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5.4 Southern Kingdoms and the Delhi Sultanate
Political Formations UNIT 5 DECCAN KINGDOMS* Structure 5.0 Objectives 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Geographical Setting of the Deccan 5.3 The Four Kingdoms 5.3.1 The Yadavas and the Kakatiyas 5.3.2 The Pandyas and the Hoysalas 5.3.3 Conflict Between the Four Kingdoms 5.4 Southern Kingdoms and the Delhi Sultanate 5.4.1 First Phase: Alauddin Khalji’s Invasion of South 5.4.2 Second Phase 5.5 Administration and Economy 5.5.1 Administration 5.5.2 Economy 5.6 Rise of Independent Kingdoms 5.7 Rise of the Bahmani Power 5.8 Conquest and Consolidation of the Bahmani Power 5.8.1 First Phase: 1347-1422 5.8.2 Second Phase: 1422-1538 5.9 Conflict Between the Afaqis and the Dakhnis and their Relations with the King 5.10 Central and Provincial Administration under the Bahmani Kingdom 5.11 Army Organization under the Bahmani Kingdom 5.12 Economy 5.13 Society and Culture 5.14 Summary 5.15 Keywords 5.16 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 5.17 Suggested Readings 5.18 Instructional Video Recommendations 5.0 OBJECTIVES After going through this Unit, you should be able to: * Prof. Ahmad Raza Khan and Prof. Abha Singh, School of Social Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi. The present Unit is taken from IGNOU Course 110 EHI-03: India: From 8th to 15th Century, Block 7, Units 26 & 28. • assess the geographical influences on the polity and economy of the Deccan, Deccan Kingdoms • understand the political set-up in South India, • examine the conflicts among the Southern kingdoms, • evaluate the relations of the Southern kingdoms with the Delhi Sultanate, • know their administration and economy, • understand the emergence of new independent kingdoms in the South, • appraise the political formation and its nature in Deccan and South India, • understand the emergence of the Bahmani kingdom, • analyze the conflict between the old Dakhni nobility and the newcomers (the Afaqis) and how it ultimately led to the decline of the Bahmani Sultanate, and • evaluate the administrative structure under the Bahmanis. -
Nimatullahi Sufism and Deccan Bahmani Sultanate
Volume : 4 | Issue : 6 | June 2015 ISSN - 2250-1991 Research Paper Commerce Nimatullahi Sufism and Deccan Bahmani Sultanate Seyed Mohammad Ph.D. in Sufism and Islamic Mysticism University of Religions and Hadi Torabi Denominations, Qom, Iran The presentresearch paper is aimed to determine the relationship between the Nimatullahi Shiite Sufi dervishes and Bahmani Shiite Sultanate of Deccan which undoubtedly is one of the key factors help to explain the spread of Sufism followed by growth of Shi’ism in South India and in Indian sub-continent. This relationship wasmutual andin addition to Sufism, the Bahmani Sultanate has also benefited from it. Furthermore, the researcher made effortto determine and to discuss the influential factors on this relation and its fruitful results. Moreover, a brief reference to the history of Muslims in India which ABSTRACT seems necessary is presented. KEYWORDS Nimatullahi Sufism, Deccan Bahmani Sultanate, Shiite Muslim, India Introduction: are attributable the presence of Iranian Ascetics in Kalkot and Islamic culture has entered in two ways and in different eras Kollam Ports. (Battuta 575) However, one of the major and in the Indian subcontinent. One of them was the gradual ar- important factors that influence the development of Sufism in rival of the Muslims aroundeighth century in the region and the subcontinent was the Shiite rule of Bahmani Sultanate in perhaps the Muslim merchants came from southern and west- Deccan which is discussed briefly in this research paper. ern Coast of Malabar and Cambaya Bay in India who spread Islamic culture in Gujarat and the Deccan regions and they can Discussion: be considered asthe pioneers of this movement. -
Unit 9 the Deccan States and the Mugmals
I UNIT 9 THE DECCAN STATES AND THE MUGMALS Structure 9.0 Objectives I 9.1 Iiltroduction 9.2 Akbar and the Deccan States 9.3 Jahangir and the Deccan States 9.4 Shah Jahan and the Deccaa States 9.5 Aurangzeb and the Deccan States 9.6 An Assessnent of the Mughzl Policy in tie Deccan 9.7 Let Us Sum Up 9.8 Key Words t 9.9 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises -- -- 9.0 OBJECTIVES The relations between the Deccan states and the Mughals have been discussed in the present Unit. This Unit would introduce you to: 9 the policy pursued by different Mughal Emperors towards the Deccan states; 9 the factors that determined the Deccan policy of the Mughals, and the ultimate outcome of the struggle between the Mughals and the Deccan states. - 9.1 INTRODUCTION - In Unit 8 of this Block you have learnt how the independent Sultanates of Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Golkonda, Berar and Bidar had been established in the Deccan. We have already discussed the development of these states and their relations to each other (Unit 8). Here our focus would be on the Mughal relations with the Deccan states. The Deccan policy of the Mughals was not determined by any single factor. The strategic importance of the Decen states and the administrative and economic necessity of the Mughal empire largely guided the attitude of the Mughal rulers towards the Deccan states. Babar, the first Mughal ruler, could not establish any contact with Deccan because of his pre-occupations in the North. Still, his conquest of Chanderi in 1528 had brought the Mugllal empire close to the northern cbnfines of Malwa. -
