights Defense Fund, which was is as phony as it was when the U.S. gation isn't really over. Why else sion "has special significance for the established to organize support and proposed it in Vietnam," said Staple­ would they retain the files?" Black movement." (See box on facing raise money to cover the costs of the ton. "We say 'Out Now!'" Stapleton added that the party page.) omnibus lawsuit. would fight any move to destroy the YSA. National Chairperson Nan "It's quite a coincidence that of all Eight million files files. "The SWP and the YSA, and Bailey also addressed the news confer­ the groups targeted by the FBI, the The Levi decision opens the door to a every single one of our supporters and ence. Bailey said that Levi's decision SWP is the first one Levi reviewed," whole range of initiatives by the SWP former members, have a right to know "will spur the YSA and other student Stapleton continued. "What did they and YSA in their case. First and what is in those files. The American organizations to demand the opening do, go through the cases alphabetical­ foremost on the list is the fight that people have a basic right to know. of all FBI and CIA files on the student ly, beginning with 'S'?" will ensue over the FBI's admission What's more, the files are important movement and an immediate halt to that it has eight million pages of files evidence in our suit." political harassment." Informers 'Out Now!' on the socialists. The socialists are also demanding She called for "an escalated cam­ Stapleton told reporters that the "Levi's order to the FBI means that from the government the full text of paign to expose university administra­ party's lawyers would insist on imme­ the maintenance of those files is now the orders to the FBI's field offices tion complicity with FBI, CIA, and diate action by the FBI to withdraw all outside the law," Stapleton told the ending the "investigations" of the police departments' illegal campus spy­ informers and turn over the complete Militant. "Those files have been com­ SWP and YSA reportedly sent out by ing." files on its informer operation. piled under cover of an 'investigation' FBI Director Clarence Kelley. Camejo termed the Justice Depart­ ment directive a "vindication of the right of the SWP to engage in political activity free from government interfer­ ence. "It is a vindication of the rights of Letter to gov't: open files, pull spies all Americans to engage in political [Leonard Boudin, the distin­ 2. Immediate instructions to all disruption of the plaintiff organiza­ activity whatever their views and guished constitutional lawyer present informants to discontinue tions, but removes any claim that ideas may be. who is heading the legal team at once any and all association the disclosure of the identity of the "It is a vindication of the struggle by working on the SWP and YSA with the Socialist Workers Party informants should be protected by the Socialist Workers party and other suit, made an immediate re­ and the Young Soc!alist Alliance the so-called "informant privilege" organizations against the govern­ sponse to the Justice Depart­ and their members. which is predicated upon bona fide ment's use of informers, burglaries, ment decision in a letter to 3. A •consent decree (a) enjoining law enforcement.... bugging, wiretapping, ·kidnapping, Federal District Court Judge the FBI, the CIA, and the NSA in There is no excuse for any physical assaults, and even assassina­ Thomas Griesa. The following particular, and the other defendant further delay in the production of tions." are excerpts from that letter.] government agencies, from engag­ documents, since deletions are no The Justice Department decision ing in surveillance, wiretapping, longer necessary to protect an was disclosed in a September 13 letter We welcome the Attorney Gener­ disruption and the other activities ongoing investigation .... from Robert Fiske, the United States al's decision, regard it as an set forth in the complaint... (b) In view of the pending election attorney in New York, to District Court appropriate vindication of the directing the turn-over to tpe plain­ campaign, in which the SWP and Judge Thomas Griesa. Griesa is presid­ plaintiffs' position of the illegality tiff organizations of all files ... (c) YSA are participants, we will ing over the socialists' lawsuit. of a forty-year vendetta against our directing the disclosure of the request a preliminary injunction "We would like to advise Your Honor clients, and believe it calls for the names of all informants, past and ordering the immediate removal of and plaintiffs' counsel that the Attor­ accelerated discovery referred to present; and (d) directing all infor­ all informers . . . should the go­ ney General has now concluded that below and a consent decree.... mants to cease their activities.... vernment fail to do so voluntarily. the investigation of the plaintiff organ­ We therefore request. the follow­ In our view the Attorney Gener­ As members [these informers] vote izations should be terminated," the ing: al's decision that the "investiga­ on matters of policy concerning letter said. "Instructions to FBI field 1. A copy of the proposed instruc­ tion of the plaintiff organizations election strategy-an interference offices implementing the Attorney tions to FBI field offices imple­ should be terminated" is not only in the political life of the SWP, General's decision will be issued very menting the Attorney General's an admission as to the illegality of which even the government now shortly." decision. the forty-year old surveillance and admits is unwarranted. The New York Times reported today that the Levi order, issued last Friday,

4 the FBI as the "authority" needed for continuing these operations. Suits Reid: demanding disclosure of these files and an end to the spying are pending 'Victory in a number of cities. CANCEJl ON TilE PRONT PAGE 'l'OJI LD The decision of the attorney general for Blacks' of the United States that there is no basis for any "investigation" of the SWP or YSA knocks the props out from NATION under the position taken by these local SI!PTE.MBER 18, 1916 50 UIIU cops in defense of their spy operations. Ongoing disclosures The sharp retreat by the administra­ tion represented by the Levi ruling comes in the midst of ·a continuing wave of disclosures of illegal activity. Many of the revelations have come out in connection with the socialists' case. • Just this week, for example, cops in Los Angeles arrested a Nazi in connection with an investigation of the 1975 bombing of a headquarters of Omari Musa, the SWP candidate for Senate from California. The Nazi was taken into custody along with a monumental supply of military hard­ 'One must wish the Socialist Work­ ware and weapons, including half a ers Party and their counsel, Leonard million rounds of ammunition. (See story on page 3.) Boudin and Herbert Jordan, well in • The New York Times disclosed September 14 that the United States their suit against the government. Civil Service Commission "has rou­ tinely relied on the 'subversive' intelli­ Their cause in this action should be [The following are excerpts gence files of local police agencies as the cause of all Americans.' from the statement by Willie source material in such inquiries." Mae Reid, SWP vice­ Workers applying for federal jobs are presidential candidate, at the never told of such inquiries and are The Nation September 15 news conference given no opportunity to rebut the in Washington.] charges contained in the "subversive" files. Editorial Attorney General Levi's decision • U.S. Rep. Bella Abzug (D-N.Y.) . September 18, 1976 has special significance for the revealed last week that the telephone Black movement. Documents from company, as a "matter of national the FBI's own files, including the policy" turns over unlisted numbers to local, state, and federal political police notorious Cointelpro papers, have The lawsuit by the Socialist Workers party and amply proven that organizations outfits. and individuals struggling for • In Memphis, the American Civil Young Socialist Alliance against government harass­ Black rights have been special Liberties Union filed suit September 14 ment has already won unprecedented victories. targets of FBI disruption tactics. against the city chief of police, who It has forced the FBI to turn over more than 20,000 · Bureau tactics used against the burned political spy files despite a pages from the agency's secret files. It published federal court order prohibiting their Black movement have included the records from government Cointelpro disruption use of informers to sow discord and destruction. Memphis is the city where Martin Luther King, Jr., was gunned programs. It documented FBI burglaries and illegal try to provoke violence within the surveillance. movement. There is also a growing down in April 1968, a killing that has And the attorney general has been forced to admit body of evidence pointing to FBI been shrouded in mystery ever since. complicity in the assassinations of • Throughout recent months, the there is no legal basis for FBI investigation-long a Martin Luther King, Jr., and Mal­ case brought by the Socialist Workers code word for harassment-of the SWP. colm X. party and Young Socialist Alliance Now the lawsuit is demanding that the FBI turn has figured prominently in the nation­ We hope the Justice Department over the rest of its files on the socialists. The other al debate over the issue of democratic order in the SWP's suit will serve to government secret-police agencies must open up encourage the leaders of Black rights versus police spying. As the widely circulated liberal weekly The their files too. Let's see the records of the CIA, Secret organizations throughout the coun­ Service, military intelligence. try to take steps to win the same Nation put it this week, the SWP has kind of rulings against the FBI, as been the "fountain of revelations" You can help this historic legal offensive through well as other government agencies. about the FBI and other agencies. the Political Rights Defense Fund. The PROF is · organizing support for the lawsuit and raising money Rulers' dilemma for costly court proceedings. It is clear that the rulers of this You can become a sponsor of PROF by returning country have decided that steps must this coupon. You can contribute. You can organize The Justice Department ruling also be taken to persuade the American opens the door to pressing ahead with meetings about the lawsuit for schools, trade unions, people that the string of disclosures and community groups. the fight against the web of secret­ should be ended. That is why they are police agencies-federal, state, and willing to pay the high political price Take up "the cause of all Americans," as The local-who carry out spying and dis­ of having the attorney general state, in Nation correctly describes this lawsuit. Support the ruption operations in tandem with the effect, that there is no evidence of any PROF. FBI, and who have justified their illegal acts or plans by the SWP. operations against the SWP and YSA In return, they hope, the disclosures on the basis of the FBI's investigation. being generated by the socialists' suit These include secret-police agencies and the political campaign around it such as the Alcohol, Tobacco and can finally be halted. Firearms Division of the Internal The editors of the New York Times Your cause, too. Revenue Service, a unit that has expressed this in an editorial entitled figured prominently in the frame-ups, "Case Closed" in today's Times. The victimizations, and outright murders editorial states that the Justice Depart­ D Add my name as a sponsor of the Political of Chicano activists through the use of ment move. "will bring down the Rights Defense Fund. undercover informers and provoca­ curtain on a saga involving some 92 teurs. illegal burglaries of the party head­ D Enclosed Is my contribution of $ __ . It also includes the Central Intelli­ quarters between 1960 and 1966, write D Send me more Information about the lawsuit gence Agency, which has already off the salaries of hundreds of paid and PROF. admitted in court in response to F.B.I. informants, and stamp 'case Name ______questions from the SWP that it carries closed' on the 8 million separate files out burglaries and electronic surveil­ they accumulated." lance against socialists traveling and But that editorial is an expression of Address ------living abroad. The CIA claims, howev­ a wish, not a fact. Far from closing the · City State er, that it would endanger "national · case, the Levi move opens up a whole security" if it were compelled to release new stage in the Socialist Workers' Zip Telephone ------the details of these crimes. case, and in their fight to bring down Organization (for Identification only) ____ Other federal agencies with files on the nation's secret-police apparatus. the SWP are also defendants in the In an interview with the Militant, suit. These include Military Intelli­ SWP National Secretary Jack Barnes Return to PROF, P.O. Box 649 Cooper Station, gence, the Secret Service, and the said, "The SWP will do everything in New York, N.Y. 10003 supersecret National Security Agency. our power to deepen and continue the There are also files and informers exposures and disclosures of the gov­ maintained by city police "red squads" ernment's attacks on the democratic around the country, all of whom cite Continued on page 30

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 24, 1976 5 Blocking the cover-uP-§ Socialist suit ex roots of Watergate By Andy Rose was still in its preliminary stages, the In 1941 the top leaders of the ruling class began to seriously consid­ Socialist Workers party were framed er sacrificing the hopelessly discredit­ up by the FBI and sentenced to prison ed Nixon. Through his impeachment for their socialist and antiwar views. or forced resignation, they hoped to Today, thirty-five years later, the halt the spreading disillusionment tables have turned. with capitalist politics and show that FBI agents-hauled into court for "the system works." burglarizing socialist offices-are scur­ The SWP and YSA stood virtually rying for legal cover and ratting on alone among radical groups in oppos­ their superiors. Bureau sources fear ing efforts to channel the outrage over "mass resignations." Top G-man Clar­ Watergate into a campaign focused on ence Kelley is caught lying and cover­ Richard Nixon. ing up FBI crimes. "The problems facing working peo­ And now the Justice Department­ ple can't be solved by putting another hoping to halt the floodtide of revela­ capitalist politician in to replace Nix­ tions that has wrecked the FBI's on," the Militant argued in a front­ credibility-declares it is directing the page editorial November 9, 1973. " ... FBI to give up altogether on its It is the capitalist system that is decjldes-long "investigation" of the responsible for Watergate in the first SWP. What happened? place." Washington's political police have The SWP's response to Watergate been discredited, demoralized, and had two related aspects. One was to debilitated in large part as a result of persistently explain the need for inde­ the lawsuit initiated by the Socialist pendent working-class political action Workers party and Young Socialist against the antidemocratic, racist, Alliance more than three years ago. antilabor policies of both capitalist To understand how this historic parties. offensive against government crimes The second was to press ahead with has unfolded, it helps to recall the th~ party's campaign demanding more circumstances under which the suit files on the government's disruption was launched. program, refusing to subordinate that fight in defense of democratic rights to Nixon furor any scheme aimed at cleaning up the It is July 18, 1973. Three weeks ago, SUMMER 1973: Erilin committee (top) covers up extent of Watergate crimes. government's act. John Dean first testified that Nixon Socialists launch suit to expose illegal spying and harassment. At opening news When Nixon was finally forced to took part in covering up the Watergate conference: Andrew Pulley, Leonard Boudin, Linda Jenness. resign in August 1974, the Militant break-in. Two days ago, Alexander warned: "Now the real cover-up begins Butterfield first revealed the existence . . . . the cover-up of this system of of the White House tapes. class rule-a system that is by necessi­ National attention centers on the ty built on corruption, on secrecy, and Senate Watergate committee headed a few others, the SWP said that battle-two FBI memos on Cointelpro, on lies." by Sam Ervin. The big question, government deceit and secret-police the now-famous "Counterintelligence Democrats and Republicans alike according to the capitalist politicians operations are a fundamental feature Programs" to "expose, disrupt, and declared the Watergate era ended. and news media, is how much Nixon of capitalist rule. otherwise neutralize" radicals and pro­ "Our long national nightmare is over," knew about Watergate and when he No congressional committees, no testers. said President Ford. knew it. special prosecutors, no impeachments These memos included the first But wishful thinking was not In the midst of the Nixon furor, the of individual crooks, no official "clean­ public disclosure of the FBI's "Social­ enough. Watergate would not go away. SWP and YSA file suit in federal court. up" of the spy agencies could be relied ist Workers Party Disruption Pro­ And the American Trotskyists' suit They charge Nixon, Mitchell, Halde­ upon to expose and end these biparti­ gram." Armed with this new informa­ began to play a more and more man, Ehrlichman, and other govern­ san violations of democratic rights. tion, the SWP was able to demand that important role in blocking the cover-up ment officials as reponsible for "illegal But these violations were precisely the specific FBI files be handed over to it of continuing government crimes. acts of blacklisting, harassment, elec­ crimes the socialist suit aimed to in preparation for the trial. tronic surveillance, burglary, mail uncover. The next big turn in the case didn't The cover-up committees tampering, and terrorism" against The SWP had a long history of come until January 1975. Socialist As more news of spy agency SWP and YSA members and support­ defending its members and others from professor Morris Starsky obtained files "abuses" leaked out-focusing in late ers. government frame-ups. But the new showing that the FBI had sent ano­ 1974 on CIA assassination plots and The suit asks for a court injunction political climate of radicalization and nymous poison-pen letters seeking to domestic spying-the government felt to halt all government harassment, revulsion at such methods, the social­ have him fired from the philosophy compelled to set up still more blue­ spying, and intimidation of the social­ ists believed, now made it possible for department at Arizona State Universi­ ribbon panels. Ford appointed the ists. It also seeks to have the attorney the first time to take the offensive ty in 1970. Rockefeller commission on the CIA, general's witch-hunting list of "subver­ against illegal spying and harassment. The Starsky papers were a tiny while both houses of Congress estab­ sive organizations" ruled unconstitu­ Leonard Boudin, general counsel for preview of the 3,138 pages of Cointel­ lished special committees on intelli­ tional, and asks $27 million in dam­ the SWP and the YSA, said he hoped pro files the FBI finally handed over in gence. ages. the case would pave the way for March 1975. These documents proved The aim of these committees was The socialists have launched this similar actions by other political par· the FBI had disrupted SWP election never to make a full disclosure of CIA unprecedented legal action because ties and groups victimized by campaigns, planted smear stories in and FBI crimes, any more than the they have a perspective on Watergate Watergate-style practices. the press, tried to get socialists fired Ervin Watergate committee had aimed very different from that prevalent at Results came slowly at first. The from their jobs and evicted from their to get to the bottom of the White House the time. government tried to stonewall, claim­ homes, and instigated red-baiting horrors. Linda Jenness, 1972 presidential ing "executive privilege" and "nation­ attacks on the SWP and YSA within Run by Democratic and Republi­ candidate of the SWP and a plaintiff in al security" reasons for withholding the antiwar and Black movements. can politicians who defend capitalist the suit, explains this at the news evidence from the SWP. But there were And lots more. rule, and who therefore must accept conference announcing the suit. some breaks. It was enough to fill a book. That the necessity of agencies like the CIA "The Watergate revelations have Lori Paton, a New Jersey high book is Cointelpro: The FBI's Secret and FBI, these committees sought to laid bare a network of illegal undercov­ school student, took the FBI to court War on Political Freedom, by Nelson sanitize their image and restore confi­ er police operations and government for harassing her after she sent a letter Blackstock, now available in an ex­ dence in the integrity .of the govern­ secrecy," she says. to the SWP requesting information as panded edition from Vintage Books. ment. "These methods of rule are not part of a school project. The Paton case The FBI claimed to have terminated They saw only what they wanted to merely an aberration that can be proved the FBI was reading mail sent Cointelpro• in 1971, but the socialists see. They uncovered only as much as attributed to one party, or one wing of to the SWP. quickly provided evidence that such they thought they had to. one party. [They} have been main· In December 1973, NBC reporter tactics were never ended. CIA files obtained through the SWP tained and expanded for decades under Carl Stern obtained-after a long court In 1973 and early 1974, while the suit suit helped to promptly discredit the both Democratic and Republican ad· Rockefeller commission report. These ministrations." files proved that domestic CIA spying 'While liberals pinned was more extensive and continued The real victims exclusive blame for longer than claimed in the Rockefeller In an open letter appealing for Watergate crimes on report. support to the suit, Jenness and What had begun as a trickle of Andrew Pulley, her 1972 running mate, Nixon, Hoover, and a revelations turned into an avalanche further assert that the main victims of fe'\v others, SWP said in March 1976, when the SWP forced illegal government plots have been that government deceit the release of the first files proving antiwar activists, Black liberation FBI burglaries of socialist offices­ fighters, trade-union militants, advo­ and secret police ninety-two break-ins in New York City cates of women's rights, and other operations are alone from 1960 to 1966. fighters for social justice. fundamental features FBI chief Clarence Kelley solemnly While the liberals were trying to pin of capitalist rule.' insisted that all burglaries ended in exclusive blame for Watergate-style 1966. Both congressional committees crimes on Nixon, J. Edgar Hoover, and Conllnuetl on page 30

6 SWP demands inQY.i!:Y. of new Nazi threats Denver grand jury probes FBI burglary By Anne Forest FBI Director Clarence Kelley and the fearn and the FBI itself." decorated with Nazi flags and arm­ DENVER-A local grand jury has local bureau conspired to cover up the Getts is also demanding that the bands. begun investigating the July burglary July burglary. In addition, the file grand jury investigate links between Getts told the Militant, "We think of Socialist Workers party campaign details other burglaries Redfearn com­ Redfearn and the FBI and a continu­ the grand jury has the duty to investi­ offices here by paid FBI informer mitted against the socialists for the ing campaign of harassment of the gate possible direct involveme"llt by Timothy Redfearn. FBI. SWP by Nazis. Redfearn and the FBI in this ongoing The July theft of party records set in On September 9 the grand jury heard On August 30 red swastikas were attempt to harass and intimidate the motion a chain of events that led to the testimony from Redfearn and a discovered painted on the SWP's cam­ SWP. unmasking of Redfearn, who was number of local FBI agents. Also paign headquarters. Since that time posing as a member of the Young testifying was Ruth Getts, organizer of the campaign has received a daily "At the very least, the FBI, because Socialist Alliance, and the release of the SWP when the burglary took place. stream of racist hate mail from Nazis, of its illegal actions against our party, his informer file. In a statement issued after her saying such things as, "Hitler was is responsible for creating an atmos­ The FBI was forced to hand over its appearance before the jury, Getts said, right. Who needs niggers" and, "We phere where vile racist outfits like the file on Redfearn under federal court "Redfearn and the FBI have clearly are watching you." Nazis feel free to carry out their order in connection with the SWP's outlined their responsibility for the Redfearn may well be connected intimidation campaigns. and YSA's $40 million lawsuit against burglary and other acts of illegal with the Nazi group. When members of "As long as these criminals feel free government surveillance and harass­ harassment in files turned over to us the SWP and YSA visited him to to harass and carry out illegal acts ment. and already made public. question him about the July burglary, against the SWP and YSA, the demo­ The informer file, the first of its kind "We demand that the grand jury after the newspapers cited him as a cratic rights of every citizen of Denver ever made public, contains proof that bring indictments against both Red- suspect, they found his apartment are threatened." UFW convention endorses Democrats By Arnold Weissberg U.S. Senate, addressed a committee set organization-to get justice from the union endorsed. FRESNO, Calif.-The first political up to hear different candidates. growers. Froben Lozada, Socialist Workers endorsing convention of the United Musa stressed the need for the labor He said that they also needed their candidate for U.S. Congress in the Farm Workers, held here September 5, movement-and the UFW in own political organization. The social­ Ninth District, also spoke to an endor­ gave the union's official backing to particular-to break with the Demo­ ist candidate explained that support to sement caucus. Jimmy Carter and incumbent U.S. crats and Republicans and run its own either capitalist party was a dead end. Lozada described the two-party sys­ Sen. John Tunney. The convention candidates. Musa also said that his party would tem as "two fires the ruling class uses also endorsed candidates for local Musa pointed out that the farm stand by the UFW in its struggle for to burn us. Whatever candidate they offices around California. workers needed a union-an economic justice no matter which candidates the run, he feeds the fires." The aim of the gathering, according to the UFW leadership, was to secure elected representatives who would protect the interests of the union. Although much of the discussion at Vote yes on Prop. 14! the convention concerned Proposition 14, the UFW-sponsored farm labor initiative, at times the meeting had the character of a Democratic party rally. Officials of the UFW and other unions joined with invited politicians in extolling the· virtues of Jimmy Carter. They asserted that a Democrat­ ic administration would protect farm workers and all working people. UFW Vice-president Philip Vera Cruz told the gathering that "we have the power to be felt by the politicians." He said that political power would be used for social change that would benefit all people. Unfortunately, the union's political muscle is being exercised in the wrong place. Despite the speeches about getting representation in Sacramento and in Washington, support to the Democratic party will leave the UFW unrepresented in the political arena. Neither Democrats nor Republicans can be trusted to defend the interests of UFW convention set drive to win approval of farm labor initiative on November ballot MilitanVArnold Weissberg farm workers or any other workers. ·····~ In California it was the Democratic By Arnold Weissberg party, led by Gov. Edmund Brown, Marshall Ganz, UFW National work on the campaign. He said that FRESNO, Calif.-"Si con catorce! Executive Board member and direc­ that permitted the Agricultural Labor there were 300 now, and by election Si con catorce! [Yes on 14!]." Two Relations Board to become defunct. It tor of the Proposition 14 drive, day the union would like to field thousand voices joined together, was the failure to fund the ALRB that reported to the convention that 1,000 full-timers. making very clear the determination made Proposition 14 necessary. 150,000 "Yes on 14" bumper stickers The convention also asked for of the United Farm Workers to win Jimmy Carter's waffling on Proposi­ had been distributed in only eight­ support for Proposition 14 from their fight for the right to vote in the tion 14 is a good example of why een days. Ganz added that dona­ labor and religious groups, political fields. neither capitalist party can be trusted. tions for the stickers now total leaders, and students. The occasion was the first UFW $28,000. In an interview with the Los Angeles A measure of the union's support political endorsing convention, held The growers, Ganz noted, planned Times in August, Carter said he had among California voters can be seen here September 5. Although the to raise $2 million to defeat Proposi­ "n~ objection" to Proposition 14. When in recent endorsers, which include convention was called for the pur­ challenged by growers, Carter backed tion 14. "But," he emphasized, "we Gov. Edmund Brown, the mayors of pose of endorsing candidates, much have th111 people." off, stating that he had no position at Los Angeles, San Francisco, and of the discussion centered on the all. Sacramento, and U.S. Senators Alan campaign to pass the UFW­ 1'he UFW campaign will focus on But speaking to the UFW convention Cranston and John Tunney. Clearly sponsored farm labor initiative, reaching individual voters through by telephone from Georgia, Carter they see it as a political asset to Proposition 14. leafleting, canvassing, and commun­ said, "I support. the objectives of associate themselves with the farm More than 1,000 delegates from ity meetings. Proposition 14." (Emphasis added.) workers' fight for justice. 223 ranches unanimously adopted The Democratic candidates's vague Ganz cautioned against overop­ an action program for the statewide words left many in the audience timism. "It won't be easy to pass The estimate by Ganz of the campaign to pass Proposition 14. An wondering just what he meant. A few Prop. 14," he said. While the boycott prospect for passage of Proposition additional 1,000 observers also at­ minutes later, UFW President Cesar of grapes and lettuce needs only 10 14 is a realistic one. Certainly there tended. Chavez told the gathering: "Carter or 15 percent public participation to is strong sen~iment for its passage, says he definitely supports Prop. 14." The enthusiastic response to every be effective, Proposition 14 needs 51 but the opposition forces are wealthy mention of the initiative gave a Chavez said at that point that the percent of the votes-perhaps as and unscrupulous. Proposition 14 union would support Carter. vivid measure of the willingness of many as 5 million votes. can win but it will take an all-out the campesinos to fight for their At the convention, prior to the Ganz said that the union needed effort by every partisan of the uniOn. endorsement of Tunney, Omari Musa, at least 500 full-time volunteers to United Farm Workers. Socialist Workers party candidate for

