Nimatullahi Sufism and Deccan Bahmani Sultanate
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5.4 Southern Kingdoms and the Delhi Sultanate
Political Formations UNIT 5 DECCAN KINGDOMS* Structure 5.0 Objectives 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Geographical Setting of the Deccan 5.3 The Four Kingdoms 5.3.1 The Yadavas and the Kakatiyas 5.3.2 The Pandyas and the Hoysalas 5.3.3 Conflict Between the Four Kingdoms 5.4 Southern Kingdoms and the Delhi Sultanate 5.4.1 First Phase: Alauddin Khalji’s Invasion of South 5.4.2 Second Phase 5.5 Administration and Economy 5.5.1 Administration 5.5.2 Economy 5.6 Rise of Independent Kingdoms 5.7 Rise of the Bahmani Power 5.8 Conquest and Consolidation of the Bahmani Power 5.8.1 First Phase: 1347-1422 5.8.2 Second Phase: 1422-1538 5.9 Conflict Between the Afaqis and the Dakhnis and their Relations with the King 5.10 Central and Provincial Administration under the Bahmani Kingdom 5.11 Army Organization under the Bahmani Kingdom 5.12 Economy 5.13 Society and Culture 5.14 Summary 5.15 Keywords 5.16 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 5.17 Suggested Readings 5.18 Instructional Video Recommendations 5.0 OBJECTIVES After going through this Unit, you should be able to: * Prof. Ahmad Raza Khan and Prof. Abha Singh, School of Social Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi. The present Unit is taken from IGNOU Course 110 EHI-03: India: From 8th to 15th Century, Block 7, Units 26 & 28. • assess the geographical influences on the polity and economy of the Deccan, Deccan Kingdoms • understand the political set-up in South India, • examine the conflicts among the Southern kingdoms, • evaluate the relations of the Southern kingdoms with the Delhi Sultanate, • know their administration and economy, • understand the emergence of new independent kingdoms in the South, • appraise the political formation and its nature in Deccan and South India, • understand the emergence of the Bahmani kingdom, • analyze the conflict between the old Dakhni nobility and the newcomers (the Afaqis) and how it ultimately led to the decline of the Bahmani Sultanate, and • evaluate the administrative structure under the Bahmanis. -
An Abode of Islam Under a Hindu King: Circuitous Imagination of Kingdoms Among Muslims of Sixteenth-Century Malabar
JIOWSJournal of Indian Ocean World Studies An Abode of Islam under a Hindu King: Circuitous Imagination of Kingdoms among Muslims of Sixteenth-Century Malabar Mahmood Kooria To cite this article: Kooria, Mahmood. “An Abode of Islam Under a Hindu King: Circuitous Imagination of Kingdoms among Muslims of Sixteenth-Century Malabar.” Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies, 1 (2017), pp. 89-109. More information about the Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies can be found at: jiows.mcgill.ca © Mahmood Kooria. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Li- cense CC BY NC SA, which permits users to share, use, and remix the material provide they give proper attribu- tion, the use is non-commercial, and any remixes/transformations of the work are shared under the same license as the original. Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies, 1 (2017), pp. 89-109. © Mahmood Kooria, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | 89 An Abode of Islam under a Hindu King: Circuitous Imagination of Kingdoms among Muslims of Sixteenth-Century Malabar Mahmood Kooria* Leiden University, Netherlands ABSTRACT When Vasco da Gama asked the Zamorin (ruler) of Calicut to expel from his domains all Muslims hailing from Cairo and the Red Sea, the Zamorin rejected it, saying that they were living in his kingdom “as natives, not foreigners.” This was a marker of reciprocal understanding between Muslims and Zamorins. When war broke out with the Portuguese, Muslim intellectuals in the region wrote treatises and delivered sermons in order to mobilize their community in support of the Zamorins. -
African Diaspora in Medieval Deccan: a Historical Analysis from 14Th to 17Th Century Dr
International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 10 Issue 10, October 2020 ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gate as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A African Diaspora in Medieval Deccan: A Historical Analysis from 14th to 17th century Dr. Surendra Kumar, Department of History, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Delhi This Paper was Presented in International Conference organized by Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts(IGNCA), New Delhi on Oct 15, 2014 The African Diaspora in Medieval Deccan offers a new insight about space, political culture, ethnogenesis and Military Labour Market in History of India as well as it provides a new understanding of medieval India from perspective of regional History. This paper traces History of African Diaspora in Medieval Deccan from 14 to 17 century. Tracing issues of Migration in Medieval Deccan, it examines processes of ethnogenesis in African Diaspora and analyses role of space and political culture in shaping contours of ethnogenesis in Medieval Deccan. Further, the paper analyses dimensions of Military Labour market in Medieval Deccan in determining participation of African Diaspora and its impact on evolution of politics in Medieval Deccan. Although, the presence of African Diaspora in the Indian subcontinent has been dated since 10th century onwards, particularly participation in politics from Delhi Sultanate to Bengal is very well documented in primary sources of Ibn Battuta, Muhammad Qasim Ferishta, Jahangir and Others. -
