Between Rome and Babylon
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Jewish Perspectives on Reproductive Realities by Rabbi Lori Koffman, NCJW Board Director and Chair of NCJW’S Reproductive Health, Rights and Justice Initiative
Jewish Perspectives on Reproductive Realities By Rabbi Lori Koffman, NCJW Board Director and Chair of NCJW’s Reproductive Health, Rights and Justice Initiative A note on the content below: We acknowledge that this document invokes heavily gendered language due to the prevailing historic male voices in Jewish rabbinic and biblical perspectives, and the fact that Hebrew (the language in which these laws originated) is a gendered language. We also recognize some of these perspectives might be in contradiction with one another and with some of NCJW’s approaches to the issues of reproductive health, rights, and justice. Background Family planning has been discussed in Judaism for several thousand years. From the earliest of the ‘sages’ until today, a range of opinions has existed — opinions which can be in tension with one another and are constantly evolving. Historically these discussions have assumed that sexual intimacy happens within the framework of heterosexual marriage. A few fundamental Jewish tenets underlie any discussion of Jewish views on reproductive realities. • Protecting an existing life is paramount, even when it means a Jew must violate the most sacred laws.1 • Judaism is decidedly ‘pro-natalist,’ and strongly encourages having children. The duty of procreation is based on one of the earliest and often repeated obligations of the Torah, ‘pru u’rvu’, 2 to be ‘fruitful and multiply.’ This fundamental obligation in the Jewish tradition is technically considered only to apply to males. Of course, Jewish attitudes toward procreation have not been shaped by Jewish law alone, but have been influenced by the historic communal trauma (such as the Holocaust) and the subsequent yearning of some Jews to rebuild community through Jewish population growth. -
A USER's MANUAL Part 1: How Is Halakhah Organized?
TORAHLEADERSHIP.ORG RABBI ARYEH KLAPPER HALAKHAH: A USER’S MANUAL Part 1: How is Halakhah Organized? I. How is Halakhah Organized? 4 case studies a. Mishnah Berakhot 1:1, and gemara thereupon b. Support of the poor Peiah, Bava Batra, Matnot Aniyyim, Yoreh Deah) c. Conversion ?, Yevamot, Issurei Biah, Yoreh Deah) d. Mourning Moed Qattan, Shoftim, Yoreh Deiah) Mishnah Berakhot 1:1 From what time may one recite the Shema in the evening? From the hour that the kohanim enter to eat their terumah Until the end of the first watch, in the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer. The Sages say: Until midnight. Rabban Gamliel says: Until morning. It happened that his sons came from a wedding feast. They said to him: We have not yet recited the Shema. He said to them: If it has not yet morned, you are obligated to recite it. Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 2a What is the context of the Mishnah’s opening “From when”? Also, why does it teach about the evening first, rather than about the morning? The context is Scripture saying “when you lie down and when you arise” (Devarim 6:7, 11:9). what the Mishnah intends is: “The time of the Shema of lying-down – when is it?” Alternatively: The context is Creation, as Scripture writes “There was evening and there was morning”. Mishnah Berakhot 1:1 (continued) Not only this – rather, everything about which the Sages say until midnight – their mitzvah is until morning. The burning of fats and organs – their mitzvah is until morning. All sacrifices that must be eaten in a day – their mitzvah is until morning. -
Betar and Aelia Capitolina: Symbols of Jewish Suffering Dr