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 24, 1976 7 Historic victorY. SWP slate wins spot on California ballot By Harry Ring sion of the petitioning deadline. LOS ANGELES-The Socialist Certification of the SWP represents a Workers party has won a place on the historic victory for the socialist move­ California ballot. ment. Because of restrictive election Officials reported September 10 that laws there has not been a socialist on they had certified 108,937 petition the California ballot in many years. signatures for Peter Camejo and Willie This will be the first time ever for the Mae Reid and an additional 105,407 for SWP. Omari Musa, the party's senatorial Party members and supporters ac­ candidate. A minimum of 99,284 signa­ complished a prodigious task in gath­ tures of registered voters are required. ering some 300,000 signatures for The SWP filed 152,280 for Camejo and Camejo-Reid and Musa in a relatively Reid and 148,503 for Musa. brief time. And it was done despite a The Communist party slate of Gus rigged law and the machinations of Hall and Jarvis Tyner was denied a election officials determined to perpetu­ ate the present restricted ballot. The socialists drew many signatures BULLETIN, San Francisco, Sept. from among the growing numbers 14-A superior court judge today becoming disillusioned with the major ordered the Communist party presi­ parties and their incapacity to solve dential ticket placed on the Califor­ problems confronting working people. ' . nia ballot. He made this decision The SWP will now mount an all-out Omari Musa speaking after registrars from Los Angeles drive· to reach that body of voters with County and others reportedly con­ the socialist program. The final stage of the campaign was ceded that they had not made a full designation on the state ballot. Howev­ The telegram said that the SWP had kicked off with the arrival here Sep­ and accurate count in disqualifying er, election officials ruled that senator­ wired the secretary of state demanding tember 19 of Willie Mae Reid for a ial nominees can list their occupation the Hall- Tyner ticket. that Hall and Tyner be qualified for week or' intensive stumping throughout on the ballot. the ballot. the state. Musa will be on the ballot with the ballot place even though it also filed At the same time Omari Musa occupational designation, "Socialist well over the number required. embarked on a final campaign swing Workers spokesperson." The presidential nominee of the that will take him to all major areas of The Communist party's Hall-Tyner NY petitions right-wing Libertarian party was qual­ the state before election day. campaign committee has filed suit in NEW YORK, Sept. 14-The New ified for the ballot. Supporters of the Along with ballot certification, Musa San Francisco Superior Court chal­ York Socialist Workers party said independent bid of Eugene McCarthy won something more. Despite the huge lenging the rejection of their petitions. today that a challenge has been failed to submit the minimum signa­ number of signatures required, inde­ The party filed a total of 149,741 filed against the nominating peti­ tures needed. A superior court judge pendent presidential nominees are nominating signatures on behalf of its tions for its presidential ticket of rejected their application for an exten- denied the right to list the party presidential slate. Election officials Peter Camejo and Willie Mae Reid asserted that of these only 87,825 were and for SWP senatorial candidate valid. Marcia Gallo. The SWP had filed That would mean that only 58.7 well over the required number of RUP candidates chall~nged percent of the names submitted were valid signatures. By Arnold Weissberg Republicans to qualify for the bal­ valid. This contrasts, for example, with SWP New York congressional LOS ANGELES-Three of four lot. a validity rate of 71.5 percent for candidates Catarino Garza, Pat Raza Unida party candidates in Mendoza's supporters turned in Camejo and Reid and 67.5 for the Wright, and Keith •Jones were not the Los Angeles area have been over 8,600 signatures, a tremend­ Libertarian candidate. challenged; nor was the SWP state ruled off the ballot by the county ous achievement, but the county When the SWP submitted signatures assembly candidate, Ruthann registrar of voters. credited only 5,800. initially, election officials also reported Miller. The RUP, which has unfairly The story was the same with the a validity rate of less than 60 percent. It was noted that the New York been denied ballot status as a other two disqualified candidates. But the party canvassers checked Communist party was also chal­ party, was forced to qualify its Despite the difficult, time­ through the rejected names and found lenged, while no challenge was candidates by petitioning. The consuming work done by RUP a substantial number of valid ones. filed against the right-wing Nation­ signature requirements are stiff­ activists and supporters, only Jose Officials were then compelled to revise al Caucus of Labor Committees. one candidate for Congress, Abel Gonzalez, candidate for state as­ their figures upward. Marcia Gallo said that the New Mendoza, needed to gather over sembly in Norwalk, will be permit­ York SWP is launching a drive to 6,500 valid signatures in a single ted on the ballot. Clearly there were similar "errors'' urge defenders of civil liberties to district. Andres Torres, RUP state chair­ in the processing of the Hall-Tyner join in protesting this undemocrat­ person and candidate in the Thirty­ petitions. ic move. Telegrams should be sent The undemocratic requirements ninth Assembly District, was cred­ The SWP has declared its full sup­ to the state board of elections, 194 are made even worse by a tangle of ited with only 3,200 signatures port to this challenge. Washington Avenue, Albany, New laws that restrict who can petition after submitting 5,000. Peter Camejo and Willie Mae Reid York 12225. Please send copies to, and where the petitioning can be At press time the RUP was sent a telegram to the Communist and for further information con­ done. These laws are designed to weighing a course of action to party declaring, "We stand ready to tact, the SWP campaign headquar­ make it as difficult as possible for protest its undemocratic exclusion support any legal challenge by your ters, 853 Broadway, Room 412, any candidate but Democrats and from the ballot. candidate to this outrageous violation New York, New York 10003. of your democratic rights." Socialists set $20,000 election fund drive By Andrea Morell, director candidate Peter Camejo will be visiting platform, the ''Bill of Rights for Work­ Fund needs your help. Its progress will 1976 campaign committee more than forty cities in the final ing People,'' have been distributed in he reported weekly in the Militant. In a recent issue of Afro-American, weeks before the November vote. the campaign c;o far. Hundreds of Please fill out the coupon below and the Urban League's Vernon Jordan Their tours take place as the polls thousands more will be distributed in Hend it with your contribution to the scored the Democratic and Republican show more and more people fed up the next weeks. fund. Make · checks payable to the candidates for their ignorance on the with capitalist politics and unwilling • Exposing the real policies of SocialiHt Workers 197(:) National Cam­ living conditions of Blacks in cities: to vo.te either Republican or Democrat­ capitalist parties. A key piece of paign Committee and mail them to 14 "It would be instructive," said Jor­ ic. These are people-and estimates socialist campaign literature is the Charles Lane, New York, New York dan, "for the candidates to walk run to over 50 percent of American "Carter Fact Sheet," detailing Carter's 1001-i. through some big city slums and talk voters-who will be interested in hear­ racist and antilabor record in Georgia. to the people there, see how they have ing socialist ideas. Many ingredients go into making ------·0 Enclosed iH my contribution of $_ to cope with poverty and brutalizing The Camejo-Reid tours highlight: this campaign possible-and a crucial living conditions and observe at first • Challenging the proposed Ford­ one of these is adequate money. hand how the blight of housing aban­ Carter debates. The socialist candi­ ,Just f1ying Camejo and Reid to the Name ___ _ donment has made some parts of dates are in court to force the League cities on their tours takes thousands of major cities resemble the bombed-out of Women Voters, the TV networks, dollars. Stn·et _____ --·-----~ shells of a war-ravaged nation." and the Federal Communications Com­ City Socialist Workers party vice­ mission to open up the debates. They In ordt>r to do it. to distribut.P as ~tat<•. ______.Zip presidential candidate Willie Mae Reid want to break the Democratic and much socialist literature as possible, did just that as her fall campaign Republican monopoly on television and to support the many other projects Occupation -~------·~~---·---~­ opened in Philadelphia September 11. coverage. of the SWP campaign, we are launch­ The photo on the facing Militant • Suing the government to end FBI, ing the Camejo and Reid Campaign Husirwss address _----~~---~-- page shows Reid touring northwest CIA, and other surveillance and ha­ Fund. Philadelphia. rasHment of radical organizationc;. From now until November 1:) we .\ ('OJ!\' o! tHir n:port is on file with and available for pur<·ll:t"' from thP FP

8 Reid blasts tw~rty mono~y SWP files challenge to Ford-Carter debate By Matilde Zimmermann PHILADELPHIA-"We're not ac­ cepting any 'gentleman's agreement' to restrict what the American people can hear to Democrats and Republi­ cans," Socialist Workers party vice­ presidential candidate Willie Mae Reid declared. Reid opened her fall campaign tour in Philadelphia September 11. The city is scheduled for the first of the "Great Debates." Last week Reid and SWP presiden­ tial candidate Peter Camejo filed a request with the three major networks for equal time in the debates. When this was rejected, attorneys for the SWP asked the Federal Communica­ tions Commission, September 10, for an "expedited ruling" ordering that equal time be provided for Camejo and Reid. Attorneys Leonard Boudin and Eric Lieberman are preparing to file suit in New York if the FCC does not rule favorably. Thomas Anderson, presidential can­ didate of the American party, and Eugene McCarthy, independent candi­ date for president, have also filed lawsuits for inclusion in the debates. In Philadelphia, Reid also publicized a demonstration that has been called by SWP supporters for September 23 to protest the exclusionary debates. A Militant/Matilde Zimmermam picket line will go up in front of the Walnut Street Theater where they will Willie Mae Reid in Northwest Philadelphia. Reid made a fact-finding tour of the neighborhood: Accompanying her was be televised. Reid urged other candi­ Emmanuel Freeman, director of the Northwest Task Force on Abandoned Housing. Freeman told Reid 15 percent of all dates who are also being excluded, and housing in Philadelphia is abandoned; closer to 80 percent in the area they examined. their supporters, to join the picket. Reid's message was carried in the city's two major newspapers, the evening Bulletin, September 11, and Republican contenders. An authorita­ arrangements displayed "a severe case "They should ask, who would the the morning Inquirer the next day. tive recent poll by Hart Research of political insecurity by two aging debate between these two men repres­ "The Democrats and Republicans Associates indicates that some 70 giants." ent? are the real minority candidates in this million qualified voters will deliberate­ Such views have apparently forced "Not women, who make up 53 race," Reid charged. ly stay away from the polls on No­ the League of Women Voters to consid­ percent of the population. vember 2, roughly two-thirds of them er setting up a fifth debate especially "Not Blacks. We're 30 million strong. In a campaign appearance at Phila­ because •~""candidates say one thing and for "minority candidates," according delphia's Temple University, she said, do another" or because "it doesn't to a report in the September 12 New "Not working people. Carter tries to "Carter and Ford got less than 8 make any difference who is elected." York Times. The Times itself editorial­ pretend he's a worker, walking through percent of the voting population to vote Objection to the closed debate was ly called upon the league and the the peanut fields. But the only job he for them in the primaries. They can't recently raised on the floor of the U.S. networks to provide "a separate pro­ ever had was squeezing another dollar claim any 'right' to monopolize the Senate by Sen. Lowell Weicker (R­ gram, apart from the debates, to air out of the Blacks who do the work in airwaves on the basis of popularity." Conn.). Weicker charged that the the views of those independent candi­ those Georgia fields. The Democrats and Republicans "major parties are about to put one dates who have achieved a place on "By locking out all other points of "are using their control of government, over on the voters." the ballot." view, the league, the networks, and the including the Federal Communications "I find it a sad commentary on the government want to convince us that Commission, to keep other views from state of our political system," Weicker In the meantime, the league has the Democrats and Republicans can being heard," Reid said. said, "that independent candidates for announced that it will seek more than solve our problems. Well," Reid said, The response Reid received in Phila­ president are not afforded the same $150,000 in public contributions to pay "we won't buy that, and there is a delphia underlined that there is grow­ opportunity to p~~sent their views to for the Ford-Carter debates. growing army of nonvoters in this ing sentiment against a closed discus­ the nation as are President Ford and "The league is supposed to be non­ country who don't seem to buy it sion between the Democratic and Mr. Carter." Weicker said the debate partisan," Reid said in Philadelphia. either."

Must raise $1.6 million bond NAACP wages life-or-death fight in Miss. By Greg Nelson racist business practices. The Port peal law. That case centered on Missis- giant step backwards. It is a direct JACKSON, Miss.-The National Gibson businessmen depended on sippi Highway Patrol Officer R.E. attack on our First Amendment right Association for the Advancement of Black customers but did not hire a Moody, who stopped a Black man on to peaceful protest." Colored People is involved in a life-or- single Black person. the highway for speeding and savage- In a Jackson press conference na- death struggle. The civil rights group Such boycotts are normally legal. ly beat him. tiona! NAACP chief counsel Nathaniel must raise more than $1.6 million by However, in this case the judge ruled The Jackson NAACP called for Jones stated, "It would ruin the October 3. that it was an illegal secondary boy- Moody's dismissal. Moody filed suit for NAACP and threaten trade unions This crisis is the result of a racist cott since he decided it was carried out $1 million in slander and libel dam- and other organizations which regard conspiracy. in reaction to local police brutality ages and was awarded $210,000 by the protest as a means of presenting views Back in 1968 Mississippi passed a rather than the racist practices of the court. The Jackson NAACP was forced and effecting change. If the strategy law aimed at circumventing federal businessmen. to raise $265,000 to post bond on an which resulted in the judgment sue- rulings on local issues. As a condition appeal to the state supreme court, ceeds, then we're all in trouble. It will for appealing a local judgment in a On August 19 Hinds County Judge where the case now rests. spread across the land." civil suit to a higher court, the law George Haynes ordered the NAACP to The attorney for the Port Gibson requires a defendant to post within pay $1.25 million in damages to the merchants is moving to collect the Nationally, a massive emergency forty-five days a bond equal to one- businesses. settlement. fund drive is under way to save the and-one-quarter times the fine levied Such rulings are not uncommon in NAACP. The NAACP can be reached by the original decision. Mississippi. They are usually appealed The Militant asked NAACP Execu- at 1790 Broadway, New York, New Immediately after the law was to a higher court where publicity can tive Field Director Emmett Burns what York 10019. Or, at 1072 W. Lynch passed, a group of white businessmen arouse a public outcry and force a more the impact would be on his office. "It Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39203. in Port Gibson filed civil suit against equitable decision. But the 1968 law is would cease to exist," he replied. "They Meanwhile, in response to the harsh the NAACP for $:3.5 million in dam- designed to make it almost impossible would take this desk and this shirt and court ruling, Blacks have begun a new ages, for losses they said were the to get a new hearing. tie and my '71 Buick along with it. boycott of several white businesses in result of a boycott of their businesses. ,Judge Haynes's decision came on the "It would reduce the civil rights Port Gibson. A white liquor store This boycott, like dozens of others in heels of an earlier decision involving movement in this country to individual owner said the boycott has "cut my the South, was c;alled in response to the NAACP and. the Mississippi ap- and disjointed actions. It would be a business in half."

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 24, 1976 9 In Our .Opinion Letters

AFT report feel your staff should give coverage to the trials and tribulations of Sister Daniel Schorr I wish to correct some points in Jeff Assata Shakur (slave name: Joanne Mackler's excellent report on the recent Chesimard). I'm quite certain that Never before has the House of Representatives Ethics American Federation of Teachers revolutionaries, socialists, and Third Committee been so eager. Last year at least fifteen congress­ convention (Militant, September 10). World peoples would like to lend their men faced charges of wrongdoing. Four went to jail. But the Mackler reported that in speaking Ethics Committee did nothing. support to this courageous sister, but before the convention I stated that the are unable to do so due to lack of It is different for television journalist Daniel Schorr. The Boston Teachers Union "had formally information, media coverage, etc. Ethics Committee has suddenly assumed the role of a relentless opposed the second year of court­ [Shakur, allegedly a leader of the ordered desegregation in Boston." This bloodhound. It has spent $150,000 on a six-month investigation Black Liberation Army, will go on trial is not exactly correct. What the BTU that has proved nothing. for murder September 27.] did was to oppose it taking place What is Schorr's crime? Simply opening up the truth about I recently read where Shakur had during the second year, i.e. the BTU already been through three major the CIA for the American people. Schorr blew the cover off the called for a one-year delay. This congressional report on the CIA when he passed it on to the trials, which were barely reported by position coincided with that of the the National Black Network News, Village Voice last February. school committee and the antibusing and it saddened me when I saw how When cross-examined by the Ethics Committee September 15, forces. little support she was getting. The Schorr refused to say who had given him the report. Schorr Second, Mackler reported that the inmates at Attica State Prison . appealed to the First Amendment, which guarantees freedom of Massachusetts State AFL-CIO, after collected $242 in support of Joanne passing an antibusing resolution last Little. I strongly urge all readers of the press. The Ethics Committee has threatened Schorr nine fall, "joined with racist forces to times with the possibility of arrest or fines if he keeps silent. this letter to do the same for Sister organize antibusing demonstrations." Shakur. If she were massively Prominent journalists have now spoken out in Schorr's Unlike Louisville, where Union Labor defense. And labor leadersLeonard Woodcock of the United Auto supported like Angela Davis and Against Busing led the antibusing Joanne Little, I'm quite certain it Workers and Jerry Wurf of the American Federation of State, movement, in Boston no labor would help considerably. Please send County and Municipal Employees are backing him. organization played a formal role or donations to National Coalition to Daniel Schorr deserves the full support of an· who value the formed a special labor group for that Defend Assata Shakur, P.O. Box 1352, right of people to know' what the government is doing. purpose. New York, New York 10027. However, many local unions, like the A prisoner Teamsters and the Firefighters, took New York strong antibusing positions, and the ranks of the white working class have been significantly present in the racist, California victory antibusing movement from the For the first time in decades the residents of the most beginning. Thanks for in-depth news populous state in the union can vote for a working-class These technical points only set the I second the motion of letter-writer alternative to the Democratic and Republican parties. The record straight; they do not change for Jane Finley (Militant, August 27) for victory of the Socialist Workers party in winning a place on the one instant the fact that the entire more major articles by women and, California ballot is an important step forward for working Boston labor movement, save the most further, would like to see more writing people. The same is true of the new court ruling ordering the minor exception, has completely failed as readable as Frank Lovell's. Even Communist party put on the ballot. in its real responsibilities. Those are guest columnists in his space hold my first, as George Meany correctly stated California's extraordinary petitioning requirements, legal interest! in his letter to Kentucky labor officials, Many thanks for all the in-depth hurdles, and delaying tactics are now better known. What is "to seek workable schedules, to less known is that independent parties and candidates face news of the International minimize friction and to make the Typographical Union; wonder why we similar hurdles in every other state. More than a third of the busing system work as it w~ don't see this in our union's beautifully states have regulations that make it virtually impossible for intended." And second, to join and produced publications? Printers in my parties other than the Democrats and Rspublicans to get on the lead the battle to prevent antibusing shop find out what happening from ballot. - racists from brutalizing Black Militant clips on our bulletin board; students. These barriers have been erected by the two ruling parties. the news is generally bad, but Robert Pearlman understanding the direction we should Today they are able to claim the allegiance of fewer and fewer Boston, Massachusetts people. In the upcoming "great debates," these two parties are move in might be our only hope. Anita Reinthaler again conspiring-in collusion with the major networks and the San Francisco, California League of Women Voters-to keep alternative political views from being heard. Exceptional These debates should be open to all parties and independent Please send me the next ten issues of your publication the Militant. Enclosed candidates. is a check for one dollar. Boston busing costs And at the polls voters should be able to pick the party that I just completed reading my first best expresses their views. Readers of the Militant are likely to Socialist Workers party newspaper and draw a mistaken conclusion from The struggle to obtain these elementary democratic rights find it to be exceptional. unclarified information contained in A prisoner remains a crucial part of the struggle for social betterment in an article I wrote for the September 17 this country. Pennsylvania issue on the situation in Boston. The article attributed a possible $70 (per $1,000) increase in property taxes Utah ERA picket to the "rise in the 1976-77 school department budget." Onto20,000 I wanted to add something to your This is not accurate. The coming tax round-up of activities on "Women's Layoffs. High prices. Racism. Skyrocketing war budgets. increase has been demagogically Equality Day," August 26. Twenty-five Attacks on abortion rights. Pollution. U.S. support to right-wing identified with the "cost of supporters of the Equal Rights desegregation" by antibusing Mayor tyrants abroad. Amendment from throughout northern What do the newspapers we read day in and day out have to Kevin White, who for some time has Utah gathered in Ogden, Utah, August conducted a campaign to blame say about all these problems? What are their solutions? 26 for a "Picket Parade for the ERA." "busing" for the city's financial crisis. This fall their wealthy publishers are choosing up sides: The action was called by the Ogden In reality, the real source of the some behind Ford, others behind Carter. These big-business National Organization for Women. It money crunch is the toll exacted by is the only NOW chapter in Utah. politicians have less and less appeal, however, as low voter Boston's landlords, bankers, and big The enthusiastic picketers chanted, businesses, who have been bleeding turnouts are already proving. · "Equal rights, equal pay, ratify the Yet theirs are the "answers" played up by the Cleveland ERA"; "Not the church, not the state, the city dry, along with the results of Plain Dealer, New York Times, Atlanta Constitution, San women will decide their fate"; and "200 hundreds of millions of working people's tax dollars that go to pay for Francisco Examiner, and all the rest. years is long enough, equal rights the Pentagon's war machine. More and more working people today are searching for new now!" The demonstrators circled in Even when narrowly considering the answers and for solutions that work. They need a newspaper front of the city-county building during "cost" of desegregation, little mention that speaks to the issues facing steelworkers, teachers, women, the lunch hour. The picket line received is given to the tab for police and oppressed minorities, and youth. prominent local television coverage on security required to stand in the way of the Salt Lake City CBS and NBC antibusing mobs. The Militant is just that kind of paper. It offers a fresh affiliates. A central feature of the inflated slant-a socialist slant-on the important national and world Dayne Goodwin events that affect our lives. budget of the school department is the Salt Lake City, Utah enormity of its patronage-ridden But judge for yourself. The Militant has launched a drive for bureaucracy. Boston, for example, has 20 000 new subscribers this fall. For only one dollar, you can ' roughly the same population as San receive ten issues of the weekly Militant. Assata Shakur Francisco and Denver. Yet, its 1,340- Give us ·a try. Mail in the coupon on page 2 today. As a political activist I've been member administrative staff is larger reading movement papers for quite by nearly 1,000 than each of those. some time, and at this particular time I cities.

10 National Picket· tine Frank Lovell The Boston Teachers Union has noted that only approximately twenty dollars of the proposed seventy-dollar A lesson in sectarianism tax increase, in fact, has anything to [The following guest column was written by national AFSCME leadership. do with the school system's cost. Howard Reed, an active member of the Ameri­ The PLP had earlier demonstrated their factional Rarely mentioned is the fact that can Federation of State, County and Municipal attitude toward the union during collective bargaining any tax increase will fall most heavily Employees in Chicago.] elections in which AFSCME won statewide bargain­ on the city's Black and Puerto Rican ing rights for 30,000 clerical and professional em­ homeowners and tenants (who face CHICAGO-Recent experiences in the American ployees. In the election among clerical employees, the rent increases, regardless of their Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees PLP actively campaigned for the union's defeat. They "ownership of property"). They and here have spotlighted the destructive role of ultraleft feared that AFSCME's growth in Illinois would their children have paid the highest sectarians in the union. diminish PLP influence. price imaginable for the segregated After a disastrous month-long strike, AFSCME Now the PLP sought to use "their" strike to school system imposed on them for Local 1006 has been placed in trusteeship by the sabotage statewide collective bargaining. Blunting the decades by the city government. AFSCME international officers. The local officers focus on layoffs, the Local 1006 leaders raised a It will take a consistent educational were removed, all local records impounded, and an number of new strike demands on questions currently campaign to bring these truths out­ administrator appointed by AFSCME President Jerry under negotiation by AFSCME statewide. And al­ and to stave off any school department Wurf. though Local 1006 was expected to elect representa­ budget cuts directed at desegregation, which is the real thrust of the mayor's Local 1006's members work in the Illinois Depart­ tives to the statewide negotiating committee, it never financial saber rattling. ment of Labor. There are continuous funding and did so. Jon Hillson layoff threats in this department. A haven for high­ Predictably, the strike was a fiasco. Less than one­ Boston, Massachusetts paid patronage appointees, it is notorious for ineffi­ fourth of the agency employees were out at the high ciency in paying claims. point. The proportion on strike rapidly dwindled to 5 Last June the state announced plans to lay off 123 percent, while the number of fired strikers climbed to Renee Richards workers. This threat called for prompt union action. 297. Offers to return to work with jobs intact were rejected by the strikers. Us hackers out here are interested in An effective response would have started with negotia­ what Militant writers and readers tions seeking to rescind the layoffs. Meanwhile, the By this time, however, it was necessary to acknowl­ think about the Renee Richards case. local-which has organized less than one-third of the edge that the strike had been defeated. Returning to Richards is a former nationally department-could work to win broader support. If work as a body was the only alternative that could ranked male tennis player who negotiations failed, the union would then be better hope to preserve unionism in the agency. underwent a sex-change operation. She prepared for whatever action was necessary. After trusteeship was imposed, administrator Kim entered one top women's tournament­ The local leadership, however, shunned this ap­ Pittman was able to restore the jobs of 264 of the 297 the South Orange Open-but gained proach and planned an immediate strike. The key fired strikers. The other 33, including some of the best the enmity of the Women's Tennis leaders of the local are supporters of the Progressive union activists, now face civil service hearings. Association, a players association to Labor party, an ultraleft, ex-Maoist sect. The strike AFSCME is aiding their defense. which many of the top women pros vote was organized so that a simple majority in Cook The role of the PLP in this strike has damaged the belong. The WT A argues that County (Chicago) could authorize a walkout, even union, discredited union militancy in general, and Richards, six foot two, is still a man though the local has statewide jurisdiction. This made it easier for management to red-bait union athletically and possesses an violated the democratic right of the majority of the activists. The Local 1006 leaders ought to be advantage that women do not. local to determine whether to strike. removed-not because they are radicals and oppose Richards and her supporters claim The PLP leaders sought to present themselves as the international AFSCME leadership-but because of that she is legally a woman and, if she supermilitant fighters and thus recruit to the PLP, their undemocratic, irresponsible, and adventuristic displays the ability, should be entitled regardless of the needs of the union ranks in the actual conduct. Being radicals and militants does not entitle to play in women's events. situation. The PLP put the narrow factional interests anyone to sabotage the interests of the union ranks. K.N. of their group above the need to defend the workers' What is needed now in Local 1006 is a thorough Chicago, Illinois jobs and preserve unionism at the Department of discussion of the lessons of this disastrous strike, Labor. If the strike ended in defeat, the PLP evidently preparing the way for a democratic election of new figured, they could always blame it on the inter- officers by the local membership. Attacks on Carter: low road Let me say first that having subscribed to the Militant for four years, I do not question its overall ita Raza en Acci6n! integrity or veracity, or that of the Socialist Workers party. But I do have a bone to pick with you. I am both perturbed and Miguel Pendas disillusioned with the intellectual quality of the presidential campaign of Peter Camejo and Willie Mae Reid. 'Illegal' garment workers -~j;B Unlike the 1972 Jenness-Pulley Widespread illegal exploitation of garment workers International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union an­ campaign, in 1976 the SWP national by factory bosses has been uncovered in California. nounced that they would undertake to organize committee doesn't seem to think it can State Labor Commission officials filed criJllinal undocumented workers. But the drive has not gotten win enough votes for Camejo with a very far. The responsibility for this must be laid at the principled, objective program of charges against fifteen garment-industry companies. doorstep of the national bureaucrats of the ILGWU. socialist education. The charges primarily involved refusal to pay min­ Instead the SWP and the Militant imum wages, illegal manufacture of clothing in The central officials of this union, like most AFL-CIO are pursuing the low road of attacking private homes, and failure to keep proper records of bureaucrats, favor deporting "illegals" instead of Jimmy Carter's image of Christian employee pay. organizing them. sincerity. Inexplicably certain A representative of a coalition of garment-industry They argue "that undocumented workers, because of socialists don't feel they can win on employers was quick to assert that those who do not their pariah status in the United States, are impossible the basis of the issues. abide by the law are a minority in the industry. The to organize. They repeat the false, racist charge that I believe that Peter Camejo, like state labor commissioner replied, however, "We found Mexicans take away jobs from Americans, and they Carter, is a fine and respectable that illegal homework in the garment industry is a yell for the Border Patrol to deport them. gentleman. Camejo need not and widespread practice and it is rampant.· This is a cover-up for a cynical refusal to organize should not attack Carter or Ford on a A law went into effect January 1 that forbids the garment workers. The self-defeating nature of this level other than ideological. manufacture of clothing in private homes without a policy should be obvious. Joining in the racist attacks Finally, if the Socialist Workers license. Investigators found many apartments with against Mexicans will only deepen the insecurity of party can't see its way clear to wage a sewing machines in living rooms, bedrooms, and their position. They will continue to be used as a "clean" campaign, unlike 1972 I'll vote garages. The advantages of this setup for extra-greedy reserve pool of cheap labor to drive down wages and for Carter rather than a socialist. employers are obvious. They can buy the finished break strikes. The idea that the immigration service is What a loss! product by the piece. That way the bosses take no going to help a union organizing effort is laughable. Roger Smith responsibility for poor wages or working conditions. Past experience has shown that when these employ­ McAllen, Texas The chief victims are immigrant workers from er flunkies intervene in a strike, they deport the strike Mexico without visas. The labor commissioner esti­ supporters without papers, not the people who cross mated that of 73,800 persons employed by the 2,210 the picket lines. firms in the industry, nearly 65 percent are undocu­ The letters column is an open This is a self-defeating policy in any industry where mented workers. In fact, it was a series of complaints forum for all viewpoints on sub­ there are undocumented workers. But where the from undocumented workers that prompted the labor jects of general interest to our overwhelming majority are without papers, anything readers. Please keep your letters commission to undertake an investigation of the less than a full commitment to their defense is fatal. brief. Where necessary they will illegal practices. Capitalists can get away with this The only way the unions will be able to organize the be abridged. Please indicate if racist superexploitation because the garment unions garment industry in Los Angeles is to champion the your name may be used or if you here are weak. Only a small portion of garment cause of undocumented workers for full rights. Only prefer that your initials be used workers in Southern California are organized. when these workers see that the union is on their side instead. Some months ago, local Chicano officials of the can any organizing drive be succes~ful.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 24, 1976 11 The Great Society Harry Ring

