Thulium Doped 2.0 Μm Laser and Amplifier Fibers

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Thulium Doped 2.0 Μm Laser and Amplifier Fibers

Thulium Doped 2.0 µm Laser and Amplifier Fibers Extending the useful range of laser & amplifier fibers into the mid-IR Nufern’s NuTDF fibers efficiently give emission at wavelengths beyond 2 microns through significant doping advancement focused on enabling the cross-relaxation, two-for-one pump photon technique. Our NuTDF fibers are available in both single and double-clad designs with up to 60% slope efficiencies. Nufern also offers a range of NuMATCH passive fibers to easily construct fiber lasers and amplifiers by minimizing splicing losses between components. The NuTDF family of thulium doped fibers have been used to set and reset world records and have already found commercial use www.nufern.com in medical, industrial and defense applications. Select from a complete family of 2 micron fibers and their matched passive fibers as standard off the shelf and in stock from Nufern. 866.466.0214 | www.nufern.com OPTICAL FIBERS — FIBER GYRO COILS — DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY — FIBER LASERS & AMPLIFIERS Thulium Doped 2µm Laser and Amplifier Fibers Optical Attributes Mechanical Attributes • Available in SM and LMA designs for your choice of pure single mode or • Proprietary doping technology – High glass damage threshold. higher power applications • NuCOATFA coating – Enhanced fiber reliability in demanding applica- • 1900 nm ➞ 2175 nm operating wavelengths tions • Prooftested to 100 kpsi – Excellent mechanical reliability • High optical efficiency: • High dynamic fatigue strength – Long life expectancy in typical • Using the cross-relaxation effect Tm doped fibers can achieve quantum deployment conditions efficiencies of ~60% with 793 nm pumping • Tm doped fibers have achieved class leading powers Applications >1 kW at ~2 µm • Ideal for LIDAR & LADAR sources • A full suite of NuMATCH complementary passive fibers give optimized splicing • Point-to-point free space telecommunications transceivers • Medical applications and surgical lasers • Organic material processing, plastic cutting, welding, sintering & marking, and eye safe industrial metal cutting & welding High Output Power at 2 μm (1kW) & High Efficiency from LMA-TDF-20/400 Fiber 1200 1000 800 600 400 2 µm Power, (W) 200 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 793 nm Pump Power, (W) Power Efficiency Curves for 2.12 μm Double-Clad Holmium Fiber Laser Pumped at 1950 nm by a Thulium Fiber Laser 120 450 vs. Coupled Power vs. Absorbed Power 400 100 y = 0.65x - 7.5 350 80 300 60 250 y = 0.59x - 7.2 200 40 150 Holmium Output, (W) Data courtesy of Defence 20 100 Science and Technology Holmium Output Power, (W) Holmium Output Power, Data courtesy of Defence Science and Technology Organisation Organisation (DSTO), (DSTO), Edinburgh, SA Australia 50 Edinburgh, SA Australia 0 0 50 100 150 200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1950 nm Pump Power, (W) Thulium Pump Power, (W) 7 Airport Park Road, East Granby, CT 06026 Toll Free: 866.466.0214 | Tel: 860.408.5000 | Fax: 860.844.0210 | www.nufern.com Capabilities and typical design parameters are described above. Various standard and OEM designs are available. NU0096-11/16.

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Rare Earth Elements: the Global Supply Chain
Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain Marc Humphries Analyst in Energy Policy September 30, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41347 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain Summary The concentration of production of rare earth elements (REEs) outside the United States raises the important issue of supply vulnerability. REEs are used for new energy technologies and national security applications. Is the United States vulnerable to supply disruptions of REEs? Are these elements essential to U.S. national security and economic well-being? There are 17 rare earth elements (REEs), 15 within the chemical group called lanthanides, plus yttrium and scandium. The lanthanides consist of the following: lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium. Rare earths are moderately abundant in the earth’s crust, some even more abundant than copper, lead, gold, and platinum. While more abundant than many other minerals, REE are not concentrated enough to make them easily exploitable economically. The United States was once self-reliant in domestically produced REEs, but over the past 15 years has become 100% reliant on imports, primarily from China, because of lower-cost operations. There is no rare earth mine production in the United States. U.S.-based Molycorp operates a separation plant at Mountain Pass, CA, and sells the rare earth concentrates and refined products from previously mined above-ground stocks. Neodymium, praseodymium, and lanthanum oxides are produced for further processing but these materials are not turned into rare earth metal in the United States.
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The Development of the Periodic Table and Its Consequences Citation: J
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The Symbols of the Chemical Elements
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THULIUM Element Symbol: Tm Atomic Number: 69
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