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Katalog Izložbe, Zadar 1981., 89 – 151

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Katalog Izložbe, Zadar 1981., 89 – 151 NOVI ARHEOLOŠKI NALAZI S OTOKA KRKA [IZ ZBIRKE SAMBLICH] galerija decumanus krk [24. 06. - 16. 07. 2011.] 1 NEW ARCHEOLOGICAL FINDINGS FROM THE ISLAND OF KRK [FROM THE SAMBLICH COLLECTION] Decumanus Gallery [24th June - 16th July 2011] 2 3 području visokih civilizacija Sredozemlja. U materijalnoj kulturi Liburna nakit predstavlja brojnu skupinu u kojoj se ističu pred- meti od jantara. Tri vrha koplja i bojni nož pripadaju keltskomu periodu i predstavljaju opremu ratnika koja se koristila u 3. i 2. st. pr. Kr. Omiljeni nakit Kelta, ali i drugih istovremenih naroda, ■ ■ ■ [Novi arheološki nalazi s otoka Krka] jest nakit oblika torkvesa (kolutasta ogrlica), a naš srebrni Masivni bojni nož nosili su torkves, sa završecima u obliku ptičjih glava, možemo smjestiti keltski ratnici u 3. i 2. st. pr. Kr. u posljednja dva stoljeća pr. Kr. Pravi gospodari sjevernoga Značajni trenutci prapovijesti otoka Krka izdvajaju se kako Jadrana bili su upravo Liburni, ali i Histri, a pravci kretanja brojnošću lokaliteta tako i bogatstvom nalaza. Iako nije bilo ■ ■ ■ većih ili manjih skupina Kelta prema sjeveroistoku i Panoniji bili većih istraživanja, s Krka potječe znatan broj predmeta koji Massive war knife worn by su preko teritorija današnje Slovenije. pokazuju ulogu Otoka i njegovih zajednica u povijesti sjev- the Celt warriors in the 3rd and 2nd century BC Rimsko razdoblje donosi novu političku i gospodarsku sliku Oto- ernoga Jadrana. Predmeti koje predstavljamo slučajno su ka, što je uzrokovalo i promjenu materijalne kulture. Najčešći pronađeni tijekom radova na infrastrukturi u gradu Krku i u predmeti u grobovima Rimljana i romaniziranoga lokalnog neposrednoj blizini, a dio su bogate zbirke Itala Samblicha. stanovništva bile su fibule. Tri fibule pronađene u Krku mogu Izložbu čini nekoliko skupina predmeta koje predstavljaju se datirati u 1. i 2. st. Rimljani su kao platežno sredstvo koristili zasebne kronološke i tipološke cjeline: predmeti prapovijesne novac, koji za nas predstavlja važan element za dataciju, kulture polja sa žarama, ratnička oprema, oprema keltskoga ali to su i mala djela izvanredne umjetničke vrijednosti. Dvije ratnika, nakit, megarske zdjele, numizmatika. male srebrne figure ptica najvjerojatnije su iz 4. st. premda su Iako nisu poznate okolnosti nalaza, većina predmeta najvjero- se koristile i u kasnoj antici i Bizantu, u vremenu u koje pripada jatnije potječe iz tzv. vrta Šinigoj, gdje se nalazila prapovijesna i fibula oblika ptice (od druge polovine 2. st. do sredine 3. st. i antička nekropola stanovnika nekadašnjega naselja na iako bi mogla biti u upotrebi i tijekom kasnoantičkoga odnos- prostoru današnjega grada Krka. Svi su oni činili dijelove no ranokršćanskog perioda). Najmlađi predmet ove zbirke čini bogatih grobnih inventara kojima su se pokojnici spremali na novovjekovna igla tordiranoga tijela datirana u 16. st. put u vječni život. Iznimku čini skupina predmeta (tri željezna Najnoviji nalazi pokazuju kontinuirani razvoj otoka Krka u okviri- vrha koplja i željezni nož) pronađena nedaleko grada Krka, ma kultura (kultura polja sa žarama) i naroda (Indoeuropljana, na prostoru zvanom Ponikve, gdje su možda bili položeni kao Liburna, Kelta, Rimljana) koji su obitavali prostore sjevernoga zavjetni dar božanstvu koje se štovalo u blizini izvora vode. Jadrana ili su dolazili u doticaj s tadašnjim europskim modnim Predmeti su zbog okolnosti nalaza razmotreni na temelju trendovima. ■ ■ ■ tipološke analize kojom je utvrđena njihova starost. Najstariji Reljefno dekorirana nalaz čine tri brončane sjekire (kelt) i brončana narukvica, koji keramička posuda, poznata su drugdje uobičajen inventar ostava kulture polja sa žarama kao megarska zdjela/čaša (prijelaz iz drugoga u prvo tisućljeće pr. Kr.). Slijede možda ■ ■ ■ najreprezentativniji predmeti, kaciga i par knemida (nazu- Megarian bowl, decorated vci), datirani u sredinu 5. odnosno 4. st. pr. Kr., za koje se pret- in relief postavlja da potječu iz ratničkoga groba liburnskoga prvaka. Otok Krk od 9. st. pr. Kr. nadalje nastanjuju Liburni. Oni su, poput njihovih susjeda Histra, Japoda ili Delmata, na početku razvoja imali vlastitu fizionomiju koja se kasnije gubi zbog sve većega broja uvoznih predmeta, ali i imitacijâ luksuznih predmeta koji su im bili dostupni zbog položaja na rubnom 4 5 Liburnians, who like their Histrian, Illyrian or Delmatae neighbors, at the beginning of their development, had their own physi- ognomy which was later lost due to the increasing number of imported objects and imitations of luxury goods which were available thanks to their status on the marginal territory of high- [New archeological findings from the island of Krk] ly-developed civilizations of the Mediterranean Sea. The mate- rial culture of Liburnian ornaments make up a diverse group where amber objects are the most represented. Three bronze Numerous historical sites and the richness of the archeological long-bladed