Hold the sawdust-Responding to rant. They said the "kosher" pastrami industry pleas, the Department of wasn't kosher, the "imported" Swiss Agriculture proposes to redefine the cheese was domestic, the "Portuguese" word "meat" to include pure fat and a sardines weren't from Portugal, and mixture of crushed bone and meat the "chicken" salad was made with particles. Also fat would be rendered turkey. Mr. Penni sounds like a major­ for separate sale, with the connecting party aspirant for public office. tissues from the fat added to the newly defined "meat." The Health Research Obviously a security risk­ Group terms the proposal "turning According to author Irving Wallace, J. garbage into money." Edgar Hoover and his buddy Clyde Tolson dined for years-on the house­ Not cross-rated-British church at Harvey's restaurant in Washington. officials are mounting a campaign to When a new manager asked them to block a Danish producer's plans to pay, they never returned. make a film there about the sex life of Jesus. Cardinal Basil Hume assailed We've come a long way­ the project as "sensational, pornogra­ Legislation is being enacted in Califor­ phic and ... entirely speculative." nia that will require that students prove they can read, write, and do Details-Los Angeles officials took simple arithmetic before receiving a issue with the menu at Penni's restau- high school diploma. Women in Revolt Cindy Jaquith Carter & abortion [The following guest column is by Ann "I've never said I would actively oppose every fought so hard and so long for the right to legal and Wilcox, a women's liberation activist and possible constitutional amendment that was pro­ safe abortion, Carter is not the answer. Politicians organizer of the Socialist Workers party posed on the subject of abortion."' like Carter with their own interests at heart kept Southeast branch in Washington, D.C. The Post reporter pointed out that this contradicts abortion illegal for decades and forced women to go the plank in the Democratic platform that says, to backdoor butcher abortionists like Dr. Sherman Irony placed two articles on abortion on the front "We feel that it is undesirable to attempt to amend in the first place. page of the Washington Post on September 2. One the U.S. Constitution to overturn the Supreme Court Only a strong fight forced the legalization of was titled "D.C. Abortion Clinic Doctor Admits decision permitting abortion." abortion and began to put an end to those barbaric Negligence in Death." It quoted from affidavits of Carter now says he believes this plank is an conditions. Only a continued fight to defend this patients and nurses who attested to the filthy attempt to "deny people their right to amend the right against atttack can keep abortion legal and offices, carelessness, and high number of incom­ Constitution." prevent more butchered abortions and blood­ plete abortions performed by a Dr. Robert Sherman. His real concern, of course, is over losing some of poisoning deaths. The affidavits were part of a $3.5 million suit filed the anti-abortion vote if he is too closely linked to And only a women's movement, united and by the mother of a sixteen-year-old patient of Dr. his party's plank. Carter sees abortion as a factor in independent from politicians like Carter, can win Sherman who died of blood poisoning following an his being elected-not as a question of the funda­ free abortion on demand-free of financial burdens abortion. More than a dozen malpractice suits have mental right of women to control our own bodies and available to every woman, regardless of her age been filed against the doctor since 1967. This is the and our own lives. or marital status. first to come to trial. "As far as abortion is concerned, the view in the Peter Camejo's and Willie Mae Reid's campaign is The other article, "Carter: Abortion Amendment," Carter camp is that the less that is said about it the the only one that comes out foursquare in support of quotes the Democratic hopeful following a private better off the candidate will be," the Post article abortion as a woman's right to choose. The Socialist meeting with Catholic bishops in which Carter tried concluded. Workers party is not afraid of the abortion issue­ to placate them on the abortion issue. Carter said, For the thousands and thousands of women who quite the contrary. By Any Means Necessary Baxter Smith Taping, spying, and conniving For a while there was the click, humm of tape "For about two-and-a-half years everybody took The suit, which has been in the works for several recorders all the time. the Fifth Amendment, which is ironic when you years, has already prompted a California state "How do I go about joining the Black Student think about who these people are. Cops in our legislative inquiry. It is slated to go to trial by Union?" Click, humm. "The BSU should try to get country generally don't take the Fifth, although March. the college to offer Black studies courses." Click, recently they're starting to." Mundy said that snooping was found to be the humm. "Black students also have to be part of Mundy is the Los Angeles attorney handling a rule of thumb at community colleges, "Primarily struggles in the broader community." Click, humm. million-dollar suit by former members of the Los directed at the BSUs. But not just at Trade-Tech. It Once-secret FBI documents show that a major Angeles Trade-Technical College BSU against the was at Trade-Tech, it was at City [Los Angeles City program of the bureau during the late 1960s and Los Angeles Community College District and oth­ College], it was at Southwest, it was at Pierce. early 1970s involved extensive monitoring of Black ers. "My files alone are two full filing cabinets of four Student Unions. Information gathered through drawers each," he said, adding that he has "one full informers and illegal tape recordings of BSU file drawer just of evidence." meetings enabled the bureau to tailor counterintelli­ The suit charges illegal "electronic eavesdrop­ Most of the defendants have admitted the gence programs for Black student activists and ping, invasion of privacy and the recording of bugging, which is illegal under California law. But, BSUs to attempt to strait-jacket the Black liberation constitutionally protected speech." Yours truly is a Mundy says, they're taking the position that the movement. plaintiff. bugging was necessary because the college presi­ Campus officials sometimes monitored in cooper­ At the time in 1971, I was Socialist Workers party dent's life was threatened by a Black student. ation with the FBI or its goals. nominee for school board and the BSU was a Several BSU members were expelled or sus­ "All the defendants first denied having done campaign supporter whose meetings I sometimes pended, and the administration constantly ha­ anything. Then they turned around and tried to attended. rassed the BSU. justify what they did and then they turned around Local 1521 of the American Federation of "When you try to better yourself by getting a and took the _Fifth Amendment," Robert Mundy Teachers is another plaintiff. As it turns out, the college education you find out that they've literally was saying the other day in connection with a campus cops and administrators were bugging the screwed up your entire life," said Elizabeth Martin, major suit by Black former students against classes of a psychology professor, Howard Burns. one of the original plaintiffs. "Dossiers, files, campus spying. His union has entered the suit on his behalf. everything."

12 As schools OP-en Uneasy peace reigns in Boston Camejo hits Ford, Carter on busing By Jon Hillson BOSTON-Socialist Workers party presidential candidate Peter Camejo opened his fall campaign here with a sharp attack on Jimm:y Carter's and Gerald Ford's antibusing stands. In a strong defense of court-ordered busing September 10, Camejo told a rally of campaign supporters, "We must demand full steam ahead on desegregation." "We have no illusions that the peaceful opening of schools means the struggle is over," Camejo said. "Every Black student must be able to go to school in this city in safety, without fear." On September 11 Camejo addressed a rally of more than 200 supporters of the proposed state constitutional equal rights amendment for women. The referendum, "Question 1," will appear on the fall ballot in Massachusetts. egar is the enemy. "Go home, Jerome," warns. "They'll hit and run." By Jon Hillson Camejo's urging of a united effort of they shout. Still, there are small signs of resig­ BOSTON-For the past two years, all those who support the ERA was Soon everyone is inside the school. nation in the neighborhoods where since the beginning of court-ordered welcomed by the audience. A car drives by. It is packed with they organize. busing, the streets and schools of At a two-hour street rally in Harvard scowling young white men. Among In Charlestown, the elderly druggist Boston have been the arenas of racist Square earlier that day, a constant them is Paul Shallmo, the burly leader at the Cummins Pharmacy resents the violence directed at Black students crowd of more than 100 periodically of the South Boston High School nighttime violence of young hooligans. who have pioneered the desegregation interrrupted Camejo's attacks on Ford of Boston's rigidly segregated school "White Student Caucus." He has been "Maybe," I tell him, "it might be suspended, expelled, and arrested sev­ and Carter with cheers as he called for system. easier if the court order was just passage of the federal ERA, urged eral times for attacking Black stu­ accepted." This year, a tense calm prevailed as support of school desegregation, and dents. He runs the "Shallmo Gang" "That," he snaps, "isn't the easy buses rolled into the South Boston, blasted American foreign policy in inside the school. He leans out of the way. It's the only way. There's nothing Charlestown, and Hyde Park schools, Africa. car as it slows down. "See you on to do since the Supreme Court ruled which have been the centers of white Camejo's stand for a woman's right Friday," he jibes at the reporters. against us." resistance to desegregation. to abortion against the position of the On Friday, Robert Walker is sucker­ A young, white South Boston sixth­ This calm does not mean the absence Democrats and Republicans got the punched in the high school gymnasi­ grader is walking to school, taunted by of war. most support. um. His white assailant escapes. It friends for breaking the racist boycott. Camejo was joined on the speakers takes several stitches to close the gash "You're a jerk," a friend says. * * * platform at the September 10 city-wide above his eye. "Maybe," the student retorts, "but socialist rally by Carol Henderson September 8 marks the opening of when I'm twenty-one, I ain't still school in South Boston. * * * going to be in high school." Evans, the SWP candidate for U.S. Senate in Massachusetts. A smattering of Black students Mars' Delicatessen, a little box of a * * * disembark from the buses. store, backs up on Charlestown High Evans hit Edward Kennedy's "myth­ There are no boisterous antibusing School. On a red outside wall there is In Roxbury, in the office of the ical" support to desegregation. "There crowds, no teeming groups of media fresh graffiti. National Student Coalition Against · is not one word about busing in any of people straining for pictures. A hand­ "K.K.K." Racism, Hattie McCutcheon tells the his campaign literature or advertise­ ful of white students and South Boston The Black students amble off the National Black Radio Network her ments," she said. Kennedy "has not parents appear harmless. buses. There are no crowds. But a impressions of the opening of school. spoken out against the violence of the They spot Jerome Winegar, the new, group of about fifty white students She notes the pre-opening nighttime antibusing mobs. He will not cam­ thirty-eight-year-old headmaster ofthe looks menacing. They are boycotting violence in South Boston and Charles­ paign in Boston, in order to avoid the school. They resent him. He is a the first day of school. town. "We must be vigilant," the issue of busing. Today he is even member of the NAACP and the Ameri­ A police captain tells them to move. young Black woman says. "Anything backing off from an inadequate posi­ can Civil Liberties Union. The school He does not like the job. "Come on, can happen in Boston. Blacks are not tion calling for an 'alternative to remains under the control of Federal kids, let's just move away and not safe outside of Roxbury. The racists busing.'" District Judge W. Arthur Garrity, the have any trouble," he says. He has his have not given up." Also speaking at the rally was SWP man who ordered desegregation. Win- kid gloves on for the opening of school. . In Roxbury's Freedom House on congressional candidate James "Mac" A chant breaks out as they move September 9, Ruth Batson is thinking Warren. Warren is running against down the hill. "Pigs eat shit, pigs eat out loud at a meeting of the Coordinat­ Democrat Joseph Moakley in a gerry­ Bus driver shit," the students shout. ed Social Services Council, a coalition mandered district that includes South They group along Bunker Hill Street. of forty community agencies that Boston and Roxbury. Quiet reigns for several minutes. A monitors and supports desegregation. "Moakley," said Warren, "has oppo­ attacked "I don't like this idea that it's all nents in the Democratic primary who BOSTON-David Jackson is bottle is tossed. Then another, and quickly several more. The racists have peaceful and quiet, that everything's say he hasn't been antibusing enough. Black and drives a city bus. That going beautifully," she says. "As long And Moakley responds, 'I'm the leader was enough to get him almost been practicing: they hit two federal as we can't walk the streets in safety, of antibusing forces in Congress.' killed on the evening of September marshals with the missiles. They cheer. there is no peace in Boston. One That's who represents Roxbury. That's 7. A racist South Boston mob of 'incident' is too many." why I'm running against him, and the more than 100 repeatedly assaulted The police move in, dispersing them, Democratic party he is a leader of." him and his bus, smashing out all and the young racists bunch inside the * * * Camejo was interviewed by the the windows during a three-hour courtyards of the projects that border There is much confusion in the the street. · opening days of school. Black students Boston Herald-American, the Chris­ stoning rampage in the Andrew tian Science Monitor, and several radio Square area of the all-white neigh­ Moments later, a hail of bricks and are not picked up by buses. Classroom stations. borhood. bottles flies at the cops and· reporters assignments are fouled up. There are He spoke to seventy supporters at a As police aided Jackson's escape, as we scurry amid the falling debris. A debates between racists and school meeting in Providence, Rhode Island, the horde of white hooligans at­ school bus roars by. Inside, Black department officials over attendance. tacked officers who had arrested children, seven or eight years old, their The truth of the matter is that sponsored by the Rhode Island Social­ one of the rock throwers, freeing eyes filled with fear, look out the enrollment cannot be judged because ist Workers Campaign Committee. The meeting was reported in the Provi­ him. windows. of the staggering of opening days for The riot, which took place on the different classes in high schools, along dence Journal, the Brown Daily He­ eve of the opening of school, was * * * with special openings of newer schools. rald, and on a local television station. precipitated by a 100-car motorcade The central "activist" spokesperson Still, it appears that attendance is high Camejo's entire tour was covered by a organized by ROAR to protest the for the racists is James Kelly, South for both Black and white students. film crew from the Dutch national "brutality" of subway police in Boston's brass-knuckled bigot. As long These first three days have been like television network, which is preparing South Boston. Upwards of 400 as there is busing, he says, "there will walking on eggshells. In the Black a special feature on the socialist cam­ racists fought police and stoned be violence. There is more racial hatred community there has been a cautious paign. buses and ·motorists until mid­ than two years ago." Targets of mood. What will happen next? night. violence, he says, will be random. The answer to that question remains -J.H. "People will pick and choose," he unresolved. ·

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 24, 1976 13 Detente and the death of Mao TsetUn ByLes Evans social gains of the Chinese revolution, [The following is from the News were quite willing to overlook Mao's Analysis section of Intercontinen­ autocratic rule over the Chinese tal Press.] masses and paint him up as a demo­ crat of some kind. Daniel Southerland, The death of Mao Tsetung, though writing in the September 10 Christian not unexpected, has stirred consterna­ Science Monitor under the headline tion in high places across the globe. In 'Mao gave China self-respect," had Peking, of course, he was the symbolic this to say: embodiment of his party's monolithic "Much more than Lenin had been, power. He permitted no figures of Mao was prepared to involve the remotely equal stature to exist within ordinary people in the political process his apparatus. This can only have and bring them into action against the bequeathed a certain uneasiness to his administrators and organization men bureaucratic successors who will now in order to check abuses of authority." try to fill his oversized shoes. It should not really be surprising Beyond China's borders, Mao was that the pundits of the bourgeoisie the architect of China's role in the should see something familiar and major realignment in world politics comfortable in Mao's "realistic" for­ over the last half decade that goes by eign policy and manipulated, top-down the name of detente. This shift from "democracy." Nor that they instinc­ verbal denunciation of Western impe­ tively feel that Lenin's proletarian rialism to alliance with it against the democracy and revolutionary interna­ Soviet Union earned Mao the un­ tionalism are something different, feigned gratitude of imperialist foreign something that they can never make offices and state departments from their peace with. Tokyo to Washington and from Bonn Bureaucratic caste Mao greets ng, to London. At the same time it shocked Washington buy time in Vietnam. and disoriented thousands or even Mao's collaboration with the capital­ millions in the capitalist world who ist powers of the world serves to define had looked to Peking for aid in' their his place in history and to dispel his Desh for striking out for their freedom. generation of revolutionists and poten­ struggles for national liberation and claims to represent a revolutionary or "Peking followed precisely the same tial political opponents on frame-up socialism. proletarian current. It was not an course in the case of the rebellion in charges of plotting to make a deal with Mao liked to see himself portrayed as accidental turn but flowed from the Ceylon. Chou himself went to the most German imperialism, only to end up an intransigent communist revolution­ petty-bourgeois social character of the brazen lengths to associate Peking making a pact with Hitler himself. ary and champion of the toilers. In the bureaucratic caste in China that Mao with the Bandaranaike regime and cold war propaganda of the 1950s and represented, and was the goal of against the rebels. He put money on early 1960s, Washington seemed to Chinese CP foreign policy from the the line in the form of a most generous Oppose world revolution many to share this opinion. But by the day Mao Tsetung became party chair­ loan; he offered arms to be used "Like Stalin, Mao represents a bu­ time of his death the chieftains of man in 1935. against the rebels; and he denounced reaucratic caste. This formation in imperialism eulogized Mao Tsetung The "opening to the West" that so the rebels. China is not identical in all its features almost as one of their own. upset many of Mao's supporters arose "Not even Nixon could misunder­ to the one in the Soviet Union, but it is from no evolution on Mao's part but stand that language-if he had not basically similar. Its chief characteris- Ford praises Mao from the adoption of a more flexible completely grasped the meaning of tic is that it places its own narrow, Gerald Ford called Mao "a remarka­ tactical stance by American imperial­ Mao's consistent policy over the years nationalistic interests above the inter­ ble and very great man," adding that ism. Joseph Hansen, the editor of of seeking alliances with 'progressive' ests of the world revolution, including the chairman "had the vision and Intercontinental Press, pointed this out sectors of the colonial bourgeoisie, a the interests of the Chinese revolution. imagination to open up the doors to the at the time of the first open step policy that helped pave the way in "This was not seen by many ana­ United States." It was indeed Mao's toward the new alignment back in Indonesia for the debacle of 1965 and lysts, primarily b.ecause of the persist­ Open Door policy that won the hearts 1968. Peking, at the height of the the slaughter of as many as a million ence with which U.S. imperialism and minds of his former foes. murderous American aggression in Indonesian Communists .... rejected dealing even with this conser­ Henry Kissinger praised him for Vietnam, had sent a message to Nixon "Those most stunned by the current vative caste. Washington's refusal to on November 26 offering "peaceful diplomacy of the Mao regime are the recognize China helped maintain the coexistence," the class-collaborationist currents in the left that have been revolutionary aura of the Mao regime. policy perfected by Stalin. Hansen favorably disposed toward Maoism. "The Peking government undertook N.Y. forum commented in the December 16, 1968, The ultraleft posture of the Mao regime defensive measures that sometimes The Politics of Mao Tsetung: A IP: was mistakenly interpreted by them to had revolutionary consequences, out­ Marxist View. Les Evans, member of "It would seem that it would be of be genuinely revolutionary. They were standing examples being the military the Socialist Workers party National considerable mutual advantage to taken in by the willingness of Peking defense of China at the time of the Committee. Peking and Moscow to close the breach to offer training to prospective guerril­ Korean war and the accompanying Thursday, September 30, 7:30 las and to supply them with small p.m. Eisner-Lubin Auditorium, Loeb and establish a common front against expropriation of capitalist holdings Student Center, New York University, the common imperialist foe. Neither of arms in certain cpuntries. The ultraleft within China. 566 LaGuardia Place at Washington the bureaucracies sees it that way, language of 'Mao Tsetung Thought' "It was notable, however, that at Square South. however, and each blames the other for bolstered this false interpretation. . . . home Mao sedulously blocked and Admission $1. Sponsored by Young the situation. Worst of all, in their "One of the most ironic aspects of rooted out any tendency toward prole­ Socialist Alliance and Socialist Workers rivalry each _seeks an understanding Mao's decision to make a deal with tarian democracy; while abroad he party. with imperialism at the expense of the U.S. imperi,alism is that this was one relied in the main on alliances with the other.... of the main charges leveled against his treacherous colonial bourgeoisie. . . . "if the demarche meets with a opponents in the Great Proletarian "This course was in conformity with having "created a durable relation­ favorable response, there can be no Cultural Revolution. Mao is now doing the nature of the social formation ship" between Peking and Washing­ doubt that the Mao regime would move precisely what he accused Liu Shao-chi represented by Mao. ton, "based on mutual confidence and further along this line with a readiness of wanting tO do. "The veneer of ultraleftism was not perception of common interests." that might astound not a few ob­ "To find a parallel it is necessary to in contradiction to this; it constituted a United Nations Secretary General servers." go back to the Soviet Union of the necessary part under the circumstan­ Kurt Waldheim in his tribute to Mao Two and a half years later, with the thirties, when Stalin butchered a ces." Continued on page 30 declared that he had led "an untiring announcement of Nixon's visit to search for the achievement of interna­ Peking, Mao's opportunist course was tional understanding and world unveiled for everyone to see. In assess­ peace." ing its meaning in the July 26, 1971, Prime Minister Takeo Miki of Japan Intercontinental Press, Joseph Hansen sent a message of condolence avowing summed up Mao's career and its final Books on himself to be "shocked and grief­ chapter. His words are worth recalling stricken." today as an obituary for Mao Tsetung: The principal fear in imperialist China circles seemed to be not that Mao's Vietnam Leon Trotsky on China policies would be continued after his " ... why the change at this particu­ By Leon Trotsky. 688 pp. $6.95 death, but that they might be aban­ lar time? ... The reason is quite clear. doned by his successors. James Res­ The Mao regime has indicated to ton, writing in the September 10 New Nixon that it is willing to help him in Revolutionaries in Mao's Prisons York Times, the day after Mao's death, Vietnam. In short, Peking is in the The case of the Chinese Trotskyists asked: business of betraying revolutions in By Li Fu-jen and Peng Shu-tse $.50 "Will Peking follow the line of the the tradition of the master betrayer Shanghai Communique, cooperating whom they hail as their guide and The Chinese Revolution with Washington? ... Or-and this is teacher-Stalin. By Peng Shu-tse and Chen Pi-lan the anxiety here-will new Chinese "The proofs could not be more In three parts. $.85 each. leaders try to put together the Sino- · palpable. Peking came out foursquare Soviet alliance and confront the free against the people of Bangia Desh who The Chinese Revolution and Its Development world with a solid Communist bloc in rose almost unanimously against the Socialist Workers party documents. the Eurasian continent from Vladivos­ dictatorship of Yahya Khan. Peking 47 pp. $.. 75 tok to Berliri?" supplied arms and money to the Spokesmen for the capitalist "free dictator to crush the rebellion; and Order from: Pathfinder Press, 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014. world," despite undying enmity for the openly denounced the people of Bangia

14 Bight-wing_pressure mounts Carter and Ford ·oin anti-abortion drive By Ginny Hildebrand When the opening shots were fired in the Ford-Carter battle for the White House, the Catholic church hierarchy decided to open its own barrage. Its ammunition? The abortion issue. Carter made an easy target. He's been doing a balancing act on the fence for a long time: appealing to women's rights supporters by saying he opposes contitutional amendments that would prohibit abortion or turn the decision back to each state; appeal­ ing to the anti-abortion vote by em­ phasizing his personal opposition to abortion. His strategy began to backfire at his August 31 meeting with the National Conference of Catholic Bishops. The bishops said they were "disappointed" with Carter's position. On September answers to these questions by looking the platform only says that it is ment, it is no surprise that abortion is 10 Ford met with the same group of at a series of statements he has made "undesirable" to amend the Constitu­ still a major political issue. bishops. They were "encouraged" by since August 31. tion. Couldn't it become desirable if The reactionary forces never accept­ his call for an amendment granting political winds shift? ed the defeat dealt them by the states the right to force women to bear Carter's real position Supreme Court's 1973 ruling legalizing unwanted children. "States' rights" to • At a news conference in New York Against the majority abortion. enforce another form of slavery, of just hours after his meeting with the Carter and Ford's positions stand in For three years they've been preach­ course, was the banner under which bishops, Carter was asked, "Do you opposition to the majority view of ing, lobbying, and marching in the the Confederacy fought the Civil War. think the woman ought to have a Americans. A January 1976 Knight­ tens of thousands to roll back this Since Carter's meeting, anti-abortion constitutional right to make up her Ridder newspaper survey showed that decision. They've targeted this election demonstrators have confronted him in mind on the subject?" Carter ans­ 76 percent of Catholics and 81 percent to gain publicity and legitimacy for New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and wered, "Under any circumstances? No, of the overall adult population agree their reactionary drive, which is close­ Arizona. not under all circumstances." that abortion is a matter between a ly linked to moves to prevent ratifica­ Pro-Carter journalists have thrown When would he support abortion?: woman and her doctor. A New York tion of the Equal Rights Amendment themselves into the fray in hopes of "In the first twenty weeks fof pregnan­ Times and CBS News poll taken this and to reverse school desegregation. separating out the issues in Carter's cy] if a pregnancy was the result of month shows 56 percent of adults They even ran a forced-motherhood favor. rape, if the rapist had been convicted," opposing a constitutional amendment candidate, Ellen McCormack, in sever­ For example, in the September 10 he said (emphasis added). That's the restricting abortion. al Democratic party primaries. New York Times, columnist Tom old Georgia anti-abortion law. Despite this overwhelming senti- Continued on page 30 Wicker called Carter's position "sound • Carter also explained his view of a in concept and consonant with demo­ constitutional amendment: "I've never cracy, since it coerces no one." He said I would actively oppose every added that the issue "gives Mr. Carter possible amendment that was pro­ Socialists say: 'We opportunity ... t.o show that he will posed on the subject of abortion." In stand by a strongly held view even fact, Time magazine reported that under the most difficult pressures of a Carter had asked the bishops if they represent majority' political campaign." were considering any contitutional [Following are excerpts from But is Carter's view "consonant with amendments other than the one guar­ a statement issued by Peter democracy"? Has he stood up to the anteeing full legal rights to fetuses in Camejo and Willie Mae Reid, right-wing pressures? We can see the order to block abortions. the Socialist Workers party • Carter told the news conference candidates for preseident and that he opposes an amendment that vice-president.] would allow states to set the laws because, "It means the wealthier Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford's women can travel from one state to recent statements on abortion bol­ NOW calls another and have abortions legally. ster the reactionary campaign The poor ones cannot." against women's right to safe, protest action • However, less than two weeks legal abortions. Both candidates The National Organization for later he said, "I don't think we ought are emboldening a movement that Women (NOW) is urging supporters to tax people like myself who feel very seeks to overturn the historic Su­ of women's right to abortion to strongly against abortions, to finance preme Court ruling legalizing abor­ make their views known. NOW has abortions through the federal govern­ tion. called a demonstration in Philadel­ ment." What happened to his concern The forces who stand in the front phia for September 23, the evening for poor women who can only get lines of anti-abortion demonstra­ of the first televised debate between abortions with these funds? tions are often the same right­ Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter. wingers who stone Black students NOW's national office told the Anti-abortion candidate riding buses to desegregate schools Militant that its chapters in Penn­ There can be no doubt about it. and blame the unions for capital­ sylvania, Connecticut, New York, Carter is an anti-abortion candidate. ism's economic crisis. and New Jersey are being urged to Like Ford, he has never accepted ·In calling for a constitutional bring women's rights supporters to abortion as a woman's right to choose. amendment returning to states the the action. Demonstrators will And support for this right-regardless power to force women to bear assemble at 7:30 p.m. at Indepen­ of personal beliefs-is the only position unwanted children, Ford raises the dence Hall for a candlelight march "consonant with democracy." cry of "states' rights." This was the to the Walnut Street Theater, the What about the Democratic party same demagogy used to deny minority point of view on abortion. site of the debate. There they will platform? It says: Blacks constitutional rights and On this issue, like many others, the form a picket line. "We fully recognize the religious and protections in the Jim Crow South. Socialist Workers party represents In a press release responding to ethical nature of the concerns which Carter says he does not favor the majority. The Democratic and the Catholic church hierarchy, many Americans have on the subject any of the current proposals for a Republican parties have closed NOW President Karen DeCrow of abortion. We feel, however, that it is constitutional amendment, but has ranks throughout the campaign to stated, "This is a war against undesirable to attempt to amend the invited the forced-motherhood ad­ hide this fact from voters. That is American women, a brutal attack U.S. Constitution to overturn the vocates to discuss alternative con­ why we are excluded from the against our safety. Women have Supreme Court decision in this area." stitutional amendments with him. televised debates being sponsored always had abortions. Women will The Democratic party bosses in­ Meanwhile, both Carter and Ford by the League of Women Voters. continue to have abortions. And cluded an abortion plank as a conces­ strongly agree on one immediate Throughout the fall, we will the issue is only whether they will sion to the women's liberation move­ move against women: Medicaid campaign on the side of women's be safe and inexpensive or danger­ ment. But, it was worded to avoid funds for abortions should be shut right to abortion. We will be with ous, illegal, and costly." NOW alienating opponents of women's off. This would effectively deny the National Organization for leader Jeanne K.C. Clarke added rights. This was done by side-stepping medically safe abortions to tens of Women and other abortion rights that Ford and Carter "must not the key issue: abortion as a woman's thousands of women every year. It advocates when they peacefully bow to the bishops." right that must be protected by the would go a long way toward protest at the first Carter-Ford Among those supporting the Constitution. achieving the goals of the anti­ debate in Philadelphia. And we September 23 protest are Catholics Without taking this clear, simple abortion forces. Black, Puerto Ri­ will urge our supporters to continue for a Free Choice and the National stand, the party and its candidates can can, and Chicano women would be to join in actions to counter the Abortion Rights Action League easily slither into supporting a wide most severely victimized. anti-abortion offensive directed by (NARAL). For more information range of restrictive abortion measures. These candidates of the so-called the Catholic church hierarchy and call Philadelphia NOW at (215) Cutting off Medicaid funds, for exam­ majority parties clearly represent a cynically embraced by Ford and 561-7185. ple. Even backing an anti-abortion Carter. amendment isn't ruled out. After all,

