DOCSLIB.ORG

September 2007 Summary

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
September 2007 Summary The Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics of Multiple Natural Enemies Edward Owen Jones Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield September 2007 Summary Natural organisms are infected by many different parasites, and how these parasites interact with each other has important ecological and evolutionary implications. This study is to understand how organisms with different transmission strategies effect the evolution of each other. Parasites that transmit vertically benefit from the host having a high reproductive rate whilst hosts that transmit horizontally are not affected by host reproduction. Some horizontal parasites may reduce host fecundity to benefit their own replication within the host. Therefore there will be clear conflict between vertically and horizontally transmitted parasites. The evolution of traits such as vertically transmitted `protection' and `sabotage' are likely to be costly in terms of other life history traits. In the presence of such `trade-offs, ' the parasite population will evolve towards the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) that balances the costs and benefits of these strategies in response to a horizontally transmitted parasite. The ecology of the interaction of vertically and horizontally transmitting parasites is also examined. Further to this, field data is used to construct a model of two horizontally transmitting parasites, a pathogen and a parasitoid that occur on the Orkney Isles. We demonstrate how each of them, and both in combination, may have a large effect on resultant dynamics of winter moth, Operophtera brumata, populations. `A little nonsensenow and then is relished by the wisest men' Roald Dahl Contents Acknowledgements iv .................................................................................................. Declaration V ............................................................................................................... 1. Introduction 1 .......................................................................................................... 1.1 Ecological Outline: Host interactions 2 and multiple enemy ........................................... 1.1.1 Ecology 2 of multiple enemy systems ..................................................................... 1.1.2 Models 4 of multiple enemy systems ..................................................................... 1.1.3 The Model The Winter Moth Orkney 7 system: on ............................................... 1.1.4 Natural Enemies: Parasitoids, Pathogens Predators 8 and .................................... 1.2 Evolutionary Outline: Host Multiple Enemy Interactions 11 and .................................... 1.2.1 Evolution Parasites 11 of ......................................................................................... 1.2.2 Models Evolution Parasites 12 of the of ................................................................. 1.2.3 Models Evolution Multiple Parasites 12 of the of ............................................... 1.3 Theoretical Approach 14 .................................................................................................... 1.3.1 Population Dynamics 14 ......................................................................................... 1.3.2 Winter dynamics 15 moth ........................................................................................ 1.3.3 Evolutionarily Stable Strategies Adaptive Dynamics 15 and ............................... 1-4 Thesis 17 outline ................................................................................................................. 2. Interference Persistence Vertically Transmitted Parasites 19 and the of ..................... 2.1 Introduction 20 .................................................................................................................... 2.2 Models Analysis 22 and ...................................................................................................... 2.3 Discussion 33 ....................................................................................................................... 3. The Evolutionary implications of conflict between parasites with different transmission 36 modes .................................................................................................. 3.1 Introduction 37 .................................................................................................................... 3.2 The Model 39 ...................................................................................................................... 3.2.1 Evolution the horizontally transmitted 40 of parasite ............................................ 3.2.2 Evolution 44 of the vertically transmitted parasite ................................................ 3.2.4 Coevolution of both the horizontally and vertically transmitted parasites...... 50 3.3 Discussion 52 ....................................................................................................................... 4. The direct between 57 evolution of protection and sabotage: conflict parasites......... 4.1 Introduction 58 .................................................................................................................... 4.2 The Evolutionary Dynamics Protection 60 of ................................................................... 4.2.1 The in transmitted 61 evolution of protection vertically parasites ........................ 4.2.2 Evolution of a horizontally transmittedparasite in the presenceof a protecting 63 vertically transmitted parasite...................................................................................... 