Origin and Development of Urdu Language in the Sub- Continent: Contribution of Early Sufia and Mushaikh
South Asian Studies A Research Journal of South Asian Studies Vol. 27, No. 1, January-June 2012, pp.141-169 Origin and Development of Urdu Language in the Sub- Continent: Contribution of Early Sufia and Mushaikh Muhammad Sohail University of the Punjab, Lahore ABSTRACT The arrival of the Muslims in the sub-continent of Indo-Pakistan was a remarkable incident of the History of sub-continent. It influenced almost all departments of the social life of the people. The Muslims had a marvelous contribution in their culture and civilization including architecture, painting and calligraphy, book-illustration, music and even dancing. The Hindus had no interest in history and biography and Muslims had always taken interest in life-history, biographical literature and political-history. Therefore they had an excellent contribution in this field also. However their most significant contribution is the bestowal of Urdu language. Although the Muslims came to the sub-continent in three capacities, as traders or business men, as commanders and soldiers or conquerors and as Sufis and masha’ikhs who performed the responsibilities of preaching, but the role of the Sufis and mash‘iskhs in the evolving and development of Urdu is the most significant. The objective of this paper is to briefly review their role in this connection. KEY WORDS: Urdu language, Sufia and Mashaikh, India, Culture and civilization, genres of literature Introduction The Muslim entered in India as conquerors with the conquests of Muhammad Bin Qasim in 94 AH / 712 AD. Their arrival caused revolutionary changes in culture, civilization and mode of life of India. -
Migration from Bengal to Arakan During British Rule 1826–1948 Derek Tonkin
Occasional Paper Series Migration from Bengal to Arakan during British Rule 1826–1948 Derek Tonkin Migration from Bengal to Arakan during British Rule 1826–1948 Derek Tonkin 2019 Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher Brussels This and other publications in TOAEP’s Occasional Paper Series may be openly accessed and downloaded through the web site http://toaep.org, which uses Persistent URLs for all publications it makes available (such PURLs will not be changed). This publication was first published on 6 December 2019. © Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, 2019 All rights are reserved. You may read, print or download this publication or any part of it from http://www.toaep.org/ for personal use, but you may not in any way charge for its use by others, directly or by reproducing it, storing it in a retrieval system, transmitting it, or utilising it in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, in whole or in part, without the prior permis- sion in writing of the copyright holder. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the copyright holder. You must not circulate this publication in any other cover and you must impose the same condition on any ac- quirer. You must not make this publication or any part of it available on the Internet by any other URL than that on http://www.toaep.org/, without permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-82-8348-150-1. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction .............................................................................................. 2 2. Setting the Scene: The 1911, 1921 and 1931 Censuses of British Burma ............................ -
The Urban Morphology of Hyderabad, India: a Historical Geographic Analysis
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 6-2020 The Urban Morphology of Hyderabad, India: A Historical Geographic Analysis Kevin B. Haynes Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Human Geography Commons, and the Remote Sensing Commons Recommended Citation Haynes, Kevin B., "The Urban Morphology of Hyderabad, India: A Historical Geographic Analysis" (2020). Master's Theses. 5155. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/5155 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE URBAN MORPHOLOGY OF HYDERABAD, INDIA: A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS by Kevin B. Haynes A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Geography Western Michigan University June 2020 Thesis Committee: Adam J. Mathews, Ph.D., Chair Charles Emerson, Ph.D. Gregory Veeck, Ph.D. Nathan Tabor, Ph.D. Copyright by Kevin B. Haynes 2020 THE URBAN MORPHOLOGY OF HYDERABAD, INDIA: A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS Kevin B. Haynes, M.S. Western Michigan University, 2020 Hyderabad, India has undergone tremendous change over the last three centuries. The study seeks to understand how and why Hyderabad transitioned from a north-south urban morphological directional pattern to east-west during from 1687 to 2019. Satellite-based remote sensing will be used to measure the extent and land classifications of the city throughout the twentieth and twenty-first century using a geographic information science and historical- geographic approach. -
10. the Muslims of Burma by Moshe Yegar
