Number 75, December 2018
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(Diptera: Tephritidae) Control in Mango
OPTIMIZATION OF AN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) CONTROL IN MANGO: A CASE OF MANICA PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE LAURA DA GRAҪA JOSÉ CANHANGA A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE. MOROGORO, TANZANIA. 2018 ii EXTENDED ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to reduce the losses caused by Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in Manica province, Mozambique, through an optimized integrated pest management (IPM) package. It involved interviews with farmers to collect baseline information on awareness of fruit producers regarding fruit fly pests and their management so that an IPM package can be developed based on the farmers’ needs. Additionally, systematic trapping data of B. dorsalis seasonality and damage were collected and economic injury level (EIL) for B. dorsalis was estimated. Based on EIL, the IPM for B. dorsalis control developed in Tanzania by the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA IPM) was optimized. The SUA IPM included calendar GF 120 NF bait sprays and orchard sanitation while for the optimized IPM the GF 120 NF was only sprayed in the subplots inside the orchard when the threshold of 30 flies/trap/week was reached. The effectiveness of SUA IPM and its optimized version were also tested. Results showed that fruit flies were the main pest problem in mango and citrus orchards. More than 70% the respondents indicated low fruit quality and increasing volumes of uncommercial zed fruits as consequences of fruit flies infestation. The monetary value of losses reached a value of USD 135,784.8 during 2014/15 mango season. -
Native and Non-Native Egg Parasitoids Associated with Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha Halys [Stål, 1855]; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Western Slovenia
insects Article Native and Non-Native Egg Parasitoids Associated with Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål, 1855]; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Western Slovenia Mojca Rot 1,*, Lara Maistrello 2 , Elena Costi 2, Iris Bernardinelli 3, Giorgio Malossini 3, Luca Benvenuto 3 and Stanislav Trdan 4 1 Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Nova Gorica, Pri hrastu 18, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia 2 Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (E.C.) 3 ERSA—Regional Agency for Rural Development—Plant Health Service, 33050 Pozzuolo del Friuli, Italy; [email protected] (I.B.); [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (L.B.) 4 Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is an invasive pest causing serious damage to agricultural production. Managing this pest species is challenging because of Citation: Rot, M.; Maistrello, L.; its wide host range and lack of effective control measures. Biological control of H. halys through natural Costi, E.; Bernardinelli, I.; enemies seems to be the most environmentally friendly and sustainable solution. Extensive knowledge Malossini, G.; Benvenuto, L.; Trdan, S. of the native egg parasitoid fauna is needed prior to the introduction of a biological control program. Native and Non-Native Egg Parasitoids Associated with Brown The main purpose of the study, carried out in the Goriška region of Western Slovenia, was to detect egg Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha parasitoid species associated with H. -
Morphological Description of the Alimentary Tract of Geoica Utricularia (Passerini, 1856) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Eriosomatinae)
Zoomorphology DOI 10.1007/s00435-016-0313-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Morphological description of the alimentary tract of Geoica utricularia (Passerini, 1856) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Eriosomatinae) 1 1 1 1 1 E. Mro´z • D. Kertowska • A. Nowin´ska • B. Baran • P. We˛gierek • Ł. Depa1 Received: 5 January 2016 / Revised: 7 April 2016 / Accepted: 25 April 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Existing literature data report the lack of stom- Introduction ach and crenated intestine in the aphid species Geoica se- tulosa (Passerini, 1860), a representative of subfamily In all aphid species, the ectodermal part of the anterior Eriosomatinae. This odd anatomical feature seemed region of the alimentary tract consists of the stylet bundle, remarkable, due to the presence of fully developed intes- pharynx, foregut and oesophageal valve. The pharynx tine in closely related genera and mutualistic relationship consists of the pharyngeal duct, valve and pump (Ponsen with ants of this genus. The study aimed at repeated 2006). The latter works as a sucking pump, which enables anatomical research of Geoica utricularia (Passerini 1856), feeding on phloem sap (Ponsen 1987). The midgut is the in order to confirm what seemed to be a generic feature. endodermal part of the alimentary tract consisting of the Standard histological methods were applied, with addition stomach, crenated intestine and descending intestine. The of oblique light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and midgut is responsible for production and excretion of confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results indicated enzymes and the absorption of nutritional substances. In the existence of a fully developed intestine, with broad sac- this part of the alimentary tract, often the so-called filter shaped stomach and loops of the crenated intestine. -
