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Crop Protection Compendium Page 1 of 33 Crop Protection Compendium Crop Protection Compendium report - Lobesia botrana (grape berry moth) Page 1 of 33 Crop Protection Compendium Selected sections for: Lobesia botrana (grape berry moth) Identity Taxonomic Tree Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature Description Distribution Distribution Table Risk of Introduction Hosts/Species Affected Host Plants and Other Plants Affected Growth Stages Symptoms List of Symptoms/Signs Biology and Ecology Plant Trade Notes on Natural Enemies Natural enemies Impact Detection and Inspection Similarities to Other Species/Conditions Prevention and Control References Images Datasheet Type(s): Pest Identity Preferred Scientific Name Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller, 1776 Preferred Common Name grape berry moth Other Scientific Names Coccyx botrana Praun, 1869 Cochylis botrana Herrich-Schaffer, 1843 Cochylis vitisana Audouin, 1842 Eudemis botrana Frey, 1880 Eudemis rosmarinana Millière, 1866 Grapholita botrana Heinemann, 1863 Lobesia rosmariana Noctua romani O. Costa, 1840 Paralobesia botrana Penthina vitivorana Packard, 1860 Polychrosis botrana Ragonot, 1894 Tinea premixtana Hübner, 1796 Tinea reliquana Hübner, 1816 Tortrix botrana Denis & Schiffermüller, 1776 Tortrix reliquana Treitschke, 1835 Tortrix romaniana O. Costa, 1840 Tortrix vitisana Jacquin, 1788 International Common Names English European grape vine moth, grape fruit moth, grape leaf-roller, grape moth, grape vine moth, vine moth Spanish arañuelo de la vid, barrenillo de la uva, gusano de las uvas, hilandero de la vid, polilla de las uvas, polilla del racimo French eudémis de la vigne, insect du midi, tordeuse de la grappe, ver de la grappe, ver du raisin Portugese trac-da-uva eudemis Local Common Names Bulgaria variegated grape moth (translation), variegated vine moth (translation) http://www.cabi.org/cpc/DatasheetDetailsReports.aspx?&iSectionId=110*0/141*0/122*0/103*0/135*0/1... 9/30/2011 Crop Protection Compendium report - Lobesia botrana (grape berry moth) Page 2 of 33 Croatia grozdanog moljca Germany Bekreuzten Traubenwickler, Bunter Traubenwickler, Gelbkoepfiger Sauerwurm Hungary tarka szolomoly Israel ash haeshkol Italy baco dell'uva, tignola a bruco verde de la vite, tignola verde de la vite, tignoletta della vite, tignoletta dell'uva, tortrice dei grappoli, verme dell'uva Romania moliei strugurilor Serbia grozdanog moljca Slovakia ovaca mramorovaneho Spain corc del raïm (Catalonia and Valencia), cuc del raïm (Catalonia and Valencia) Turkey salkim guvesi EPPO code POLYBO (Lobesia botrana) Taxonomic Tree Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Metazoa Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Uniramia Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Tortricidae Genus: Lobesia Species: Lobesia botrana Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature http://www.cabi.org/cpc/DatasheetDetailsReports.aspx?&iSectionId=110*0/141*0/122*0/103*0/135*0/1... 9/30/2011 Crop Protection Compendium report - Lobesia botrana (grape berry moth) Page 3 of 33 The systematics of the Tortricidae is controversial. The taxonomy used here follows Zerny and Beier (1936- 1938), Forster and Wohlfart (1954) and Horak and Brown (1991). Lobesia botrana, described from Austria by Denis and Schiffermüller (1776) as Tortrix botrana, has had a complex taxonomic history. At present, the species is included in the genus Lobesia Guenée, 1845, having been discarded from the genus Polychrosis Ragonot, 1894, largely used in the older literature. A laboratory-derived melanic mutant has been described, of which the inheritance is controlled by a single, recessive, no-sex-linked gene (Torres- Vila et al., 1996b). Description Eggs The egg of L. botrana is of the so-called flat type, with the long axis horizontal and the micropile at one end. Elliptical, with a mean eccentricity of 0.65, the egg measures about 0.65-0.90 x 0.45-0.75 mm. Freshly laid eggs are pale cream, later becoming light grey and translucent with iridescent glints. The chorion is macroscopically smooth but presents a slight polygonal reticulation in the border and around the micropile. The time elapsed since egg laying may be estimated by observing the eggs: there are five phases of embryonic development - visible embryo, visible eyes, visible mandibles, brown head and black head (Feytaud, 1924). As typically occurs in the subfamily Olethreutinae, eggs are laid singly, and more rarely in small clusters of two or three. Larvae There are usually five larval instars. Neonate larvae are about 0.95-1 mm long, with head and prothoracic shield deep brown, nearly black, and body light yellow. Mature larvae reach a length between 10 and 15 mm, with the head and prothoracic shield lighter than neonate larvae and the body colour varying