CosmoGov: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan ISSN 2442-5958 E-ISSN 2540-8674

THE ROLE OF AND IN STRENGTHENING NATIONAL UNION OF THE REPUBLIC OF (The Government of the Republic of Indonesia)

Taufiqurokhman

Faculty of Social and Political Science Universitas Prof.Dr. Moestopo (Religious)

email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The Indonesian government with the central position of power in and the form of the Government of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), the spread of in the Land of Java in the framework of NKRI Government implemented by the scholars of Indonesia especially the spread of Islam carried out widely with the appearance of Wali Songo in Java. The presence of the scholars by giving his dakwah to the wider community, and the state of Indonesia is the largest adherents of Islam. At the end of 2014 came the figure of President Jokowi is quite phenomenal and assume the role of President Jokowi many do the ways of Islamic da'wah as did the scholars and guardians songo. Namely break through the customs of feudalism culture, like done by the scholars and guardian songo who plunge into the community perform da'wah. Judging from the track record of the political journey Jokowi Government which he lived with blusukan leadership model, which is closer to the small community, has led Jokowi in the highest seat of leadership, namely the president of the VII of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, this scientific paper, will explore and analyze the role of ulama in strengthening the government of the Republic of Indonesia, which is commanded by President Jokowi, the president of Indonesia to VII, So that can be seen how far the alignment of scholars and Muslims in Indonesia. Questions in the formulation of the problem in this writing is the role of scholars and Muslims in the Government of NKRI. Type of research used to answer these questions is the type of library research (library research), with the nature of descriptive analytic research with socio-political approach. Data obtained from journal books, laws, documentation, research reports and other sources relevant to the studied discussion. After all the data collected, then the next step is to analyze the data with explorative deductive analysis, that is how the political behavior of President Joko Widodo in his role against Muslims led by the scholars in Indonesia. After conducting a study of the data, this study drew the conclusion of a leader's social behavior affecting the government of his dreams. As in the case studied in this study, it was found that the role of scholars and Muslims has a strong influence to strengthen the government of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia.

Keywords: Role of Ulama and Moslem, Strengthening, Government of NKRI.

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INTRODUCTION central government of Indonesia with The name of the Great Ulama1 the capital of DKI today. So who brought Islamic reformation in also the cultures of Hindu Indonesia in the late 1800s and early and Christianity have long been 1900 AD not only studied in successfully adapted and interpreted Indonesia alone, but they studied for into the culture of Islam in the years in . It is recorded in homeland of Indonesia which is done history that the scholars of the through the da'wah of ulama and reformer were also studying to one of guardian songo in the land of Java. the teachers, who was also a man Of course, the da'wah done by the who came from Indonesia and was wali songo do not deviate from the the Imam of the Grand at teachings of Islam itself. And that that time. As is known all along, the certainly can be entertainment for the process of Islamic development in people of Indonesia, even up to now Indonesia passes through various still often we hear songs from figures epochs, including the times of the walisongo. This is the basic culture rosul and companions, the dynasty of that has been done by the wali songo the Abbasid dynasty, the era of the at the time, so that the current culture 'iyah dynasty, the time of Kemal of Indonesia stands firmly on the At-Tattur in Turkey, and during the basis of his country Pancasila. old Order. And the most influential and known in the island of Java is the RELIGION IN UNIVERSAL history of Islamic civilization in the PERSPECTIVE walisongo. History of Islamic Speaking of recognized journey with the existing leadership religions in Indonesia, namely Islam, model in Islam, then the entire Christianity, Buddhism and Indonesian Ulama agreed through the as well as the flow of figures or founthing father by belief, the concept of religion in a forming the government of the universal perspective, then the word Republic of Indonesia which piety should also apply to other currently Pancasila became the basis religions. The Indonesian context of of the State. the word piety has in fact been Walisongo journey has an accepted as a national idiom. And important role in the process of has become part of the doctrine of Islamic civilization in Java. Where KORPRI2 and TNI3. Thus, the the land of Java is the land of the problems that arise from every adherent of word piety above that has been 1 The great cleric is Shaykh Ahmad Khatib Al- Minangkabawi. So the journey of the scholars towards the spread of coloring the current 2 That is the doctrine of Panca Prasetya from KORPRI Indonesian government, which takes the form of (Korp Pegawai Republik Indonesia) Government of the Unitary State of the Republic of 3 That is the doctrine of Sapta Marga from TNI Indonesia (NKRI). (Indonesian National Army)