The Crafts and Textiles of Hyderabad and Telangana 11 Days/10 Nights
The Crafts and Textiles of Hyderabad and Telangana 11 Days/10 Nights Activities Overnight Day 1 Fly U.S. to Hyderabad. Upon arrival, you will be transferred to Hyderabad your hotel by private car. Day 2 The city of Hyderabad was constructed in 1591 by King Hyderabad Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, which ruled this region of the Deccan plateau from 1507 to 1687. During this time, the Sultanate faced numerous incursions by the Mughals and the Hindu Marathas. In 1724, the Mughal governor of the Deccan arrived to govern the city. His official title was the Nizam- ul-Muluk, or Administrator of the Realm. After the death of Emperor Aurangzeb, he declared his independence and established the Asaf Jahi dynasty of Nizams. The Nizams of Hyderabad were known for their tremendous wealth, which came from precious gems mined in nearby Golconda (see Day 3), the area's natural resources, a vibrant pearl trade, agricultural taxes and friendly cooperation with the British. Much of the architecture still existing in Hyderabad thus dates from the reigns of the Qutb Shahi Sultans or the Nizams. European influences were introduced by the British in the 19th and 20th centuries. At the center of old Hyderabad sits the Charminar, or "four towers," which dates to 1591 and is surrounded by a lively bazaar and numerous mosques and palaces. This morning we will enjoy a leisurely walk through the area. We will stop to admire the colorful tile mosaics found inside the Badshahi Ashurkhana. This Royal House of Mourning was built in 1595 as a congregation hall for Shia Muslims during Muharram. -
Origin and Development of Urdu Language in the Sub- Continent: Contribution of Early Sufia and Mushaikh
South Asian Studies A Research Journal of South Asian Studies Vol. 27, No. 1, January-June 2012, pp.141-169 Origin and Development of Urdu Language in the Sub- Continent: Contribution of Early Sufia and Mushaikh Muhammad Sohail University of the Punjab, Lahore ABSTRACT The arrival of the Muslims in the sub-continent of Indo-Pakistan was a remarkable incident of the History of sub-continent. It influenced almost all departments of the social life of the people. The Muslims had a marvelous contribution in their culture and civilization including architecture, painting and calligraphy, book-illustration, music and even dancing. The Hindus had no interest in history and biography and Muslims had always taken interest in life-history, biographical literature and political-history. Therefore they had an excellent contribution in this field also. However their most significant contribution is the bestowal of Urdu language. Although the Muslims came to the sub-continent in three capacities, as traders or business men, as commanders and soldiers or conquerors and as Sufis and masha’ikhs who performed the responsibilities of preaching, but the role of the Sufis and mash‘iskhs in the evolving and development of Urdu is the most significant. The objective of this paper is to briefly review their role in this connection. KEY WORDS: Urdu language, Sufia and Mashaikh, India, Culture and civilization, genres of literature Introduction The Muslim entered in India as conquerors with the conquests of Muhammad Bin Qasim in 94 AH / 712 AD. Their arrival caused revolutionary changes in culture, civilization and mode of life of India. -
Fairs and Festivals During the Qutub Shahi Sultans in Golconda M.Raju M.A
International Journal of Research e-ISSN: 2348-6848 p-ISSN: 2348-795X Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 05 Issue 04 February 2018 Fairs and Festivals during the Qutub Shahi Sultans in Golconda M.Raju M.A. (HISTORY) Abstract: subjects.He took keen interest in the The Golconda Kingdom came into diffusion of learning and patronised many existence after the disintegration of the Hindu scholars and poets, which also helped Bahmani Kingdom in 1518 A.D. Qutb Shahi him in uniting people of the different castes Sultans of Golconda ruled the Andhra and creeds. Out of affection for him, his Desha far nearly two centuries i.e., from Hindu subjects called him ‘Malik Ibhiram’, 1518 to 1687 A.D. Golconda was a vast ‘Vighuram’ or ‘Ibharamudu’. kingdom with fertile land and rich minerals The most outstanding personality resources, besides the agricultural land and among the Qutb Shahi rulers was that of forests. Golconda was blessed with Muhammed Quli Qutb Shah. (1580-1612 A. lucrative mines and other minerals like D), the fifth Qutb Shahi ruler of Golconda. pearls, diamonds, coal, agates, shabbier He was the most enlightened King of the etc. Qutb Shahi Sultans cultivated many Qutb Shah house. He was a versatile genius cultures in the Deccan region and they have a great architect, the founder of the well- respected all local traditions, customs, planned city of Hyderabad, a great poet of literature etc. the Dakhni and Persian, and the ruler of great tolerance for all religions The local Introduction: language, Telugu received encouragement from him. The Telugu poets and prose The contribution of Qutb Shahi Sultans writers were munificently encouraged and to the Socio-Economic and political rewarded by him. -