spear tips and a war knife belonging to the Celtic findings characterize the prehistory of the island of Krk. Even if period represented the warrior kit used in the 3rd and 2nd cen- largescale archeological research has not yet been undertaken tury BC. The favorite ornaments of the Celts as well as of other on this island, a great number of archeological findings in Krk at- populations of the same period, is torque, a large, usually rigid test to the role of the island and of its community in the history of neck ring, while our silver torque with the bird head-formed end ■ ■ ■ the Northern Adriatic. The findings represented in this exhibition Brončana fibula can be dated back to the last two centuries BC. Liburnians and and accidentally found during the earthworks on the infrastruc- Histrians were the real masters of the Northern Adriatic and the Narukvica od masivne ture of the town of Krk and in its immediate proximity are part bronce migration of greater or minor groups of Celts toward Northern of the rich collection in the possession of Mr. Italo Samblich. The European regions and Pannonia passed through what is today ■ ■ ■ exhibition is made up of several groups of findings representing Slovenia. Bronze fibula various chronological and typological units: finds of prehistoric The bracelet of massive Urnfield culture, warrior kits, the equipment of a Celtic warrior, The Roman period introduced a new political and economic bronze ornaments, a Megarian bowl and coins. Although the circum- situation on the island causing a change of the material culture. stances of the findings are not known, the greatest part prob- Fibulae were the most common objects in the graves of Ro- ably comes from the so-called Šinigoj garden, where remains of mans and the Romanized local population. Three fibulae found st nd a prehistoric and ancient necropolis of the near-by settlement on the island of Krk surely date back to 1 and 2 century. In are known to have been sited. All these findings made up part fact, Romans used money as a means of payment which for of the rich grave inventory accompanying the deceased to us represents an important element for dating, but are also of the eternal life. An exception to this is a group of findings (three exceptional artistic value. Two little silver bird-like figures date th bronze long-bladed spear tips and a bronze knife) which were back probably to the 4 century even if such figures were used found near the town of Krk, on a site called Ponikve, where they in later antiquity and in the Byzantine period; that is in the time nd were deposited as votive presents to the god honored in the of the bird-like fibula (from the second half of the 2 century to the mid-3rd century even if it could have been used during proximity of a water source. ■ ■ ■ the late antiquity period and early Christian period). One of the In consideration of the circumstances of their finding, the ob- Srebrni denar cara Elaga- bala (218. – 222. god.) most recent examples of this collection is a needle dating back jects have been analyzed according to their typological char- to the 16th century. All these findings show the continuous devel- acteristics by which their age has been established. The oldest Av: IMP. ANTONINVS / PIVS. AVG, portret u profilu opment of the island of Krk in terms of urnfield culture (culture of finds are the three bronze axes and a bronze bracelet which udesno, glava s lovorom nd st agricultural fields with urns) and people (Indo-Europeans, Libur- belong to the Urnfield culture (turn of the 2 to the 1 millen- vijencem. nians, Celts, Romans) who lived in the territories of the Northern nium BC). The other pieces are probably the most representa- Rv: INVICTVS SACERDOS Adriatic Sea or who came in contact with European fashion tive of the collection and are made up of a helmet and a pair AVG, Elagabal stoji ulijevo, trends of that period. of overshoes which date back to the mid 5th century and 4th drži pateru iznad žrtvenika i century BC, and it is supposed that they come from a warrior’s štap u ruci; zvijezda u polju. grave of a Liburnian chieftain. ■ ■ ■ The island of Krk has been inhabited since the 9th century BC by Silver denarius (Emperor Elagabalus) 218 – 222 6 7 [Predmeti kulture polja sa žarama] Kulture polja sa žarama, čiji su nositelji bili Indoeuropljani, trajale su na većem dijelu europsko- ga kontinenta od 14. do 8. st. pr. Kr. Iako različitih etničkih obilježja, glavna im je karakteristika bio obred spaljivanja pokojnika čiji su se ostaci spremali, zajedno s prilozima, u posude – žare – koje su činile velike nekropole. Priloge u grobovima činili su mnogobrojni metalni predmeti koji su mogli biti i sastavni dio bro- jnih ostava. Ostave su jedinstveni arheološki fenomen, pojam koji označava mjesto skupnoga nalaza više predmeta, skrivenih zbog opasnosti u burnim vremenima seoba i ratova. Glavni razlozi ukopavanja bili su skrivanje imovine pojedinca ili pohranjivanje u ritualne svrhe, kao zavjetni dar božanstvu, a ponekad čak i kao oprema za zagrobni život pojedinca.
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