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translated lies in the interpretation of means to have tried to distort the each adherents or adherents. So that natural law, or sunnatullah. the role of scholars and Muslims in In other words, a person who the government of NKRI in manipulates the scales means "non- Indonesia actually strengthen the cautious". And Allah SWT is angry Government of President Joko with such a person. Such pious Widodo with the form of the Unitary interpretation is clearly more State of the Republic of Indonesia applicable. Not related to a particular (NKRI). religion. Any religious person if his Mathematician and actions follow sunnatullah, then philosopher Purworejo, Ikhsan including the cautious. On the other Haryono (2015), said that piety is hand, even if the religion is supposed to be applicable to Christian, but if the actualization of religions other than Islam. If piety Religious Values in Strengthening has an implementation meaning for a NKRI his actions do not follow real life. Ikhsan translates the word sunnatullah, then including people piety as an attitude and action that not cautious. So the consequence of obeys sunnatullah. Thus, the word this approach is very broad, piety is closely related to the notion depending on who uses it. For of obedience or human attachment to example, Muslims who destroy the the laws of nature. Ikhsan then gives forest include not cautious. Because an example to a fruit seller who the existence of forests is a "natural manipulates the scales, even though inevitability" to conserve and his religion is one in Indonesia, is not conserve natural resources. a cautious person. Conversely, a fruit In other cases, it can be seen seller who weighs properly, though the story of entering the paradise of a Buddhist, Christian or Muslim, is a prostitute rather than a murderer and cautious person. Manipulating the a robber who never wished to repent scales, at a glance the problem looks to Allah Almighty. Where a trivial. However, if viewed from a prostitute can give a drink to a thirsty cosmological perspective, animal in the middle of the desert manipulating the scale is the act of then a prostitute is sucking his "deviation of religious values" behavior by repenting to Allah swt against sunnatullah, namely for obtaining guidance from Allah mendestruksi law of gravity. As is swt. From this approach, Allah known, the weight of an object on Almighty may very much like the earth depends on the force of gravity repented prostitute then he is somewhere. Therefore, if one conscious of doing the behavior by manipulates the scales, the same does giving a drink to the thirsty dog. The not recognize the law of gravity. The word piety is deliberately described man who manipulates the scales in this writing because of the

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approach of "the role of scholars and religious pluralism is a necessity. Muslims in the strengthening of Indonesia as a pluralist country with NKRI government" where the its diverse cultures called Bhineka Indonesian society is very very Satu Ika. Where the population pluralist. embraces various religions, should This writing also explains the not have to worry that these religions religious teachings that exist in disrupt the integrity of NKRI. Again, Indonesia4. Of course, of the six it needs to be underlined, pluralism religions, Islam is the most dominant and multiculturalism is a necessity. A in the narrative of the establishment person becomes Christian or and strengthening the Republic of Buddhist, Muslim, or Hindu, and Indonesia in the current government. others are closely related to his Because Islam is the majority socio-cultural conditions. So that the religion of Indonesia. And the word mastery of religious values in piety in Islam is the "key" in the role Strengthening NKRI someone is of scholars and Muslims in destined to be born from a family or strengthening the Unitary State of the nation that embraces Islam, Republic of Indonesia. In discussing Christianity, Buddhism, the flow of the faith, so the understanding of belief, then the possibility is very piety in Islam should be compatible small to get out of that background. also with the "core teachings" of Since religion is something given, those religions. With the above tolerance and multiculturalism are approach, if the word piety can be inevitable. applied to other religions without any Yet in its development, it is problem of sacred narrative, then often the case that some religious every religion in Indonesia basically followers tend to form an exclusive has the same purpose: invites people religious worldview as opposed to to pursue the truth in life according the spirit of pluralism and to the sunnatullahnya contained in multiculturalism. This happens the government of NKRI there is this because religion is often better moment. understood as a sacred and absolute From this perspective, area. Not dipamahi in a broader Muslims in understanding the verses frame, especially the government of of the Qur'an (Al-Baqarah 62) The the Republic of Indonesia has given verse indicates that truth is universal. free space to each of its adherents to Therefore, if truth is the basis of embrace religion and belief. Even piety, then the meaning of piety is when religion is involved in even universal. From this perspective, then worldly affairs, it is still understood as the sacred and absolute sacrifice

4 Namely Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, of sacred duties. Because of the Buddhism and Confucianism, which is associated with support for the NKRI government value of a sacred, religious and

