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The Micro-Reserves As a Tool for Conservation of Threatened Plants in Europe

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The Micro-Reserves As a Tool for Conservation of Threatened Plants in Europe The micro-reserves as a tool for conservation of threatened plants in Europe by Emilio Laguna Lumbreras Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention) Nature and environment, No. 121 © Council of Europe Publishing, April 2001 The effort to make this work is dedicated in memoriam to ‘Capi’ Trillo, keeper of the botanical and zoological treasures of the Columbretes Islands Nature Reserve (Castellon, Valencian Community) who died in 1998, and to Jean Paul Galland, main French officer on plant conservation, who died in 1996. A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s The author of this report would Aulikki ALANEN (Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, like to express his gratitude to Finland), the important effort made by Tatiana L. ANDRIENKO (Laboratory for Scientifical several collaborators. Many Fundamentals of Conservation, Kiev, Ukraine), thanks especially to Andrew BYFIELD (Fauna & Flora International / Dogal Ms Vicky Freeman and the Hayatu Koruma Dergeni, Istanbul, Turkey), World Conservation Monitoring Jan CEROVSKY, Maria MARSAKOVA and Podhajsza ZDENKA Centre (WCMC), for allowing (Czech Agence for Nature and Landscape Protection, Praha, access to providing global data Czech Republic), on protected areas of less than Natalia DANILINA (Zapovedniks Environmental Information 100 hectares for all European Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation), countries. The following people Viera FERÁKOVÁ and Ladislav JEDLICKA (Comenius – usually botanists Doctors or University, Bratislava, Slovakia), Professors at research centres, Vin FLEMING, John McKINNELL and Chris SYDES nature conservation agencies or (International and Biodiversity Branch, Scottish Natural NGOs- have provided the author Heritage, Edinburgh, Scotland-UK), with specific information on José GARCÍA CASANOVA (regional Environmental reserves or similar areas of less Administration of Canary Islands, Spain), than 100 hectares: Fernando GASTÓN (SIAN, regional Environmental Administration of Navarra), Piotr GORBUNENKO (Biotica Ecological Society, Kishinev, Moldova), Carlos IBERO (Ministry of Environment, Madrid, Spain), Oleg MASLOVSKY (National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus), Viktor MELNIK (Botanical Garden, Kiev, Ukraine), Mira MILEVA (IUCN/REC Biodiversity Secretariat, Szentendre Secretariat) and the officers of the national CEE Regional Environmental Centres of Albania and Lithuania - Ruta Vaiciunaute-, Carlos ONTAÑÓN and Julio GUIRAL (regional Environmental Administration of Aragon, Spain), María PERY and Jordi RUÍZ (regional Environmental Administration of Catalonia, Spain), José BENITO REZA (regional Environmental Administration of Galicia, Spain), Maria de Lurdes SERPA CARVALHO (National Institute for Nature Conservation, Lisboa, Portugal), Marko SABOLJEVIC (Petnica Science Centre, Valjevo, Yugoslavia), Jadwiga SIENKIEWICZ (Institute of Environmental Protection, Warsaw, Poland), Peter SKOBERNE (Ministry of Environment, Ljubljana, Slovenia), Jani VANGJELI (Institute of Biological Researches, Tirana, Albania), Marianne WETTERIN (Swedish Ministry for Environment, Stockholm, Sweden) A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s The author wishes to express his The author would like to mention the active collaboration of gratitude to all the people that worked for the micro-reserves programme, Eladio FERNÁNDEZ-GALIANO and he is especially grateful to Santiago REYNA, (Council of Europe, Gabriel BALLESTER, Dr Enrique SANCHÍS, Environment Conservation and Dr Carlos FABREGAT, Lluis SERRA, Amparo OLIVARES, Management and Regional Patricia PÉREZ ROVIRA, Benjamí PÉREZ ROCHER, and Planning Division) and Mari Carmen ESCRIBÁ. Javier PITARCH, who assesses Mr Hugh SYNGE (Plant Talk) Valencia’s micro-reserves programme in topics on design, thanking them for their informatics and public image, has contributed by creating the continuous interest in maps that are shown in this report. Finally, proceeding with the idea of Victor PÉREZ GONZÁLEZ, has kindly made the orthographic establishing future networks of and grammatical corrections in the English language. small protected areas for wild plants in Europe; the author is especially grateful to them for their important strategic aid in order to access international databases and to obtain bibliographic references and useful contact addresses. Table of contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................ 3 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 11 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 13 Section One: The plant micro-reserves network of the Valencian Community (Spain) ............. 17 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 19 Origin of the micro-reserves idea................................................................................................... 19 The legal concept of plant micro-reserve and its meaning............................................................ 21 On the legal frame for prohibitions and use limitations ................................................................ 21 Forbidden activities......................................................................................................................... 22 General site conditions to be qualified as a micro-reserve ............................................................ 23 Usual procedures............................................................................................................................. 23 Phases of the micro-reserves programme ...................................................................................... 25 Development of the micro-reserves programme and LIFE funds................................................. 25 Degree of evolution of the micro-reserves network ...................................................................... 26 The expansion of private participation........................................................................................... 27 Keeping and watching the micro-reserves ..................................................................................... 30 The micro-reserves within the global regional strategy to conserve wild plants.......................... 30 Section Two: An overview on the small protected areas in Europe and surrounding countries ................................................................................................................... 49 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 51 Categories of protected areas.......................................................................................................... 51 Interpretative comments ................................................................................................................. 54 Size of protected areas. Meaning of ‘Small protected areas’ ........................................................ 55 On some general trends .................................................................................................................. 55 Designations giving direct and indirect protection ........................................................................ 56 Preventive and active designations for plant conservation............................................................ 57 Giving protection to habitats and/or to areas ................................................................................. 57 Materials and Methods................................................................................................................... 57 Reviews of the national status ........................................................................................................ 58 Albania .............................................................................................................................. 58 Algeria .............................................................................................................................. 59 Andorra.............................................................................................................................. 59 Armenia ............................................................................................................................. 59 Austria .............................................................................................................................. 59 Azerbaijan ......................................................................................................................... 60 Belarus .............................................................................................................................. 60 Belgium ............................................................................................................................. 60 Bosnia and Herzegovina ................................................................................................... 61 Bulgaria ............................................................................................................................. 61 Croatia .............................................................................................................................. 61 Cyprus
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