A Contribution to the Aphid Fauna of Greece
Bulletin of Insectology 60 (1): 31-38, 2007 ISSN 1721-8861 A contribution to the aphid fauna of Greece 1,5 2 1,6 3 John A. TSITSIPIS , Nikos I. KATIS , John T. MARGARITOPOULOS , Dionyssios P. LYKOURESSIS , 4 1,7 1 3 Apostolos D. AVGELIS , Ioanna GARGALIANOU , Kostas D. ZARPAS , Dionyssios Ch. PERDIKIS , 2 Aristides PAPAPANAYOTOU 1Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece 2Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece 3Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece 4Plant Virology Laboratory, Plant Protection Institute of Heraklion, National Agricultural Research Foundation (N.AG.RE.F.), Heraklion, Crete, Greece 5Present address: Amfikleia, Fthiotida, Greece 6Present address: Institute of Technology and Management of Agricultural Ecosystems, Center for Research and Technology, Technology Park of Thessaly, Volos, Magnesia, Greece 7Present address: Department of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece Abstract In the present study a list of the aphid species recorded in Greece is provided. The list includes records before 1992, which have been published in previous papers, as well as data from an almost ten-year survey using Rothamsted suction traps and Moericke traps. The recorded aphidofauna consisted of 301 species. The family Aphididae is represented by 13 subfamilies and 120 genera (300 species), while only one genus (1 species) belongs to Phylloxeridae. The aphid fauna is dominated by the subfamily Aphidi- nae (57.1 and 68.4 % of the total number of genera and species, respectively), especially the tribe Macrosiphini, and to a lesser extent the subfamily Eriosomatinae (12.6 and 8.3 % of the total number of genera and species, respectively). -
A New Species of the Genus Tramaforda Manheim, 2007
SPIXIANA 43 1 93-104 München, Oktober 2020 ISSN 0341-8391 A new species of the genus Tramaforda Manheim, 2007 (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae, Fordini) Shalva Barjadze, Robert Foottit & Eric Maw Barjadze, S., Foottit, R. & Maw, E. 2020. A new species of the genus Tramaforda Manheim, 2007 (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae, Fordini). Spixiana 43 (1): 93-104. Tramaforda wooli Manheim belongs to a monotypic genus that induces galls on Pistacia atlantica Desf. in Israel. Based on distinct gall characteristics, differences in morphometrics and molecular markers (CO I, CO II and microsatellite analysis), we recognized a new species in this genus, Tramaforda koachi sp. nov. which is cur- rently endemic to north-central Israel and the Golan Heights. Fall migrants of Tramaforda koachi sp. nov. are smaller (1.62-2.02 mm) than the same form of T. wooli (> 2.14 mm). However, no distinct qualitative morphological differences were found between fall migrants of these two species. Shalva Barjadze (corresponding author), Institute of Zoology, Ilia State Univer- sity, Giorgi Tsereteli 3, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia; e-mail: [email protected] Robert Foottit & Eric Maw, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K. W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada Introduction “Fordini sp. A” and “Fordini sp. B” in COI and COII sequences were shown in Inbar et al. (2004). Later, The tribe Fordini (Hemiptera, Eriosomatinae) com- “Fordini sp. B” was described as Tramaforda wooli prises aphids which produce species-specific gall (Manheim 2007). The genus Tramaforda was erected types on the leaves and buds of the primary host based on the very long hind legs and rostrum of em- plants, Pistacia L. -
Meta-Barcoding for Assessment of Risks Posed by Genetically Modified Crops to Farmland Arthropods
Meta-barcoding for assessment of risks posed by genetically modified crops to farmland arthropods By Trace Akankunda A thesis submitted for the partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Biotechnology (Plant Biotechnology) The University of Adelaide Faculty of Sciences School of Agriculture, Food & Wine Waite Campus 2014 Declaration I declare that this thesis is a record of original work and contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text. Akankunda Trace i Table of Contents Preface .............................................................................................................................................. iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 2 2. Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.1. Sampling sites and sampling design .................................................................................... 7 2.2. DNA extraction for the reference samples ......................................................................... -
