Food Periodic Table
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Chemistry (55)
156 Chemistry (55) Introduction 3) To expose the students to various emerging According to NCF 2005, the new and new areas of chemistry and apprise them updated curriculum is introduced at +2 stage. with their relevance in their future studies There is a need to provide the sufficient and their applications in various spheres conceptual background of chemistry which will of chemical sciences and technology. help the students to appear for different common 4) To equip students to face various changes entrance test at the state level and the national related to health, nutrition, environment, level. This new syllabus will make them population, weather, industries and competent to meet the challenges of academic agriculture. and professional courses like medicine, 5) To develop problem solving skills in engineering, technology, etc, after the +2 stage. students. The syllabus is comparable to the international 6) To expose the students to different level. processes used in industries and their The syllabus contains areas like physical, technological applications. organic, inorganic, industrial, analytical and 7) To apprise students with interface of polymer chemistry. The upgraded syllabus has chemistry with other disciplines of science taken care of new formulations and such as physics, biology, geology, nomenclature of elements, compounds and engineering, etc. IUPAC units of physical quantities. New nomenclature, symbols and formulations, Std. XI (Theory) fundamental concepts, modern techniques are given importance. Unit 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Objectives : General Introduction: Importance and The broad objectives of teaching scope of chemistry. Historical approach to Chemistry at Higher Secondary stage are to particulate nature of matter, laws of help the learners : chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic 1) To promote understanding of basic facts theory : concept of elements, atoms and and concepts in chemistry while retaining molecules. -
Treatment Outcome Following Use of the Erbium, Chromium:Yttrium
Treatment outcome following use IN BRIEF • Highlights that successful treatment RESEARCH of peri-implantitis is unpredictable and of the erbium, chromium:yttrium, usually involves the need for surgery. • Outlines a minimalistic treatment approach for peri-implantitis with promising results after six months. scandium, gallium, garnet laser • Suggests that the protocol described may be of use in a pilot study or controlled in the non-surgical management clinical trial. of peri-implantitis: a case series R. Al-Falaki,*1 M. Cronshaw2 and F. J. Hughes3 VERIFIABLE CPD PAPER Aim To date there is no consensus on the appropriate usage of lasers in the management of peri-implantitis. Our aim was to conduct a retrospective clinical analysis of a case series of implants treated using an erbium, chromium:yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet laser. Materials and methods Twenty-eight implants with peri-implantitis in 11 patients were treated with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (68 sites >4 mm), using a 14 mm, 500 μm diameter, 60º (85%) radial firing tip (1.5 W, 30 Hz, short (140 μs) pulse, 50 mJ/pulse, 50% water, 40% air). Probing depths were recorded at baseline after 2 months and 6 months, along with the presence of bleeding on probing. Results The age range was 27-69 years (mean 55.9); mean pocket depth at baseline was 6.64 ± SD 1.48 mm (range 5-12 mm),with a mean residual depth of 3.29 ± 1.02 mm (range 1-6 mm) after 2 months, and 2.97 ± 0.7 mm (range 1-9 mm) at 6 months. -
Comparison of Lead Calcium and Lead Selenium Alloys
A COMPARISON OF LEAD CALCIUM & LEAD SELENIUM ALLOYS Separating Fact From Fiction By: Carey O’Donnell & Chuck Finin Background Debate between lead antimony vs. lead calcium has been ongoing for almost 70 years Both are mature ‘technologies’, with major battery producers and users in both camps Batteries based on both alloy types have huge installed bases around the globe Time to take another look for US applications: • New market forces at work • Significant improvements in alloy compositions • Recognize that users are looking for viable options Objectives Provide a brief history of the development and use of both lead selenium (antimony) and lead calcium; objectively compare and contrast the performance and characteristics of each type To attempt to draw conclusions about the performance, reliability, and life expectancy of each alloy type; suitability of each for use in the US Then & Now: Primary Challenges in Battery Manufacturing The improvement of lead alloy compositions for increased tensile strength, improved casting, & conductive performance Developing better compositions & processes for the application and retention of active material on the grids Alloy Debate: Lead Calcium Vs. Lead Selenium Continues to dominate & define much of the technical and market debate in US Good reasons for this: • Impacts grid & product design, long-term product performance & reliability • Directly affects physical strength & hardness of grid; manufacturability • Influences grid corrosion & growth, retention of active material History of Antimony First -
Obesity and Nutrients and the Interactions of Environment Factors, Beside Starvation in the World
Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control Review Article Open Access Obesity and nutrients and the interactions of environment factors, beside starvation in the world Abstract Volume 7 Issue 1 - 2017 Basic nutrients are necessary for surviving and healthy life for human. Some of them Necla Çağlarırmak essential food compounds, On the other hand, Nutrition is large and detail term for Food Process Department, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Turkey to be able to explain its meaning because of the main factors; environment, ecology, tradition, economy, education, health events, age steps, special terms of life, gender, Correspondence: Necla Çağlarırmak, Food Process life style, exercise, pregnancy or lactation periods for women etc. All of these factors Department, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Saruhanli College, should interact for each other’s. The environment factors include ecology, climate, Saruhanli-Manisa, Turkey, Email [email protected] geography and tradition for nutrition habits. A typical example is Mediterranean type nutrition or far east nutrition habits. Received: May 28, 2017 | Published: July 11, 2017 Keywords: nutrients, food chemistry, environment, nutrition habits, exercise Introduction If food chemistry and molecular biology are known well, there should be solved an important section of excessive nutrition causing The basic terms and science of health or life sciences related obesity with other affected factors. to obesity places in main nutrients of food chemistry. The main macronutrients are lipids, carbohydrates, protein, micronutrients Food and nutrition pyramids are vitamins and nutritive minerals. Essential food components are Every time nutrient intake must be taken according to food essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. biochemistry and nutrition principles such as food pyramids even Balanced and sufficient diet comprises essential nutrients and enough they can change in the kinds of periods but basically principles are calorie intakes. -
Evolution and Understanding of the D-Block Elements in the Periodic Table Cite This: Dalton Trans., 2019, 48, 9408 Edwin C
Dalton Transactions View Article Online PERSPECTIVE View Journal | View Issue Evolution and understanding of the d-block elements in the periodic table Cite this: Dalton Trans., 2019, 48, 9408 Edwin C. Constable Received 20th February 2019, The d-block elements have played an essential role in the development of our present understanding of Accepted 6th March 2019 chemistry and in the evolution of the periodic table. On the occasion of the sesquicentenniel of the dis- DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00765b covery of the periodic table by Mendeleev, it is appropriate to look at how these metals have influenced rsc.li/dalton our understanding of periodicity and the relationships between elements. Introduction and periodic tables concerning objects as diverse as fruit, veg- etables, beer, cartoon characters, and superheroes abound in In the year 2019 we celebrate the sesquicentennial of the publi- our connected world.7 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. cation of the first modern form of the periodic table by In the commonly encountered medium or long forms of Mendeleev (alternatively transliterated as Mendelejew, the periodic table, the central portion is occupied by the Mendelejeff, Mendeléeff, and Mendeléyev from the Cyrillic d-block elements, commonly known as the transition elements ).1 The periodic table lies at the core of our under- or transition metals. These elements have played a critical rôle standing of the properties of, and the relationships between, in our understanding of modern chemistry and have proved to the 118 elements currently known (Fig. 1).2 A chemist can look be the touchstones for many theories of valence and bonding. -
The Safety Evaluation of Food Flavouring Substances
Toxicology Research View Article Online REVIEW View Journal The safety evaluation of food flavouring substances: the role of metabolic studies Cite this: DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00254h Robert L. Smith,a Samuel M. Cohen, b Shoji Fukushima,c Nigel J. Gooderham,d Stephen S. Hecht,e F. Peter Guengerich, f Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens,g Maria Bastaki,h Christie L. Harman,h Margaret M. McGowenh and Sean V. Taylor *h The safety assessment of a flavour substance examines several factors, including metabolic and physio- logical disposition data. The present article provides an overview of the metabolism and disposition of flavour substances by identifying general applicable principles of metabolism to illustrate how information on metabolic fate is taken into account in their safety evaluation. The metabolism of the majority of flavour substances involves a series both of enzymatic and non-enzymatic biotransformation that often results in products that are more hydrophilic and more readily excretable than their precursors. Flavours can undergo metabolic reactions, such as oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis that alter a functional group relative to the parent compound. The altered functional group may serve as a reaction site for a sub- sequent metabolic transformation. Metabolic intermediates undergo conjugation with an endogenous agent such as glucuronic acid, sulphate, glutathione, amino acids, or acetate. Such conjugates are typi- Received 25th September 2017, cally readily excreted through the kidneys and liver. This paper summarizes the types of metabolic reac- Accepted 21st March 2018 tions that have been documented for flavour substances that are added to the human food chain, the DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00254h methodologies available for metabolic studies, and the factors that affect the metabolic fate of a flavour rsc.li/toxicology-research substance. -
Minnesota FACS Frameworks for Food Science