4.2.3 Coevolution of a protecting vertically transmitted parasite and horizontally 65 transmitted parasite...................................................................................................... 4.3 The dynamics `Sabotage' 68 evolutionary of .................................................................... 4.3.1 Evolution of the horizontally transmitting parasitein the presenceof a transmitting 69 sabotaging vertically parasite ................................................................. 4.3.2 Evolution of sabotage in a vertically transmitted parasite in the presence of a horizontally transmitted 71 castrating parasite ................................................................ 4.3.3 How do the horizontally transmitted parasite and the vertically transmitted 7 72 parasite coevolve ........................................................................................................ 4.4 Discussion 74 ....................................................................................................................... 5. The its Orkney 78 winter moth and natural enemies on ............................................. 5.1 Introduction 79 .................................................................................................................... 5.2 Methods 82 .......................................................................................................................... 5.2.1 Larval Collection 82 ................................................................................................ 5.2.2 Stage Dependency 82 ............................................................................................... 5.2.3 Bioassay 84 ............................................................................................................... 5.2.4 Statistical 85 analysis ............................................................................................... 5.3 Results 85 ............................................................................................................................. 5.3.1 Field 85 collection .................................................................................................... 5.3.2 Stage 93 structure..................................................................................................... 5.3.3 Bioassay 103 ............................................................................................................. 5.4 Discussion 106 ..................................................................................................................... 6. The its Orkney: A Model 113 winter moth and natural enemies on ........................... 6.1 Introduction 114 .................................................................................................................. 6.2 Host Model 117 ................................................................................................................... 6.3 Host NPV 120 and model ................................................................................................... 6.3.1 Host-pathogen dynamics 123 .................................................................................. 6.4 Parasitoid Host Model 131 and .......................................................................................... 6.4.1 Host-parasitoid dynamics 133 ................................................................................. 6.5 Host-Pathogen-Parasitoid Model 141 ................................................................................ 6.5.1 Host-pathogen-parasitoid dynamics 141 ................................................................ 6.6 Discussion 144 ..................................................................................................................... 7. Discussion 151 chapter............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Monitoring Report Spring/Summer 2015 Contents
    Wimbledon and Putney Commons Monitoring Report Spring/Summer 2015 Contents CONTEXT 1 A. SYSTEMATIC RECORDING 3 METHODS 3 OUTCOMES 6 REFLECTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 18 B. BIOBLITZ 19 REFLECTIONS AND LESSONS LEARNT 21 C. REFERENCES 22 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location of The Plain on Wimbledon and Putney Commons 2 Figure 2 Experimental Reptile Refuge near the Junction of Centre Path and Somerset Ride 5 Figure 3 Contrasting Cut and Uncut Areas in the Conservation Zone of The Plain, Spring 2015 6/7 Figure 4 Notable Plant Species Recorded on The Plain, Summer 2015 8 Figure 5 Meadow Brown and white Admiral Butterflies 14 Figure 6 Hairy Dragonfly and Willow Emerald Damselfly 14 Figure 7 The BioBlitz Route 15 Figure 8 Vestal and European Corn-borer moths 16 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Mowing Dates for the Conservation Area of The Plain 3 Table 2 Dates for General Observational Records of The Plain, 2015 10 Table 3 Birds of The Plain, Spring - Summer 2015 11 Table 4 Summary of Insect Recording in 2015 12/13 Table 5 Rare Beetles Living in the Vicinity of The Plain 15 LIST OF APPENDICES A1 The Wildlife and Conservation Forum and Volunteer Recorders 23 A2 Sward Height Data Spring 2015 24 A3 Floral Records for The Plain : Wimbledon and Putney Commons 2015 26 A4 The Plain Spring and Summer 2015 – John Weir’s General Reports 30 A5 a Birds on The Plain March to September 2015; 41 B Birds on The Plain - summary of frequencies 42 A6 ai Butterflies on The Plain (DW) 43 aii Butterfly long-term transect including The Plain (SR) 44 aiii New woodland butterfly transect
    [Show full text]
  • Nonlinear Time Series Analysis Unravels Underlying Mechanisms of Interspecific Synchrony Among Foliage-Feeding Forest Lepidoptera Species
