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Types of Copula Verb in Indonesian Language TYPES of COPULA VERB in INDONESIAN LANGUAGE

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Types of Copula Verb in Indonesian Language TYPES of COPULA VERB in INDONESIAN LANGUAGE Types of Copula Verb in Indonesian Language TYPES OF COPULA VERB IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE Norma Pawestri Language Center, International Relations Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia - 11480 [email protected] Abstract This study tries to discuss and analyze the topic of copula verbs in Indonesian language, and is aimed to see the types of copula verbs in Indonesian language, also the structure of copula verb in Indonesian language. This research used descriptive analysis method, the findings showed that in Indonesian language, there are these copula verbs such as “adalah” or “ialah” which equals to ‘to be’ in English, but unlike in English, these copula verbs are optional in Indonesian language. Just like in English, it is imperative to use the copulative verbs such as: seem (tampak /terlihat, appear (tampak), become (menjadi), turn (berubah) to form a contruction in Indonesian language, but unlike in English, the form of copula in Indonesian language never changes based on tenses. Another similarity of Indonesian language and English is the necessity to use the copulative verbs such as: feel (merasa), look (tampak/terlihat) etc to form a construction. It is also possible in Indonesian language to form a copula verb by creating the verb into a noun and add some prefix and suffix –nya and pair it with adjective. Keywords: copula verb, indonesian language, english Abstrak Penelitian ini mencoba membahas dan menganalisis kata kerja kopula dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe dan struktur kata kerja kopula dalam bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunaan metode deskriptif analisis dan hasilnya menujukkan bahwa dalam bahasa Indonesia, terdapat beberapa kata kerja kopula seperti ‘adalah’ atau ‘ialah’ yang setara penggunaannya dengan ‘to be’ dalam bahasa Inggris, namun yang membedakan adalah bahwa penggunaan kata kerja tersebut tidak lah krusial dalam bahasa Indonesia. Sama halnya dengan dalam bahasa Inggris beberapa kopula seperti “tampak/terlihat” (seem), tampak (appear), menjadi (become), berubah (turn) membentu konstruksi pada bahasa Indonesia, namun dalam bahasa Indonesia, kata kerja kopula tersebut tidak di pengaruhi tenses. Kata kunci: Kata kerja copula, bahasa indonesia, bahasa inggris Introduction worth studying. However, learning Indonesian for Language as a means of daily commu- foreigner is not easy linguistic-wise. Since languages nication is used to express ideas and it enables may apply different grammar from that of Indo- people to communicate each other.In the case of nesian.World languages, especially English and Indonesia, this country has many local languages Indonesian language, are different, so transferring an like Iban, Malay, Javanese and others, with Indo- idea from English into Indonesian and vice versa in nesian language or what is usually called ‘Bahasa’ manycases is not a simple job. as the national language. Unlike the other languages, The study of linguistics may pervade a Indonesian language is used to communicate among number of sub-fields. Be it the study of grammar different ethnic groups. It is an official language which encompasses morphology (the formation and used in schools and office settings. Indonesian composition of words), syntax (the rules that deter- language, is a part of Malayo Polynesian which is a mine how words combine into phrases and senten- branch of Austronesian language family, the second ces), or phonology (the study of sound systems and largest language family in the world with about 1200 abstract sound units).In the case of English for languages, representing one-fifth of the world's total. example, Indonesians may find difficulties in Its 350 million speakers are spread across an learning English grammatically. The ungrammatical enormous territory ranging from Madagascar, English is due to the interference of Indonesian Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan, in grammar. The formal elements of Indonesian are some coastal areas of New Guinea, and in the archi- used within the context of English, resulting errors pelagos of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia in English. English has a complex grammar and a (Blust: 2013), making it an interesting language Jurnal Eduscience Volume 5 Nomor 1, Agustus 2019 1 Types of Copula Verb in Indonesian Language different grammatical structure from Indonesian that used to solve topical problem by collecting, classi- may lead to errors. fying, and analyzing data and it aims to give descrip- tion about subject that is being researched based on One particular area in which error might mostly the given variables from the group of researched occur is in the copula verb. Verbs are always subject and it is not intended to examine hypo- deemed to be the core of the sentence, in which in thesis.The data were in the form of sentences. The relation to other parts of speech, form the lexical researcher