FOOD SCIENCE Minnesota Department of Education Academic Standards Course Framework Food Science Program: 090101 Program Name: Food and Food Industries Course Code: 21, 22 Food Science is a course that provides students with opportunities to participate in a variety of activities including laboratory work. This is a standards-based, interdisciplinary science course that integrates biology, chemistry, and microbiology in the context of foods and the global food industry. Students enrolled in this course formulate, design, and carry out food-base laboratory and field investigations as an essential course component. Students understand how biology, chemistry, and physics principles apply to the composition of foods, the nutrition of foods, food and food product development, food processing, food safety and sanitation, food packaging, and food storage. Students completing this course will be able to apply the principles of scientific inquiry to solve problems related to biology, physics, and chemistry in the context of highly advanced industry applications of foods. Recommended Prerequisites: Fundamentals of Food Preparation, Nutrition and Wellness Application of Content and Multiple Hour Offerings Intensive laboratory applications are a component of this course and may be either school based or work based or a combination of the two. Work-based learning experiences should be in a closely related industry setting. Instructors shall have a standards-based training plan for students participating in work-based learning experiences. When a course is offered for multiple hours per semester, the amount of laboratory application or work-based learning needs to be increased proportionally. Career and Technical Student Organizations Career and Technical Student Organizations (CTSO) are considered a powerful instructional tool when integrated into Career and Technical Education programs. -
Food Additives Safety and Maximum Use Level
5/10/2017 FOOD ADDITIVES SAFETY & MAXIMUM USE LEVEL Nuri Andarwulan SEAFAST Center, IPB (Southeast Asian Food & Agr. Sci & Tech Center) Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, IPB [email protected] Outline Food additives Chemicals HOW are food additives regulated? Maximum use level of food additive [email protected] 1 5/10/2017 Food Additive is a substance (intentionally) added to food to alter the properties and/or the appearance of the food [email protected] As described by Paracelsus nearly 500 years ago, “All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy”. This means that any chemical substance is likely to produce some form(s) of harmful effect, if taken in sufficient quantity. More addition of a chemical in food does not itself make food unsafe, but the quantity used in food, quantity of that food consumed and bodyweight will decide the safety. [email protected] 2 5/10/2017 The Codex definition of hazard is “a biological, chemical or physical agent with the potential to cause an adverse health effect”. The likelihood or risk of that hazard actually occurring in humans is dependent upon the quantity of chemical encountered or taken into the body, i.e. the exposure. [email protected] WHY do we need to regulate food additives? These chemicals may be harmful to your health (if consumed above the safety margin level) Benford, D. 2000, ILSI Europe [email protected] 3 5/10/2017 Food Additive (Codex Stan 192-1995) • Any substance not normally consumed as a food by itself and not normally used as a typical ingredient of the food, whether or not it has nutritive value, the intentional addition of which to food for a technological (including organoleptic) purpose in the manufacture, processing, preparation, treatment, packing, packaging and transport. -
An Alternate Graphical Representation of Periodic Table of Chemical Elements Mohd Abubakr1, Microsoft India (R&D) Pvt
An Alternate Graphical Representation of Periodic table of Chemical Elements Mohd Abubakr1, Microsoft India (R&D) Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India. [email protected] Abstract Periodic table of chemical elements symbolizes an elegant graphical representation of symmetry at atomic level and provides an overview on arrangement of electrons. It started merely as tabular representation of chemical elements, later got strengthened with quantum mechanical description of atomic structure and recent studies have revealed that periodic table can be formulated using SO(4,2) SU(2) group. IUPAC, the governing body in Chemistry, doesn‟t approve any periodic table as a standard periodic table. The only specific recommendation provided by IUPAC is that the periodic table should follow the 1 to 18 group numbering. In this technical paper, we describe a new graphical representation of periodic table, referred as „Circular form of Periodic table‟. The advantages of circular form of periodic table over other representations are discussed along with a brief discussion on history of periodic tables. 1. Introduction The profoundness of inherent symmetry in nature can be seen at different depths of atomic scales. Periodic table symbolizes one such elegant symmetry existing within the atomic structure of chemical elements. This so called „symmetry‟ within the atomic structures has been widely studied from different prospects and over the last hundreds years more than 700 different graphical representations of Periodic tables have emerged [1]. Each graphical representation of chemical elements attempted to portray certain symmetries in form of columns, rows, spirals, dimensions etc. Out of all the graphical representations, the rectangular form of periodic table (also referred as Long form of periodic table or Modern periodic table) has gained wide acceptance. -