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cultural contact often creates tension. out how civilization is peaceful in Such conditions have occurred in Indonesia especially in Java land various regions that became centers during the walisongo and to how far of interreligious meetings such as in the role of scholars and Muslims in the Middle East, North Africa, the government of the Unitary Western Europe, and others. War Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). between Christians (Catholics and The expected benefit is this Protestants), then between Islam and writing, is expected to add insight for Christianity (the Crusade) became a writers and readers and can provide black record of the history of and increase knowledge about some religious life. matters concerning "the role of Later, the emergence of ISIS Islamic scholars and uamat in the (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), government of NKRI". which established the country of From this perspective, horror and terror in the Middle East, Muslims in understanding the verses and can be handled its spread in of the Qur'an5 (Al-Baqarah 62) The Indonesia and even crushed several verse indicates that truth is universal. times in Indonesia at the time teroro Therefore, if truth is the basis of bomb that occurred in Sarinah piety, then the meaning of piety is Jakarta recently, trauma among universal. From this perspective, then mankind. ISIS on behalf of Islam has religious pluralism is a necessity. spread terror to different people and Indonesia as a pluralist country with different religions. So the world its diverse cultures called Bhineka again realized that religion is a Satu Ika. Where the population potential conflict that can threaten embraces various religions, should humanity. not have to worry that these religions With the background of the disrupt the integrity of NKRI. Again, latest events such as ISIS terror is, it needs to be underlined, pluralism the role of scholars and Muslims of and multiculturalism is a necessity. A Indonesia again rearranged the line person becomes Christian or by continuing to massively perform Buddhist, Muslim, or Hindu, and da'wah in the followers of Islam to others are closely related to his Islam Islam should not be suspected socio-cultural conditions. So that the as the religion of the originator of mastery of religious values in terror. In this connection, this paper Strengthening NKRI someone is appreciates research on the role of scholars and Muslims in the 5 “Sesungguhnya orang-orang mukmin, orang-orang Yahudi, dan orang-orang Nasrani dan orang-orang Government of NKRI. Shabiin, siapa saja diantara mereka yang benar-benar The purpose of this paper is to beriman kepada Allah, hari Kemudian dan beramal saleh, mereka akan menerima pahala dari Tuhan YME know about the history of early mereka, tidak ada kekhawatiran kepada mereka, dan tidak (pula) mereka bersedih hati.” scholars in Indonesia and can find

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destined to be born from a family or and can be handled its spread in nation that embraces Islam, Indonesia and even crushed several Christianity, Buddhism, the flow of times in Indonesia at the time teroro belief, then the possibility is very bomb that occurred in Sarinah small to get out of that background. Jakarta recently, trauma among Since religion is something given, mankind. ISIS on behalf of Islam has tolerance and multiculturalism are spread terror to different people and inevitable. different religions. So the world Yet in its development, it is again realized that religion is a often the case that some religious potential conflict that can threaten followers tend to form an exclusive humanity. religious worldview as opposed to With the background of the the spirit of pluralism and latest events such as ISIS terror is, multiculturalism. This happens the role of scholars and Muslims of because religion is often better Indonesia again rearranged the line understood as a sacred and absolute by continuing to massively perform area. Not dipamahi in a broader da'wah in the followers of Islam to frame, especially the government of Islam Islam should not be suspected the Republic of Indonesia has given as the religion of the originator of free space to each of its adherents to terror. In this connection, this paper embrace religion and belief. Even appreciates research on the role of when religion is involved in even scholars and Muslims in the worldly affairs, it is still understood Government of NKRI. as the sacred and absolute sacrifice The purpose of this paper is to of sacred duties. Because of the know about the history of early value of a sacred, religious and scholars in Indonesia and can find cultural contact often creates tension. out how civilization is peaceful in Such conditions have occurred in Indonesia especially in Java land various regions that became centers during the walisongo and to how far of interreligious meetings such as in the role of scholars and Muslims in the Middle East, North Africa, the government of the Unitary Western Europe, and others. War Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). between Christians (Catholics and The expected benefit is this Protestants), then between Islam and writing, is expected to add insight for Christianity (the Crusade) became a writers and readers and can provide black record of the history of and increase knowledge about some religious life. matters concerning "the role of Later, the emergence of ISIS Islamic scholars and uamat in the (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), government of NKRI". which established the country of horror and terror in the Middle East,