Betar and Aelia Capitolina: Symbols of Jewish Suffering Dr. Jill Katz Professor of Archaeology and Anthropology, Yeshiva University Of the five specific tragedies that warrant fasting on Tishah b’Av (Mishnah Taanit 4:6), two are related to the Second Jewish Revolt against Rome. The first is the capture of the city of Betar (135 CE) and the second is the plowing of Jerusalem one year later. At first glance, these calamities do not seem to be of the same scale as the destruction of the First and Second Temples. The Jews were neither forcibly removed en masse to a distant land nor was a standing Temple destroyed. Perhaps one could argue that their inclusion within the list was simply due to their still being fresh in people’s memories. Surely, the rabbis of the Mishnaic period would have encountered eyewitnesses to these events and been moved by their recollections. Yet, if this were so, then the Mishnah really need only include one reference to the rebellion. By including two, the Mishnah is teaching us something about the magnitude of this tragedy and the challenges that lay ahead for the Jewish people. Betar If not for the Bar Kokhba rebellion, it is unlikely many people would be familiar with Betar. The ancient city (Khirbet el-Yahud – “ruin of the Jews”) was a modest settlement southwest of Jerusalem in the Judean Hills. Surveys and brief excavations have demonstrated that Betar was first settled during the period of the Shoftim and became a city of moderate importance by the time of Hizkiyahu. -
November 2014 Al-Malih Shaqed Kh
Salem Zabubah Ram-Onn Rummanah The West Bank Ta'nak Ga-Taybah Um al-Fahm Jalameh / Mqeibleh G Silat 'Arabunah Settlements and the Separation Barrier al-Harithiya al-Jalameh 'Anin a-Sa'aidah Bet She'an 'Arrana G 66 Deir Ghazala Faqqu'a Kh. Suruj 6 kh. Abu 'Anqar G Um a-Rihan al-Yamun ! Dahiyat Sabah Hinnanit al-Kheir Kh. 'Abdallah Dhaher Shahak I.Z Kfar Dan Mashru' Beit Qad Barghasha al-Yunis G November 2014 al-Malih Shaqed Kh. a-Sheikh al-'Araqah Barta'ah Sa'eed Tura / Dhaher al-Jamilat Um Qabub Turah al-Malih Beit Qad a-Sharqiyah Rehan al-Gharbiyah al-Hashimiyah Turah Arab al-Hamdun Kh. al-Muntar a-Sharqiyah Jenin a-Sharqiyah Nazlat a-Tarem Jalbun Kh. al-Muntar Kh. Mas'ud a-Sheikh Jenin R.C. A'ba al-Gharbiyah Um Dar Zeid Kafr Qud 'Wadi a-Dabi Deir Abu Da'if al-Khuljan Birqin Lebanon Dhaher G G Zabdah לבנון al-'Abed Zabdah/ QeiqisU Ya'bad G Akkabah Barta'ah/ Arab a-Suweitat The Rihan Kufeirit רמת Golan n 60 הגולן Heights Hadera Qaffin Kh. Sab'ein Um a-Tut n Imreihah Ya'bad/ a-Shuhada a a G e Mevo Dotan (Ganzour) n Maoz Zvi ! Jalqamus a Baka al-Gharbiyah r Hermesh Bir al-Basha al-Mutilla r e Mevo Dotan al-Mughayir e t GNazlat 'Isa Tannin i a-Nazlah G d Baqah al-Hafira e The a-Sharqiya Baka al-Gharbiyah/ a-Sharqiyah M n a-Nazlah Araba Nazlat ‘Isa Nazlat Qabatiya הגדה Westהמערבית e al-Wusta Kh. -
Fooling the Tax Collector
Schachter, rosh yeshiva of Rabbi Isaac Elchanan In introducing a new metaphor — that Theological Seminary (RIETS) at Yeshiva citizens of a modern democracy are more University. “It is important to note that today like partners than subjects — into formalized the basis for taxation is totally different from Jewish legal thinking, Schachter has taken what it was in talmudic times.” According to a a first important step in opening up an en- contemporary understanding of Jewish law, we tirely new vista from which to think about ought to ground the obligation to pay taxes not the legitimacy of taxes and the responsibility SHMA.COM in the anachronistic notion of dina d’malchuta of partners to participate in public policy dis- dina; rather, we should invoke the talmudic cussions. In this alternative view, it is not us concept of shutfim or partnership. Schachter versus them, but rather “we the people” who concludes, “All people who live in the same must formulate fair tax rules and just public city, state, and country are considered ‘shut- policies. It follows directly from Schachter’s fim’ with respect to the services provided by new formulation that as Jewish partners in that city, state, and country. The purpose be- this process, we have a unique right and obli- hind the taxes is no longer ‘to enrich the king’ gation to bring to our fellow citizens the best in the slightest.” (Torahweb.org) of Jewish legal and ethical thinking. Fooling the Tax Collector: Why the Rabbis Once Approved DAVID BRODSKY abbi Naftali Tzvi Weisz, the Spinka Luke 3:12, 5:27–30, 7:29, 7:34, 15:1, and 18:9– Rebbe of Boro Park, and the great-great- 14), just as the Mishnah associates them with Rgrandson of R. -