    Received: 28 November 2018 Revised: 5 August 2019 Accepted: 16 August 2019 Published on: 5 November 2019 DOI: 10.1002/1438-390X.12025 ORIGINAL ARTICLE - INVITED Nonlinear time series analysis unravels underlying mechanisms of interspecific synchrony among foliage-feeding forest Lepidoptera species Kazutaka Kawatsu1 | Takehiko Yamanaka2 | Jan Patoèka3† | Andrew M. Liebhold3,4 1Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Abstract 2Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Interspecific synchrony, that is, synchrony in population dynamics among sympatric NARO (NIAES), Tsukuba, Japan populations of different species can arise via several possible mechanisms, including com- 3Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, mon environmental effects, direct interactions between species, and shared trophic interac- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, tions, so that distinguishing the relative importance of these causes can be challenging. In Praha, Czech Republic 4USDA Forest Service Northeastern this study, to overcome this difficulty, we combine traditional correlation analysis with a Research Station, Morgantown, West novel framework of nonlinear time series analysis, empirical dynamic modeling (EDM). Virginia The EDM is an analytical framework to identify causal relationships and measure chang- Correspondence ing interaction strength from time series. We apply this approach to time series of sympat- Kazutaka Kawatsu, Graduate School of Life ric foliage-feeding forest Lepidoptera species in the Slovak Republic and yearly mean Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai temperature, precipitation and North Atlantic Oscillation Index. These Lepidoptera species 980-8578, Japan. Email: [email protected] include both free-feeding and leaf-roller larval life histories: the former are hypothesized to be more strongly affected by similar exogenous environments, while the latter are iso- Funding information lated from such pressures.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) 677-686 Download
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Linzer biologische Beiträge Jahr/Year: 2017 Band/Volume: 0049_1 Autor(en)/Author(s): Maharramova Sheyda Mamed, Ayberk Hamit Artikel/Article: New records of leafrollers reared in Azerbaijan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) 677-686 download www.zobodat.at Linzer biol. Beitr. 49/1 677-686 28.7.2017 New records of leafrollers reared in Azerbaijan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Sheyda MAHARRAMOVA & Hamit AYBERK A b s t r a c t : 17 species of tortricid moths had been defined for the eastern parts of Azerbaijan during the years of 1994-2015. Five of these, Ptycholoma lecheana (LINNAEUS, 1758), Cacoecimorpha pronubana HÜBNER, 1799, Eudemis profundana ([DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER], 1775), Hedya salicella (LINNAEUS, 1758), and Epinotia demarniana (FISCHER VON RÖSLERSTAMM, 1840), are new to the Azerbaijan fauna; two of them (Cacoecimorpha pronubana and Epinotia demarniana) are new to the Caucasian fauna, as well. Leafrollers were collected in the larval and pupal stage from March to September on their food plants according to the sampling methods. The early stages were kept in the laboratory until adult emergence, after which they were killed and pinned. Data on newly recorded leafrollers are given in the text including species name, collection area, coordinates of area, data of collection, food plants on which they were recorded, and sex of specimen(s). Key words: Tortricids, damage, host plants, Azerbaijan, fauna. Introduction Tortricidae, commonly known as leafrollers, are one of the most diverse families in the Microlepidoptera. The number of leafroller species in countries bordering Azerbaijan differs among the adjacent regions: 469 species are recorded from Turkey (KOÇAK & KEMAL 2012), 145 species from Iran (KOÇAK & KEMAL 2012), and 139 species from Georgia (ESARTIA 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Seven Species of Olethreutinae (Lepidoptera
    JAPB63_proof ■ 19 May 2015 ■ 1/6 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2015) 1e6 55 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect 56 57 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 58 59 60 journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb 61 62 63 Original Article 64 65 1 Seven species of Olethreutinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) new to 66 2 67 3 Korea 68 4 69 a b c,* 5 Q14 Jae-Cheon Sohn , Kyu-Tek Park , Soowon Cho 70 6 a 71 7 Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA Q1 b The Korean Academy of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea 72 8 c Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea 73 9 74 10 75 11 article info abstract 76 12 77 13 Article history: Seven species of Olethreutinae, namely, Bactra venosana (Zeller), Eudemis brevisetosa Oku, Gypsonoma 78 14 Received 10 March 2015 dealbana (Frölich), Hedya iophaea (Meyrick), Lobesia takahirai Bae, Pammene nemorosa Kuznetsov, and 79 Received in revised form 15 Phaecadophora fimbrata Walsingham are reported from Korea for the first time. Photos of adult habitus 80 20 April 2015 16 and genitalia are provided if available. Accepted 23 April 2015 81 Copyright Ó 2015, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). 17 Available online xxx 82 Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// 18 83 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 19 Keywords: 84 20 fauna 85 host plants 21 86 22 new record Tortricoidea 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 Introduction In this paper, we report seven species of Olethreutinae new to 91 27 Korea.
