8 Gerunds © (2019) Mr

8 Gerunds © (2019) Mr. K’s Grammar Planet

Mr. K's Grammar Planet

Presents Ger 8. Parts of Speech: Gerunds

Mr. K's Grammar Boot Camp Part 1: Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech: Pronouns

Lesson Objectives

1. What are the five forms of verbs in English?

2. What is a gerund?

3. Where can you put gerunds in a sentence?

4. What is a gerund phrase?

5. What parts of speech are words that end with ~ing?

6. What is a reduced adjective clause?

7. What is a reduced adverb clause?

Mr. K's Grammar Planet 1 8 Gerunds © (2019) Mr. K’s Grammar Planet

wo zhi dao Five Forms of Verbs

What are the five verb forms in English?

regular irregular "be" verb base study take am, is, are simple past studied took was, were past participle studied taken been gerund (~ing) studying taking being infinitive (to) to study to take to be

What is a gerund phrase?

A gerund phrase is the gerund plus the object or complement connected to the gerund. playing sports washing the car learning a new skill

wo zhi dao Location of Nouns

How do you connect nouns to a sentence?

• There are four ways to connect a noun to a sentence.

• The leaves are turning beautiful colors. subject • Most children enjoy playing outdoors with friends. • Concert tickets have become very expensive.

• I need a new computer for work. object or • Someone left their cell phone in the classroom. complement* • Jose was a dancer* before he became a teacher*. *A complement is the noun or adjective that comes after a linking verb.

• John's house is very close to the ocean. with 's • Tomorrow's game should be very exciting. • Do you know Madison's phone number or email address?

• Please give it to your parents when you get home. object of a • All the flights were cancelled due to bad weather. preposition • No one can enter this area without a boarding pass.

Mr. K's Grammar Planet 2 8 Gerunds © (2019) Mr. K’s Grammar Planet

wo zhi dao Location of Gerunds

How do you connect gerunds to a sentence?

• Gerunds are like the noun form of verbs. • Gerund phrases can go wherever nouns can go.

• Renting cars is convenient but expensive. subject • Learning foreign languages* takes time and effort. • Putting clothes in the dryer may cause them to shrink. *Gerund phrases are always singular.

• I really miss sleeping in on weekends now that I'm a parent. object or • We recommend living in a foreign country for a while. complement* • Everyone went home after they finished cleaning up.

• Skyler is really excited about visiting New York City. object of a • Can you type wihout looking at your hands? preposition • You can save money by sharing an apartment with a friend.

wo zhi dao Gerund Subjects and Objects

If a gerund is the subject or object, where does the gerund phrase end?

We recommend living in a foreign country for a while. We bought a car. living

we bought car in for a country foreign subject verb we recommend a while direct object a subject verb direct object

Mr. K's Grammar Planet 3 8 Gerunds © (2019) Mr. K’s Grammar Planet

wo zhi dao Words Ending in ~ing

Is the word a verb, a noun or an adjective?

• Words ending with ~ing are often gerunds. • However, they can also be main verbs, nouns or adjectives.

• Does it come after a form of the "be" verb? > we are trying / they were sleeping main verb • What happens if you change the time? > yesterday we tried / tomorrow, they will sleep

• Does it come after a or the or my? > a meeting / the building / my feeling noun • Can you add an ~s to make it plural? > warnings / paintings

• Can you put the word in front of a noun? > The book is interesting. / an interesting book adjective • Can you add the adverb very? > Tea with honey is very soothing.

wo zhi dao Main Verb or Gerund

What is the difference between a gerund and the continuous tense?

Skyler is washing the dishes.

Skyler is washing dishes the

Skyler's job is washing the dishes. washing dishes the

job is Skyler's

job = washing the dishes

wo zhi daoCapitalized Words Reduced Adjective Clauses

What is a reduced adjective clause? How do you reduce adjective clauses?

• A reduced clause is a clause that has unnecessary words taken out. • These words are understood but not spoken or written. • Sometimes the form of the verb also changes.

Subject Clauses w/ That or Who and the "Be" Verb

The relative pronoun and the "be" verb are understood, but not

written or said.

▼ the people standing in the back the cars driving past the building▼ who are that were

Clauses w/ That or Who but without the "Be" Verb

The relative pronoun is understood and the main verb changes to a gerund.

• children who grow up overseas children growing up overseas

▼ ▼

• cars that cost less than $5,000 cars that is that arecosting less than $5,000

• anyone who knows the answer anyone knowing the answer

Capitalized Wordswo zhi dao Reduced Adverb Clauses

What are other groups of pronouns in English?

Conjunctions of Time • A reduced adverb clause is a clause that has been shortened. • The main clause and the adverb clause must have the same subject. • To reduce a clause... > ...take away the subject of the adverb clause. > ...take away any form of the "be" verb (if there is one) > ...or change the main verb of the adverb clause to a gerund.

same subject and "be" verb

• While I was walking down the street, I ran into a good friend. • While walking down the street, I ran into a good friend.

no subject or "be" verb same subject but no "be" verb

• Before I leave my house, I always make sure I have my wallet and keys. • Before leaving my house, I always make sure I have my wallet and keys.

no subject change verb to a gerund

Mr. K's Grammar Planet 5