Molecular Phylogenetics of the Genus Ceratitis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38 (2006) 216–230 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Ceratitis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Norman B. Barr ¤, Bruce A. McPheron Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA Received 29 March 2005; revised 3 October 2005; accepted 5 October 2005 Abstract The Afrotropical fruit Xy genus Ceratitis MacLeay is an economically important group that comprises over 89 species, subdivided into six subgenera. Cladistic analyses of morphological and host use characters have produced several phylogenetic hypotheses for the genus. Only monophyly of the subgenera Pardalaspis and Ceratitis (sensu stricto) and polyphyly of the subgenus Ceratalaspis are common to all of these phylogenies. In this study, the hypotheses developed from morphological and host use characters are tested using gene trees pro- duced from DNA sequence data of two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I and NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 6) and a nuclear gene (period). Comparison of gene trees indicates the following relationships: the subgenus Pardalaspis is monophyletic, subsection A of the subgenus Pterandrus is monophyletic, the subgenus Pterandrus may be either paraphyletic or polyphyletic, the subgenus Ceratalaspis is polyphyletic, and the subgenus Ceratitis s. s. might not be monophyletic. In addition, the genera Ceratitis and Trirhithrum do not form reciprocally monophyletic clades in the gene trees. Although the data statistically reject monophyly for Trirhithrum under the Shimoda- ira–Hasegawa test, they do not reject monophyly of Ceratitis. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ceratitis; Trirhithrum; Tephritidae; ND6; COI; period 1. Introduction cies, C. capitata (Wiedemann) (commonly known as the Mediterranean fruit Xy), is already an invasive species The genus Ceratitis MacLeay (Diptera: Tephritidae) with established populations throughout tropical, sub- comprises over 89 Afrotropical species of fruit Xy (De tropical, and mild temperate habitats worldwide (Vera Meyer, 2000a). -
Heteroptera: Hemiptera ) from Chhattisgarh, India
BISWAS et al.: On an account of Pentatomoidea.....from Chhattisgarh, India ISSN 0375-1511211 Rec. zool. Surv. India : 114(Part-2) : 211-231, 2014 ON AN ACCOUNT OF PENTATOMOIDEA (HETEROPTERA: HEMIPTERA ) FROM CHHATTISGARH, INDIA B. BISWAS, M. E. HASSAN, KAILASH CHANDRA, SANDEEP KUSHWAHA** AND PARAMITA MUKHERJEE Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, India ** Zoological Survey of India, Central Zone Regional Centre, Vijay Nagar, Jabalpur-482002 INTRODUCTION SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT The pentatomids are commonly known as Family I PENTATOMIDAE “shield bugs” or “stink bugs” as their bodies are Subfamily PENTATOMINAE usually covered by a shield shaped scutellum covering more than half of the abdomen, tibia with Tribe ANTESTINI weak or no spine, 5 segmented antennae which Genus 1. Antestia Stal, 1864 gives its family name and most of them emit an 1. Antestia anchora (Thunberg) unpleasant odour, offensive in nature, produced by a pair of glands in the thorax and is released through *2. Antestia cruciata (Fabricius) openings in the metathorax. Although majority Genus 2. Plautia Stal, 1867 of these bugs are plant sucking, the members *3. Plautia crossota (Fabricius) belonging to the family Asopinae are wholly or partially predaceous. Pentatomoidea is one of the Tribe AGONOSCELIDINI largest superfamilies of Heteroptera comprising of Genus 3. Agonoscelis Spin, 1837 1301 genera and 7182 species distributed in sixteen 4. Agonoscelis nubilis (Fabricius) families all over the world (Henry, 2009). Of these, family Pentatomidae alone represents 896 genera Tribe CARPOCORINI and 4722 species distributed in eight subfamilies Genus 4. Gulielmus Distant, 1901 (Pentatominae, Asopinae, Podopinae, Edessinae, 5. Gulielmus laterarius Distant Phyllocephalinae, Discocephalinae, Cyrtocorinae and Serbaninae). -
Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea) Biology, Higher Systematics, Semiochemistry, and Management
Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea) Biology, Higher Systematics, Semiochemistry, and Management Edited by J. E. McPherson Front Cover photographs, clockwise from the top left: Adult of Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), Photograph by Ted C. MacRae; Adult of Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), Photograph by C. Scott Bundy; Adult of Halyomorpha halys (Stål), Photograph by George C. Hamilton; Adult of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister), Photograph by C. Scott Bundy; Adult of Megacopta cribraria (F.), Photograph by J. E. Eger; Mating pair of Nezara viridula (L.), Photograph by Jesus F. Esquivel. Used with permission. All rights reserved. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-1508-9 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materi- als or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, micro- filming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. -
Natural Enemies of True Fruit Flies 02/2004-01 PPQ Jeffrey N