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT on APPLES – Fruit Pathway and Alert List
    EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 5 - REPORT on APPLES – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Wistermann A, Steffen K, Grousset F, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/107o25ccc1b2c DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Background on apple .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Data on production and trade of apple fruit ................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Pathway ‘apple fruit’ .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bat Aggregational Response to Pest Caterpillar Emergence Ján Blažek*, Adam Konečný & Tomáš Bartonička
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Bat aggregational response to pest caterpillar emergence Ján Blažek*, Adam Konečný & Tomáš Bartonička Moths (Lepidoptera) are major agricultural and forest pests in many parts of the world, including Europe, with many causing great economic damage to crops, horticultural plants, stored items, and wool products. Here, we focus on two ecologically similar inchworms, Operophtera brumata and Erannis defoliaria, known for their high foliage consumption during the spring emergence of caterpillars. We hypothesise that bats could play a role in reducing pests such as caterpillars by switching to this abundant emerging prey. At two infested and one control forest sites, caterpillars were sampled during spring to determine levels of infestation. At the same time, bat fight activity was monitored during the peak in caterpillar abundance. During the spring caterpillar outbreak, we collected faecal samples of forest-dwelling bats capable of using gleaning. The majority of samples were positive for our focus species, being 51.85% for O. brumata and 29.63% for E. defoliaria faecal samples. The foraging activity of two gleaning bats, Myotis nattereri and Myotis bechsteinii, increased at both infested sites, but not at the control site, during caterpillar emergence, as did foraging of Plecotus auritus/austriacus, which used both gleaning and aerial hawking. We conclude that both specialists and occasional gleaners, which prefer diferent prey but are able to switch their foraging strategies, aggregate at sites during pest emergence and, as such, our results confrm the high potential of bats to reduce numbers of pest species such as caterpillars. A predator’s efect on prey populations is generally studied using numerical responses 1,2 driven by two mecha- nisms, migration of predators to sites with high prey concentrations (aggregational response) and predator reproduction, which results in a delayed increase in the density of predators3.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tachinid Times
    The Tachinid Times ISSUE 20 February 2007 Jim O’Hara, editor Invertebrate Biodiversity Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada C.E.F., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6 Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] A few months ago the 6th International Congress of illustrate their articles with colour images, since these add Dipterology (ICD6) was held in Fukuoka, Japan. These to the visual appeal of the newsletter and are easily Congresses, held every four years, provide an excellent incorporated into the final PDF document. Please send forum for communicating the results of recent research and images as separate files apart from the text. for meeting with colleagues who share similar interests. In The Tachinid Times is purposely not peer-reviewed this issue of The Tachinid Times, the abstracts of oral and to retain its status as a newsletter and avoid attracting poster presentations on tachinid flies given at the Congress articles that are more properly published in recognized are reprinted. The topics spanned a variety of subdisciplines journals. However, I personally review and edit all sub- from morphological and molecular systematics to behavior, missions, and the newsletter as a whole is reviewed in- ecology and faunistics, illustrating the vast potential of the ternally within my organization before it is posted on the Tachinidae as subjects for investigative research. Anyone Internet and distributed in hardcopy. Articles in The wishing to view the entire Abstracts Volume from ICD6 Tachinid Times are cited in Zoological Record. can do so by visiting the International Congresses of I would like to thank Shannon Mahony for her Dipterology website.