from light green to light brown, depending principally on larval nourishment. Pupae Female pupae are larger (5-9 mm) than males (4-7 mm). Freshly formed pupae are usually cream or light brown but also light green or blue, and a few hours later become brown or deep brown. Pupal age may be estimated as a function of tegument transparency and colouring. For this purpose, Lalanne-Cassou (1977) differentiated 10 phases of pupal development, with the lengths of time indicated at 20°C and 75% RH: transparent eyes (>150 h), brown eyes (40 h), black eyes (24 h), complete appendix (24 h), silver wings (40 h), brown antennae (20 h), wing pigmentation beginning (5 h), incomplete wing pigmentation (8 h), complete wing pigmentation (22 h) and visible scales (6 h). The sexes may be distinguished by the position of genital sketches that are placed in the IX and VIII abdominal sternites in males and females, respectively. Moreover, the male genital orifice is placed between two small lateral prominences. When adult emergence is imminent, pupae perforate the cocoon, resting the exuvia fixed outwardly in a characteristic position by cremaster spines. Adult Adults are 6-8 mm long with a wingspan of about 10-13 mm. Adult size is greatly affected by larval food quality (Torres-Vila, 1995). The head and abdomen are cream coloured; the thorax is also cream with black markings and a brown ferruginous dorsal crest. The legs have alternate pale cream and brown bands. Forewings have a mosaic-shaped pattern with black, brown, cream, red and blue ornamentation. The ground colour is bluish grey and fasciae brown, shaped by a pale cream border; scales lining the costa, termen and dorsum are darker than the wing ground colour. Cilia are brown with a paler apical tip and a cream basal line along the termen. The underside is brownish grey, gradually darker towards the costa and apex. Hindwings are light brownish grey, darker towards the apex. Cilia and cubital tuft are greyish brown with a paler basal line. The underside is a uniform light grey. There is no clear sexual dimorphism, but the sexes may be easily separated by their general morphology and behaviour: as in the pupal stage, males are smaller than females, they have a narrower abdomen with an anal fine comb of modified scales (hair pencils), and when disturbed they exhibit movements more quick and nervous than those of females. Distribution http://www.cabi.org/cpc/DatasheetDetailsReports.aspx?&iSectionId=110*0/141*0/122*0/103*0/135*0/1... 9/30/2011 Crop Protection Compendium report - Lobesia botrana (grape berry moth) Page 4 of 33 The original geographic distribution of L. botrana follows a clear Palaearctic pattern. The presence of the moth in central Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea and Kenya) and eastern Asia (Japan) is surely accidental, and probably due to introductions by man. Records from northern Europe (Finland and Sweden) must be considered as incidental. With regard to Mediterranean areas, note that the presence of the moth in Sardinia (Italy) has been clearly documented in recent years. However, the moth is no longer present in the Balearic Islands (Spain), the only record being from 50 years ago (Ruíz-Castro, 1943). The lack of available records from Tunisia suggests an unexpected circum-Mediterranean discontinuity, however it is not unlikely that L. botrana also occurs in this magrebian country. Distribution Table The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further information may be available for individual references and this is displayed in the Distribution Table Details report which can be selected in the Report tab of the datasheet. Last First Country Distribution Origin Invasive References Notes Reported Reported ASIA Armenia Present, no Vasilyan et al., 1978; Azaryan et further details al., 1980; Manukyan, 1980; EPPO, 2009 Azerbaijan Present, no Khalilov, 1972; Davydov, 1976; further details Abdullaev et al., 1986; Agaeva & Nuraddinov, 1988; CIE, 1974; EPPO, 2009; Parkhomenko & Kurvanova, 1986; Parkhomenko & Kurvanova, 1988 Georgia Present, no Dzhivladze, 1979; Abashidze, (Republic of) further details 1991; Kipiani et al., 1990; Chkhubianishvili & Malaniya, 1990; EPPO, 2009 Iran Present, no Rezwani, 1981; Nassirzadeh & further details Bassiri, 1994; Eghtedar, 1996; CIE, 1974; EPPO, 2009 Iraq Present, no CIE, 1974; EPPO, 2009 further details Israel Present, no Ishaaya et al., 1983; further details Anshelevich et al., 1994; CIE, 1974; EPPO, 2009 Japan Present, no EPPO, 2009 further details -Hokkaido Present, no CIE, 1974; EPPO, 2009 further details -Honshu Present, no CIE, 1974; EPPO, 2009 further details -Kyushu Present, no CIE, 1974; EPPO, 2009 further details -Shikoku Present, no CIE, 1974; EPPO, 2009 further details Jordan Present, no CIE, 1974; EPPO, 2009 further details Kazakhstan
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