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 24, 1976 15 Abel ducks issues in steel, Sadlowski in race pushes Carter· campaign By Andy Rose Ironically, this is the same gimmick promised by LAS VEGAS, Nev.-Two election campaigns former union President David McDonald in 1964 dominated the proceedings at the United Steel­ when he was trying to defend his presidency workers convention here. against Abel's challenge. First, the union officaldom's drive to crush the McDonald called it "total job security." He never movement for union democracy led by Ed Sadlows­ explained how it would be brought about. Neither ki. does Abel. Second, the mobilization of the union's resources True, the proposal for a thirty-hour workweek at behind the Democratic party presidential cam· forty hours' pay is buried in one of the convention paign. resolutions, along with many other laudable de­ Electing Carter and Mondale, "along with a mands. But Abel talked more about shortening the solidly Democratic Congress, will restore health to work year-that is, bargaining for a few extra the economy, bring respect and decency to govern­ holidays or longer vacations. ment institutions, reassert human values in foreign This is not going to bring back the 100,000 policy, and restore justice and equality under the steelworkers' jobs lost in the past two decades. Nor law," according to the convention resolution on the will it stop job erosion in the future. 1976 elections. This convention was far removed-in locale and It was assumed that the delegates didn't know or program-from the union membership. But a few don't care about Carter's defense of open-shop times during the discussion, one could catch a "right to work" laws, his opposition to higher glimpse of the life and death problems facing those government spending for jobs and social services, members back in the steel mills, fabricating plants, CHICAGO-Insurgent union leader Ed Sadlows­ his antibusing and anti-abortion stands, or his and mines. · ki officially announced his candidacy for president pledge to big business not to raise corporate taxes. Delegates appealed for the union to do something of the United Steelworkers at a news conference The address of vice-presidential candidate Walter about the pileup of grievances. here September 13. Two hundred steelworkers and Mondale was supposed to be a high point of the To do something about the scheduling of overtime reporters packed the Local 65 headquarters in convention. Mondale talked about how he was old for some workers while other members are still laid South Chicago to hear the Elflnouncement. friends with "Abe"-union President I.W. Abel. off. Sadlowski was interrupted frequently by cheers Mondale-like everyone else who talked about the To do something about the killing and crippling and applause as he explained why he is running. campaign-stuck to attacking President Ford's of thousands of steelworkers by industrial diseases. "Our brothers and sisters in the shops, mines, and record. Specifics about what a Carter administra­ These appeals were shrugged off by Abel. mills are fed up with 'business as usual' unionism," tion would do were few and far between. he said. They are fed up with "a union leadership "We are not proposing any radical changes for Civil rights which they feel is distant and remote, a necessary America," Mondale said. Discrimination against Black and women work­ evil which eats up too much of their money and ers also received scant attention here. The civil has no interest in their welfare." Promises of jobs rights resolution adopted was largely devoted to Sadlowski said he will campaign for union The one big promise, of course, was jobs. Jobs for attacking "hare-brained schemes" that would democracy, the right of the members to vote on all through the Humphrey-Hawkins "full employ­ modify seniority systems to end discriminatory contracts, a shorter workweek to provide jobs for ment" bill. layoffs. the unemployed, and greater health and safety U.S. Rep. Augustus Hawkins, one of the bill's "Integrated quality education" was mentioned as protection. originators, addressed the steel convention. He a union goal, but there was not one word about The election will be held next February by neglected to explain that all provisions for actually busing. referendum vote of the union's 1.4 million creating jobs have been removed from the bill. Appointment at this convention of a Black vice­ members. Sadlowski's opponent is Lloyd McBride, There was no opposition to endorsing Carter. president was an important concession to demands District 34 director, the bureaucracy's choice to succeed retiring President I.W. Abel. There was no sign of discontent with the union's for minority representation, even though the ap­ Sadlowski defeated the Abel machine's candi­ long-standing policy of reliance on the Democrats. pointment was made as a political maneuver to attract Black votes in the coming union elections. date in 1974 to become director of District 31, It seemed to this reporter, though, that the Carter covering the Chicago-Gary region. campaign aroused surprisingly little enthusiasm. Leon Lynch, a staff representative from Mem· Sure, the band played and everybody applauded on phis, will be the first Black person in the union's cue for Mondale. But the cheers were more routine history to sit on the international executive board. than rousing. Joe Romano, a pro-Sadlowski delegate from Local statement of support to the United Farm Workers. It There seemed to be an unstated sentiment 5271 in District 31, said the step "has been a long endorses Proposition 14, the UFW-sponsored ballot something like this: "Of course we have to defeat time coming and we should all greet and applaud initiative for farm labor elections in California. Ford. Of course we have to elect Carter. But we've it." But, he added, action is still needed to bring It further calls for "moral, financial and other heard these promises before, and everybody knows about representation of Chicanos and women in the assistance to the cause of the United Farm Workers it doesn't mean much." top leadership. Union, including the formation of support commit­ Abel himself implied-unintentionally no doubt­ A strong resolution on women's rights was tees on the local union level. . . . " that the union doesn't really expect Carter to adopted. It urges "our members located in those Little can be expected from the Abel leadership in provide jobs for all. Abel announced with great states which have not yet ratified the Equal Rights implementing these resolutions on the farm workers fanfare a new collective bargaining goal: "steady Amendment to continue their efforts to have their and the ERA. But both can provide ammunition for work and wages fifty-two weeks a year!" Also state legislators do so immediately." local activists seeking to involve their unions in known as the "guaranteed annual wage." One other good resolution was a strongly worded actions on these important social issues. Steelworkers appeal: 'Our people are dying' By Andy Rose another delegate, 'the only place in the act like they're afraid of management. many areas are worse today than ten LAS VEGAS, Nev.-The issue of world when it's raining you're in mud You try to help them, try to take a years ago. health and safety aroused one of the up to your rear end and the dust is sample of the air to them out of a "Only through collective bargaining, most impassioned discussions at the putting your eyes out. respirator pad. They treat you like backed up by an industry-wide right to United Steelworkers convention. "These federal [safety] inspectors, you're a thiefl strike, can we secure abatement of the Many delegates-including those when they come into these plants they "I told them, if I'm a thief in bring­ pollution which is killing so many of who generally support the Abel ing you this, then I feel like Bethlehem us, our neighbors, and our families." leadership-took the floor to plead for Steel should take that out of my lungs Abel's response was sarcastic. "It's stronger union action against the and keep it, because I don't want it amazing," he said, "how many of our horrors of industrial disease. either." problems now hinge on that right to Coke-oven workers, one delegate Paul Kaczocha and Mike Olszanski, strike since we have ENA." ENA is the said, get no more consideration than both pro-Sadlowski delegates from no-strike agreement in the basic steel the animals used in medical research. District 31, said that the union needed industry. "What happens to the rats and mice the right to strike over safety and "All these years we had that right to they experiment on?" he asked. "They health conditions. strike," Abel said, "and I don't know die of cancer. And that's what we're why the hell we didn't take care of doing." "In this life and death matter," these problems when we had that great "We heard our great president up Olszanski said, "we can't afford to weapon." there tell us about working condi­ wait for OSHA [Occupational Safety But the answer to that is simple. tions," said Joseph Manzo from Local and Health Administration] or the Abel and the other union bureaucrats 2610. "But I don't think people in the Environmental Protection Agency to who signed away the right to strike coke ovens have seen better working force compliance with the law on the were never interested in putting up a conditions. We're at the same position steel companies. serious fight for health and safety of that we were twenty years ago. Our "U.S. Steel and Inland have suc­ steelworkers. coke-oven people are dying down there, ceeded in getting one extension after That's a strong argument for boot· and we have to help these people." another for over ten years in our area. ing them out now and electing a new "I work in a sintering plant," said Emissions of cancer-causing agents in leadership in the steelworkers union.

16 The HumQhrer_-Hawkins fraud Labor vote. for Carter will not bring jobs By Dick Roberts vernment will provide jobs. The AFL-CIO's political machinery Even in its original, strongest form, is going all-out for Jimmy Carter. the Humphrey-Hawkins bill did not Unions are pouring millions of dollars allocate one penny of federal funds for into the Democratic party and into public works programs to provide jobs their own "Vote Carter" advertising for the unemployed. campaigns. Rather, it said that the government What good does all of this do for should-through its taxing and mone­ workers? tary policies-stimulate the private The pitch of the labor officials is that economy to reduce unemployment. the Republicans brought on the high­ That is precisely what has proved est unemployment levels since the impossible over the years. Great Depression. The Democrats will The bill never called for genuine full provide jobs. employment. It originally specified 3 The Humphrey-Hawkins bill, which percent unemployment as "full Carter endorses, is advertised as guar­ employment"-a goal to be achieved anteeing jobs for all those who want within eighteen months. Now the to work. Carter has said that unem­ figure is 3 percent overall adult unem­ ployment is the number-one problem in ployment. This means the bill accepts America. far higher figures for youth, as well as These Carter backers carefully ig­ Blacks, Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, and nore the fact that since the Democratic women. And the target date has party convention, Carter's verbal com­ apparently been pushed ba<.!k to four mitments to combating unemployment years after adoption of the bill. have been shrinking day by day. The original version would have Just like Ford, Carter is more and supposedly established the legal right more saying that "inflation-not to a job. That is, you could-at least in jobs-is the number-one problem." theory-sue the government if it failed In Plains, Georgia, September 3, to make work available. That provi­ Carter told a press conference, "There sion was one of the first to be scuttled. will be no [jobs] programs implement­ The bill has been in congressional ed under my administration unless we committees all summer, where it is can be sure that the cost of those being further weakened. The latest programs is compatible with my goal version reportedly specifies that no of having a balanced budget before the new public jobs are to be created until end of that term." at least two years after adoption. It Balancing the budget in order to severly restricts eligibility for any such lower inflation is precisely the line that jobs, and drops an earlier requirement the White House uses to justify vetoes that "prevailing wages" be paid. of jobs. Carter refused to endorse the bill ployment goal" of the original Democrats-Truman and Johnson­ Carter told U.S. News & World until it was weakened along these Humphrey-Hawkins bill because it out. Report: "I don't favor Government jobs lines. "would mean double-digit inflation," Republicans were consequently pres­ as the principal way to alleviate the He told Business Week May 3, "I the Democratic presidential aspirant is idents in the postwar periods, as the unemployment question. They cost too didn't approve of it the way it was talking exactly the same language as capitalist economy returned to its much at $8,000 to $10,000 per job." originally written. With a mandatory Fortune and the owners of American "normal" condit;.ion of high unemploy­ Carter was interviewed by Business total unemployment goal of 3%, taking business. ment. in all age groups, most of my economic The rulers of this country believe And it is certain, whichever capital­ advisers thought that would mean that they must enforce higher unem­ ist party is returned to office this double-digit inflation." ployment levels on American workers November, that Americans will contin­ Socialist The final bill has yet to emerge from in order to make U.S. industry more ue to be beset with the intolerable committees, but it is clear enough what profitable in world competition. This conditions of unemployment endemic stand on jobs is happening to it. perspective is shared by Carter and the to "peacetime" capitalism. The Socialist Workers party cam­ Business Week reported June 14, Democratic party. paign's number-one program plank "Two key Senate committees, under states: "It is an elementary obliga­ powerful Democratic chairmen, are Congressional con game tion of society to guarantee steady moving to dilute the bill to a point The Democrats pretend that they Wall Street work for everyone." where it would be little more than a favor creating jobs and that it is solely Socialists propose that the generalized commitment to full em­ because President Ford has vetoed on Carter ployment." hundreds of billions of dollars spent Democratic-sponsored legislation that Will a victory for Democrat Jimmy · on war programs should be spent on unemployment levels are so high. Carter help or hurt the stock emergency public works programs to Unemployment As proof they say that Democratic market? That's the question the provide jobs and build desperately The behind-the-scenes watering President Franklin Roosevelt pulled financial newsweekly Barron's put needed housing, mass transporta­ down of the Humphrey-Hawkins bill the country out of depression in the to Barton Biggs, managing director tion, hospitals, and schools. and Carter's mealymouthed stand on 1930s and Democrat John Kennedy of the Wall Street investment bank­ "Working hours should be reduced unemployment correspond to a process ended the "Eisenhower recessions." ing house of Morgan Stanley & Co. with no reduction in take-home pay that should be of the utmost concern to As to the Ford vetoes, this is a con "Starting in 1932," said Biggs, in order to spread the available work working people. game. It's an election year. Democratic "we've had 35 years of government and achieve full employment," it This is the attempt of the American liberals sponsor laws that Ford then getting more involved in the econo­ says. ruling class to make higher and higher vetoes. A close look at any of these my. Now we're in the process of Copies of the socialist program, unemployment rates "acceptable" to laws would show that they are com­ reversing that process. And it's entitled "A Bill of Rights for Work­ workers. pletely inadequate to provide the easier for a Democratic President to ing People," can be obtained from With production and profits rising, needed jobs. lead that reversal than it would be the Socialist Workers 1976 National unemployment levels remain higher But these liberals also do not point for a Republican. Campaign Committee, 14 Charles than at the worst points of earlier out that the Democrats hold a "veto­ "The comparison I make is with Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. postwar recessions. Unemployment proof' majority in Congress. If the Nixon and China and detente with today is rising! The official rate in Democrats were truly concerned with Russia. It would have been almost August stood at 7.9 percent, a jump passing Qills to provide jobs, they impossible for a liberal Democratic from 7.8 percent in July and 7.3 could have done so. Instead they are President to lead us into a resump­ Week for the second time this year. "In percent in May. playing election-year games. tion of relations with China. You a major switch," the magazine said Indicative of the big-business cam­ The myths about Roosevelt and had to have a President with impec­ September 20, Carter "is now equating paign to sell these high unemployment Kennedy rely on the assumption that cable credentials as a hard-line anti­ the fight against unemployment with levels is an article in the September people forget what really happened. Communist. the fight against inflation, instead of issue of Fortune. It was World War II that brought "In the same way, I think it will be targeting unemployment as the No. 1 "The only sure way to roll back unemployment down from the depres­ easier for a Democratic President to problem in the U.S." inflation is to maintain adequate slack sion levels, and it was the Vietnam lead us toward more conservative Carter assured Business Week, "I've in the labor market," Fortune summar­ War that propelled the economic up­ fiscal and monetary policies. And never been a big spender." izes. "There is a 'natural' rate of swing and low unemployment levels of basically, that's bullish [good for the unemployment, below which inflation the late 1960s. stock market]." Humphrey-Hawkins bill starts accelerating. Economists used to Wars-not the Democratic party­ Asked about the Humphrey­ The Humphrey-Hawkins bill is the think this rate was 4 percent. But it brought the lowest unemployment Hawkins bill, banker Biggs replied, only tangible promise that the union now appears that the natural rate . . . levels in the United States in the past "You know, Carter says he's in favor officials can hold up as a reason to has gradually risen to between 5.5 and four decades. of the Humphrey-Hawkins full em­ vote for Carter. But to do this, they 6 percent in the last few years. . . . The Democrats were in the White ployment bill as long as it's consis­ have to falsify the real content of the "Ambitious government efforts to House when these wars started. That tent with bringing inflation down to bill. get unemployment down rapidly could includes World War II, Vietnam, and 3%. Hell, I'm in favor of Humphrey­ This deceptive legislation was never rekindle double-digit inflation." Korea. As Americans became sickened Hawkins on that basis, too. Who aimed at providing jobs. It is aimed at When Carter tells Business Week by the Korean War and then the wouldn't be?" making it appear as though the go- that he opposed the "mandatory unem- Vietnam War they threw the

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 24, 1976 17 Seattle nurses' strike enters tenth week By Toby Emmerich waited two weeks after the strike Pam Knowles, a negotiator for the The Licensed Practical Nurses Asso­ and Bud Barricklow- began to make a first contract offer. Its nurses, told the press that the rally ciation, not on strike, has informed its SEATTLE-As a nurses' strike at most recent offer is for an 8 percent "shows the hospitals that their meth­ members not to do any work they don't fifteen area hospitals enters its tenth wage increase during the first year. ods and tactics in strikebreaking ordinarily do and not to change their week, morale among members of the When the hospital council offered to and lack of negotiations are totally vacation schedules. Washington State Nurses Association begin paying this increase immediate­ unacceptable to the labor community Most of the struck hospitals have (WSNA) is high. ly to the nurses in the three hospitals and the entire community as a whole. had to cancel all elective surgery. For the 1,800 nurses whose contract not being struck, these nurses declared The support shown us by labor unions Supervisory registered nurses and expired July 1, the strike, which began that they would donate the increase to is fantastic and is to the nurses a real doctors are being used to do the jobs of July 12, raises vital issues. Their major the strike fund. boost." the striking nurses. This means twelve­ demands concern staffing decisions, At times during the strike the council The nurses have also drawn support hour shifts daily for the supervisory agency shops, and wages. has refused to negotiate with the from the Washington Education Asso­ nurses. The nurses want to advise manage· nurses. High morale among nurses ciation and Local 900 of the New This first nurses' strike in Washing­ ment on staffing and working condi­ results in a large part from the support Economic Council of the Retail Clerks ton history is becoming one of the tions, which affect the quality of they've received from unions and International Association. Local 900 longest medical walkouts in history. patient care. They want agency shops, community residents. On September 2, has been organizing technical hospital To crush it, the hospital council is requiring nurses who don't belong to 1,000 people rallied with the nurses at personnel in the area. advertising for scabs. It is also trying the association to pay a fee for services Swedish Hospital and marched to to turn public opinion against the provided by the WSNA. To counter the three other hospitals affected by the Pam Knowles told the Militant that nurses by blaming the strike on them effects of inflation, nurses are demand­ walkout. many nonstriking hospital staff and counterposing the needs of the ing a 25 percent pay raise over a three­ Helping to organize the demonstra­ members are wearing blue armbands patients to those of the nurses. year period and an escalator clause. tion were officials and members of the to show visible solidarity with the But as the September 2 rally showed, The Seattle Area Hospital Council, Washington State Labor Council, strikers. Picketers are encouraged the nurses have gained a lot of which negotiates for the eighteen Teamsters, International Longshore­ when they see ambulance drivers support. The hospital council has Seattle-area hospitals covered by the men's and Warehousemen's Union, donning the blue strips and when they returned to the negotiating table, and contract, has shown callous disregard Firefighters, Retail Clerks, and Boiler­ see streamers flying from the ambulan­ the nurses hope that a settlement is in for nurses and patients. The council makers. ces. sight. J.P. Stevens workers launch nat'l boycott By Michael Pennock figure that my hourly rate is some­ ROANOKE RAPIDS, N.C.­ thing like $3.60," she said. "Organize the Unorganized! Activize Twenty-four months after bargain­ the Unionized!" read the banner. ing began, the union is still demanding Under it met 1,500 J.P. Stevens a grievance procedure, a seniority textile workers and their supporters. system, union dues checkoff, and a They marched and rallied in this workday and workweek spelled out in North Carolina mill town on Sep­ the contract. Stevens still refuses these tember 5, the Sunday before Labor demands. Day. Their demand was clear: The company is offering: no wage "What time is it?" increase; no vacation increase; no "UNION TIME!" increase in holiday pay; unspecified "What do we want?" improvements in insurance; and one "A CONTRACT!" extra paid holiday. "When do we want it?" It is a tribute to the Roanoke Rapids "NOW!" workers that after two years their Two years ago these workers voted spirits remain so high. Fellow union­ to be represented by the Textile Work­ ists came from eleven states to support ers Union (now the Amalgamated them. Clothing and Textile Workers Union). J.P. Stevens workers have been trying to get a contract for two years "All of us must stick together," said Since then, Stevens management Bunyon Thomas, an in-plant organizer has persistently refused to "bargain in from Montgomery, Alabama. "Re­ good faith," as required by law. Stev­ contract from Stevens the same way it cheaper to break the law than to member, we all have the same enemy, ens has broken the law so many times they defeated Farah Manufacturing allow unionization. A talk with two J.P. Stevens." that it has been labeled by the union Company in 1974. Stevens workers shows why. Alice Tanner of the Roanoke Rapids movement as "the number one labor The boycott will be tough. Farah "I started here seven years ago," organizing committee closed the rally law violater in the United States." slacks had a Farah label. Stevens said Willie Williams. "I made $2.35 on a note of unity. Stevens has fired 289 workers for products are sold under dozens of then. I'm making $3.77 now. And "There's not a white union or a being active union members. different brand names. that's after we just got a raise." Black union," she said, "but a union of This rally marked the opening of a The courts have ordered Stevens to Clara Williams is a production the people. We're all out for better pay, national boycott of J.P. Stevens pro­ pay $1.3 million in back wages for its worker, paid on piece rate. She has hours, and conditions. And we've got ducts. The union hopes to force a labor law violations. Yet Stevens finds been in the plant a full decade. "I to work together and stick together."

By Sarah Ryan ants, sent a statement to the rally. major speech. She outlined alliance RALEIGH, N.C.-More than 2,000 Chavis is currently serving a thirty­ plans for a stepped-up campaign in Raleigh demonstrators marched through the four-year prison sentence for convic­ North Carolina. streets of Raleigh September 6 in the tions of arson and conspiracy. The Davis proposed a boycott of the National March for Human Rights. charges stemmed from his involve­ state's tourist industry as long as the marchers The action was sponsored by the ment in a Black community struggle Wilmington Ten remain in prison. National Alliance Against Racist and for equal education in Wilmington, Imani Kazana called on participants Political Repression (NAARPR). More North Carolina, in 1971. to build a united national campaign in demand: than half the marchers were Black. "Whether in Raleigh or Wilmington, defense of the ten. Kazana is coordina­ The central demand of the march North Carolina, or whether in Johan­ tor of the newly formed National was "Free the Wilmington Ten and the nesburg. or Soweto, South Africa, the Wilmington Ten Defense Committee, ~Free N.C. Charlotte Three!" Both cases involve denials of human rights and labor headquartered in Washington, D.C. crude frame-ups of young activists in rights must be confronted by the She urged formation of local commit­ the fight for Black rights in North organized power of the people," Cha­ tees in every city. Carolina. vis's message said. Other speakers included Jerry Paul, prisoners!' The demonstrators also called for an Anne Braden, of the Southern Or­ attorney for Joanne Little; Rev. Ber­ end to the death penalty and for ganizing Committee for Economic and nard Lee, Southern Christian Leader­ support to the J.P. Stevens textile Social Justice and longtime activist in ship Conference; and Georgia State workers. the civil rights movement, appealed for Sen. Julian Bond. Protesters in the Labor Day march action by white supporters of Black Supporters of the Socialist Workers came from as far away as Miami, rights. party presidential slate of Peter Came­ Detroit, and New York. Many were Many speakers focused on the racist jo and Willie Mae Reid came from from cities in North Carolina. "If they policies of North Carolina. The state Miami, Washington, D.C., Baltimore, can free Nixon, they can free the has the largest per capita prison Richmond, and Charlotte, North Carol­ Wilmington Ten," they chanted as the population of any in the country. ina. Demonstrators bought 250 Mili­ rally began near the state capitol. Angela Davis, prominent Commu­ tants and hundreds took copies of the Rev. Ben Chavis, the most promi­ nist party spokesperson and cochair­ SWP campaign platform, "A Bill of nent of the Wilmington Ten defend- person of the NAARPR, delivered the Rights for Working People."