    [Show full text]
  • The Organic Vineyard As a Balanced Ecosystem: Improved Organic
    Scientia Horticulturae 208 (2016) 43–56 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Scientia Horticulturae journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scihorti The organic vineyard as a balanced ecosystem: Improved organic grape management and impacts on wine quality a,∗ b,∗ Caroline Provost , Karine Pedneault a Centre de recherche agroalimentaire de Mirabel, 9850 Belle-Rivière, Mirabel, Quebec, Canada b Centre de développement bioalimentaire du Québec, 1642 rue de la Ferme, La Pocatiere, Quebec, Canada a r a t i b s c t l e i n f o r a c t Article history: Worldwide interest for organic farming increased significantly since the last decade. Wine makes no Received 11 August 2015 exception to this trend, as consumer demand for organic wines and environmental friendly viticulture Received in revised form 6 April 2016 practices increases. Organic wine production aims at producing high quality grapes and wines while Accepted 20 April 2016 minimizing the use of inputs, both in the vineyard and the winery. Its success lies in an approach that Available online 18 May 2016 takes advantage of the biodiversity to maintain a balance between resource availability, living organisms and productivity in the vineyard, while maintaining pest and disease at the lowest level. In this review, we Keywords: will present management practices for successful grape production under organic management, including Organic viticulture methods for disease and pest prevention, and treatments in the vineyard. Then, we will review the impact Organic farming of organic grape management on the quality of organic wine. Grapevine disease Integrated pest management © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • With Description of Cydia Magnesiae Trematerra & Colacci, Sp
    SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Trematerra, P.; Colacci, M. Contribution to the faunal study of the Tortricidae of Pelion Mountains (Greece) with description of Cydia magnesiae Trematerra & Colacci, sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 45, núm. 179, septiembre, 2017, pp. 467-480 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45552790012 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative SHILAP Revta. lepid., 45 (179) septiembre 2017: 467-480 eISSN: 2340-4078 ISSN: 0300-5267 Contribution to the faunal study of the Tortricidae of Pelion Mountains (Greece) with description of Cydia magnesiae Trematerra & Colacci, sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) P. Trematerra & M. Colacci Abstract The following contribution highlights an overview of the 50 species of Tortricidae captured on Pelion Mountain, in Central Greece, during several field trips by the authors. Eleven new species to the Greek fauna were recorded: Aethes margaritana, Eana incanana, Paramesia diffusana, Tosirips magyarus, Eudemis profundana, Ancylis badiana, Pelochrista modicana, Grapholita lathyrana, Grapholita tenebrosana, Dichrorampha alpigenana and Dichroranpha inconspiqua. Ceratoxanthis giansalottii, Endothenia apotomisana and Cydia pelionae are found to be endemic to Greece. Dichroranpha inconspiqua is reported for the first time in Europe. Cydia magnesiae Trematerra & Colacci, sp. n. is described as new. KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, fauna, first records, Cydia magnesiae , Greece.