Miriyam Goldman OA Thesis 9Dec20.Pdf (247.7Kb)
The Living Stone: The Talmudic Paradox of the Seventh Month Gestational Viability vs. the Eighth Month Non-Viability Presented to the S. Daniel Abraham Honors Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completion of the Program Stern College for Women Yeshiva University December 9, 2020 Miriyam A. Goldman Mentor: Rabbi Dr. Richard Weiss, Biology Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………….…. 4 Background to Pregnancy ……………………………………………………………………… 5 Talmudic Sources on the Dilemma ……………………………………………………………. 6 Meforshim on the Dilemma ……………………………………………………………………. 9 Secular Sources of the Dilemma ………………………………………………………………. 11 The Significance of Hair and Nails in Terms of Viability……………………………….……... 14 The Definition of Nefel’s Impact on Viability ……………………………………………….. 17 History of Premature Survival ………………………………………………………………… 18 Statistics on Prematurity ………………………………………………………………………. 19 Developmental Differences Between Seventh and Eighth Months ……………………….…. 20 Contemporary Talmudic Balance of the Dilemma..…………………………………….…….. 22 Contemporary Secular Balance of the Dilemma .……………………………………….…….. 24 Evaluation of Talmudic Accreditation …………………………………………………..…...... 25 Interviews with Rabbi Eitan Mayer, Rabbi Daniel Stein, and Rabbi Dr. Richard Weiss .…...... 27 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………….…. 29 References…..………………………………………………………………………………..… 34 2 Abstract This paper reviews the viability of premature infants, specifically the halachic status of those born in -
A Erosao, a Conservaçao E O Manejo Do Solo No Nordeste
SUDENE O.R.S.T.O.M. SUPERINTENDÊNCIA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO OFFICE DE LA RECHERCHE DO NORDESTE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DEPART~ENTO DE RECURSOS NATURAlS OUTRE-MER DIVI~AO DE RECURSOS RENOVAVElS (FRANÇA) A EROSAO, A CONSERVAÇAO E 0 MANE]O DO SOLO NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO BALANÇO, DIAGNOSTICO E NOVAS LINHAS DE PESQUISAS Jean-Claude LEPRUN Maître de Recherches Principal no ORSTOM Docteur ès Sciences Trabalho realizado mediante convênio SUDENE e ORSTOM Recife 1981 A EROsA01 A CONSERVAÇAO E 0 MANEJO DO SOLO NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO , Balançol' diagnostico e novas linhas de pesquisas "É que 0 mal é antigo. Colaborando com os elementos meteorologicos, com 0 Nordeste, com a secçao das estradas, com as caniculas, com a erosao eolia, com as tempestades subitâneas. 0 ho mem fez-se um componente nefasto en tre as forças daquele clima demoli dor... Deu um auxiliar à degradaçao das tormentas... Fez, talvez, 0 de serto." (EUCLIDES DA CUNHA. Os Sertoes,l902). 3 SUMÂRIO APRESENTAÇAO 7 RESUMO 9 1 - SITUAÇAO DOS ESTUDOS DE CONSERVAÇAO E MANEJO DOS SOLO NO NORDESTE Il 1.1 - HIST5RICO .•..••...••..............•......•......•..•....•••• Il 1.2 - ESTUDOS E TRABALHOS JA REALIZADOS NO NORDESTE ...••••.••.•..• 12 1.3 - ESTUDOS EM ANDAMENTO •.•....•...•.•..••••.....•..••.•. ~ ...... 12 1.3.1 - Quadro - Caracteristicas fisicas e pesquisas desen- vo1vidas sobre conservaçâo e menejo dos solos no Nordeste (ate 0 fim do ano de 1980) atravês dos con- vênios 13 2 - A EQUAÇAO DE PERDAS DO SOLO DE WISCHMEIER •••..••.................. 19 2. 1 - INTRODUÇAO ....•.........•........•.......................•.. 19 2.2 - OS DIFERENTES FATORES DA EQUAÇAO ...•...•.•.•••............... 19 2.2.1 - 0 fator erosividade da chuva ou agressividade c1i- mâtica: R 19 2.2.1.1 - Tabe1a - Dados tirados do p1uviograma da chuva do dia 22/02/1969 em Gloria do Goita 20 2.2.1.2 - Fig. -