I ■เพ■■เ s CHR] F TEN RE f H E DES 'SODASXEN-INSTI ■ DER. 0NIVER^lSA<r HEIDELBERG f'iv' . I . ! • ’-■ ■ IIII HI ■ - 1 i M d S b l'E YEGAR If i A Study of a Minority Grouo SCHRIFTENREIHE DES St)DASIEN-INSTITUTS DER UNIVERSITAT HEIDELBERG Herausgegeben vom Siidasien-Institut der บทiversitat Heidelberg MOSHE YEGAR The Muslims of Burma A Study of a Minority Group 1972 OTTO HARRASSOWITZ - WIESBADEN THE MUSLIMS OF BURMA A Study of a Minority Group by MOSHE YEGAR 1972 OTTO HARR AS SO WITZ - WIESBADEN © Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1972 Alle Rechte vorbehalten Photographische und photomechanische Wiedergaben nur mit ausdriicklicher Genehmigung des Verlages Gesamtherstellung: Hessische Druckerei GmbH, Darmstadt Printed in Germany ISB N 3 447 01357 5 To Edna CONTENTS A bbreviations......................................................................................................................VIII In tro d u c tio n ...................................................................................................................... Acknowledgm ents............................................................................................................. ^ I. Muslims in Burma in the Days of the Kings The Beginnings of Muslim Settlement in the Irrawaddy V a lle y .......................1 Muslim Settlement in A r a k a n ..................................................................................... Why Burma Did Not Become Muslim ................................................................... II. Muslims in Burma During British Rule -
Lambada- Telugu Contact: Factors Affecting Language Choice in Bilinguals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714 www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 10||October. 2016 || PP.43-46 Lambada- Telugu Contact: Factors Affecting Language Choice in Bilinguals Kishore Vadthya PhD, Applied Linguistics, University of Hyderabad ABSTRACT: Language contact between Lambadi and Telugu in Telangana region has been in effect since before independence. Generations of contact has resulted in bilingualism of various degrees among them. This bilingualism has produced variation in the use of Lambadi language with respect to psychological, social and cultural factors further under the influence of urbanization and globalization. Part of a series of research, addressed to analyze the synchronic effects seen as a consequence of the contact of lambada with a dominant language (culturally and in numbers), this paper aims to state and consolidate all factors influencing the language maintenance and shift among Lambada speakers. Under such circumstances, an analysis of language choice under the influence of factors ranging from situation, topic, domain, role, media as theorized by Fishman(1965) are applicable with furthermore additions resulting from Lambadi being an oral language. Language contact and choice, of two languages with scripts has to be viewed in a different perspective than the contact between an orally passed down language and a language with script. Media variance tips the needle towards the scripted language for all governmental and technical purposes and thus eliminates the resistance to shift from mother tongue which is otherwise universally seen. Similar differences have been studied and an effort to give a construct more suitable to the multilingual contact study of the case under study has been done in this paper. -
Grammatical Gender and Linguistic Complexity
Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity Volume I: General issues and specific studies Edited by Francesca Di Garbo Bruno Olsson Bernhard Wälchli language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 26 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Editor: Martin Haspelmath In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of marked-S languages. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake (Papua New Guinea). 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Scandinavian vernaculars. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan languages and linguistics. 11. Kluge, Angela. A grammar of Papuan Malay. 12. Kieviet, Paulus. A grammar of Rapa Nui. 13. Michaud, Alexis. Tone in Yongning Na: Lexical tones and morphotonology. 14. Enfield, N. J. (ed.). Dependencies in language: On the causal ontology of linguistic systems. 15. Gutman, Ariel. Attributive constructions in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic. 16. Bisang, Walter & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios. 17. Stenzel, Kristine & Bruna Franchetto (eds.). On this and other worlds: Voices from Amazonia. 18. Paggio, Patrizia and Albert Gatt (eds.). The languages of Malta. 19. Seržant, Ilja A. & Alena Witzlack-Makarevich (eds.). Diachrony of differential argument marking. 20. Hölzl, Andreas. A typology of questions in Northeast Asia and beyond: An ecological perspective. 21. Riesberg, Sonja, Asako Shiohara & Atsuko Utsumi (eds.). Perspectives on information structure in Austronesian languages. -
Brillonline Reference Works ▶ Home > Middle East and Islamic Studies > Encyclopaedia of Islam > Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE > Bahmanī Dynasty