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ISLAMIC MASS the Muslim minority, nationalism ORGANIZATIONS still gets its place.The three largest STRENGTHEN THE NKRI Islamic organizations in Indonesia, GOVERNMENT such as the Persatuan Islam (Persis) The three largest Islamic known as the puritan movement, as organizations in Indonesia6, such as well as the Ikatan Jamaah Ahulul the Persatuan Islam (Persis) known Bait Indonesia (IJABI), which is a as the puritan movement, as well as Shia representation and therefore a the Ikatan Jamaah Ahulul Bait part of the trans national movement; Indonesia (IJABI), which is a Shia Making the NKRI as a joint political representation and therefore a part of building that in strengthening and the trans national movement; Making strengthening the existence of NKRI. the NKRI as a joint political building IJABI7 in the Declaration of that in strengthening and Unity November 14, 2013 positioned strengthening the existence of NKRI. itself as a nation child born in IJABI in the Declaration of Indonesia and made Pancasila as the Unity November 14, 2013 positioned principle of statehood. Persis and itself as a nation child born in Matla'ul Anwar (MA) also placed the Indonesia and made Pancasila as the NKRI as the final building of the principle of statehood. Persis and state, by placing Pancasila as a Matla'ul Anwar (MA) also placed the philosophy and Islam as an aqidah. NKRI as the final building of the Indeed, in this study, the Islamic state, by placing Pancasila as a groups studied are Persis, Matla'ul philosophy and Islam as an aqidah. Anwar (MA) and IJABI, as Indeed, in this study, the Islamic representations of modernist, groups studied are Persis, Matla'ul traditionalist and Shiite groups. The Anwar (MA) and IJABI, as representations of modernist, 7 Pada tanggal 1 Juli 2000 di Gedung Merdeka dideklarasikanlah berdirinya organisasi massa Ikatan traditionalist and Shiite groups. The Jamaah AhlulBait Indonesi. Ormas ini dipelopori oleh tokoh intelektual Indonesia Dr. Jaluluddin Rakhmat, election of these three groups is M.Sc yang kini duduk sebagai ketua Dewan Syuro’. based on the need to cover moderate Kang Jalal (akrab disebut demikian) yang pakar komunikasi ini juga dikenal sebagai cendikiawan views of Islam from minority groups, muslim Indonesia. Kang Jalal mendirikan bersama beberapa orang diantaranya dua orang doktor dari ITB since the views of moderate Muslim yaitu Dimitri Mahayana dan Hadi Suwastio Pendirian majority such as IJABI tersebut tentunya didasarkan pada perkembangan yang digambarkan di atas. IJABI terdaftar secara resmi (NU) and , are di Departemen Dalam Negeri melalui Direktorat Jendral Kesatuan Bangsa dan Perlindungan Masyarakat nomor : widely known. The selection of these 127 Tahun 2000/D.I tanggal 11 Agustus 2000. Pendirian dan pengembangan IJABI ini memang three groups is also underpinned by a banyak dipelopori oleh para pencinta ahlulbait dari desire to prove that although among kalangan Syi’ah (imamiyah) tetapi misi IJABI adalah menghimpun seluruh pencinta ahlulbait dari kalangan manapun untuk melakukan kerja-kerja pemberdayaan 6 namely Persis, Ikatan Jamaah Ahlul Bait Indonesia mustadha’afin dan pencerahan pemikiran umat, yang (IJABI) and Mathlaul Anwar are the three major tampaknya dengan ormas yang ada sekarang akan sulit Islamic organizations that strengthen the government of efektif karena banyaknya kontaminasi politik yang bias NKRI. konflik politik.