    [Show full text]
  • Appl. Entomol. Zool. 40 (3): 399–404 (2005)
    Appl. Entomol. Zool. 40 (3): 399–404 (2005) http://odokon.ac.affrc.go.jp/ Population establishment of the leafroller Eudemis gyrotis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) at a new plantation of bayberry Myrica rubra (Myricaceae) Shinji SUGIURA*,† Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University; Kyoto 606–8502, Japan (Received 19 December 2004; Accepted 24 February 2005) Abstract To clarify the immigration process of a phytophagous insect to a new habitat, I examined seasonal changes in the abundance and parasitism of larvae and pupae of a leafroller, Eudemis gyrotis (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), at both a new and an old plantation of the bayberry Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. (Myricaceae) on Mt. Tanakami, Shiga Prefecture, central Japan, in 1999. E. gyrotis adults singly lay eggs on only young leaves of M. rubra, and their larvae feed on the leaves. Therefore, the young leaves of M. rubra are necessary for the occurrence of E. gyrotis larvae. The number of E. gyrotis larvae per tree was correlated with the amount of young leaves per tree. At the old plantation where E. gyrotis had already been found in 1998, the larval occurrence of E. gyrotis began in late May. At the new plantation, which was at a distance of ca. 600 m from the old plantation, E. gyrotis larvae had not occurred by late July, although there was an abundance of young leaves of M. rubra in late May. These findings suggest that E. gyrotis adults that had emerged from the old plantation in July immigrated to the new plantation and laid eggs on the plants there.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Biodiversity in the Vineyard 2018
    OIV COLLECTIVE EXPERTISE FUNCTIONAL BIODIVERSITY IN THE VINEYARD 2018 © OIV SCOPE This document will present an overview about functional biodiversity in vineyards and try to illustrate major aspects of functional biodiversity in the viticultural sector: • Why enhancement of biodiversity and on what extent is beneficial for the vineyard? • Identify and illustrate different ecological infrastructures existing in the vineyards; • Identify and illustrate major mechanisms of interactions between species or group of species; • Identify and illustrate how these interactions can be used for the benefit of the vineyard. WARNING COORDINATOR This document has not been submitted to the step OIV Procedure for Examining Resolutions and cannot in any way be treated as an OIV resolution. Only resolutions AUTHORS adopted by the Member States of the OIV have an official character. This document has been drafted in the Stefano Stefanucci (Italy) framework of Commission Viticulture (ENVIRO group: «Sustainable development and climate change») and António Graça (Portugal) revised by other OIV Commissions. Vittorino Novello (Italy) This document, drafted and developed on the initiative of Ignacio Belda (Spain) the OIV, is a collective expert report. Cristina Carlos (Portugal) Jacques Gautier (France) © OIV publications, 1st Edition: November 2018 (Paris, France) ISBN 979-10-91799-93-5 OIV - International Organisation of Vine and Wine 18, rue d’Aguesseau F-75008 Paris - France E-Mail: [email protected] www.oiv.int © OIV INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION 7 2. ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS 9 2.1 Definition of biodiversity 9 2.2 What is a Functional Biodiversity approach? 10 2.3 Ecological infrastructures: definition and general criteria 12 Definition 12 Which surface of the farmland should be dedicated to EI? 14 2.4 Ecological distances 14 2.5 Functional Units 14 Plant and Soil (micro scale; plot level).
    [Show full text]
  • Lasiothyris Luminosa (Razowski & Becker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae
    Neotrop Entomol (2016) 45:336–339 DOI 10.1007/s13744-016-0379-9 SCIENTIFIC NOTE Lasiothyris luminosa (Razowski & Becker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): a New Grapevine Pest in Northeastern Brazil 1 2 3,4 5 TC COSTA-LIMA ,GRPMOREIRA ,GLGONÇALVES ,ASPECHT 1Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation—Embrapa Tropical Semi-Arid, Petrolina, PE, Brasil 2Depto de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil 3Genetics Dept, Federal Univ of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil 4Instituto de Alta Investigación, Univ de Tarapacá—UTA, Arica, Chile 5Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation—Embrapa Cerrrados, Planaltina, DF, Brasil Keywords Abstract American grapevine moth, Neotropical The little-known Neotropical tortricid moth Lasiothyris luminosa (Razowski region & Becker) is reported for the first time as a grapevine pest in northeastern Correspondence Brazil. A diagnosis based on morphological characters including the geni- GRP Moreira, Depto de Zoologia, Instituto talia is provided for both sexes, together with a preliminary description of de Biociências, Univ Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, economic damage caused by the larval stage on flowers and fruits. In 91501-910 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; gilson. addition, we sequenced a partial region of the cytochrome oxidase subunit [email protected] I gene from specimens from the region and reconstructed phylogenetic Edited by Roberto A Zucchi – ESALQ/USP relationships using representative lineages of closely related tortricids as terminals. Received 22 January 2016 and accepted 10 February 2016 Published online: 8 March 2016 * Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 2016 The low-mid São Francisco Valley (SFV) in the northeastern lineages of tortricids as terminals (Regier et al 2012).
    [Show full text]