BrillOnline.com BrillOnline Reference Works ▶ Home > Middle East and Islamic Studies > Encyclopaedia of Islam > Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE > Bahmanī dynasty Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE Bahmanī dynasty (2,706 words) The Bahmanī were a Muslim dynasty of eighteen sultans that ruled from 748/1347 to 934/1528 in present-day North Article Table of Contents Karnataka, in the Deccan plateau region of India. In the 740s/1340s, in the wake of uprisings against Tughluq rule 1. Gulbargā in the Deccan, two rival empires consolidated authority on opposite sides of the Krishna River: the Muslim 2. Bīdar Bahmanīs, who adopted the family name of the dynasty’s founder, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Ḥasan Bahman Shāh (r. 748–59/1347– Bibliography 58), and the Hindu Vijayanagara state (Eaton and Wagoner, 27–31). The two powers fought regularly over the mineral-rich Raichur Doab while engaging in diplomacy and strategic alliance, as attested by the marriage of Fīrūz (r. 800–25/1397–1422) to the daughter of Deva Rāy I (r. c. 809–25/1406–22), in 809/1407. Concurrently, Fīrūz exchanged delegations with Tīmūr (r. 771–807/1370–1405), welcomed immigrants from Persian- and Turkish-speaking lands (Eaton, Social history, 37–43, 48–51), and appointed Mīr Faḍlallāh Injū of Shīrāz—who had matriculated under the renowned Khurāsānī polymath Sa‘d al-Dīn Taftāzānī (d. 793/1390)—as his wakīl al-salṭana (prime minister). The stage was thus set for the evolution of a composite courtly culture exemplified by a built environment synthesising local traditions with imported ones—from Anatolia: the cross-in-square plan, ḥammāms (baths), and gunpowder devices; from Iran, Khurāsān, and Central Asia: chihil sutūns (pillared halls), īwāns (rectangular halls or spaces, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end open), pointed arches, mosaic tilework, and qanāts (well-like vertical shafts, connected by gently sloping tunnels, for the supply of water) (e.g., Philon, Silent splendour, 42–3; Rötzer, Fortifications and gunpowder; Hillenbrand, Persians, 165). -
Examining Slavery in the Medieval Deccan and in the Indian
TCNJ JOURNAL OF STUDENT SCHOLARSHIP VOLUME XIV APRIL 2012 FROM AFRICAN SLAVE TO DECCANI MILITARY AND POLITICAL LEADER: EXAMINING MALIK AMBAR’S LIFE AND LEGACY Author: Riksum Kazi Faculty Sponsor: Adam Knobler, Department of History ABSTRACT This paper examines the career of Malik Ambar (1549-1646). Originally an African slave soldier, he gained power in the regional politics of medieval India. Study of his life illustrates the dynamics, complexity, and politics of military slavery in the Deccan and India. INTRODUCTION Although fewer Africans were transported to the Indian subcontinent than to the Americas, they played a significant role in Indian history.1 Malik Ambar gained control of a sizable Deccani sultanate and transcended the traditional role of slave by resisting the Mughal Empire‘s armies and maintaining the socio- economic structure of the Deccan. Despite his accomplishments, Ambar he has been forgotten by historians for a variety of political, religious, and ethnic reasons. A note on terminology: in this paper, the word slave, unless otherwise indicated, connotes people of African heritage in involuntary servitude. The term Habshi refers to African slaves from the hinterlands of Ethiopia and the Sudan.2 THE DECCAN: GEOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND The Deccan, the principal geological region of Central India, is divided into five major areas: the Western Ghats, comprised of the Sahyadri range and coastal region near those mountains; the Northern Deccan plateau; the Southern Deccan plateau; the Eastern plateau; and the Eastern Ghats, including the Bengali coastal region. Its landscapes and climates vary from cold mountains to warm coastal plains.3 Moreover, the region was populated by speakers of Sanskrit, Tamil, Gujarati, Marathi, Persian, and Urdu and practicers of Hinduism and Islam. -
Introduction
ONE Introduction THE DYNASTIES Sec. 1 The Qutb Shahs On the break up of the Bahmani Kingdom towards the close of the fifteenth century and the beginning of the sixteenth century there arose in the Deccan five different sultanates. Of these Golconda was one. It was founded by Sultan Quli a member of the Black Sheep (Qara Quyunlu) Tribe 2 During Bahmani rule a number of foreigners from Iran and other places used to migrate to the Decoan which was for them a land of opportunities. Some of the emigrants rose to high position and Sultan Quli by his abilities rose to be the governor (tarafdar) of Tilangana.^ Sultan Quli joined service under Mahmud Shah Bahmani when a conflict between such emigrants (Afaqis) and the native called Deccani people had become deep rooted and hence a decisive factor in power politics of the Deccan. z The Bahmani Sultanate was tottering under the pressure of that conflict. The nobles were maneuvering to break away from the Sultanate and assume autonomy within a jurisdiction under their control. Sultan Quli was no less ambitious and capable of such autonomy than any other noble in the Beccan, Nevertheless he was scrupulous and preferred slow and steady measures to revolution. With a view to maintain his status in the society of states he joined the/^afavi Movement.) That c alliance was essential for the survival of his Sultanate since the other Sultanates of the Deccan like Bijapur and Ahmadnagar 4 had fallen in with the same movement. SULTM QULI Sultan Quli Qu-^b Shah was a disciple of Shah Na'^yimu• ddin 5 Ni'^matullah of Yazd* As the Sufi households of Iran were assuming a Shi'ite character by the close of the fifteenth century Sultan Quli Qutb Shah too adhered to the Shi'ite 6 faith, which subsequently he upheld as a State Religion.