18 A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM

SEPTEMBER 24, 1976

lebanon after the fall of Tel Zaatar Palestinians & leftists on defensive, but not defeated By David Frankel of the imperialist-backed forces. The Cairo and Beirut, commented in the Cairo agreement restricting the arma­ bitter resistance put up by the Palesti­ August 15 Washington Post that ment of the Palestinian refugee camps, Since the June 1967 Arab-Israeli nian fighters in the Tel Zaatar refugee "despite its public support of the the freedom of movement of the guer­ war, the Palestinian national libera­ camp is an indication on a small scale Lebanese left (most verbal, some guns), rillas, and the areas where they were tion movement has been a major factor of what can be expected in a battle for the Soviet Union itself does not seem allowed to operate. But these accords in frustrating the aims of American Beirut. to covet a radical republic in Leban­ were signed only after the Lebanese diplomacy in the Middle East. Now, It is worth recalling the experience of on." Such a republic, Sheehan noted, army tried to destroy the guerrilla the developments in the Lebanese civil the Syrian army in this regard. Mter "might provoke a war with Israel that organizations and failed. A return to war have led the imperialists to hope being ordered into Lebanon June 1 by would produce an American-Russian these agreements now would only that they can at last eliminate the President Hafez al-Assad, Syrian ar­ clash and destroy the conveniences of signify a temporary pause before new Palestinian movement as an indepen­ mor and infantry occupied much of detente." attacks on the position of the dent force. eastern Lebanon with little difficulty. While the Moscow bureaucrats at­ Palestinians-and on the mass of As early as July 23, Joseph C. But when the Syrian forces attempted tempt to play both sides against the Muslim workers and peasants as·well. Harsch flatly declared in the Christian to march into Saida and Beirut, they middle in Lebanon, there is no such The PLO's number-two leader, Abu Science Monitor, "The Palestinians were thrown back with heavy losses. ambiguity on the part of the rightist lyad, said in an interview published have been defeated on the battlefield, forces. Both Assad and the Christian September 2 in the Italian newspaper and their ability to dictate the policies Different methods of the Arab states is at an end." This show of weakness led Assad to Following the fall of the Tel Zaatar try different methods. After destroying refugee camp in Beirut and the brutal the oil refinery at Saida, ll.is troops massacre there, the editors of the New pulled back. In the meantime, a block­ York Times gave their pronouncement ade of the leftist-held ports begun by on the situation. "The Palestinian base the Syrian navy at the end of March in exile has been demolished in Leban­ was maintained. An article in the on in this summer of 1976 as thorough­ August 28 issue of The Economist, the ly as it was in Jordan in the 'Black British financial weekly, explained September' of 1970," the Times said that "the position now seems to be that August 16. Syrian ships blockade entry to the northern Moslem port of Tripoli, the Wishful thinking Israelis sit outside Tyre and Sidon, and These estimates, however, contain the American navy patrols the area in an element of wishful thinking. Des­ between." pite the hopes of the imperialists, the But despite the naval blockade, the conflict in Lebanon is far from decided. help of Syrian forces on the ground, Although the Muslim-Palestinian­ and infusions of weapons from Israel, leftist coalition remains on the defen­ the Christian rightists have been no sive, it continues to control the entire more successful than the Syrians in western part of Lebanon south of their attempts to penetrate West Bei­ Beirut. In addition, it holds a small rut. -· enclave around Tripoli in the north. A partition of Lebanon in which a Palestinian refugees fleeing Tel Zaatar. Although fall of Tel Zaatar was a great The fall of Tel Zaatar changed nothing section of the country remains under psychological blow, it was not a decisive military defeat for Palestinian-Muslim in this picture. Having withstood a the control of the Palestinians is coalition. savage fifty-two day siege, Tel Zaatar something that neither Assad, the U.S. was a symbol of great psychological State Department, nor the Israeli importance, but militarily it had little regime can accept. Assad, with the rightists are intent on stabilizing a Carriere della Sera that the guerrillas significance. approval of Kissinger, is working to proimperialist Maronite regime in were prepared to abide by the Cairo The fact is that nothing less than the restore the old governmental system Lebanon. In order to accomplish this, agreement and withdraw from the defeat of the Muslim-Palestinian-leftist dominated by the privileged Christian they will ultimately have to crush the mountain positions in return for a coalition in the main centers of Beirut minority. If progress toward ·this goal Palestinians and their allies on the Syrian withdrawal. and Saida will decide the war in favor is not made by September 15, Assad left. Thus, although a repeat of the "We are ready to lay down our arms has reportedly threatened a renewed Jordanian "Black September" has not and make all the concessions compati­ military attack against the Muslim­ yet occurred in Lebanon, the danger of ble with the survival of [the] Palestini­ Palestinian-leftist coalition. such a disaster taking place is real. an resistance, but Damascus will not As for the Israeli regime, it has even discuss it," he said. seized the opportunity to initiate a Soft cop creeping annexation of southern Le­ Right now, the right-wing alliance is What rightists want banon. Israeli combat forces have attempting' to wrest concessions from What the rightists are really after stepped up patrols inside Lebanese its opponents by a combination of was indicated recently by Dory Cha­ territory, and Foreign Minister Yigal military pressure and negotiations. moun, secretary general of the Nation­ Allon told reporters in Tel Aviv August Pierre Gemayel, the chief of the right­ al Liberal party, and eldest son of 31, "We shall not allow the Syrians, ist Phalangist party, is playing the former President Camille Chamoun. A the Muslim extremists or the PLO role of soft cop. He has maintained September 4 dispatch from Beirut in [Palestine Liberation Organization] to that a Palestinian withdrawal from the New York Times reported that come to an arrangement with the three towns in the mountains east of Chamoun has insisted that the Cairo (Christian) Maronites at Israel's Beirut-Sanin, Ain Tura, and al­ agreement "is now outdated and the expense-giving the PLO the right to Metein-"is the key to peace in Leban­ only way Lebanon can accept the use territory to attack Israel." on." Palestinians is when they lay down Gemayel was quoted in the Beirut their arms and become refugees Soviet role daily an-Nahar September 5 as promis­ again." Another force influencing the events ing that if the Palestinians withdraw Not all the rightists are willing to in Lebanon is the Soviet bureaucracy. from these positions, "they will obtain stop with the demand that the Palesti­ The Kremlin has finally taken a stand from us guarantees for their safety in nians give up their struggle to return in favor of Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon and assurances for the conti­ to their homeland. According to the Washington Post Lebanon, but it has refrained from nuation of the struggle for the Palesti­ same September 4 dispatch, "Abu Arz, 1 marks area· under Christian rightist pushing this view too vigorously. nian cause." the commander of a radical [rightist] control; 2 is area controlled by Syria; 3 Edward R.F. Sheehan, an Arabist The Phalangists have also demand­ faction known as Guards of the Cad- is held by Muslim-Palestinian coalition. who served the State Department in ed the strict application of the 1969 Continued on page 22

19 World Outlook

Ernest Mandel on the case of Andrei Sakharov and By Ernest Mandel petition, generates a dynamic of capi­ should be stricken as soon as possible. Committees (CCs), since governments tal accumulation and lust for profit These sections are an attempt to and CCs can err and have clearly done [The West German monthly maga­ that threatens to turn the forces of decisively restrict the freedoms of so in innumerable cases, free public zine Das Da, published in Hamburg, production into forces of destruction, expression, speech, assembly, and the discussion makes it possible to more has run a series of comments on the periodically endangering the existence right to demonstrate that are granted rapidly formulate alternative solutions political views of the Soviet nuclear of material and intellectual culture, by the constitution. Moreover, they that may be more correct than those of scientist and political dissident Andrei and even the physical survival of reintroduce the antiquated and reac­ the majority (only practical experience Sakharov. The editors asked Ernest humanity itself. tio.nary category of "crimes of opinion" can demonstrate who is right) and to Mandel to state his views on the harking back to the era of absolutism, more rapidly correct errors. subject. Loss of vision like the reactionary blacklisting laws Can anyone seriously maintain that [Mandel is a Marxist economist and As a result of this loss of vision he in the German Federal Republic that the grave crisis that has marked the a leader of the Fourth International, also cannot comprehend the only degrade persons to the status of Soviet economy for decades could not the world Trotskyist organization. He possible solution to the world crisis of second-class citizens not because of have been more easily and rapidly is also a contributing editor of Inter­ society-the liberation of human be­ any criminal acts but solely because of overcome if there were a· free and open continental Press. ings from their subordination to reified their political convictions. discussion of alternative economic and [The following article by Mandel technology and alienated commodity The fact that in the USSR working agricultural policies? At every con­ appeared in the June 1976 issue of Das production, their transformation from people can be sentenced to long years gress of the CPSU for the last twenty­ Da. The translation from the German victims of technological "professional in labor camps for nothing more than five years, there has been a denuncia­ is by Intercontinental Press.] deformation" and the "eternal laws of criticizing the political decisions of tion of abuses in the factories-vast the market" into freely associating their government stands in clear unutilized reserves, investment plans I completely reject Sakharov's cur­ producers who determine their own contradiction to the Marxist-Leninist frozen for years, irregular supply of rent political position. Under the influ­ fate in accordance with a plan com­ theory of the dictatorship of the raw materials. ence of a one-sided preoccupation with monly arrived at. He does not under- proletariat as a type of state modeled Who can deny that these abuses on the Paris Commune, without politi­ could not have been decisively reduced cal police, without a standing repres­ if the work force were able to denounce sive apparatus, a type of state in which them openly in the press without regardless of their political convictions having to check first with the party or party allegiances working people committees, or if they had the right in must enjoy more freedom of thought fact to themselves eliminate them by and speech more freedom to orga:qize introducing a system of factory man­ and demonstrate, than in the freest agement through elected factory coun-

'While I reject Sakharov's political position, I uncon­ ditionally support his right to advocate these views freely and openly in the Soviet Union. I support his courageous campaign in defense of the human and _civil rights of all Soviet citizens. I maintain, along with _him, that there can be no real Soviet democracy as long as dissident views cannot be openly printed and propagated. As Rosa Luxemburg put it so cogent­ ly, democracy is always feeedom for dissenters.'

bourgeois republic. cils subject to recall at any time? Why In the USSR, there is no free access can't there be an open discussion in to printing presses and meeting halls the Soviet Union in the press and in for every group of workers that wants factory assemblies about democratical­ it in order to criticize the general line ly centralized workers self­ (in economic, domestic, foreign, cultu­ management as an alternative to the ral, or nationalities policy) of the "one-man rule" of factory directors? regime in power. To the contrary, any Does workers self-management equal attempt to exercise the rights guaran­ "capitalist restoration"? Does agitat­ teed in the constitution for such a ing for workers self-management con­ purpose would immediately result in stitute "antisoviet agitation"? imprisonment. The paragraphs in the penal code French CP censored tb.at make "antisoviet agitation" puni­ Still worse: Why as soon as they shable by terms in forced labor camps make the mildest criticism of the enable the government and the govern­ Soviet government do communists and ment party to assure unchallenged socialists in the Soviet Union have less their unconstitutional monopoly in freedom than they enjoy in many administering the state and the econo­ capitalist countries? .Why can the my. Any criticism of the general line of French and Italian Communists attack the party leadership is immediately their bourgeois governments without punished as "antisoviet agitation." having their statements censored, Sometimes this leads to absurd while Pravda censored the French CP results. If convinced advocates of the representative's speech at the Twenty the internal political situation in the stand that history has brought us up power of workers councils and demo­ Fifth Congress of the CPSU, as Jean USSR, the Soviet scientist has shifted against the dilemma of socialism or cracy based on workers councils called Kanapa complained in his last report his course away from his socialist barbarism. for immediately transferring state to the CC of the French party? convictions toward openly procapital­ However, while I reject Sakharov's power in• the USSR to a congress of Why have Soviet Communists been ist views. He has lost his understand­ political position, I unconditionally workers councils elected directly in the sentenced to long prison terms if they ing of the decisive responsibility capi­ support his right to advocate these factories, in which more than one criticized the military intervention of talism and imperialism bear for the views freely and openly in the Soviet party could be represented (including the Warsaw Pact powers in Czechoslo­ dreadful conditions in the semicolonies Union. I support his courageous cam­ of course the Communist party of the vakia, when the strongest Communist and for the inhuman crimes of the old paign in defense of the human and Soviet Union), they would be sentenced parties in West Europe (the Italian, and new fascist dictatorships. civil rights of all Soviet citizens. I as "antisoviet agiJators." But the word French, Spanish, British, Swedish, and Sakharov is increasingly blind to the maintain, along with him, that there "workers councils" means the same Belgian) have often denounced this gradual restriction of democratic free­ can be no real soviet democracy as thing as "soviets." Agitation for work­ intervention .in still stronger terms? doms in the West that is coming in the long as dissident views cannot be ers councils is thus considered antiso­ Are the majority of West European train of growing economic difficulties openly printed and propagated. As viet agitation, that is, agitation Communists perhaps only disguised and sharpening class struggles. He Rosa Luxemburg put it so cogently, against workers councils! Thus, the anti-Communists? fails to notice the newly demonstrated democracy is always freedom for dis­ bureaucracy arbitrarily decrees that Citizen Gerasimov of the Soviet fact that mass unemployment and senters. white is really black. writers union ended his contribution to setbacks in the standard of living and the discussion in Das Da on the the working conditions of broad strata Crimes of opinion Correcting errors "Sakharov case" with the following periodically recur in the capitalist So, I think the paragraphs in the Freedom of opinion and speech, sentences: countries. Soviet penal code that make "antiso­ freedom to conduct agitation, do not "After the bourgeois revolutions in The Soviet· scientist no longer under­ viet agitation" or "slander against the harm the construction of socialism but Europe, there were more than a few stands that private ownership of the soviet regime" punishable by imprison­ rather benefit it. Since there are no all­ people-either conservatives or just means of production, along with com- ment are unconstitutional, and as such knowing general secretaries or Central feebleminded-who wanted to go back

20 the fight for workers democracy in the Soviet Union to feudalism. It should be remembered Trotsky, the organizer of the October that at that time such people were also insurrection, the creator of the Red called 'dissidents'" (Das Da, May 1976, Army, the man designated in Lenin's p.23). last testament as the CPSU's most I have to round out Citizen Gerasim­ capable leader, are not freely available ov's memory in two respects. First, in the USSR? Why is it that they no fifty years after the bourgeois revolu­ longer print the works of such tion these profeudal conservatives outstanding Communists as Gregory were not being imprisoned or locked up Zinoviev, the first chairman of the in insane asylums. They were allowed Communist International; Nikolai to speak and write freely. Why fifty Bukharin, Zinoviev's successor in this years after the victory of the October post; Evgeny Preobrazhensky, the first revolution does the Soviet government general secretary (preceding Stalin) of feel so threatened by "feebleminded" the Cjj of the CPSU; Christian Ra­ individuals that it does not let them kovsky, the first chairman of the speak and write freely but rather Council of People's Commissars of the frequently condemns them to forced Ukrainian Soviet Republic; and of labor for crimes of opinion? many other members of Lenin's Cen­ How could the exploitative capitalist tral Committee, whose names, despite societies of England and Switzerland Stalin's crimes against them, remain in the nineteenth and early twentieth inseparably bound up with the history centuries, societies deeply riven by of the socialist October revolution and class antagonisms, allow Karl Marx the founding of the Soviet state? and V.I. Lenin to agitate openly Suppression of freedom of opinion, against the established social order, thought, and the press in the USSR while Soviet society, which is supposed only assists capitalism in its attempt to be so united, feels gravely threa­ to present itself to people both in the tened by agitation against the estab­ East and West as a "freer" system lished order and resorts to repression than socialist society. It is an obstacle to stamp it out? Is Soviet society today to the consolidation of genuine social­ perhaps more divided than the capital­ ist consciousness in the minds of ist England of 1865 with its mass Soviet citizens. Ideologies (even reac­ press by the party must necessarily Union is not a pure workers state but a poverty? tionary ones) can only be effectively appear to me in a peculiar light. How bureaucratically deformed one. The combated on the level of ideas. If you are you any different than Putt­ direct exercise of state power gradually Marxists imprisoned try to suppress them by force, in the kammer,:1 if you introduce an 'antiso­ slipped out of the hands of the working Secondly, not only procapitalist long run you only give them more cialist law'4 into our own ranks? No class, out of the hands of its freely opinions are suppressed in the Soviet force. party in any country can impose elected councils, out of the hands of its Union but also Marxist, revolutionary­ silence on me if I am determined to vanguard. It was monopolized by the socialist, and communist ones that Bureaucracy fears workers speak out. But I should like you to state, economic, and party bureaucra­ differ from the official party line. As is It was not without reason that the consider if you would not do better to cy. shown by the "Open Letter to the great Soviet scholar Kapitza said on be less touchy-less Prussian-in your On the basis of that monopoly of European and American CPs," 1 there the fiftieth anniversary of the October dealings. You-the party-need social­ administration and authority, this are more than a few people sitting in revolution that the present generation ist scholarship, and the latter cannot social layer holds enormous material Soviet forced labor camps who openly, of Soviet youth no longer knows how live without freedom of movement." privileges, which it seeks by every both during and after the trials where to argue. Only in a climate of sharp, These words breathe the whole spirit means io defend. Soviet democracy they were sentenced, proclaim their public, wide-ranging debate, can Marx­ of genuine Marxism. They haunt the with unrestricted civil rights for every­ allegiance to the teachings of Marx ism (which has been withering in the conscience of the present rulers of the one; workers leaders freely elected in and Lenin, and whose only "crime" role of a state religion) bloom again, USSR. votes where various parties and group­ consists of printing and distributing can new Plekhanovs, new Lenins, new ings could present slates; workers texts expressing their interpretations Trotskys, flourish in the USSR. But Need social analysis control over the entire economy and of Marxism-Leninism. this is probably precisely the main Repression of dissidents for mere state; unrestncted public debate on all I myself wrote, among other things, reason why the Soviet bureaucracy. crimes of opinion, the brutal suppres­ questions of interest to the society, a book on Marxist economic theory suppresses freedom of debate. There is sion of freedom of the press and including those of "high policy"; demo­ and a Marxist analysis of "late capital­ nothing it fears more than a politically freedom to organize for political oppo­ cratically centralized workers self­ ism," which stimulated vigorous dis­ active, conscious working class. sitionists, an "antisocialist law" and management in the factories-all this cussion in broad circles in the interna- Marxism is a science, which like any censorship "in our own ranks" -all would mean the end of these privileges. these things are by no means just And so the bureaucracy clings to its "blemishes" that "with time" can be monopoly of power and to the one­ removed from the lovely face of "so­ party system that covers it up and 'Suppression of freedom of opinion, thought, and· the cialism" in the USSR. As Marxists we legitimizes it. For this reason it stub­ press in the USSR only assists capitalism in its have to find the social, explanation for bornly opposes any genuine soviet the continuing absence of soviet demo­ democracy, even though this could attempt to present itself to people both in the East and cracy in the USSR, more than twenty only help in building socialism. West as a "freer" system than socialist society. It is an years after the Twentieth Party Con­ obstacle to the consolidation of genuine socialist gress, more than twenty-five years Bureaucracy not a class consciousness in the minds of Soviet citizens. since the victory of the Chinese revolu­ The bureaucracy is not a new class. tion broke the encirclement of the Capitalism has not been restored in .. . Marxism is a science, which like any science, can Soviet Union, when the USSR has the Soviet Union. The Soviet working only develop in a climate of unrestricted, free confron­ already become the world's second­ class feels instinctively what a gigan­ tation of opinions.' largest industrial power. To continue tic step backward such a restoration to attribute this political deformation would bring and is vigorously resisting today to backwardness and relative the first steps in this direction, such as, poverty is insufficient; ascribing it to for example, giving factory directors the right to dismiss workers. I stand tional workers movement (including science, can only develop in a climate "the cult of the personality" is simply completely on the side of these workers the Communist parties), as well as of unrestricted, free confrontation of laughable. in their defense of the gains of the among scholars. The Western govern­ opinions. We should note what the old The explan"ation of the abuses in the October revolution, against the procap­ ments regard me as an irreconcilable Friedrich Engels wrote to August Soviet Union lies in the fact that Lenin italist machinations of their oppres­ opponent of capitalism. Four of them, Bebel on May 1, 1891:2 already described in 1921: The Soviet sors, as well as against the proposals including the United States, the Ger­ "Since you tried to prevent publica­ of a Sakharov. man Federal Republic, and France, tion of the article by force and Neue when Engels got it published in the party The best guarantee against such a have banned me from their territories. Zeit has been warned that the next journal Neue Zeit without the approval of restoration is an independently acting, Why can't my books be freely printed time this happens it may be exprop­ the party officials. The leadership raised the question of discipline and procedures. It self-managing, politically mobilized and distributed in the Suviet Union? riated by the party and placed under was in response to this that Engels made working class. Such a force will once Why is it that this article of mine, censorship, the seizure of your entire these remarks in his May 1 letter to Bebel. again come onto the stage in the Soviet which despite its sharp criticism of For the text, see Marx Engels Werke, Berlin capitalism can be published in capital­ Union, to the terror not only of the 2. Marx's criticism of the Gotha program 1968, vol. 38, p. 89. present rulers but also of imperialism ist Germany, cannot appear in the of the German Social Democratic party in a "socialist" Soviet Union? 3. Robert Victor von ' ttkamer, German and of Solzhenitsyn and Sakharov. letter known under the title "Marginal minister of the interior 1.Jm 1881 to 1888, The struggle of the international Why is it that the works of L.D. Comments" was long suppressed by the during much of the period when repressive working class, especially the West party leadership. It attacked formulations legislation was in force against the Social European workers, for a democratic 1. This document was printed in the July in the program reflecting concessions to the Democratic party. 3, 1975, issue of Inprecor, a fortnightly concepts of Lassalle. (The Gotha program system of workers councils in the magazine published in Brussels by the was drafted as a basis for fusion between 4. The Antisocialist Law was in force in highly industrialized countries, will, United Secretariat of the Fourth Interna­ the Lassalleans and the Marxists.) Al­ the German Empire from 1878 to 1890. It once it wins a decisive victory, make tional. It was also printed in the September though the letter was written in 1875, it did denied legal rights to the Social Democratic an important contribution to this new 12, 1975, issue of the Militant. not become generally known until 1891, party and its mass organizations. rise of the Soviet working class.