July 2020, Volume 19, No
The Barnesville Lantern Barnesville Baptist Church 17917 Barnesville Road/P.O. Box 69 Barnesville, Maryland 20838 301-407-0500 (phone/fax) www.barnesvillebaptist.org [email protected] July 2020, Volume 19, No. 2 Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path (Psalm 119:105). The Pastor’s Spotlight In This Edition: In Bible times, the Egyptian pharaoh was the most powerful The Pastor’s Spotlight, Page 1 man in the world. As portrayed by Yul Brynner in the 1956 Upcoming Events, Page 1 movie The Ten Commandments, Pharaoh’s word was law: The Pew Perspective, Page 2 “So let it be written, so let it be done”! But when the Lord had Biblical Garments Scramble and Word Search, Page 2 Moses tell Pharaoh to “Let my people go”, God overturned July Birthdays, Page 3 Pharaoh’s world until God’s Word was fulfilled. God’s Word Prayer Concerns, Page 3 can create anything or turn any situation around (Genesis 1:1; Business Meeting Briefs, Page 3 John 1:1). He made Israel a free nation when freedom was humanly impossible, just as easily as He called the universe COTCD Cartoon, Page 3 into existence out of nothingness. “God…gives life to the Biblical Garments Scramble Answers, Page 3 dead and calls those things which do not exist as though they News You Can Use, Page 4 did” (Romans 4:17). So as we go through this evil world, we July 2020 Calendar, Page 5 need to focus on God’s Word and better understand that God’s Holy Word is alive and has the power to move and Upcoming Events pierce our own hearts as well as change the entire world. -
The Greatest Mirror: Heavenly Counterparts in the Jewish Pseudepigrapha
The Greatest Mirror Heavenly Counterparts in the Jewish Pseudepigrapha Andrei A. Orlov On the cover: The Baleful Head, by Edward Burne-Jones. Oil on canvas, dated 1886– 1887. Courtesy of Art Resource. Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 2017 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu Production, Dana Foote Marketing, Fran Keneston Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Orlov, Andrei A., 1960– author. Title: The greatest mirror : heavenly counterparts in the Jewish Pseudepigrapha / Andrei A. Orlov. Description: Albany, New York : State University of New York Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016052228 (print) | LCCN 2016053193 (ebook) | ISBN 9781438466910 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781438466927 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Apocryphal books (Old Testament)—Criticism, interpretation, etc. Classification: LCC BS1700 .O775 2017 (print) | LCC BS1700 (ebook) | DDC 229/.9106—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016052228 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For April DeConick . in the season when my body was completed in its maturity, there imme- diately flew down and appeared before me that most beautiful and greatest mirror-image of myself. -
A History of the Hebrews in Outline
HJews K297h Kelsoy J, A, A History of the Hebrews in Outline. JAMES A. Kelso ^1^ A History of the Hebrews in Outline Down to the Restoration Under Ezra and Nehemiah Syllabus of a Course of Class Studies and Lectures V ^ By James A'. Kelso \*\ For use in the Clan.ies of The Western Theological Seminary pittsburgh, pa. COPYRIGHT, 1921, By the Wentern Theological Seminary - i « '' ' PREFACE This outline syllabus of Old Testament History, covering the ground from the Patriarchal Age to the times of Ezra and Nehemiah, is intended for use in the classes of the Western Theological Seminary. It pre- supposes the discussions and lectures of the professor; and the arrangement of the material is such as to compel the student to study the original sources and to get a comprehensive idea of the chief works of modern his- torical literature that bear on the history of ancient Israel. The chief merit of this method of approach to the subject lies in the compulsion which it exerts on the student: first, to master the material; and secondly, to think out the problems for himself instead of taking his conclusions secondhand from a textbook. A History of the Hebrews In Outline 5 Books of Reference Abbreviations— Bd Baedeker Syria and Palestine Ball Ball Lifflit from the East Barton A History of the Hehreivs In Outline Mercer A History of the Hehreus In Outline 7 I. Introductory Studies 1. Definition of history; point of view of the his- torian and his methods Kit I 1 McC 1-16 § ; §§ ; Briggs, Study of Holy Scripture ch xxii 2. -