United States Department of Agriculture Natural Enemies of Marketing and Regulatory True Fruit Flies Programs Animal and Plant Health (Tephritidae) Inspection Service Plant Protection Jeffrey N. L. Stibick and Quarantine Psyttalia fletcheri (shown) is the only fruit fly parasitoid introduced into Hawaii capable of parasitizing the melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine 4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737 February, 2004 Telephone: (301) 734-4406 FAX: (301) 734-8192 e-mail: [email protected] Jeffrey N. L. Stibick Introduction Introduction Fruit flies in the family Tephritidae are high profile insects among commercial fruit and vegetable growers, marketing exporters, government regulatory agencies, and the scientific community. Locally, producers face huge losses without some management scheme to control fruit fly populations. At the national and international level, plant protection agencies strictly regulate the movement of potentially infested products. Consumers throughout the world demand high quality, blemish-free produce. Partly to satisfy these demands, the costs to local, state and national governments are quite high and increasing as world trade, and thus risk, increases. Thus, fruit flies impose a considerable resource tax on participants at every level, from producer to shipper to the importing state and, ultimately, to the consumer. (McPheron & Steck, 1996) Indeed, in the United States alone, the running costs per year to APHIS, Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ), (the federal Agency responsible) for maintenance of trapping systems, laboratories, and identification are in excess of US$27 million per year and increasing. This figure only accounts for a fraction of total costs throughout the country, as State, County and local governments put in their share as well as the local industry affected. -
Aspects of the Biology and Taxonomy of British Myrmecophilous Root Aphids
Aspects of the biology and taxonomy of British myrmecophilous root aphids. by Richard George PAUL, BoSc.(Lond.),17.90.(Glcsgow). Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosopk,. of the University of London and for the Diploma of Imperial Colleao Decemi)or 1977. Dopartaent o:vv. .;:iotory)c Cromwell Road. 1.0;AMOH )t=d41/: -1- ABSTRACT. This thesis concerns the biology and taxonomy of root feeding aphids associated with British ants. A root aphid for the purposes of this thesis is defined as an aphid which, during at least part of its life cycle feeds either (a) beneath the normal soil surface or (b) beneath a tent of soil that has been placed over it by ants. The taxonomy of the genera Paranoecia and Anoecia has been revised and some synonomies proposed. Chromosome numbers have been discovered for Anoecia spp. and are used to clarify the taxonomy. The biology of Anoecia species has been studied and new facts about their life cycles have been discovered. A key is given to the British r European, African and North American species of Anoeciinae and this is included in a key to British myrmecophilous root aphids. Suction trap catches (1968-1976) from about twenty British traps have been used as a record of seasonal flight patterns for root aphids. All the Anoecia species caught in 1975 and 1976 were identified on the basis of new taxonomic work. Catches which had formerly all been identified as Anoecia corni were found to be A. corni, A. varans and A. furcata. The information derived from the catches was used to plot relative abundance and distribution maps for the three species. -
Bagrada Bug Bagrada Hilaris (Burmeister 1835)
Bagrada Bug Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister 1835) Common names: bagrada bug, painted bug, painted stink bug, African stink bug 1 Bagrada Bug Female Male 2 Bagrada Bugs are Prolific Photo by Gevork Arakelian Photo by Ron Hemberger 3 Bagrada Bug Distribution and Spread Distribution in Africa Western AZ around Yuma It is a major cabbage pest in Botswana, Malawi, 4 First found in LA county in 2008 Zambia and Zimbabwe. Photo by Delbert Crawford 5 Relative Size of the Bagrada Bug Size comparison of Bagrada bugs and Convergent Lady Beetles ¼” or 6-8 mm Photo courtesy of: The Bagrada bug spreads 7 Bagrada Bug Spreading in CA 8 Bagrada Bug Host Range Photo by Ettore Balocchi Crops: Brassicaceae: arugula, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, collard greens, cress, horseradish, kale, mustard, radish, rapeseed (canola), rutabaga, turnips, wasabi, & watercress. Ornamentals include candytuft, Lunaria (honesty) purple rock cress, stock, sweet alyssum, & the weeds London rocket, & shepherd’s purse. Other hosts are sorghum, Sudangrass, corn, cucurbits, potato, cotton, okra, pearl millet, sugar cane, wheat, and some legumes and those yet to be observed in the western hemisphere 9 10 Life stages of the Bagrada Bug Adults are 5-7 mm ( ¼ inch) in length Photos courtesy of F. Haas, icipe Photo courtesy of Elliotte Rusty Harold 11 Look alike: The Harlequin Bug Murgantia histrionica (Hahn 1834) Photos courtesy of Ron Hemberger The Harlequin bug spread from Mexico into the southern US around the time of the Civil War. It also feeds on members of the Brassicaceae family. 12 The Harlequin Bug The harlequin cabbage bug ,also known as calico bug, fire bug or harlequin bug, is a black stinkbug of the family Pentatomidae, brilliantly marked with red, orange and yellow.