21 World Outlook

Behind Irish republic's World news notes

Polish dissident victimized for protesting jailings state of emergency In mid-July, Jacek Kuron, a dissident Polish Marxist, sent an open letter to Enrico Berlinguer, general secretary ofthe Italian Communist By Gerry Foley question its ability to maintain its party. working-class base. It is clear that the The letter appealed to Berlinguer "to help the Polish workers who are On September 1, the Fine Gael­ state of emergency is aimed against being buried in filth by the press, the radio, and television, beaten by Labour party coalition government in the masses. Denis Coghlan commented the police, thrown into prison, brought before the courts on charges of Dublin pushed a state of emergency in the August 24 issue of the Irish sabotage, and condemned to declaration through parliament. Times, the country's most prominent long prison sentences." The bill suspending constitutional capitalist newspaper: This repression is being car­ rights passed by a thin majority of 70 "The answer is not repressive, or ried out by the Stalinist regime to 65 in the Dail, the lower house. emergency, legislation. The emergency in Poland in retaliation for the The state of emergency was opposed is not going to go away.... general strike this summer that by Fianna Fail, historically the party "Jobs, rather than laws, are needed. successfully fought off huge of the more nationalist section of the There were 112,160 people on the increases in food prices. bourgeoisie and supported by a majori­ unemployment register last week. After the open letter was ty of small farmers and workers. Those figures did not include about published in Italy, Kuron, who In the past, differences in the Irish 50,000 small farmers and unemployed is forty years old, was called up bourgeoisie have been sharp. They led school leavers from last year. Neither for a three-month tour of mil­ to civil war in 1921-22 and to semi-civil did it reflect the fact that about 50,000 itary duty on Poland's eastern war in the mid-1930s, when Fine Gael students of all levels were dumped on a frontier. leaders organized the Blueshirts, a contracting employment market this Elzbieta Boeuckla-Kuron, fascist-like movement, to oppose Fian­ summer. Jacek Kuron's wife, sent a na Fail's protectionist policies, which "That there are 200,000 potential letter to the "Complaints Bu­ were harming the interests of the large 'subversives'-or people with a tenden­ reau" of the Polish Ministry of farmers. cy to overthrow the existing order of Defense protesting her hus­ The differences between the two things-in the Republic is a sobering band's being called to active bourgeois parties have, however, nar­ thought." duty. She explained that he rowed to the vanishing point in the The problem is that all attempts by JACEK KURON has a serious heart condition, last decades. Nonetheless, a difference the bourgeoisie to develop the Irish and that the military doctor remains between their base and histor­ economy have failed, both the weak who originally examined him declared him unfit for service. ic identifications. tariff-protected industrialization of the Kuron has a long history of active opposition to the Stalinist regime Thus, Fine Gael, the continuator of first Fianna Fail governments and the the forces that crushed the vanguard total capitulation to imperialism of in Poland. He was expelled from the Polish Communist party's youth of the anti-imperialist struggle in the today's Fianna Fail and Fine Gael. organization after writing a study of conditions in Poland in civil war, is better able to mount an all­ Now, because of worldwide unemploy­ collaboration with Karol Modzelewski, a dissident party member. out assault on the nationalist move­ ment the chronic crisis can no longer In response to the expulsion, Kuron and Modzelewski wrote an Open ment and the nationalist tradition. be defused by draining Ireland of its Letter to the Polish Communist Party, giving a Marxist analysis of the Fine Gael, the minority bourgeois youth through emigration. bureaucracy's rule in Poland. party since the 1930s, has been able to The vote on the state of emergency Kuron was then imprisoned for three years, released early in 1968, rule only in coalition with the Irish in the Dail indicates, however, that and imprisoned again a few months later in the wake of student Labour party. Until the late 1960s, the powerful historical factors still divide protests. He was not released again until 1971. Labour party was a grouping of right- . the Irish bourgeoisie as it moves wing local cliques, but at that time a toward repression. 'New details' disclosed on Korean incident large section of the union movement Another obstacle on this path is Information belatedly released by the Ford administration confirms affiliated to it and it gained a signifi­ reflected by the fact that at the very that the original "tree-cutting" incident in the Korean demilitarized cant working-class base. time it was moving to introduce police­ zone was a deliberate White House provocation. The Fine Gael-Labour coalition won state methods, the Dublin government Testifying before two House subcommittees September 1, Assistant the 1973 elections on a platform of felt obliged to press its case against Secretary of State Arthur W. Hummel, Jr., and Deputy Assistant "peace" and social-welfare reforms. Britain in the European Human Secretary of Defense Morton I. Abramowitz made public "many new Moreover, Fianna Fail had become Rights Court for using these very details," the Washington Post reported September 2. discredited among its traditional sup­ methods in the North. In particular, they "reported for the first time ... that the United porters. Thus, an antirepression movement States had been concerned in advance that the tree-trimming would The Labour party has played a in Ireland can prove exceptionally cause an incident." completely subordinate role in the powerful. At the same time, it is In fact, the Post report said, "North Korean guards twice warned a coalition, gaining little for the workers obvious that the stakes in the confron­ United Nations Command team against cutting the celebrated poplar who support it. tation over the state of emergency are tree in the Korean demilitarized zone.... The Labour party's association with extremely high, both for the workers "The first warning was 12 days before two U.S. officers were killed the repression of this regime can put in movement and for the bourgeoisie. near the tree and the second came minutes before the fatal attack." Editor of 'Marka' jailed in Peru there are important political factors Carlos Urrutia, editor of the Peruvian weekly newsmagazine Marka, that can turn such a confrontation into was arrested in Lima August 17 by the political police. As of August a dangerous gamble for Assad. 23, he had not been charged with any crime. In the first place, there is considera­ The arrest took place the same day that the Lima daily Expreso ... Lebanon ble confusion and mistrust in the published a letter by Urrutia answering the regime's attempt to justify ranks of the Syrian army over its role the recent shutdown of a number of independent publications, Continued from page 19 in Lebanon. including Marka. Before its suppression, Marka had been noted for its ars, has said that the struggle will not Until now, Assad has apparently extensive coverage of the plight of political prisoners. end until 'every Palestinian has been been successful in containing any In the letter Urrutia said, "The government has closed down twelve driven out of Lebanon.' At one of his disaffection among his troops in Le­ magazines, thrown into the streets hundreds of workers who lent their recent news conferences, he said it was banon. But what will happen if they s~rvices to those publications, almost bankrupted the news companies the duty of every Lebanese to kill at begin to take heavy casualties in a that depended on the sale of the now-banned magazines, and least one Palestinian." confrontation with the PLO? persecuted the journalists, including searching their homes-all for the The Palestinians have taken the Moreover, opposition to Assad's single crime of expressing their dissenting positions with regard to the brunt of the fighting in Lebanon-one policies in Lebanon has been reflected policies of the government." estimate in the August 22 New York closer to home. According to an August It is feared that Urrutia may be deported or jailed in the notorious El Times was that half of the dead in the 13 dispatch in the New York Times, Sepa prison in the Peruvian Amazon. Marka has issued an interna­ civil war have been Palestinian. Fol­ travelers coming to Beirut from Syria tional appeal, asking that messages demanding Urrutia's release be lowing the fall of Tel Zaatar, check­ "spoke of security problems, with at sent to President Francisco Morales Bermudez, Government House, points for the conscription of Palestini­ least one explosion heard in Damascus Lima, Peru. an fighters were set up in Saida and every night this week." Beirut. On August 28 the PLO called Economic strains in Syria are also Seoul condemns 18 dissidents for a general mobilization of all Pales­ growing as a result of Assad's adven­ Eighteen prominent South Korean dissidents, including former tinians between the ages of eighteen ture in Lebanon. The Iraqi regime has President Yun Po Sun and former presidential candidate Kim Dae and thirty. cut off the supply of petroleum to the Jung, were sentenced to harsh jail terms August 28. They were accused Will the Muslim-Palestinian-leftist Horns refinery, which provided Syria of rebellion for issuing a manifesto at an ecumenical mass March 1. coalition be able to withstand an all­ with all of its gasoline and much of its The manifesto called for the repeal of a 1975 decree that bans almost out attack if the Syrian forces are foreign exchange. The cost of main­ all expression of dissident views. This includes any criticism of the ordered into action by Assad? taining 20,000 troops and 450 tanks in 1972 constitution, which gives president Park Chung Hee dictatorial Militarily, especially in combination Lebanon has further weakened the powers and allows him to stay in office indefinitely. with the Lebanese rightists, Assad's Syrian economy. Shortages of basic The defendants-teachers, politicians, and religious figures­ forces clearly have the upper hand. But goods and inflation are increasing. received sentences of two to eight years. 22 Kremlin rooting for Ford Gus Hall, detente & '76 election By Steve Clark other government agencies. "Big business will win with Ford An article by CP leader Victor Perlo and they cannot lose with Carter," in the weekly World magazine this Communist party presidential candi­ summer offered the explanation that date Gus Hall said at a New York rally the government wants the SWP "built a while back. up as 'the leading lPft party.'" The CP is aiming salvos at both the Such slanders are not very convinc­ Democratic and Republican party ing, however, and the CP has had to nominees this fall. The Stalinists are respond to the SWP's independent, running their most ambitious presiden­ working-class campaigns by attempt­ tial campaign in several decades. ing to mount a more energetic electoral According to the September 9 Daily effort itself. · World, a CP newspaper, Hall and The pressure, however, has come not running mate Jarvis Tyner are already only from the SWP. The bankruptcy of on the ballot in more states than they the two capitalist parties has been were during their 1972 race. (The CP increasingly exposed by Vietnam, also ran a ticket in 1968. But it sat out Watergate, high prices, and unemploy­ the previous six presidential contests, ment. supporting the nominees of the Demo­ Sentiment for a break with the cratic party and-in 1948-the short­ Democrats and Republicans h~s in­ lived Progressive party.) creased in this country, even among The CP's stance toward the No­ the CP's own younger members. It is vember presidential election, however, particularly hard to sell candidates doesn't mean that it has abandoned its such as Gerald Ford, Nixon's hand­ nid Brezhnev. CP knows that its Kremlin mentors favor long tradition of backing capitalist picked successor, and Jimmy Carter, Ford in November election, just as they backed a Nixon victory in 1972. party candidates-especially Demo­ the advocate of "ethnic purity." crats. A previous Militant article docu­ 'Not convinced' mented the CP's current support to running mate-later dropped because Ford election-year advice in his effort Many of the CP's older members, on dozens of Democratic party candidates of ballot complications-was William to fend off Reagan's challenge. The the other hanc!., have been immersed in in elections to Congress and to state Clay Ford, a vice-president of Ford paper's associate editor Mike Zagarell the Democratic party so long that they and local offices. (Militant, July 30.) Motor Company and an heir to its wrote in May: "Ford differs from are either uncomfortable with or down­ In addition, the CP supported Fred fortune. And McCarthy's stated reason Reagan on one point: detente. But even right resistant to Communist party Harris and Morris Udall in the Demo­ for running is "to define and clarify here he has been unwilling to campaigns. cratic party primaries and favored the the functions of the various branches fight. . . . It is Ford himself who CP leader Gus Hall first drew atten­ defeat of Ronald Reagan in the Repub­ and agencies of government." eliminated the word 'detente' from his tion to this problem in a speech to the lican race. Hardly an inspiring alternative for vocabulary.... party's Central Committee in De­ The Daily World explained that working people! "In short, Ford has forfeited the cember 1972. "My guess is that 30 Harris and Udall "offered the most A relatively clear statement of where offensive in the primaries. The result is percent, maybe 40 percent, of Commu­ concrete approaches to curbing the the CP stands on this is in the main that he is unable to mobilize any­ nists did not vote for the Communist monopolies ...." resolution passed at the CP's 1975 body .... Ford moves to the right; the presidential ticket," Hall said. He convention. "There are some who more moderate Republicans tend to added that even Central Committee 'Antimonopoly' candidates? underestimate the movements for simply stay away." members were guilty on this score. By this, the CP meant that these two Black political independence and polit­ The CP knows very well that the ill-fated candidates spiced their rhetor­ ical independence generally," it says, Kremlin prefers a Ford victory this ic this spring with pledges to break up "because they take place largely with­ fall, just as it favored Nixon-the the oil corporations and patch up a tax in the Democratic party or within its "father" of detente-in 1972. Yet the loophole here and there. orbit." American Stalinists feel free to critic­ Such timeworn promises mean even So the CP's "antimonopoly" politics ize Ford-especially for backing away less today than they did fifty years ago today still mean primarily supporting from detente-because they also know during the Progressive movement, the "good" candidates of a monopoly that Moscow could easily live with when they were first used by capitalist party-the Democratic party. Carter. politicians like Theodore Roosevelt, An openly pro-Ford stance, of course, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Detente would be very costly for the CP in Wilson. The deciding factor for the Commu­ terms of the inevitable reaction among The entire U.S. economy is dominat­ nist party in labeling candidates its members, periphery, and the Ameri­ ed by a handful of giant banks and "progressive" is their attitued toward can workers as a whole. corporations; these in turn are owned detente with the Kremlin bureaucracy. and operated by an even tinier club of The CP's allegiance to Stalin's heirs Hall-Tyner campaign superrich ruling-class families. shapes its entire program. The CP If Reagan had walked off with the To imagine that this stranglehold defends Moscow's suppression of so­ Republican nomination in Kansas City can be broken by minor tinkering is cialist democracy in the Soviet Union last month, the CP would certainly totally unrealistic. Capitalism in and its use of revolutionary struggles have toned down its broaqsides HALL: Still worried that he may not twentieth-century America is monopo­ around the world as bargaining chips against Carter. Given a Ford-Carter carry his whole party in November ly capitalism. There is no "antimonop­ in diplomatic deals with Washington. contest, however, the Stalinists are voting. ' oly" section of the ruling class or of its The Kremlin bureaucrats long ago likely to take the opportunity to push two parties, the Democrats and Repub­ turned their backs on working-class their own Hall-Tyner campaign. licans. internationalism. They are not con­ There are several reasons why the The CP had been wrong, Hall said, Hall talks abou£ "antimonopoly" cerned about unemployment, inflation, CP would very much like to do so. in not running its own presidential politics to make it clear that he is not racism, or other problems affecting The success of Socialist Workers tickets between the early 1940s and talking about anticapitalist politics, working people in the United States. party election campaigns is one of the 1968. about an independent labor party, or Moscow's goal is simple: to preserve major factors pressuring the CP to run Apparently this malady is not easily about an independent Black or Chica­ detente at any price. The job of its own slate. The Stalinists have cured. In a speech to the CP's National no political party. At most Hall is Communist parties outside the Soviet historically portrayed the SWP as a Council last March, Hall returned to talking about some future realignment Union is to do what they can to foster small, insignificant sect-or even as a this theme. "The basic problem is that of liberal capitalist politicians into a _those capitalist politicians most friend­ capitalist-inspired operation to "split we have not politically convinced the more "progressive" capitalist party. ly to Moscow. and wreck" the radical movement. party," he said. "The root of the Accordingly, during last spring's Yet in 1968 the CP got on the ballot weakness is in the leading cadre." McCarthy campaign early primaries the American CP in only two states, while the SWP was "We must never revert back to the What the CP means by "antimonop­ centered its fire on the candidates it on the ballot in nineteen. Four years days of opportunistic abdication from oly party" has been clarified recently considered most antidetente: George later the CP made it in thirteen states; electoral struggle," Hall warned. by its friendly remarks about liberal Wallace and Henry Jackson in the but the SWP was on in twenty-three. This problem is made worse by the Democrat Eugene McCarthy's alleged­ Democratic party, Ronald Reagan in SWP campaigns have gotten wide- CP's continuing support for Democrats ly independent campaign for the pre­ the Republican. . spread publicity and won many sup­ at all levels of government. Gus Hall sidency. Until Jackson and Wallace were porters among radicalizing young sermonizes on the importance of CP The August 7 Daily World states clearly out of the running, the CP kept people. The SWP has also run many campaigns, but at the same time tells that "McCarthy represents a future its criticism of Jimmy Carter very low­ well-publicized campaigns for state CP members to ring doorbells for development for independence that key. A front-page article in the March and local office. liberal Democrats such as U.S. Rep. both parties fear." And Gus Hall told 18 Daily. World reported, "Ultra-right If all this is possible for a "small, Bella Abzug, Tom Hayden, Rep. John Chicago columnist Mike Klein that the forces in both the Democratic and insignificant sect," many of the CP's Conyers, and many others. McCarthy movement "is the embryo of Republican Parties received severe younger and more militant members The truth is that top Communist the force that will someday form a blows in Illinois in yesterday's prim­ most likely wondered, why can't their party leaders have not broken with the whole new broad coalition of people ary elections, as George Wallace and own party do as well? Democratic party or with capitalist and from which will come a new Ronald Reagan were swamped by Added to this pressure on CP leaders politics in general. And when-for independent political party." Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter and is the nationwide publicity and ac­ their own reasons-they try to whip up Whatever things McCarthy may be President Gerald Ford." claim the SWP has received as a result enthusiasm for an independent cam­ independent of, capitalist politics is The tone of other Daily World of its lawsuit against surveillance and paign, it is little wonder that they get certainly not one of them. His initial articles seemed to be offering President harassment by the FBI, CIA, and at best a lukewarm response.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 24, 1976 23 SWP national convention Puerto Rican ein the US. By Jose G. Perez Workers Organization. At its twenty-eighth national convention last The SWP's strategy for the Puerto Rican move­ month, the Socialist Workers party adopted a major ment stresses the need for independent action by resolution on the struggles of Puerto Ricans living working people against all aspects of capitalist in the United States. More than 1,650 people exploitation and oppression. attended the convention. This can take many forms-a rally for indepen­ "The Emerging Puerto Ric:;tn Struggle in the dence for Puerto Rico; a demonstration against United States and Its Perspectives" was the SWP's cutbacks and layoffs; a strike for higher wages or first resolution on this important movement. It better working conditions. summarizes the lessons socialists have drawn from One of the most important forms, Garza said, is participation in the Puerto Rican movement and the independent political action-a break with the perspectives they see for it. political machines of the oppressing class. Catarina Garza, an SWP leader for many years "As a first step in that process," he said, "we and the party's candidate for Congress in New propose that Puerto Rican groups run their own York's Eighteenth District, reported to the conven­ candidates for office independent of the Democrats tion on the resolution. or Republicans." Three events Self-determination Garza noted that three events since the resolution Another section of the resolution dealt with the was published last May confirmed its analysis of democratic right of oppressed peoples to self­ the Puerto Rican struggle. determination. The SWP has always supported "The most dramatic," he said, "was the march in Puerto Rico's right to independence, but the large Philadelphia on July Fourth. Tens of thousands of Puerto Rican migration to the United States after people marched to demand freedom for Puerto Rico, World War II has posed the problem in a new way. to demand a bicentennial without colonies." It is not clear whether the hulk of Puerto Ricans "The second event," Garza continued, "is that in the United States will decide to return to Puerto Hostos Community College in New York City's Rico when it achieves independence. So for Puerto South Bronx will be open in September." The city's Ricans, self-determination means not only the right board of higher education had planned to close the to independence for Puerto Rico. It also means the college, but repeated mobilizations by students and right to control their own affairs while living in the the Puerto Rican community forced a reversal of Catarino Garza reported to convention on 'The United States-both now and when Puerto Rico that decision. Hostos is the only bilingual college Emerging Puerto Rican Struggle in the U.S. and Its becomes independent. in the eastern United States. Perspectives.' The third event Garza pointed to was the strike Women by hospital workers in New York City. Some 40,000 The resolution also deals with the special oppres­ members of District 1199, National Union of Puerto Rican movement, the resolution points out, sion of Puerto Rican women; They are "oppressed Hospital and Health Care Employees, had just in real life "both struggles are woven together, and as part of the working class, as a national concluded a successful struggle for union recogni­ one cannot win without the victory of the other." minority, and as women," the resolution says. tion and a city-wide contract. The twofold oppression of the Puerto Rican During the convention discussion, Naomi Vega, "Puerto Ricans, as part of the working class, people, together with their concentration in major one of the delegates from New York's Lower East participated in the picket lines around these cities, gives their struggles a social impact dispro­ Side branch, proposed that several demands be hospitals and gave those lines, along with their portionate to their percentage of the U.S. population added to others listed at the end of the resolution. West Indian brothers and sisters ....a distinctly as a whole. Vega said that among the most important Caribbean flavor." In this sense, Puerto Ricans are like the larger demands around which Puerto Rican women have "In the first two events I mentioned," Garza said, Black and Chicano oppressed nationalities: their been fighting are child care, free abortion on "Puerto Ricans fought for their democratic rights. struggles have a combined character and have an demand, an end to forced sterilization, and equal In the third, they were fighting as part of a broader enormous impact on society as a whole. pay for equal work. working-class struggle. But in all three cases, the Because of this, the Socialist Workers party Garza told the delegates that the demands enemy is the same-the ruling rich of this country." believes that the coming American revolution will outlined by Vega would be included in the final The resolution explains that Puerto Ricans in the also have a combined character. It will be a version of the resolution. The resolution and United States suffer a double oppression. They are revolution both of the working class as a whole to Garza's report will be published soon. oppressed as a national minority and exploited as put an end to capitalist exploitation and of Garza ended his report by discussing the need for part of the working class. oppressed peoples to win control over their own a revolutionary multinational party in the United "Racial and language characteristics are utilized destiny and put an end to national oppression. by the capitalist ruling class to brand Puerto Ricans and restrict them to second-class status," the Strategy resolution states. This means that Puerto Ricans Garza's report also analyzed the different groups are among the most exploited workers in the United that are vying for leadership of the Puerto Rican States. masses. He assessed the solutions these groups offer Although there are two distinct aspects of the to the problems facing Puerto Ricans.· One of the major forces is the capitalist Democrat­ ic party. "Tqe illusions fostered by the ruling class about the system are still strong among the masses of Puerto Ricans," Garza said. Free political Uppermost among these illusions is that Ameri­ can capitalism is capable of ending the oppression of Puerto Ricans and that capitalist politicians in the Democratic and Republican parties are willing prisoners! to do that. Delegates Richie Ariza and Naomi Vega These illusions are fostered by the capitalist In his report to the Socialist Workers party politicians, the educational system, the media, the convention on the struggle of Puerto Ricans in church hierarchy, and the network of poverty States. He said the American capitalist class is the the United States, Catarina Garza said, "One of agencies in Puerto Rican communities, Garza said. most powerful, centralized, and ruthless ruling our elementary obligations is to mobilize opposi­ Richie Ariza, a delegate from Newark who was class the world has ever seen. Working people need tion to any U.S. government attempt to victimize elected to the SWP National Committee at the an equally powerful tool to defeat the capitalists. fighters for Puerto Rico's independence." convention, explained the role played by poverty Garza said the multinational party based on the Garza singled out the case of five members of agencies in Puerto Rican communities. model of Lenin's Bolsheviks is "the most advanced the Puerto Rican Nationalist party who have "They pretend to be the civil rights organizations form of organization the world working-class been in U.S. prisons since the early 1950s. of the Puerto Rican community," he said. "We don't movement has developed. The convention also voted to send a telegram have groups like the Congress of Racial Equality, "It must bring together the best fighters of all to Lureida Torres, a member of the Puerto Rican the NAACP, a lot of elected officials, or church­ movements of the oppressed," he continued, "and Socialist party who was imprisoned last June. related groups. So the poverty agencies come to the weld them together into one team. That team will Torres had refused to cooperate with a grand jury fore." combine all the struggles and lead them to victory carrying out a fishing expedition against her Garza said the function of these agencies is to and a successful socialist revolution." party. "buy off developing militants and potential "That's the kind of party the SWP is assembling," "The use of imprisonment to punish fighters leaders-to divert their efforts and energies into Garza concluded. for freedom is just one of the weapons of Yankee channels the capitalists and their government can In addition to discussing the resolution and imperialism," the message said. control." report, delegates heard greetings from the Interna­ "We know that you are aware of it, and we Garza and several delegates also discussed the tionalist Workers League, the party's sister organi­ salute your courage and determination to fight role of various working-class tendencies in the zation in Puerto Rico. There was also a workshop for Puerto Rico's independence. We look forward Puerto Rican movement, including the Communist where party members involved in the Puerto Rican to joining with you on the field of battle and we party, the Puerto Rican Socialist party, and Maoist struggle discussed how to put the resolution into pledge our efforts to obtain your earliest release." groups such as the Puerto Rican Revolutionary practice.

24 By Steve Clark the socialists she met. "I didn't Evelyn Casellas had seen realize that there was that kind of members of the Socialist Workers strength," she said. party petitioning to get on the Carrie didn't join the YSA or ballot on the street corner near SWP. But she was interested in where she lives. Who's joining "getting involved, and I thought So last spring, when she decided this would be an opportunity to get it was time to become active in involved. politics, she picked up her phone, "I think that there are a lot of called the operator, and asked for viewpoints here and I can learn the number of the SWP. what's going on-what people are Evelyn is Puerto Rican. She is theSWP? thinking about." twenty-nine, lives in the Bronx, and has three children. Right now Smack dab above the podium at the August Socialist Workers party convention In Ohio was a large Terry Oehler looks like a suc­ she is worried about finding a job banner proclaiming: "Our party Is your party ... Join the SWPI" cessful young lawyer. He is. for herself and decent child-care And before the week-long convention was over, more than thirty people had done Just that. Raised in a conservative Republi­ facilities for her children. Another 104 convention participants had only recently Joined the SWP, and nearly 300 were can home, Terry went to Harvard A friend of hers-a social attending their first party convention. on a scholarship, then attended worker-told Evelyn not to join the The Militant spoke to a number of these people during the convention: new members; people who Stanford Law School. He got a job SWP. "He told me, 'Evelyn, you decided to Join the SWP at the convention; and people who are seriously thinking about it. with a big law firm in Phoenix but was restless. He went to Europe. have enough problems of your Below are some of the things they had to say about themselves, about the convention, and about the There he was employed, as a own. You can't solve the problems SWP. civilian, by the U.S. Army, to of the world too.' defend soldiers at "But I told him I was concerned desegregation in Boston broke out, emerged as an influential current Five weeks before the conven­ courts-martial. about all the peoples of the world. they didn't support it. They not at Merritt. And at first, Sandy tion, they did. Most of hi And I was going to help them solve only criticized the way the SWP said, he was somewhat reluctant to "It's interesting that I'm not the their problems-along with my campaigned in support of busing, speak out about his Trotskyist only parent of an SWP member own-by making a socialist revolu­ they began to criticize busing it­ leanings. joining," she said. "The different tion." self." Since then, Sandy has changed kinds of people in the SWP shows Did she like the SWP conven­ Mark teaches at the University his mind. "I have a Maoist friend how far-reaching the ideas of tion? "I feel like I've found a of Pittsburgh and at Allegheny in the Black Student Union," he socialism are becoming in this home," she said. "I like it and I'm Community College. He is on the said. "When somebody says some­ country." exposure to going to stay." executive board of his American thing he doesn't like, he calls them calism. "I'd always thought that if you Federation of Teachers local and a Trotskyist. Gloria Cueva joined the Young After Terry re- '· . elected the right Democrat, things sits on Pittsburgh's Central Labor "I used to back off. But now I Socialist Alliance last march. Then turned to the Uni­ would change," said twenty-five­ Council. say, 'Thank you.'" the Socialist Workers party in July. ted States, he came to the conclu­ Mark is still very concerned year-old Brigid Douglas. Kara Obradovic, twenty-two, is When Gloria joined the YSA, she sion that the capitalist economic about the issue of busing. Along Late last spring she began to see also a member of the Black Stu­ was studying anthropology at the system wasn't working-that with other AFT members around that this just dent Union at Merritt College. She University of California in San Blacks and other minorities were the country, he is working to put wasn't true. So used to be a leading mem her of the Diego, where she is active in the the victims of racist discrim'.na­ the AFT squarely on record for she joined Maoist February First Movement Chicano and women's movements. tion. He· read about the SWP ,n a busing. Young Socialist (FFM). "When I was in high school I magazine article and sent away for Mark is impressed by the demo­ Alliance. Last July, however, Kara joined worked for the United Farm Work­ a copy of the Militant. cratic nature of the SWP. "There Brigid-a the Young Socialist Alliance. And ers for the summer for five dollars "I found that the SWP's ideas isn't any campaign to intimidate welfare case work­ at the convention, she decided to a week," Gloria said. She was also agreed with my own," he said. He people who have questions or er in Detroit-is join the.SWP. active in the high school Chicano joined in March 1976, just before disagreements as there was in the now an English "With the FFM," she said, "you student group and helped get some . the petitioning drive to put Peter Workers League," he said. major at Wayne got the feeling you were one of the Chicano studies classes going at Camejo and Willie Mae Reid on the He was also impressed by the Arizona ballot. Terry helped with State University. few revolutionaries in the world. It her school. "professionalism of the arrange­ Through one of her classmates was a feeling of isolation. Since that time, Gloria has the complicated legal work Arizona ments" at the convention. "I deve­ there, she found out about the "But the SWP is different. We're worked as a telephone operator, requires to put the socialists on the loped a lot more confidence in the ballot. Detroit Student Coalition Ag~inst always reaching out to new move­ waitress, and at other jobs. SWP from what I've seen here," he Racism. Some SCAR activists were ments, to other groups. It's not the Why did she join the YSA and Terry was impressed by the said. convention. "I'm looking forward YSA members, and that's where snobbishness, the sectarianism, of SWP? to my next one," he said. she first bumped into the socialist Twenty-seven-year-old Sandy the Maoists." "Especially important for me," she said, "was their support to the movement. Porter has considered himself a The Maoists also "ruled people Six or seven years ago, Lu Chicano, Black, and women's Brigid went to the national Trotskyist since 1972. He first met with an iron hand," she said. "The Robbins was a student at the movements." demonstration for the Equal members of the Young Socialist democracy in this party is . . . State University of New York at Rights Amendment in Springfield, Alliance when he was president of well, it's heartwarming. "I !lm old enough to vote, but Binghamton. She worked with the Illinois, last May. "I thought it was the Black Student "It's a new thing for me to make don't know whether I am going to campus YSA chapter and support­ terrific," she said. "I went there Union at Merritt decisions and have them cou]lt. My vote yet," said Carrie DiLoren­ ed tlw SWP. enthusiastic, and my enthusiasm College in Oak­ opinion matters. zo, who worked in the dining hall But Lu didn't join the SWP until increasPd because of the size and land, California. "~ow, it's great!" where convention participants ate this summer-on the other side of spirit of the crowd." But Sandy their meals. the country, Oakland, California. What did Brigid think of the didn't JOlll the Joyce Rankin's daughter has Carrie said that she considered It took some years "away from convention? SWP until last : been a member of the SWP for herself an "independent" political­ politics," she said, to realize that "It's impressive-very informa­ March. For a long · nearly seven years. And her sister ly, hut is "biased toward the Demo­ "it's impossible to deal with the tive. It convinced· me that I should time, he said, ''r' had been a member during the crats." problems people face solely on an join the SWP." didn't want to say . 1960s. "I don't want to commit myself individual level." Frank, we'll call him, didn't I was a Marxist, "I guess I was just waiting for a to a party before I know what it's Lu is impressed by the SWP's want his name or picture used in because Marx was party branch to be established in about," she said. honesty. "It's a party that admits the ·Militant, because "the screws a white dude." Baltimore," she said. When that That's why she decided to regis­ its mistakes, but grows from them. would be on me in my union." When some prominent Black happened early this year, Joyce ter for the SWP convention toward You have the feeling that you're leaders began to discuss Marxist and her husband began to think the end of the gathering. Carrie not out of step-that you're part of Frank-a merchant seaman­ ideas a few years ago, Maoism about joining. was "intrigued" by the "poise" of a growing movement." isn't a member of the SWP. But he had become interested in the party a few years back after some disillu­ sioning experiences with the Com­ munist party. For a while, howev­ er, Frank dropped out of political activity altogether. Why not But "a lot of issues are coming up in my union, a lot of class issues are cropping up," he said. "And it you? got me interested in the party again." You've been reading Frank said that he was "really about some of the peoplt impressed by thf' amount of trade­ that are joining the Social­ union work" SWP members are ist Workers party. If you participating in. "That's really like the ideas you find in encouraging to me-seeing the the 'Militant,' you should strength of the party." think about joining too. Until about a year ago, Mark Fill out the coupon below McColloch, twenty-eight, was a and mail it today. member of a small, very sectarian political group called the Workers D I want to join the SWP. League. D Send me more informa­ But he quit. And last July he tion. became a member of the Socialist Workers party. Name Why'? Address "The Workers League didn't get involved in mass struggles," he City ______State said. Zip "For example, I had always been really strongly for busing. The Telephone Workers League used to at least have a position op. paper in support SWP, 14 Charles Lane, New of busing. York, New York 10014. "But when the real struggle over Banner over convention entrance Militant/Lou Howort

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 24, 1976 25 Chicag.QJY.nch mobs In Review Blacks -discuss how to fight racist attacks El Movimiento Chicano El Movimiento Chicano by Los people, We declare our native A/varados-Manue/, Emilia y land .... And our nation is Aztlan." Ramon. /nfal Records. $5.00. "The Road to Guanajuato" is a beautiful song from the revolutionary This is the month of "el dieciseis de period. "The value of life in terms of septiembre/September 16"-a day with money is worthless, And a worthless special significance for Chicanos. It life has no value," the words say. ties us to our past, our roots in Mexico, "That is why on this earth our lives and to our future as Chicanos. are of no value." One of the things that has occurred "Oh Mother!" is a song in which a with the development of the Chicano daughter recounts her experiences as movement is a cultural reawakening­ an adult in dealing with the gringo. Militant/Charles Ostrofsky the realization that we, Chicanos, have She says to her mother, "How well I March into racist areas? Ban the Klan? March on city hall? Militant Forum hears a distinct culture, one that we must remember those days ... when you varying viewpoints. renew and defend. would speak seriously of justice and One of the first examples of our liberty.... Though I try to be strong By Jean Lawrence Militant Forum. A panel of five Blacks cultural resurgence is a record made in as our men are I know I'm through and Randi Lawrence expressed their views on what to do. Denver, Colorado, by Chicano with this white man and . he will no CHICAGO-Housing in Chicago is Rev. AI. Dunlap, leader of the activists-"Los Alvarados." The re­ longer see me cry." the most segregated of any major city Martin Luther King, Jr., Movement, cord, "El Movimiento Chicano," is a "Luis 'Junior' Martinez" is dedicated in this country, according to a U.S. stressed that the marches into Mar­ tribute to the Chicano movement-for to the memory of a Chicano activist Civil Rights Commission survey in quette Park must continue. He empha­ what it has been, for what it is, and for murdered by Denver police during a 1975. And attempts to change that sized the need for the city to uphold the what it will be. vicious attack on the Crusade for situation in 1976 have been big news rights of the marchers and criticized Justice's Escuela Tlatelolco on March here. the city government for not granting a 17, 1973. Efforts by Blacks to push for equali­ permit for the last march on August The song ends, "As we call the spirit ty have been met with vicious assaults 21. That march of about 200 was Records of Martinez to continue with us in the by racists-from city hall all the way stopped by police before it reached Revolution." down to white thugs on the street. Marquette Park. This record manages to capture the One of the most impressive cuts on The primary issue, as in past years, Dunlap also supported the idea of essence of Aztlan in song. It gives the the album is "Tlatelolco's Graduation is the right of Black citizens to use marching on city hall, suggested by listener the spirit of what the Chicano Song," done to the tune of the "Marcha Marquette Park and to live in the Andrew Pulley, Socialist Workers par­ struggle is-people on the move Zacatecas." This song in style and predominantly white Chicago Lawn ty candidate for Congress in the First against their oppressors. word epitomizes what it is to struggle community bordering the park. Congressional District. The songs, which come from various in the Chicano movement. Reported attacks on the persons and Pulley said that "the city govern­ periods of Mexican and Chicano histo­ The long struggle of the farm work­ homes of Black residents number in ment is responsible for the racist ry, make up an album of beauty. ers is recognized in "The Ballad of the eighties this year alone. violence" and that attention must be This record is made for people of all Delano." Typical is the case of John Newbern, focused on the city for its inaction. He ages. From the young activist to the All of these songs are done in an a Black homeowner in Chicago Lawn. proposed that the Black movement call viejito. indigenous style-the corrido style-of He was recently beaten and chased for federal troops to Chicago Lawn to Included on this album is "Yo Soy telling history through singing. Each several blocks to . his home after he protect Black people who live there, as Chicano," the national anthem of succeeds in giving the listener a spirit tried to rescue another Black person troops were summoned in the 60's to Aztlan, which translated means "I Am of pride. from racist attackers. Then police protect civil rights demonstrators in Chicano." The song describes our I highly recommend this album to arrested him for firing shots into the the South. history: "I am Chicano, I have color, anyone who wishes a short history air to ward off his attackers. Pulley aimed his fire also at the pure Chicano. . . . When they tell me lesson on Chicanos that is pleasant to A segregationist housing plan federal government. "The U.S. govern­ there is revolution I defend my people listen to. has been proposed by the Southwest ment says it flies over Korea to 'protect with great valor." Unfortunately, you are not ,likely to Parish and Neighborhood Federation. democracy,' but it has not provided Other songs are "The Ballad of be able to get this album at your local It is supported by Mayor Richard troops to defend the democratic rights Aztlan," a short history of where record store since distribution is limit­ Daley. Th~ plan calls for tearing down of Black citizens at home," he said. Chicanos are in the United States. "We ed. But you can order a copy directly 1,200 homes along the edge of the The idea of calling for a ban on the are living sons of Zapata," it says, "We from Escuela Tlatelolco, 1567 Downing Black West Englewood community, Nazi party was raised during the are the life and soul of our race. . .. Street, Denver, Colorado 80218. The which borders Chicago Lawn. in their discussion period. Cecil Lampkin, We will struggle and endure for Aztlan, price is $5.00. All proceeds go to help place would be built middle- and high­ Chicago coordinator of the Student As we protect our native land. support the school. . income high-rises to create a buffer Coalition Against Racism (SCAR), This final word comes from all our -Alberto Valdivia zone between the Black community explained that banning such organiza­ and Chicago Lawn. tions woulq not end the violence. He said, "When 5,000 racists, only a Other incidents few of whom are Nazi party members, There have been other incidents. turn out to throw rocks at 200 Kenneth Mickell was nearly blinded marchers, banning the Nazis is not a and required surgery after being bru­ serious solution. What is needed is tally beaten August 21 while riding his arrest and conviction of every individ­ bicycle in Mayor Daley's own Bridge­ ual who takes part in racist attacks port neighborhood. upon Black people." Reports have surfaced of Black Pulley added that calling for a ban steelworkers being stoned and at­ on groups like the Nazis can also give tacked on their way to work while the city an excuse to turn around and passing through white communities on outlaw Black organizations any time Chicago's south side. . they see fit. Black leaders have given a variety of Attorney E. Duke McNeil, a longtime responses to the problem of racist Black civil rights spokesperson, blast­ violence and segregation. ed Mayor Daley's support to the buffer­ The most active organization has zone plan. been the Martin Luther King, Jr., Rev. Edward Sparks, a leader of the Movement. It has led several small Concerned Black Fathers, a national marches into and near the Marquette organization linking Black ministers Park area. These actions have kept the and churches, also addressed the issue of open housing in the forefront meeting. of the news. They have been met by violent mobs of racists, including some NAACP Nazi and Ku Klux Klan members. The NAACP is now attempting to Organizations such as the NAACP, organize a broadly supported response National Urban League, and Opera­ to the racist violence. It has initiated tion PUSH have supported the right to discussions with organizations, in­ march into Marquette Park but now cluding the Urban League and PUSH, have suggested moratoriums on such about projecting a "conference picnic" actions. They have proposed instead in Marquette Park. meetings between leaders of the Black In a recent statement, Carl Fuqua, and white communities. Still others executive director of the Chicago Militant/John Gray have called for banning of racist branch of the NAACP, said the picnic groups such as the Klan and the Nazis. was to "get a cross section of the Some of these views were heard at a community and to bring forth some meeting August 28 sponsored by the viable solutions."