Berachot 5A When You Get up from the Sefer, Look for Something You Have Learned That You Can Live by (Igeret Ramban( NEWSLETTER - WEEK 7 - FEB 23-29, 2020
BeRachot 5a When you get up from the sefer, look for something you have learned that you can live by (Igeret Ramban( NEWSLETTER - WEEK 7 - FEB 23-29, 2020 haLachot • Even a Talmid Hacham, who constantly reviews his learning in his mind, must recite at least one verse of merciful supplication before retiring at night, such as (Tehillim 31:6): In Your hand I entrust my spirit; You redeemed me, O Hashem, God of truth (Gemara; see Pesukim). • Shulhan Aruch states that upon retiring for the night one says Shema, a collection of various verses (including Tehillim ibid.) and Birkat HaMapil (see O.H. 239:1). • One who recites Keriat Shema upon his bed when retiring for the night is as if he holds a double-edged sword in his hand to ward of the demons (see Likute Amarim #7; and Kaf HaHaim ibid. #14). • One fulfills the bedtime requirement by saying the first paragraph of Shema (Shulhan Aruch ibid.). It is preferable, though, to recite all three paragraphs (Kaf HaHaim ibid. #1). • Women are included in this requirement just like men (Kaf HaHaim ibid. #3). • When one experiences suffering it is an opportunity to serve Hashem with love by accepting the suffering willingly (Orah Mesharim 1:18; cf. Maharsha, Taanit 8a). • A person who suffers also must analyze his deeds and attempt to determine what he did wrong to deserve this suffering and rectify his deeds (Gemara; see Mussar). inspiRation The Gemara teaches that Hashem visits suffering upon those whom He loves, in order to cleanse them from their sins and increase their reward in the World to Come (Rashi; cf. -
High Priests Garments and History
THE HIGH PRIEST - GARMENTS AND HISTORY Historical Significance and Symbolism Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM THE HIGH PRIEST • Brief Introduction • Appearance in the VSL • Garments – Biblical Explanations – Use in Royal Arch • Observations Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM TRIVIA • Master of the Chapter – in United States – Excellent High Priest, King, and Scribe • In United Kingdom – First, Second, Third Principal • In Ireland – Excellent King, High Priest and Chief Scribe Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM TRIVIA • In United Kingdom – First, Second, Third Principal – Most Excellent Zerubbabel Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM THE HIGH PRIEST • Master of a Chapter • Member of the Grand Council • Past High Priest – Wears a distinctive Symbol Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM ROYAL ARCH - HIGH PRIEST SYMBOL • Is the Breastplate of the High Priest of Israel • Described in Exodus 28 • Created in Exodus 39 • Worn by Aaron in Leviticus 8 Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM THE HIGH PRIEST OF ISRAEL • Aaron was the first – Exodus 28 • Was to be successive through Aaron’s line – Aaron Eleazar Phinehas Abishua Bukki Uzzi – Ithamar Eli Ahitub Ahijah Ahimelech Abiathar • Solomon – Abiathar Zadok (High Priest at completion of the First Temple) Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM THE FIRST TEMPLE • David – Abiathar and Zadok were High Priests in tandem • Solomon – When Adonijah tries to claim power and kingship • Abiathar sides with Adonijah’s camp – David near death proclaims Solomon