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Friendship Amongst Young Adults in Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina

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Friendship Amongst Young Adults in Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina ISSN 1653-2244 INSTITUTIONEN FÖR KULTURANTROPOLOGI OCH ETNOLOGI DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY “My Friends Are My Safety Net”: Friendship Amongst Young Adults in Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina By Ann-Marie Karcsics 2013 MASTERUPPSATSER I KULTURANTROPOLOGI Nr 45 “My Friends Are My Safety Net” Friendship Amongst Young Adults in Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina A Master Thesis by Ann-Marie Karcsics Department of Cultural Anthropology and Ethnology Uppsala University Supervisor: Ivana Maček September 2013 Abstract In the unique post-war and post-socialist arena several recent studies on former Yugoslavian countries indicate that young people confronted by chal- lenges of risk and uncertainty are turning away from the national and political sphere. Instead, they often seek trust and opportunities in their networks and re- lationships on a personal level. This thesis explores the narratives and everyday practices of young adults in Sarajevo regarding their friendship sociabilities. The aim is to provide an insight on how friendships are characterised, experienced and related to the specific social and economic organisations that influences them. Based on fieldwork carried out in Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina my project wants to present how young adults are reflecting and developing aspira- tions in the light of their available choices and opportunities in life and how they are using their friends in order to access various types of benefits and support. It is argued that in specific contexts friendships constitute the main social capitals and orientation points for young people. In order to explore and navigate through the different interests and agendas present in their community when it comes to personal education, career development and housing young people necessarily choose to favour the reliance on their informal solidarities in form of friendships. Keywords: friendship, young adults, sociability, social identity, Sarajevo, Bos- nia & Herzegovina, social capital. Cover Photo: © 2011 Dimitri Kruglikov. Sebilj in Baščaršija, Sarajevo. flickr.com / permission granted by owner List of Acronyms BCS Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (language) FBiH Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) DPA Dayton Peace Agreement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NGO Non-Governmental Organisation OHR Office of High Representative RS Republika Srpska SDS Srpska Demokratska Stranka (Serb Democratic Party) SSOJ Savez socijalističke omladine Jugoslavije (League of Social- ist Youth of Yugoslavia) UNPROFOR United Nations Protection Force Acknowledgments I am grateful for the comments I have received on my initial idea for fieldwork from Jan Ovesen and Eren Zink at Uppsala University and Signe Borch at the University of Gothenburg. My fieldwork was made possible from the financial means of the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and Göranson-Sandviken Foundation. A special thank to Csilla Czikkely and Laura Boerhout for the encouraging help with the preparation before entering my field. I am also very thankful for the opportunity to return to Sarajevo with the financial support by the Hugo Valentin Centre at Uppsala University. Further, I wish to thank Lajla Zaimović-Kurtović, Melina Sadiković and Sanja Vrzić at ACIPS (Alumni of the Center for Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Studies) for their help and support with my research. To my supervisor Ivana Maček. I wish to thank all the effort you have put in encouraging me and my research through this journey. Your comments and inputs have been the most valuable for me. I am also very thankful for the con- structive comments and inputs I have received from Jelena Spasenić on my final draft. To Tamas Marki. I am forever thankful for all the help and encouragement you have given me. I also wish to thank my co-students at the Master program in Cultural Anthropology for being there for me and sharing the process of the- sis writing. Especially thanks to Amelie Baumann, Aïdas Sanogo, Arlena Lig- gins and Ismael Ibrahim. Lastly, I am forever grateful to all my informants who generously shared their stories with me throughout my fieldwork. Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 2 List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... 4 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Purpose and Aim ................................................................................................ 8 1.2 A Working Definition of Friendship ............................................................... 10 1.3 Limitations of the Thesis ................................................................................. 12 1.4 Outline of the Thesis ........................................................................................ 14 2 Methodology ............................................................................................................ 16 2.1 Preparations Before Entering the Field ............................................................ 16 2.2 Entering the Field ............................................................................................. 17 2.3 Leaving the Field ............................................................................................. 20 2.4 Returning to the Field ...................................................................................... 21 3 Background ............................................................................................................. 24 3.1 Independence and War in Bosnia and Herzegovina ........................................ 24 3.2 Post-War Ethnic Awareness ............................................................................ 25 3.3 Education ......................................................................................................... 27 3.4 Employment and Migration ............................................................................. 29 3.5 Youth Political Participation and Activism ..................................................... 30 3.6 My Field: Sarajevo ........................................................................................... 32 3.7 Summary .......................................................................................................... 34 4 Theoretical Framework ......................................................................................... 35 4.1 Placing Friendship Within a Context ............................................................... 35 4.2 The Dynamics of Friendship............................................................................ 39 4.3 The Utilisation of Friendships ......................................................................... 43 4.4 Summary .......................................................................................................... 47 5 The Nature of Friendship ...................................................................................... 49 5.1 Exploring the Bond Between Friends .............................................................. 49 5.2 Friends Through Time and Life Transitions .................................................... 53 5.3 Transformation of Friendship Ties and Sociability ......................................... 58 5.4 Summary .......................................................................................................... 61 6 Interactional Identity Processes Through Sociability ......................................... 62 6.1 Coffee with Friends ......................................................................................... 63 6.2 Alma’s Ways of Socialising with Friends ....................................................... 65 6.3 Attitudes Towards a Common Urban Identity ................................................. 71 6.4 Summary .......................................................................................................... 77 7 Forms of Support .................................................................................................... 79 7.1 Emotional Support ........................................................................................... 79 7.2 Spaces of Social Support ................................................................................. 85 7.3 Routine and Representation of a Kafana-Lifestyle .......................................... 94 7.4 Summary .......................................................................................................... 99 8 Friends for Benefits? ............................................................................................ 100 8.1 Good and Bad Ways of Using Social Capital ................................................ 100 8.2 Where Friendship is Not Enough: Inclusive and Exclusive Social Capital .. 106 8.3 Summary ........................................................................................................ 116 9 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 119 References .................................................................................................................. 127 6 1 Introduction The contemporary
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