26 Cantu convicted of shielding ~aliens' By David Salner picketing a banquet for Echeverria, SAN ANTONIO-Chicano activist demanding an end to repression in S.D. cab Mario Cantu was convicted here Sep­ Mexico. tember 9 of shielding "illegal aliens." The persecution of Cantu has drawn The jury found Cantu guilty on all an outraged response from the Chica­ three counts of a federal indictment. no community and civil libertarians. drivers He faces a maximum of fifteen years in Some 1,500 people attended an August prison. Cantu says he will appeal. He 29 rally in his defense. remains free on $5,000 bond pending Speakers included Franklin Garcia, win wide sentencing. international representative of the Cantu's lawyer, Pete Torres, argued Amalgamated Meat Cutters; William at the trial that the government was Kunstler, the noted civil liberties prosecuting Cantu because he refused attorney; Tom Keene of the Committee strike to let Immigration and N aturaliza.tion to Reopen the Rosenberg Case; Clyde Service cops enter his restaurant until Bellecourt and Philip Deere of the they obtained a warrant. American Indian Movement; Ernesto support Government witnesses testified at Chacon of the Latin American Civil By Mark Taylor the trial that Cantu urged several of Rights Project in Milwaukee; Corky and Mike McGraw his employees to leave the restaurant Gonzales, leader of the Denver Cru­ SAN DIEGO-Cab drivers here have while INS cops were getting the war­ sade for Justice; Bishop Patrick Flores been forced to go on strike by company rant. of the San Antonio Catholic Archdio­ attempts to roll back union protection Both government and defense wit­ cese; and Antonio Orendain, head of and freeze wages. nesses agreed that Cantu did not tell the Texas Farm Workers Union. The Cab Drivers Union, affiliated the workers to lie, hide, or disguise The rally also received messages with the Seafarers International themselves. Some workers were arrest­ from Cesar Chavez, president of the Union, struck August 26 after San ed for being "illegal aliens" upon United Farm Workers; Peter Camejo, Diego Yell ow Cabs, Inc., refused to leaving the restaurant. Socialist Workers party candidate for extend contract coverage beyond the The prosecution never specified what president; and the Raza Unida party of expiration date. actions by Cantu constituted shielding, Wisconsin. Yell ow Cab, owned by the wealthy adding that the word shielding just Garcia told the rally, "In the society San Diego Westgate-Hilton Corpora­ meant generally to protect or defend. in which we exist, it is the responsibili­ tion, is demanding an open shop and Cantu's lawyer argued that to shield MARIO CANTU ty of the unions to be in the forefront of watered-down grievance procedures. It meant to hide, and that the charge was all struggles-for Blacks, Chicanos, also insists that nearly 90 percent of a unconstitutionally vague. "A person and women." new rate hike go to the company, thus charged should know what the crimi­ Ernesto Chacon stressed that Can­ eliminating the possibility of a raise nal activity he is charged with is," said issued last January in Mexico. Later tu's case is of national importance. for the 550 union drivers, who work on Torres. articles said Cantu might be extradit­ "The same abuses that you have here a commission basis. In addition, in pretrial motions ed. in San Antonio we have in Milwaukee The union is seeking to retain Torres argued that Cantu was the Cantu denies the charges, saying it and throughout the Midwest," he said. present contract terms and win modest victim of politically inspired selective is an attempt to muzzle his criticisms Bishop Flores hit on the historic improvements in paid holidays, sick prosecution. The judge refused to even of the Mexican government. "The injustice represented by the charges leave, and benefits. To help win over consider evidence regarding this. charges have been made to tarnish my against Cantu and the whole witch­ the many new drivers hired just before The September 10 San Antonio reputation and create fear," Cantu told hunt against undocumented workers. the strike, the union also demands that Express reported the verdict under a the Militant. "Who are the real mojados [wet­ employees qualify for benefits after six page one headline: "Cantu convicted; Three days before the newspaper backs]?" Flores asked. months instead of the current eighteen wanted in Mexico." story Mexican President Luis Echever­ "Those who came across the Rio months. The article reported on a warrant for ria personally assaulted Cantu in San Grande-or those who came across the Cab Drivers Union president Mi­ Cantu's arrest on gun-running charges Antonio. Cantu had been peacefully Atlantic?" chael Spadacini told the Militant that drivers are the lowest-paid service workers in the city, averaging less than four dollars an hour including tips. Congress hears Baraheni rip shah To minimize company income and By Peter Seidman while engineers are rotting in jails! "The Congress and the executive reduce the effect of scabbing, union "Thousands of men and women have The number and extent of my govern­ should act to prohibit all military and drivers have started "courtesy cars." been summarily executed during the ment's crimes against its people have economic aid and trade with Iran These cars cover all major taxi stands, last twenty-three years. More than no end." while it tyrannizes and tortures at offering free rides and accepting dona-· :300,000 people have been in and out of Baraheni testified that there have home and threatens life abroad. Ameri­ tions to the strike fund. The courtesy. prison during the last nineteen years been threats against his life since he ca's friends must be those nations that drivers help publicize union demands of the existence of SA V AK; an average began speaking out in the United respect the fundamental human rights and bring in much-needed income for of 1,1100 people are arrested every States in defense of Iranian political of all people." all striking members. month." prisoners. He protested the failure of The drivers union leadership has The noted Iranian dissident poet the U.S. government to take action to Alfred Atherton, assistant secretary enlisted the support of other unions as Reza Baraheni presented these facts defend his rights after reports that for Near Eastern and South Asian well. Teamster-organized dispatchers and more on the use of repression and special SAV AK assassination squads Affairs, also testified at the hearings. and mechanics have walked out in torture by SA V AK, the secret-police have been dispatched to the United Atherton said that he assumed that support.· The United Farm Workers, agency of the shah of Iran, at a States to eliminate opponents of the Iranian security agents were keeping Retail Clerks, Meatcutters, and Meat­ September H hearing on the violation shah's regime. watch on Iranian students in the packers have all sent pickets to the of human rights in Iran. The hearing United States. He said their function lines. was conducted by the Subcommittee on Baraheni quoted remarks by former was to guard the shah's regime In a reciprocal show of solidarity, International Organizations of the U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark against potential terrorists. the Cab Drivers Union has pledged to U.S. Congress. protesting the threatened use of squads A complete copy of Baraheni's tes­ support the UFW-sponsored ballot Baraheni himself has been a victim of SAVAK thugs from Iran: timony is available for $.75 from the Proposition 14, which would guarantee of the shah's torture chambers. He was "A single death threat cannot be Committee for Artistic and Intellectual secret-ballot union-representation elec­ arrested in September 1973 and held in tolerated for the desire of profit from Freedom in Iran, 853 Broadway, Suite tions for California farm workers. the Comite prison for 102 days. fifty billion dollars in trade. 414, New York, New York 10003. "This union supports the farm workers "On the second day of my arrest," in everything they do," Spadacini Baraheni told the subcommittee, his declared. torture "consisted of seventy-five blows Yellow Cab convinced well-known with a plaited wire whip at the soles of antilabor ,Judge Jack Levitt to limit the my feet. I was whipped on my hands Iranian arts festival boycott "Art, • politics and torture ham and his entire dance com­ number of union pickets-a tactic that as well, and the head torturer took the chambers," a major article by pany; British director Peter Brook; has broken several recent strikes in small finger of my left hand and broke Victor Navasky in the August 15 American director Robert Wilson; this city. More legal moves against the it, saying that he was going to break New York Times Magazine, report­ and Polish experimental theater highly successful courtesy car tactic my fingers one by one, one each day. ed on a boycott of the Shiraz art director ,Jerzy Grotowski. are expected. Then I was told that, if I didn't festival in Iran. "Eric Bentley, Several prominent figures in Union spirit remains high, however. confess, my wife and thirteen-year-old playwright and critic, calls on his Britain, where the Bertrand Russell "I want to point out that when Yellow daughter would be raped in front of my colleagues in theater and music to Peace Foundation has been publi­ Cab forced us into this strike they eyes. All this time I was being beaten boycott next week's prestigious cizing the boycott, also endorsed intended to break the union," Spadaci­ from head to toe." Shiraz festival as a protest against the campaign. Among them are ni told the Militant. But with Yellow Baraheni linked these barbaric repression In Iran," N avasky Albert Hunt, John Berger, Trevor Cab unable to recruit enough scab practices to the undemocratic rule of wrote. Griffiths, and Margaretta D'Arcy. drivers to run its fleet, the company the shah, which has won for his Response to the call to boycott may yet be forced to the bargaining rpgime bitter opposition from the the festival, a public relations Bentley made the initial appeal table. Iranian masses. "Imagine 100,000 extravaganza sponsored by the for the boycott February 26 at a educated men and women in prison shah, was prompt and favorable. forum sponsored. by the Committee while 7:) percent of the whole nation is Among several internationally for Artistic and Intellectual Free­ illiterate! Imagine hundreds of doctors recognized cultural figures who dom in iran (CAIFI). CAIFI has in prison when every fifty villages in turned down their invitations were been on a major ~ampaign to the country have only one doctor! American dancer Merce Cunning- publicize the boycott. Imagine roads awaiting construction

THE MILfTANT/SEPl'EMBER 24, 1976 27 Education camggign needed Socialists hit U.S. role in southern Africa [The following statement was Democratic presidential candidate undercut domestic opposition to Wa­ released September 14 by Peter Jimmy Carter offers no alternative to shington's racist policies. Panels, fo­ Camejo and Willie Mae Reid, this Ford-Kissinger policy. Both the rums, picket lines, and teach-ins are presidential and vice-presidential Democrats and Republicans are trying crucial steps toward mobilizing a candidates of the Socialist to make the U.S. rescue operation in broad and united movement against Workers party.] southern Africa a non-issue in this U.S. policy in southern Africa. campaign. We should reach out to Black student But for working people, opposition to organizations, NAACP branches, the Growing protests by South African U.S. support for the racist regimes in Coalition of Black Trade Unionists, students and working people against Africa is a central issue. chapters of the National Student the racist apartheid regime have fueled We cannot successfully struggle Coalition Against Racism, church worldwide revulsion with the white against racist policies here at home groups, and other campus, community, minority regimes throughout southern without actively opposing those same and labor organizations to get such an Africa. policies overseas. educational effort under way. In the wake of these struggles-and We cannot successfully defend our following Washington's setback in own jobs and living standard from The American people should de- Angola-Ford and Kissinger are now attacks by U.S. corporations without mand: claiming they have a "new" Africa supporting struggles by our African "No U.S. political, economic, and policy. brothers and sisters against starvation military support to South Africa!" Washington says it is seeking a wages paid by overseas branches of "No U.S. trade with South Africa!" gradual shift to Black majority rule in these same companies. "Free all South African political Zimbabwe (Rhodesia), Namibia prisoners!" (South-West Africa), and South Kissinger is trying to persuade We should demand that U.S. corpo­ Africa itself. In reality, this is just Americans-particularly Afro­ rations open their books to reveal the rhetoric. Americans-that Washington has full extent of their secret investments Kissinger is seeking to buy time in developed a more humane Africa in southern Africa. hopes of finding a way to defeat or WILLIE MAE REID policy. He is seeking to win support And we should demonstrate for these divert the revolutionary thrust of the among such organizations as the demands not only at outposts of the Black liberation struggle in Africa. His NAACP, Operation PUSH, and the apartheid regime in this country, but sole concern is to protect imperialist minority governments, the U.S. gov­ Urban League. at U.S. government office buildings as interests in that part of the world. ernment will no more side with the We urge our supporters to help well. Because it is Washington that In the coming showdown between struggle for Black rights than it does launch an educational effort to expose remains the major prop upholding the African masses and the racist in Boston. this cynical maneuver, which aims to white minority rule today. Kissinger trip to boost apartheid regime By Ernest Harsch the massive ferment in South Africa ist economic holdings in the mineral- imperialist interests and collaborate From Intercontinental Press itself. Washington has an important rich territory. with the apartheid regime. When Secretary of State Kissinger stake in the preservation of the a par- The Vorster regime has so far In order to win the cooperation of the emerged on September 6 from three theid regime. excluded the South West Africa Peo- Rhodesian white settlers, Washington, days of talks in Zurich with South U.S. corporations have more than pie's Organisation (SWAPO), the main London, and Pretoria have outlined a African Prime Minister John Vorster, $1.5 billion invested in South Africa Namibian nationalist group, from the program to guarantee white "minority he refused to disclose any details of and realize a profit rate there among "constitutional" talks being held in rights" and to financially underwrite their discussions on the mounting the highest in the world. South Africa, Namibia. Because of that, Washington some of the economic losses the settlers social conflicts in southern Africa. He moreover, produces about 60 percent of fears that the South African scheme may face. simply stated that the negotiations the capitalist world's gold supply and may fail. While terming the announce- Kissinger, through his "shuttle diplo- had been "fruitful." Vorster character- occupies a strategic position overlook- ment a "step in the right direction," macy," hopes to enlist greater collabo- ized them as "successful." ing the vital shipping route around the the State Department has counseled ration in these efforts from the Black When a key representative of Ameri- Cape of Good Hope. The apartheid Pretoria to try to win SWAPO's cooper- neocolonial regimes bordering Zim- can imperialism and the head of the regime also serves as a bastion of ation in this neocolonial maneuver. babwe and Namibia. These regimes racist apartheid regime hold secret imperialist rule on the African conti- have already shown their willingness talks-and are pleased with the nent. Vorster, at a September 5 news to press the Zimbabwean and Namibi- results-it should be a clear warning to A few days before leaving for Zurich, conference in Zurich, took a step in an nationalist organizations to com- all supporters of the African freedom Kissinger declared that there had been that direction, referring to SW APO for promise. struggle. Pretoria and Washington, a "major breakthrough" in Namibia. the first time as "one of the political When it was announced September which have maintained an alliance for He was referring to an August 18 parties in South-West Africa [Nami- 10 that Kissinger also planned to visit many years, are now coordinating statement by South African officials bia]." South Africa itself, South African their efforts more closely than before to and Namibian tribal chiefs announc- In Zimbabwe, the imperialists are officials reacted with delight. Accord- save white supremacy in South Africa. ing plans for a "multiracial" govern- seeking to end the escalating guerrilla ing to a New York Times dispatch Although Kissinger indicated before ment leading to formal independence warfare and head off a major uprising from Johannesburg the same day, they the talks that the main items on the by the end of 1978. Pretoria has made by imposing a negotiated settlement "believe the visit may strengthen their agenda would be Namibia and Zim- it clear, however, that it will do on the Zimbabwean masses. Their aim country's deteriorating international babwe, the major concern of American everything it can to safeguard the is to establish a Black government- position even if it does not lead to imperialism, which now underlies all privileged position of the white settlers after a "transitional" period of a few settlements of the conflicts in Rhodesia its policies toward southern Africa, is and maintain the significant imperial- years-that would be willing to protect and South-West Africa." ... white regime steps up repression in S. Africa Continued from back page Some of the students talked of a continu­ concessions would allow Coloureds million Africans full civil rights. This shattered the illusions held by whites ing wave of protests. Some thought that and Asians to set up businesses would be the end of the cheap, highly that the Coloureds would not unify labor action such as strikes, which are outside Coloured areas and to serve as disciplined nonwhite labor that has with Africans. "The most astounding illegal in this country, might develop. None trade-union officials. In addition, Co­ created big profits for the apartheid thing for us here," the columnist told talked openly of armed struggle. A few called themselves socialists but in a style loureds would no longer be required to imperialists and their friends in coun­ Kaufman, "has been to watch colored they drew much more from the United use separate bathrooms and waiting tries like Britain, West Germany, the and black youths standing together, States civil rights movement than from any rooms in public buildings. United States, and Japan. saying exactly the same thing." African liberation struggle. A Reuters dispatch from Cape Town Civil rights for Blacks and Coloureds A young Coloured woman told the When asked which revolutionary figures reported, "Sources in the colored com­ would open the way for the masses to Times correspondent, "A few years they most admired, most mentioned Mal­ munity called the measures a step in launch an even more massive struggle ago, I think, most coloreds wanted colm X and Martin Luther King. None the right direction, but said that they against national oppression and eco­ very much to be like whites. Our people mentioned Samora Machel or Kwame fell far short of demands for full civil nomic exploitation. had small advantages over the blacks Nkrumah. Quite a few noted the influence rights." The regime also made clear its of Adam Small, a mild~mannered colored and we were easily led into rejecting The apartheid regime will never give intentions through continuing arrests poet . . . whose works in Afrikaans and our black patrimony." the 2.3 million Coloureds or the 18 of African, Coloured, and Indian Now there is a mood of solidarity English speak to the students of finding their African roots. A few of the students activists. The London Times reported with Africans. The woman said, "We are beginning to wear Afro haircuts. September 9 that more than 260 know we are all the victims of a system *The Coloured Representative Council is a persons are now in custody under a largely powerless body composed of elected that must change and that is our only special preventive-detention law, and demand, an immediate end to inequali­ and government-appointed delegates. It On September 10, Marais Viljoen, supposedly has the power to govern the that 600 are believed to be in custody ty." president of the South African Senate, Coloured community. In reality the coun­ on specific charges stemming from the Kaufman described the political announced a series of concessions at a cil's decisions can be, and usually are, protests. Other reports put the number ideas of ·Coloured students he inter­ meeting of the Coloured Representa­ overridden by the white minister of Co­ arrested since the Soweto rebellion in viewed: tive Council* in Cape Town. The loured affairs. June at several thousand.

28 ~Y.off for Shanker's strategY. NYC schools open minus 5,000 teachers By Lou Howort As a result of Shanker's strategy, our and Judy Kleinberg union has been seriously weakened. NEW YORK-Students returned to We are now being presented with the

school in this city September 13 with NIWSPAPIJI Vol XVIII. No. I • SEPTUIHI S, tt76 choice of giving up salary increases to 5,000 fewer teachers in the classrooms avert more layoffs-or taking the than there were last June. meager pay increases with the ensuing In August, 3,700 teachers received loss of jobs. their pink slips. More. than 1,000 Official Publication of THE NEW YORK STATE UNITED TEACHERS This choice falsely places the respon­ additional jobs have been eliminated 4 sibility for the layoffs on teachers. In through attrition during the summer. ~~"rf# 0Jif#ft the interest of teacher solidarity, many That's on top of 10,000 . teaching would prefer to give up their salary positions wiped out over the 1975-1976 increase to save a colleague's job. school year. There is, however, absolutely no gua­ The most recent job losses are the rantee that teachers whose jobs are result of a court ruling invalidating the _ saved through such a scheme won't be Stavisky-Goodman Law, which man­ laid off in the future. d~ted the city government to spend a The Emergency Financial Control bigger share of its budget on educa­ Board, which is trying to force this tion. choice on teachers, has already used The new layoffs guarantee further this strategy against workers at city deterioration of education and working hospitals. conditions in the New York public Last month, Victor Gotbaum sold schools. striking hospital workers such a deal. In effect, we teachers have been The workers gave up cost-of-living working without a contract for the past increases for a promise of no more year. The Emergency Financial Con­ layoffs-for four months. Gotbaum is trol Board never approved the contract head of District Council 37 of the American Federation of State, County Judy Kleinberg is a special and Municipal Employees, the biggest education teacher at P.S. 192 in union of city workers. Gotbaum's Brooklyn. Lou Howort is a health acceptance of the deal places addition­ teacher at Grady High School in al pressure on teachers to accept a Brooklyn. Both are members of the similar one. Shanker, Gotbaum, and other munic­ United Federation of Teachers. ipal labor misleaders accept the politi­ cians' claim that there is "no money" accepted by the United Federation of for both jobs and salary increases. Teachers at the end of a five-day strike This is a lie. last September. The EFCB is the The money is there-in the interest banker-dominated body with dictator­ payments to the banks, the tax breaks ial power over city finances. for corporations, and the $100 billion­ Gross violations of the negotiated plus Pentagon budget. contract occurred last school year. What is not there are officeholders Thousands of teachers filed grievances Front page of 'New York Teacher' boasts of Stavisky-Goodman bill 'victory.' UFT willing to spend it on social services protesting oversized classes. School leadership has learned nothing from defeats of past year. instead of giveaways to the rich. administrations unilaterally canceled And Shanker thinks this is just fine. sabbatical leaves. Meager cost-of­ In fact, he calls for handing over even living and longevity raises have not more of our tax dollars to the Penta­ been paid. cut back, implementation of this mea­ The UFT leadership has learned gon. In the face of these attacks on our sure would have meant cutbacks in nothing from the past year's disaster. Once Shanker accepts those union, Albert Shanker, president of the other social services. Teachers can expect more of the same. priorities-the priorities of the capital­ UFT, has followed a strategy of This strategy-which accepts the The UFT leadership recently en­ ist Democratic and Republican relying on the Democratic and Republi­ budget cuts as inevitable-is simply dorsed dozens of Democratic and parties-it's no wonder he accepts can party politicians to stop the cut­ collaborating with the capitalist politi­ Republican candidates, and vowed to school cutbacks as inevitable. backs. cians in carrying out the cuts. mobilize the UFT membership to Last spring he used the resources of Shanker's answer to the cuts is not support them. It's clear that we need a new stra­ the UFT to push for the passage of the to demand that they stop, but to ask Shanker, as president of the Ameri­ tegy to prevent the UFT from being Stavisky-Goodman bill, which he said the city to lay off someone else. This can Federation of Teachers, pushed decimated. Our union should stop was the union's answer to cutbacks. strategy pits teachers against other through an endorsement of Jimmy campaigning and spending money for This bill, touted as an anticutback municipal workers and is an obstacle Carter at the AFT's convention last capitalist candidates. measure, provided not one cent of to a united struggle against all cut­ month. Instead, we teachers should turn to additional funding for education or backs and layoffs. Shanker's great hope now lies with a our real allies in the struggle against any other social service. Our union leaders still hail the Democratic president, despite the fact the cutbacks-parents, the Black and Instead, it said that the percentage Stavisky-Goodman bill as a "singular that it has been a Democratic mayor Puerto Rican communities, and the of the city's budget going for education triumph," as "spectacular" and "his­ and a Democratic governor who have other municipal unions. We need to should remain the same as in past toric." But these words are meaning­ implemented the devastating cuts­ forge an alliance with these forces that years. Since the money available for less to the thousands of teachers who with a little help from the Democratic could organize an effective movement all social services has been drastically no longer have a job. "veto proof' Congress. against all cutbacks and layoffs.