5Bb5d0e237837-1321573-Sample
Notion Press Old No. 38, New No. 6 McNichols Road, Chetpet Chennai - 600 031 First Published by Notion Press 2018 Copyright © Shikha Bhatnagar 2018 All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-1-64429-472-7 This book has been published with all efforts taken to make the material error-free after the consent of the author. However, the author and the publisher do not assume and hereby disclaim any liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other cause. No part of this book may be used, reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the author, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Contents Foreword vii Ode to Hyderabad ix Chapter 1 Legend of the Founding of the City of Good Fortune, Hyderabad 1 Chapter 2 Legend of the Charminar and the Mecca Masjid 13 Chapter 3 Legend of the Golconda Fort 21 Chapter 4 Legend of Shri Ram Bagh Temple 30 Chapter 5 Legends of Ashurkhana and Moula Ali 52 Chapter 6 Legends of Bonalu and Bathukamma Festivals 62 Chapter 7 Legendary Palaces, Mansions and Monuments of Hyderabad 69 v Contents Chapter 8 Legend of the British Residency or Kothi Residency 81 Chapter 9 Legendary Women Poets of Hyderabad: Mah Laqa Bai Chanda 86 Chapter 10 The Legendary Sarojini Naidu and the Depiction of Hyderabad in Her Poems 92 Conclusion 101 Works Cited 103 vi Chapter 1 Legend of the Founding of the City of Good Fortune, Hyderabad The majestic city of Hyderabad is steeped in history and culture. -
The Urban Morphology of Hyderabad, India: a Historical Geographic Analysis
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 6-2020 The Urban Morphology of Hyderabad, India: A Historical Geographic Analysis Kevin B. Haynes Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Human Geography Commons, and the Remote Sensing Commons Recommended Citation Haynes, Kevin B., "The Urban Morphology of Hyderabad, India: A Historical Geographic Analysis" (2020). Master's Theses. 5155. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/5155 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE URBAN MORPHOLOGY OF HYDERABAD, INDIA: A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS by Kevin B. Haynes A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Geography Western Michigan University June 2020 Thesis Committee: Adam J. Mathews, Ph.D., Chair Charles Emerson, Ph.D. Gregory Veeck, Ph.D. Nathan Tabor, Ph.D. Copyright by Kevin B. Haynes 2020 THE URBAN MORPHOLOGY OF HYDERABAD, INDIA: A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS Kevin B. Haynes, M.S. Western Michigan University, 2020 Hyderabad, India has undergone tremendous change over the last three centuries. The study seeks to understand how and why Hyderabad transitioned from a north-south urban morphological directional pattern to east-west during from 1687 to 2019. Satellite-based remote sensing will be used to measure the extent and land classifications of the city throughout the twentieth and twenty-first century using a geographic information science and historical- geographic approach. -
Lambada- Telugu Contact: Factors Affecting Language Choice in Bilinguals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714 www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 10||October. 2016 || PP.43-46 Lambada- Telugu Contact: Factors Affecting Language Choice in Bilinguals Kishore Vadthya PhD, Applied Linguistics, University of Hyderabad ABSTRACT: Language contact between Lambadi and Telugu in Telangana region has been in effect since before independence. Generations of contact has resulted in bilingualism of various degrees among them. This bilingualism has produced variation in the use of Lambadi language with respect to psychological, social and cultural factors further under the influence of urbanization and globalization. Part of a series of research, addressed to analyze the synchronic effects seen as a consequence of the contact of lambada with a dominant language (culturally and in numbers), this paper aims to state and consolidate all factors influencing the language maintenance and shift among Lambada speakers. Under such circumstances, an analysis of language choice under the influence of factors ranging from situation, topic, domain, role, media as theorized by Fishman(1965) are applicable with furthermore additions resulting from Lambadi being an oral language. Language contact and choice, of two languages with scripts has to be viewed in a different perspective than the contact between an orally passed down language and a language with script. Media variance tips the needle towards the scripted language for all governmental and technical purposes and thus eliminates the resistance to shift from mother tongue which is otherwise universally seen. Similar differences have been studied and an effort to give a construct more suitable to the multilingual contact study of the case under study has been done in this paper. -