Oregon Department of Human Services HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION
Oregon Department of Human Services Office of Environmental Public Health (503) 731-4030 Emergency 800 NE Oregon Street #604 (971) 673-0405 Portland, OR 97232-2162 (971) 673-0457 FAX (971) 673-0372 TTY-Nonvoice TECHNICAL BULLETIN HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION Prepared by: Department of Human Services ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION Office of Environmental Public Health OCTOBER, 1998 CALCIUM CARBONATE "lime, limewater” For More Information Contact: Environmental Toxicology Section (971) 673-0440 Drinking Water Section (971) 673-0405 Technical Bulletin - Health Effects Information CALCIUM CARBONATE, "lime, limewater@ Page 2 SYNONYMS: Lime, ground limestone, dolomite, sugar lime, oyster shell, coral shell, marble dust, calcite, whiting, marl dust, putty dust CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: - Molecular Formula: CaCO3 - White solid, crystals or powder, may draw moisture from the air and become damp on exposure - Odorless, chalky, flat, sweetish flavor (Do not confuse with "anhydrous lime" which is a special form of calcium hydroxide, an extremely caustic, dangerous product. Direct contact with it is immediately injurious to skin, eyes, intestinal tract and respiratory system.) WHERE DOES CALCIUM CARBONATE COME FROM? Calcium carbonate can be mined from the earth in solid form or it may be extracted from seawater or other brines by industrial processes. Natural shells, bones and chalk are composed predominantly of calcium carbonate. WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLE USES OF CALCIUM CARBONATE? Calcium carbonate is an important ingredient of many household products. It is used as a whitening agent in paints, soaps, art products, paper, polishes, putty products and cement. It is used as a filler and whitener in many cosmetic products including mouth washes, creams, pastes, powders and lotions. -
The Development of the Periodic Table and Its Consequences Citation: J
Firenze University Press www.fupress.com/substantia The Development of the Periodic Table and its Consequences Citation: J. Emsley (2019) The Devel- opment of the Periodic Table and its Consequences. Substantia 3(2) Suppl. 5: 15-27. doi: 10.13128/Substantia-297 John Emsley Copyright: © 2019 J. Emsley. This is Alameda Lodge, 23a Alameda Road, Ampthill, MK45 2LA, UK an open access, peer-reviewed article E-mail: [email protected] published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress.com/substantia) and distributed under the terms of the Abstract. Chemistry is fortunate among the sciences in having an icon that is instant- Creative Commons Attribution License, ly recognisable around the world: the periodic table. The United Nations has deemed which permits unrestricted use, distri- 2019 to be the International Year of the Periodic Table, in commemoration of the 150th bution, and reproduction in any medi- anniversary of the first paper in which it appeared. That had been written by a Russian um, provided the original author and chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev, and was published in May 1869. Since then, there have source are credited. been many versions of the table, but one format has come to be the most widely used Data Availability Statement: All rel- and is to be seen everywhere. The route to this preferred form of the table makes an evant data are within the paper and its interesting story. Supporting Information files. Keywords. Periodic table, Mendeleev, Newlands, Deming, Seaborg. Competing Interests: The Author(s) declare(s) no conflict of interest. INTRODUCTION There are hundreds of periodic tables but the one that is widely repro- duced has the approval of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and is shown in Fig.1. -
FRANCIUM Element Symbol: Fr Atomic Number: 87
FRANCIUM Element Symbol: Fr Atomic Number: 87 An initiative of IYC 2011 brought to you by the RACI KAYE GREEN www.raci.org.au FRANCIUM Element symbol: Fr Atomic number: 87 Francium (previously known as eka-cesium and actinium K) is a radioactive metal and the second rarest naturally occurring element after Astatine. It is the least stable of the first 103 elements. Very little is known of the physical and chemical properties of Francium compared to other elements. Francium was discovered by Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute in Paris, France in 1939. However, the existence of an element of atomic number 87 was predicted in the 1870s by Dmitri Mendeleev, creator of the first version of the periodic table, who presumed it would have chemical and physical properties similar to Cesium. Several research teams attempted to isolate this missing element, and there were at least four false claims of discovery during which it was named Russium (after the home country of soviet chemist D. K. Dobroserdov), Alkalinium (by English chemists Gerald J. K. Druce and Frederick H. Loring as the heaviest alkali metal), Virginium (after Virginia, home state of chemist Fred Allison), and Moldavium (by Horia Hulubei and Yvette Cauchois after Moldavia, the Romanian province where they conducted their work). Perey finally discovered Francium after purifying radioactive Actinium-227 from Lanthanum, and detecting particles decaying at low energy levels not previously identified. The new product exhibited chemical properties of an alkali metal (such as co-precipitating with Cesium salts), which led Perey to believe that it was element 87, caused by the alpha radioactive decay of Actinium-227.