••• teachers strike against cuts \ Continued from back page schools with teachers who are periods. This was won only in the last approved the settlement. However, the federation opposes the members of religious orders. Strikers contract, and had it been lost, Although the monetary gains were association's demand for an agency are also demanding a wage increase. hundreds of teachers would have been modest, the contract is regarded as · shop, and has threatened to pull out of Since the 1960s, the number of lay laid off. particularly significant because it the strike unless this demand is teachers at Catholic high schools has School off1eials claim a $66 million broke through Democratic Mayor Paul dropped. -Bob Rowand been increasing. budget deficit will be increased to $78 Jordan's two-year campaign of cut­ In 1967, lay teachers at the archdio- million by the cost of the settlement. backs and wage freezes. cese's schools were forced to wage a -Derrick Morrison The strike began September 8 after brief strike for recognition of their the school board refused to grant any Philadelphia union, the Association of Catholic raises and decreed an increased work Pennsylvania was the state hardest Teachers. The union is affiliated with load for teachers. hit by teacher strikes as schools the American Federation of Teachers. Jersey City In a number of ways, conduct of the opened here during the second week of The current strike by the association Some 2,000 striking teachers re­ strike was exemplary. The union held September. More than 172,000 students has effectively shut down the Catholic turned to work here September 14 after daily mass meetings open to the and 7,500 teachers were involved in high schools. ratifying a contract that teachers public. There were daily reports on twenty-five different strikes imme­ Meanwhile, a strike by the 22,000- consider a victory for their union, the negotiations, and decisions on what to diately after Labor Day. member Philadelphia Federation of ,Jersey City Education Association. do were by majority vote. The biggest of these was the strike Teachers was averted September 8 Terms of the contract specify a 5 Teachers acted jointly with secretar­ by 1,200 lay teachers in the high when agreement was reached on a two­ percent raise in wages and 1 percent ial and custodial workers, which schools of the Roman Catholic Archdi­ year contract. increase in fringe benefits in each year strengthened the picket lines. Secretar­ ocese of Philadelphia, which covers a Wage increases over the life of the of the two-year agreement. ies are in the same union as the five-county area. pact total 14.5 percent. In addition, attempts by school teachers. Custodial workers belong to The main issues in the strike are The union also rebuffed board of officials to impose retrogressive American Federation of State, County class size and a demand that lay education demands that elementary changes in work loads and conditions and Municipal Employees Local 2622. teachers have an equal voice in the school teachers give up preparation were rebuffed. A 1,200-to-400 majority -John Staggs

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 24, 1976 29 suspecting government involvement in The right-wing mobilizations the murders of Martin Luther King, against women's rights must not go ... Mao Malcolm X, and other Black leaders. unanswered. We must prepare our Continued from page 14 It has exposed links between the side-the majority-to countermobilize In the year before his death, there federal government, local police "red against these forces. Calendar were mounting indications that squads," and right-wing terrorist Right now, feminists, unionists, BERKELEY masses of the Chinese people were gangs. Blacks, students, and all other support­ GRAND OPENING OF SWP HEADQUARTERS. dissatisfied with the chairman's rule Thousands of prominent ers of women's rights need to confront Speakers: Willie Mae Reid, SWP candidate for vice­ president; Paul Boutelle, SWP candidate for U.S. and anxious to assert their own voice Americans-political figures; Black, Democratic and Republican candidates Congress, 8th C. D.; Froblm Lozada, SWP candidate in the government of China. The Chicano, and Puerto Rican leaders; across the country. We demand that for U.S. Congress, 9th C. D.; UFW representative to strikes in Hangchow in the summer of feminists; unionists; and civil they take a clear stand on abortion as speak on Prop. 14; Laurel Edenbeger, East Bay 1975, reports of resistance among the libertarians-have lent their endorse­ every woman's right to choose. NOW treasurer. California petitioning film and party afterwards. Fri., Sept. 24, 8 p.m., rally with reception millions of city youth arbitrarily sent ment to the suit, helping to make these preceding. 3264 Adeline, Berkeley (near Alcatraz). to the countryside, and finally the accomplishments possible. Ausp: Oakland and Berkeley SWP campaigns. For massive protest demonstration of Government attempts to smear the more information call (415) 653-7156. 100,000 in Peking's Tien An Men SWP as terrorists have been discredit­ Square in April are the best-known ed. The real international terrorists­ CINCINNATI ... FBI SOCIALISTS ANSWER THE 'GREAT DEBATE.' examples. These are the first signs of the rulers' police agencies-have been Continued from page 5 Watch the "Great Debate" with Socialist Workers the coming political revolution in further unmasked. rights of all Americans. campaigners and discuss with Melissa Singler, SWP China, when the workers, peasants, As a result of this suit, socialists are "We will continue this fight until the candidate for U.S. Senate. Thurs., Sept. 23. Check and revolutionary intellectuals will more and more associated in the public TV listing for time. 25!l8 Madison Ad. Ausp: FBI and other secret-police outfits give Socialist Workers Campaign Committee. For more unseat Mao's bureaucratic heirs and mind with freedom and democratic up their claim that they have the right information call (513) 321-7445. take the reins of power into their own rights, while the capitalist government to carry out political operations, which hands. is seen as the threat to those rights. they falsely call 'investigations,' of LOS ANGELES The ramifications of that shift in any group or individual, regardless of ANNUAL SHISH KEBAB. Meet Omari Musa, SWP candidate for U.S. Senate from California. Sun., popular consciousness will be felt for any fake 'guidelines' the attorney Oct. 3. 2 p.m., refreshments; 4 to 6 p.m., dinner. . many years to come. general dreams up to try to justify and 1321 Palms Blvd., Venice. Donation: $5. Ausp: excuse these activities." Socialist Workers 1976 California Campaign ... PROF Barnes said that "the scuttlebutt in Committee. For more information call (203) 735- Continued from page 6 Washington is that the administration 4235. accepted his assurances as good coin. fervently hoped they could bring us the PITTSBURGH The SWP knew better. Levi order, throw in an offer of a big BLACK ~EVOL T IN SOUTH AFRICA. Speakers: With the socialists' contempt of court ... abortion cash settlement on our damage claims, Emmanuel Anise, South African studies, Univ. of charge hanging over his head, Kelley Continued from page 15 and we would settle the case and forget Pittsburgh; Charles Kindle, chairperson, . African Even though the anti-abortionists and Foreign Affairs Committee, Pittsburgh NAACP; was forced last May to direct all FBI about those eight million FBI files, as others. Fri., Sept. 24, 8 p.m. 5504 Penn Ave. field offices to produce all their docu­ haven't picked up public support for a well as the files in the vaults of the Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more ments on burglaries. constitutional amendment guarantee­ CIA, the Alcohol, Tobacco and Fire­ information call (412) 441-1419. The SWP specified that the search ing legal rights to fetuses, Carter and arms Division, and all the rest. Ford have given them reason for cheer. SEATTLE nust include the top-secret "do not "To put it simply, they thought we SWP NOMINATING CONVENTION. Everyone is file" files and "personal folders" of Ford's support for a "states' rights" would grab the millions and run. They invited to come in anytime between 7 a.m. and 8 FBI agents-files the congressional amendment and Carter's open door to are so used to buying princes, kings, p.m. Tues., Sept. 21, to sign the petition to put SWP committees had carefully neglected to considering some kind of amendment and political parties, from the Chris­ candidates on the Washington ballot. 5623 ask for. help to legitimize their goal. University Way NE. For more information call (206) tian Democrats in Italy to the Liberal 522-7800. The resulting evidence of burglaries More immediately, President Ford or Democrats in Japan-not to mention as recent as last year has the FBI on President Carter would seek to cut off the Democrats and Republicans, who SWP CAMPAIGN RALLY. Speaker: Pat Bethard, the run. Federal grand juries in New all Medicaid funds to abortions. This come cheap-that they can't conceive SWP candidate for governor. Tues., Sept. 21, 8 p.m. Work and Washington have begun would coerce thousands of working­ of an organization that doesn't have a 5623 University Way NE. Donation: $1. Ausp: women-many of them Black, Puerto Washington Socialist Workers Campaign inquiries. Hundreds of agents and price. · Committee. For more information call (206) 522- officials are reported to be implicated. Rican, or Chicana-to return to back­ "Well, they have finally found one." 7800. Authorization for break-ins is being alley abortionists or bear unwanted traced all the way back to the adminis­ children. tration of Franklin Roosevelt. This would be a colossal blow to The biggest bombshell yet exploded women's rights. Unless every woman this summer when FBI informer Tim­ has the right to abortion, no woman's othy Redfearn admitted burglarizing right to abortion is secure. the Denver SWP headquarters on July Whatever form they take, attacks on 7. Documents Redfearn stole turned up abortion will persist. Along with the organized right-wing forces, the You've heard in FBI files obtained by the SWP under court order. Kelley is directly implicat­ wealthy rulers of this country have not ed in covering up the incident. accepted abortion as a right. For them, The Redfearn case is leading to the Supreme Court ruling was a about the party unprecedented revelations on the gov­ tactical concession to a women's liber­ ernment's use of informers and provo­ ation movement that was growing to,.. cateurs. represent majority sentiment. The SWP and YSA suit has already But the capitalist system of profit suing the FBI had a profound impact on American and physical and social coercion is politics. It has forced political conces­ built on the oppression of women. sions from the government-from Denying women the right to control abolition of the attorney general's list our own bodies is fundamental to this This book explains what to ending the "investigation" of the oppression. So the battle will continue. SWP. We will not find a bulwark against the Socialist Workers As Leonard Boudin predicted when assaults on women's rights in the the suit was launched, it has inspired Democratic or Republican party, as many others to fight government we've seen from the Carter-Ford perfor­ Party stands for spying and harassment. mances. We must rely on ourselves to It has provided further grounds for defend the rights we've won.

The first in-depth look at the illegal FBI counter­ intelligence program Available for a limited time for $1.50 (regularly $2.95) from bookstores listed $2.95 paperback. in Socialist Directory on page 31 or from Now at your bookstore Pathfinder Press VINTAGE BOOXS 4to West, New \Ork, N.Y. tOOt4 A division of ~ Random House ~

30 . ' Socialist Campaign Rallies Hear the ideas the FBI tried to suppress ,,

Socialist Workers party presidential and vice-presidential candidates Peter Camejo and Willie Mae Reid are slated to appear at major rallies across the country. Along with leading activists in each community they will discuss the real issues facing Americans.

PETER CAMEJO will be the featured speaker at rallies in: ATLANTA-Tuesday, September 21, 7:30 p.m., 225 Chestnut NW DENVER-Friday, September 24, 7 p.m., 1379 Kalamath SALT LAKE CITY-Saturday, September 25, 8 p.m., Horace Mann School, 233 W. Second N PUERTO RICO: U.S. COLONY IN WILLIE MAE REID will speak in: THE CARIBBEAN SAN FERNANDO VALLEY, Calif.­ Tuesday, September 21, 7:30 p.m., Senior Citizens Center at Pacoima Park, 10953 BY JOSE G. PEREZ Herrick, Pacoima 'Nothing could be more ironic for BERKELEY, Calif.-Friday, September 24, 8 Puerto Ricans than the celebration p.m. 3264 Adeline of 200 years of American independ­ SAN FRANCISCO-Saturday, September 25, ence. . . . To understand the eco­ nomic crisis and political ferment on 8 p.m., YMCA, 1530 Buchanan Street the island, the recurring debates MIAMI-Monday, September 27, 8 p.m., over Puerto Rico in the United Center for Dialogue, Twenty-second Ave. Nations, and the maneuvers in the NW & Twenty-sixth Street U.S. Congress, it is necessary to begin from one simple fact: Puerto Rico is a colony of the United Your help is needed to build the SWP campaign and rallies. See the Socialist Directory on page 31 for the campaign States.' headquarters nearest you. 24 pp., 35 cents

Officers of the Socialist Workers 1976 National Campaign Committee: Chairperson, Linda Jenness; treasurer, Arthur Hughes. Order today from Pathfinder Press, 410 West Street, New York, N.Y. 10014. Write for a free catalog. Socialist Directory ARIZONA: Tempe: YSA. Box 1344, Tempe, Ariz. Chicago, Near North: SWP. Pathfinder Books, 622 MINNESOTA: Minneapolis: SWP. YSA, Pathfinder Philadelphia, West Philadelphia: SWP, 218 S. 45th 85281. Tel: (602) 277-9453. W. Diversey, Room 404A, Chicago. Ill. 60657. Tel: Bookstore, 15 4th St. SE, Mpls., Minn. 55414. Tel: St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. Tel: (215) EV7-2451. Tucson: YSA. SUPO 20965, Tucson. Ariz. 85720. (312) 929-8222. (612) 332-7781' Philadelphia: City-wide SWP, YSA, 218 S. 45th St., Tel: (602) 624-9176. Chicago, South Chicago: SWP, Pathfinder Books. St. Paul: SWP, Labor Bookstore, 176 Western Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. Tel. (215) EV7-2451. CALIFORNIA: Berkeley: SWP. YSA, Granma Book­ 9139 S. Commercial,_ Room 205, Chicago, Ill. St. Paul, Minn. 55102. Tel: (612) 222-8929. Pittsburgh: SWP, YSA. Militant Bookstore, 3400 store, 1849 University Ave., Berkeley, Calif. 94703. 60617. Tel: (312) 734-7644. MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA. c/o UMKC Student Fifth Ave .. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213. Tel: (412) 682- Tel: (415) 548-0354. Chicago, South Side: SWP. Pathfinder Books, 1525 Activities Office, 5100 Rockhill Rd., Kansas City, 5019. East Los Angeles: SWP, YSA. Pathfinder Bookstore. E. 53 St .. Room 815. Chicago. Ill. 60615. Tel: (312) Mo. 64110. State College: YSA, c/o William Donovan. 260 1237 S. Atlantic Blvd .. East Los Angeles. Calif. 643-5520. St. Louis: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, 4660 Toftrees Ave. #320, State College, Pa. 16801. Tel: 90022. Tel: (213) 265-1347. Chicago, Uptown-Rogers Park: SWP, Pathfinder Maryland, Suite 12, St. Louis, Mo. 63108. Tel: (814) 234-6655. Long Beach: SWP. YSA. Pathfinder Bookstore. 3322 Books, 1105 W. Lawrence. Room 312, Chicago, (314) 367-2520. RHODE ISLAND: Kingston: YSA, c/o Box 400, Anaheim St.. Long Beach. Calif. 90804. Tel: (213) ill. 60640. Tel: (312) 728-4151. NEW JERSEY: Newark: SWP, YSA. 11-A Central Kingston, R.I. 02881. 597-0965. Chicago, West Side: SWP. Pathfinder Books. 5967 Ave. (Central and Broad Streets), Second Floor. TENNESSEE: Knoxville: YSA. P.O. Box 8344 Univ. Los Angeles, Crenshaw District: SWP, YSA, Path­ W. Madison, Second Floor. Chicago, Ill. 60644. Newark, N.J. 07102. Tel: (201) 624-7434. Station, Knoxville, Tenn. 37916. Tel: (615) 525- fmder Books. 4040 W. Washington Blvd.. Los Tel: (312) 261-8370. NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Michael Kozak, 395 0820. Angeles. Calif 90018. Tel (213) 732-8196. INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities Ontario St., Albany, N.Y. 12208. Tel: (518) 482- Los Angeles: City-wide SWP. YSA, 4040 W. Wash­ Desk, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. 7348. ington Blvd, Suite 11, Los Angeles, Calif. 90018. 47401. Binghamton: YSA. c/o Debbie Porder, 184 Corliss TEXAS: Austin: YSA, c/o Student Activities, Texas Tel: (213) 732-8197. Indianapolis: YSA, c/o Student Activity Office. Ave., Johnson City, N.Y. 13790. Tel: (607) 729- Union South, Austin. Tex. 78712. Oakland: SWP. YSA, 1467 Fruitvale Ave., Oakland. IUPUI, 925 W: Michigan St., Indianapolis, Ind. 3812. . Dallea: SWP. YSA, P.O. Box 50212, Dallas, Tex. Calif. 94601. Tel (415) 261-1210 46202. Tel: (317) 631-3441. Ithaca: YSA. c/o Sara Bloxsom, 110 Morris Heights. 75250. Tel: (214) 941-2308. Pasadena: SWP, YSA. Pathfinder Bookstore. 226 N. Muncie: YSA, Box 387 Student Center, Ball State Ithaca. N.Y. 14850. Tel: (607) 272-7098. Houston, Northeast: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, El Molino, Pasadena, Calif. 91106. Tel (213) 793- University, Muncie, Ind. 47306. New York, Bronx: SWP. P.O. Box 688, Bronx. N.Y. 2835 Laura Koppe, Houston, Tex. 77093. Tel: 3468. KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P.O. Box 952 Univer­ 10469. (713) 697-5543. San Diego: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore. 1053 sity Station, Lexington, Ky. 40506. Tel: (606) 266- New York, Brooklyn-Williamsburgh: SWP. Militant Houston, North Side: SWP. YSA, Pathfinder 15th St., San D1ego. Calif. 92101. Tel: (714) 234- 0536. Bookstore. 57 Graham Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y. Bookstore-Libreria Militante. 2816 N. Main, Hous­ 0685. Louisville: SWP, YSA, Box 3593, Louisville, Ky. 11206. Tel: (212) 387-5771. ton. Tex. 77009. Tel: (713) 224-0985. San Fernando Valley: SWP, P 0 Box 4456, Panora­ 40201. New York, Brooklyn-Crown Hts.: SWP, Militant Houston, South-Central: SWP, 4987 South Park ma City, Calif. 91412. Tel: (213) 894-2081. LOUISIANA: New Orleans: SWP, YSA. Pathfinder Bookstore, 220-222 Utica "'ve., Brooklyn, N.Y. Blvd. (South Park Plaza), Houston, Tex. 77021. San Francisco: City-wide SWP. YSA, 3284 23rd St., Bookstore, 3812 Magazine St.. New Orleans. La. 11213. Tel: (212) 773-0250. Tel: (713) 643-0005. San Francisco, Calif. 94110 Tel: (415) 285-4686. 70115. Tel: (504) 891-5324. New York, Chelsea: SWP, Militant Bookstore, Houston: City-wide SWP, YSA. 3311 Montrose. San Francisco, Ingleside: SWP, 1441 Ocean Ave., MARYLAND: Baltimore: SWP, YSA, 2117 N. Charles Libreria Militante, 200'12 W. 24th St. (off 7th Ave.), Houston, Tex. 77006. Tel: (713) 526-1082. San Francisco, Calif. 94112. Tel: (415) 333-6261 St.. Baltimore, Md. 21218. Tel: (301) 547-o668. New York, N.Y. 10011. Tel: (212) 989-2731. San Antonio: SWP, P.O. Box 1376, San Antonio, San Francisco, Mission District: SWP, 3284 23rd St.. College Park: YSA. c/o Student Union, University of New York, Lower East Side: SWP. YSA, Militant Tex. 78295. Tel: (512) 732-5957. YSA, P.O. Box San Francisco, Calif. 94110. Tel: (415) 824-1992. Maryland. College Park, Md. 20742. Tel: (301) Bookstore, Libreria Militante, 221 E. 2nd St. 12110, Laurel Heights Station, San Antonio, Tex. San Francisco, Western Addition: SWP. 2762A Pine 454-4758. (between Ave. B and Ave. C), New York, N.Y. 78212. St., San Francisco. Calif. 94115. Tel: (415) 931- Prince Georges County: SWP. P.O. Box 1807, 10009. Tel: (212) 260-6400. UTAH: Logan: YSA, P.O. Box 1233, Utah State 0621. Prince Georges Plaza, Hyattsville. Md. 20788. Tel: New Y.ork, Queens: SWP, YSA, Militant Bookstore, University, Logan, Utah 84322. San Jose: SWP, YSA, 123 S 3rd St.. Suite 220, San (202) 333-0265 or (202) 797-7706. 90-43 149 St. (comer Jamaica Ave.). Jamaica. Salt Lake City: YSA, P.O. Box 461, Salt Lake City, Jose. Calif. 95113. Tel: (408) 295-8342. MASSACHUSETTS: Amherst: YSA, c/o Mark Cera­ N.Y. 11435. Tel: (212) 658-7718. Utah 84110. East San Jose: SWP, 1192 E. Sarita Clara. San Jose. soulo. 13 Hollister Apts., Amherst, Mass. 01002. New York, Upper West Side: SWP, YSA, Militant VIRGINIA: Richmond: SWP, P.O. Box 25394, Calif. 95116 Tel: (408) 295-2618. Boston: SWP. YSA, 510 Commonwealth Ave., Bookstore, 786 Amstertlam, New York, N.Y. Richmond, Va. 23260. Tel: (804) 232-3769. Santa Barbara: YSA. P 0. Box 14606, UCSB, Santa Boston. Mass. 02215. Tel: (617) 262-4620. 10025. Tel: (212) 663·3000. WASHINGTON, D.C.: Northwest SWP, 2416 18th Barbara. Calif. 93107. Boston: City-wide SWP, YSA. 510 Commonwealth New York: City-wide SWP, YSA. 853 Broadway. St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20009. Tel: (202) 7g7. Santa Cruz: YSA. c/o Student Activities Office. Ave .. Boston, Mass. 02215. Tel: (617) 262-4621. Room 412, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 982- 7706. Redwood Bldg .. UCSC, Santa Cruz, Calif. 95064. Cambridge: SWP, 2 Central Square, Cambridge, 8214. Washington, D.C.: Southeast: SWP, 727 8th St. SE, Mass. 02139. Tel: (617) 547-4395. Washington, D.C. 20003. Tel: (202) 546-2162. COLORADO: Boulder: YSA. Room 175, University Roxbury: SWP, 1865 Columbus Ave.. Roxbury, Washington, D.C.: City-wide SWP, YSA, 2416 18th Memorial Center, University of Colorado. Mass. 02119. Tel: (617) 445-7799. OHIO: Cincinnati: SWP, YSA, P.O. Box 8986, Hyde St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20009. Tel: (202) 797- Boulder, Colo. 80302. Tel: (303) 492-7679. Worcester: YSA, Box 229, Greendale Station, Park Station, Cincinnati, Ohio 45208. Tel: (513) 7699. Denver: SWP. YSA. Militant Bookstore. 1379-81 Worcester. Mass. 01606. 321-7445. WASHINGTON: Seattle, Central Area: SWP, YSA, Kalamath. Denver, Colo. 80204. Tel: (303) 623- MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, Room 4103, Mich. Cleveland: SWP. YSA, 2300 Payne. Cleveland, Ohio Militant Bookstore, 2200 E. Union, Seattle, Wash. 2825. Union, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 44114. Tel: (216) 861-4166. 98122. Tel: (206) 329-7404. Fort Collins: YSA. Student Center Cave, Colorado 48104. Tel: (313) 663-8766. Columbus: YSA. Box 3343 Univ. Station (mailing Saattle, North End: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Book­ State University, Ft. Collins, Colo. 80521. Detroit, East Side: SWP. 12920 Mack Ave., Detroit, address); 325 Ohio Union, Columbus, Ohio store, 5623 University Way NE, Seattle. Wash. FLORIDA: Miami: YSA. box 431096, South Miami, Mich. 48215. Tel: (313) 824-1160. 43210. Tel: (614) 422-6287. 98105. Tel: (206) 522-7800. Fla. 33143. Detroit, Southwest: SWP, 19 Clifford. Room 805, Kent: YSA. c/o Bob Laycock, 936 Carlysyle, Apt. Seattle: City-wide: SWP. YSA. 5623 University Way Tallahassee: YSA. c/o Suzanne Welch. 765 El Detroit, Mich. 48226. Tel: (313) 961-5675. 301, Kent, Ohio 44240. NE, Seattle, Wash. 98105. Tel: (206) 522-7800. Rancho St .. Tallahassee, Fla. 32304. Tel: (904) Detroit, West Side: SWP, Militant Bookstore, 18415 Toledo: SWP, P.O. Box 2325, Toledo, Ohio 43603. WISCONSIN: Eau Claire: YSA, c/o Chip Johnson, 224-9632. Wyoming, Detroit, Mich. 48221. Tel: (313) 341- Tel: (419) 242-9743. 221'12 Ninth Ave .. Eau Claire, Wis. 54701. Tel: GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore. 137 Ashby, 6436. OREGON: Portland: SWP, YSA. Militant Bookstore, (715) 835-1474. P.O. Box 92040, Atlanta, Ga. 30314. Tel: (404) Detroit: City-wide SWP. YSA. 19 Clifford. Room 208 S.W. Stark, Fifth Floor. Portland, Ore. 97204. La Crosse: YSA, c/o UW La Crosse. Cartwright 755-2940. 805, Detroit, Mich. 48226. Tel: (313) 961-5675. Tel: (503) 226-2715. Center, 1725 State St., La Cr sse, Wis. 54601. ILLINOIS: Champaign-Urbana: YSA, 284 lllini East Lansing: YSA, First Floor Student Offices, PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State Madison: YSA, P.O. Box 1442, Madison, Wis. 53701. Union. Urbana. Ill. _61801. Union Bldg., Michigan State University, East College, Edinboro, Pa. 16412. Tel:. (608) 238-6224. Chicagll: City-wide SWP, YSA. 428 S. Wabash. Filth Lansing, Mich. 48823. Tel: (517) 353-0660. Philadelphia, Germantown: SWP. Militant Book­ Milwaukee: SWP, YSA, 207 E. Mic.higan Ave .• Am. Floor, Chicago. Ill. 60605. Tel: SWP-(312) 939- Mt. Pleasant: YSA. Box 51 Warriner Hall, Central store, 5950 Germantown Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 25, Milwaukee, Wis. 53202. Tel: SWP-(414) 289- 0737; YSA-(312) 427-0280. Mich. Univ .. MI. Pleasant, Mich. 48859. 19144. Tel: (215) V14·2874. 9340; YSA-(414) 289-9380.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 24, 1176 31 THE MILITANT

'U.S. Interests Out!'

White regime steps up repression By Tony Thomas Sixteen youths were killed in Manen­ From Intercontinental Press berg, a section of Athlone, a Coloured Demonstrations by Coloureds (peo­ township less than ten miles from ple of mixed African, Asian, and Cape Town. According to a report by European descent) spread across South John Burns in the September 10 New Mrica's Cape Province in early Sep­ York Times, all were victims of police tember, meeting massive repression. rifle and pistol fire. The cops claimed Hundreds of protesters have been that the youths were looting stores arrested, and on September 9 and 10 that had been burned earlier by Co­ alone, riot police shot down twenty­ loured protesters. four persons. In Paarl, a city thirty miles from On September 7, police in Cape Cape Town, hundreds of youths stoned Town attacked thousands of Coloured shops and cars, according to Burns. One youth was reported killed. Deaths were also reported in Eisies­ Socialist candidates call for river, a township on the eastern educational campaign on U.S. role outskirts of Cape Town, and in Grassy in Africa. See page 28. Park, a township to the south of the city. At Kimberly the police clashed demonstrators in the downtown area, with a crowd of about 700 Black killing at least four persons and students. injuring many others. On September 10, the police arrested On September 8, police opened fire hundreds of Coloured students at Port with shotguns after using tear gas and Elizabeth, a city 420 miles east of Cape clubs to disperse groups of demonstra­ Town, breaking up peaceful sit-ins on tors in Coloured townships near Cape the rugby fields at St. Thomas and Town. Paterson high schools. In downtown Cape Town, cops fired The Port Elizabeth police reported on demonstrators who were protesting :350 persons had been arrested. Co­ the regime's decision to close down loured witnesses put the number at Coloured high schools in the Cape G50. area. The upsurge shocked the South Militant/Lou Howort Riot police also attacked a crowd of African regime, which has sought to NEW YORK-Nearly 300 New Yorkers demonstrated Saturday, September 11, 500 students at the Coloured Universi­ divide the Coloureds from Africans in support of the freedom struggle in southern Africa. They gathered in Harlem ty of the Western Cape. and Indians. and marched to a picket line and rally outside the offices of South African Black demonstrations took place at "You have to understand that in the Airways in midtown Manhattan. Stellenbosch, a city twenty miles east framework of separate development The protest was initiated by Blacks in Solidarity with South African of Cape Town. Police sealed off the [i.e., apartheid], the coloreds have Liberation, a coalition in which the Pan African Students Organization of the Coloured townships of Ida's Valley traditionally been the most favored," a Americas played a leading role. and Cloetesville, after alleged stoning white South African columnist told Members of the Socialist Workers party and the Young Socialist Alliance, incidents on the night of September 7. New York Times correspondent Mi­ including Keith Jones, SWP candidate for U.S. Congress from the Seventh On September 8, Blacks in Kimberly, chael Kaufman. District in Queens. participated in the demonstration. carrying a large banner the center of South Africa's diamond The recent demonstrations have reading: "End Racism in Boston and South Africa! U.S. Interests Out!" industry, joined the protests. Continued on page 28

TEACHERS STRIKE AGAINST CUTS Schools reopened across the board of education demand that However, the union has discovered restoration of physical education and country over the past two weeks teachers' wages be frozen. that the money remains in the city music classes in elementary schools, with another wave of teacher School officials are also demanding budget after all-and city officials and a 20.6 percent salary increase. strikes. These strikes have been a "management rights" clause that acknowledge they want to use it to Another demand of the strike is that provoked by government attempts would allow them to increase class increase the rate of debt payments to dual seniority lists be established, so to cut back education, lay off sizes, lay off teachers, and close down the ba~ks. that the proportion of minority teachers, take away gains made in schools. The union says the money should be teachers in the school system not be previous contracts, and freeze Officials of the Buffalo Teachers used to rehire the 325 school employees reduced in case of layoffs. The STA is wages. Federation say the strike is very laid off over the summer and to give also demanding an agency shop. A survey by the National Educa­ effective, with up to 95 percent of the teachers an 8 percent raise. Last year, teachers gave up sche­ tion Association showed that as of teachers out. -Ed Powell duled pay increases to provide funds to September 6, 2,200 contracts were School officials have tried to give a rehire some 1,200 of 1,600 teachers who not settled and twenty-four strikes "business as usual" impression by had been laid off. The school district were already in progress. having students come into school each Seattle had promised to provide catch-up and Following are stories by Militant morning. But there is no one to teach School Supt. Dave Moberly closed cost-of-living raises this year to com­ correspondents on four of the them, and they are sent home as soon schools here September 1:~. This action, pensate for the teachers' sacrifices last larger strikes. as roll call is taken. on the third day of classes, testifies to year. Teachers picketing the schools are in the strength of the first teachers' strike But now, the school administration high spirits. They say they'd rather be in Seattle's history. is backtracking, offering only 16 per­ in a classroom than on a picket line, It also acknowledges that officials cent instead of the necessary 20.6 Buffalo but the board of education had pushed have been unable to keep schools open percent. In addition, the administra­ The strike by 3,500 teachers led by them up against the wall. by hiring substitute teachers as strike­ tion is proposing to rehire only 526 of the Buffalo Teachers Federation en­ An interesting political element has breakers. the 71S teachers laid off last spring. tered its second week here September been injected into the strike. When $5 The Seattle Teachers Association The Seattle Federation of Teachers, 14 with no settlement in sight. million was cut from the $99 million strike was provoked by two years of which represents a small minority of The stage for the strike was set by a school budget last summer, city offi­ layoffs and cutbacks in education. teachers, supports the main demands 5 percent slash in the school budget cials said this was due to a shortage of Teachers are demanding rehiring of all of the ST A and has joined the strike. announced over the summer and a money. 715 teachers laid off last June, the Continued on page 29