Grammatical Gender and Linguistic Complexity
Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity Volume I: General issues and specific studies Edited by Francesca Di Garbo Bruno Olsson Bernhard Wälchli language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 26 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Editor: Martin Haspelmath In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of marked-S languages. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake (Papua New Guinea). 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Scandinavian vernaculars. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan languages and linguistics. 11. Kluge, Angela. A grammar of Papuan Malay. 12. Kieviet, Paulus. A grammar of Rapa Nui. 13. Michaud, Alexis. Tone in Yongning Na: Lexical tones and morphotonology. 14. Enfield, N. J. (ed.). Dependencies in language: On the causal ontology of linguistic systems. 15. Gutman, Ariel. Attributive constructions in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic. 16. Bisang, Walter & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios. 17. Stenzel, Kristine & Bruna Franchetto (eds.). On this and other worlds: Voices from Amazonia. 18. Paggio, Patrizia and Albert Gatt (eds.). The languages of Malta. 19. Seržant, Ilja A. & Alena Witzlack-Makarevich (eds.). Diachrony of differential argument marking. 20. Hölzl, Andreas. A typology of questions in Northeast Asia and beyond: An ecological perspective. 21. Riesberg, Sonja, Asako Shiohara & Atsuko Utsumi (eds.). Perspectives on information structure in Austronesian languages. -
Continuity and Change in a Muslim Community
A Modern History of the Ismailis The Institute of Ismaili Studies The Institute of Ismaili Studies Ismaili Heritage Series, 13 General Editor: Farhad Daftary _______________________________________________________________________ Previously published titles: 1. Paul E. Walker, Abū Yaʽqūb al-Sijistānī: Intellectual Missionary (1996) 2. Heinz Halm, The Fatimids and their Traditions of Learning (1997) 3. Paul E. Walker, Ḥamīd al-Dīn al-Kirmānī: Ismaili Thought in the Age of al-Ḥākim (1999) 4. Alice C. Hunsberger, Nasir Khusraw, The Ruby of Badakhshan: A Portrait of the Persian Poet, Traveller and Philosopher (2000) 5. Farouk Mitha, Al-Ghazālī and the Ismailis: A Debate on Reason and Authority in Medieval Islam (2001) 6. Ali S. Asani, Ecstasy and Enlightenment: The Ismaili Devotional Literature of South Asia (2002) 7. Paul E. Walker, Exploring an Islamic Empire: Fatimid History and its Sources (2002) 8. Nadia Eboo Jamal, Surviving the Mongols: Nizārī Quhistānī and the Continuity of Ismaili Tradition in Persia (2002) 9. Verena Klemm, Memoirs of a Mission: The Ismaili Scholar, Statesman and Poet al-Muʼayyad fi’l-Dīn al-Shīrāzī (2003) 10. Peter Willey, Eagle’s Nest: Ismaili Castles in Iran and Syria (2005) 11. Sumaiya A. Hamdani, Between Revolution and State: The Path to Fatimid Statehood, Qadi al-Nuʽman and the Construction of Fatimid Legitimacy (2006) 12. Farhad Daftary, Ismailis in Medieval Muslim Societies (2005) The Institute of Ismaili Studies A Modern History of the Ismailis Continuity and Change in a Muslim Community Edited by Farhad Daftary The Institute of Ismaili Studies I.B.Tauris Publishers london • new york in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies London, 2011 Published in 2011 by I.B.Tauris & Co. -
Eighty Years of Dakani Scholarship
.. Eighty Years of Dakani Scholarship D, which as the term implies was written and developed in the kingdoms of the medieval Deccan, is still widely spoken, though now rarely written, over a large area of southern India, and during the last eighty years or so its literature has attracted the attention of many modern scholars and historians. The language which is generally referred to by the blanket term qadµm urd∑ (old Urdu)1 grew up in and around Delhi after the establishment of the Muslim Sultanate in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries , and rapidly developed into a convenient lingua franca of the area. It was, however, Persian which persisted as the major literary medium, and in the early period, apart from a few scattered and often garbled quotations in the hagiographies of the Sufis, we have little evidence for the use of vernacular. It is popularly believed that the fourteenth century poet Amir Khusrao composed some of his verse in it, and that his contemporary Gesu Daraz, who eventually arrived in the Deccan to spread the word of Islam, composed works in both Dakani prose and verse, but since there is no way to prove their authenticity, such theories should probably be discounted. Stray sentences in the malf∑ ≥t of the Sufis, however, give us a clear indication that the language was used during their time. The early speakers of this developing language probably had little concept of its nature, and referred to it by a plethora of Persian names: hindµ, hindavµ (i.e., Indian), zab≥n-e dihlµ (the speech of Delhi), and when it eventually spread as a common tongue to Gujarat and the Deccan, the geographical terms gujrµ and dakanµ came to be applied to it.