analyzed the data by describing Indo- units. A copula is in many languages is a verb-like nesian Language copula verbs used in the sentences. word, might be different in other languages and might also have relations to another component of Significance Of The Study the clause. Grammarians may have different views To some extent, this study is expected to about its terminology. Some of them name it as a contribute to the teaching, learning and translating verb and a few others as predicate. Its terminology is the Englishinto Indonesian language and vice versa. not a problem in our study therefore we can use both With the findings of this study, it is expected that of them in this paper.There are languages that do not Indonesian learners of English or vice versa will have copula verb; which causes the phenomenon of comprehendcopula verbs translation as well as ‘verb-less clauses’, while other languages may have thesimilarities and differences between copula verbs many copula verb. (Dixon: 2009).To study the in English and those inIndonesian. copula verb of Indonesian language means to ana- lyze the structure of a sentence. Harvey (2003)states Indonesian Language that linking verbs or copulas are verbs that show This national language of Indonesia was state of being. derived from Malay language and developed as a We note that all these grammarians, though national language in 1928, and borrowing words they may use differentterms from each other, gene- from many other language, such as Dutch, English, rally give the same definition for this grammatical Arabic, Sanskrit, Persian, English, Mandarin, concept. Therefore we do not think that its termino- Tamiland other languages. These days, Indonesian logy poses a problem in English grammar. We language ranks around sixth or seventh in size accept both terms (copula, linking-verb) as equi- among the world’s languages, spoken by more than valent to each other and both have a connective 200 million people in the modern states of function in the sentence.We can say that a copula is Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. And has a word used to link the subject of a sentence with a become an important vernacular in the southern predicate.There has not been many previous study provinces of Thailand, in East Timor and among the available about anysystematic about copular verbs in Malay people of Australia’s Cocos Keeling Islands Indonesian language. So, this particular study on the in the Indian Ocean. This language is even copular verbs as used by Indonesians learning understood in parts of the Sulu area of the southern English or vice versa might beuseful to evaluate Philippines and traces of it are to be found among current status of copular verbs which may show long people of Malay descent in Sri Lanka, South Africa term effecton the spoken and written English and other places (Pratika: 2016). literature developing inIndonesia or vice versa . Indonesian language is a branch of the Austronesian language family which extends across Objectives the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, This study is aimed to: together with many other languages in this family 1. Describe the types of copula in Indonesian such as Malagasy (spoken on Madagascar off the language and, coast of Africa), Javanese (famous for its extra- 2. Describe the structure of copula in Indonesian ordinarily elaborate system of honorific speech language. levels), Balinese (the language of the beautiful Hindu island of Bali), Tagalog or Filipino (the Methodology national language of the Philippines), and Maori (the A method is a way of doing something. To language of the indigenous Polynesian people of achieve the purpose of a research, the appropriate New Zealand). This is a straightforward yet complex method is used in this research. In line with the language for English speakers in term of pronun- purpose of the research that is to describe the copula ciation and its range of prefixes and suffixes which verbs in Indonesian, descriptive research is chosen are attached to base words just as, for example, the in this study. Along with qualitative design because English word “uncomfortable” is built up from the the data are informed of words rather than numbers base word “comfort”. in addition. Descriptive qualitative method is a way Jurnal Eduscience Volume 5 Nomor 1, Agustus 2019 2 Types of Copula Verb in Indonesian Language Like all languages, Indonesian language also the verb that has copular complementation when it is shows dialect variation. The main dialect division is followed by a subject complement or a predication between the northern dialect (today called Malay or adjunct, and when this element is impossible to be Malaysian) spoken in Malaysia, Singapore and left out without any alteration of the meaning of the Brunei, and the southern dialect spoken in Indonesia. verb. Linking verbs like appear, seem, look, sound, The southern variant may in turn be divided into two feel, smell and taste are items used to join the broad dialect domains, the western and the eastern, subject with its complement and are also often each having slightly different patterns of stress and named verbs of sensation.
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