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election of these three groups is the form of state of NKRI. So that based on the need to cover moderate the existence of religious values will views of Islam from minority groups, in fact Reinforce NKRI. Third, for since the views of moderate Muslim Catholics, the relationship of religion majority such as Nahdlatul Ulama and nationalism is represented by the (NU) and Muhammadiyah, are term Invocatio Dei, inviting God in widely known. The selection of these the life of a country. The meaning of three groups is also underpinned by a this term is religion is an essential desire to prove that although among part of the state, so one of the tasks the Muslim minority, nationalism of the state lies in the guarantee of still gets its place. religious rights. This is reinforced by Second, for Christians, the slogan of the Indonesian religion and nationalism are not independence struggle figure from contradictory. It is based on the Two Catholicism, namely Monsignor Laws of Love, namely love of God Soegijapranata, "100% Catholic, and fellow human beings. That is, 100% Indonesia". loving human beings do not That is, faith and nationality recognize territorial boundaries. So are not opisisi. Quite the contrary: every Christian must uphold nationality is the real manifestation humanity in all nationalities. In the of faith. This is based on the secular context of NKRI8, Christians apply assumption that Jesus established, the kingship of God, not the kingdom "Give Caesar what is rightfully grant of God. For the latter, the kingdom him what is his due (Matthew 22:21), of God must be in the form of an that is, the territory of the state is institution with clear territory. As for different from that of the divinity so kingship of God, the kingdom of that obedience to the government God is manifested through the does not reduce obedience Against application of the social values of the God Fourth, for the Hindu, Christ, not the institution of the nationalism is familiar in its history Christian state. Seloka Bhinneka Tunggal Ika which Thus, Christians can still is the motto of unity in difference, realize the kingship of God through taken from the philosophy of life during the longing of the Kingdom.Seloka, quoted from the 8 NKRI is a form of state that consists of a wide and scattered area with various customs, tribes, beliefs and Book of Sutasoma of the work of cultures that have the basic goal of becoming an independent nation, united, sovereign, just and Mpu Tantular illustrates the essence prosperous. The term of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia demands the 1945 Constitution of truth One because there is no Article 1 (1) reads as follows: The State of Indonesia is ambiguous truth (tanhana dharma the Unitary State, which is a Republic. This provision is described in Article 18 of the 1945 Constitution (1) mangwra). which states that the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provinces and provinces Thus, Indonesian nationality is divided into cities and districts, where each city, district and province have local government regulated By law. rooted in the history and culture of

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the Nusantara community where THE ROLE OF WALI SONGO9 Hinduism teachings are one of the FOR MUSLIMS IN JAVA LAND foundations of a strong view of life. 1. Maulana Therefore, feel to be part of (sunan gresik): RI nationality historicity, so still Maulana Malik Ibrahim or defend the unity of NKRI. Fifth, for Makdum Ibrahim As-Samarkandy Buddhists, the nationalist doctrine is thought to have been born in found in the Book of Sigalovada Samarkand, Central Asia, in the Sutta is the book xx Actualization of first half of the 14th century. The Religious Values in Strengthening Meehmanic Land of Jawi version the Unitary State of the Republic of called Asmarakandy, following Indonesia. In it, nationalism is based the pronunciation of the Javanese on a simple principle: "Do not let tongue against As-Samarkandy, evil happen in your kingdom". That turned into Asmarakandi. is, wherever Buddhists are, they must Maulana Malik Ibrahim is uphold the truth. Thus, nationalism is sometimes also called the Sheikh understood in two ways. First, the Maghribi. Some people also call it enforcement of the truth so that the Grandfather Pillow. He is related most important is not the pattern of to Maulana Ishaq, a famous cleric nationality, but the ability to uphold in Pasai Ocean, and father of the Dharma in the national territory. (Raden Paku). Ibrahim Second, love to fellow beings and Ishaq were the sons of a as a community service in the Persian cleric, named Maulana framework of life of the nation. Jumadil Kubro, a great scholar of Sixth, while for the Confucian Ahlussunnah with the Shafi'i who people, the importance of settled in Samarkand. Maulana nationalism lies in the loyalty of the Jumadil Kubro is believed to be people to the state, when the state is the tenth seed of Sayyidina able to prosper the people. As Hussein, the grandson of the described in the Book of Lun Yu, the Prophet (peace and government is based on virtues like blessings of Allaah be upon him). the north pole that remains in place, Maulana Malik Ibrahim had lived while the stars revolve around it. The State is guided by the Law, in order 9 Walisongo or Walisanga is known as the spreader of Islam in the land of Java in the 14th century. They live to keep the people from dropping in three important areas of the north coast of Java Island, namely -Gresik-Lamongan- in their self-esteem for injuring their , Demak-Kudus-Muria in , and in . Walisongo era is the end of the human dignity. Thus, nationalism era of Hindu-Buddhist dominance in the archipelago manifests in the role of the state to culture to be replaced with Islamic culture. They are symbols of the spread of Islam in Indonesia, especially realize the noble values that exist in Java. Of course, many other figures also play a role. Yet their enormous role in establishing the Islamic within the rule of law and its Kingdom in Java, as well as its influence on the wider culture and the da'wah directly, made these Walisongos founding philosophy. more widely spoken than others.

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in Campa, , and then voluntarily and became his Cambodia for 13 years since faithful followers. 1379. Sheikh Maulana Malik He married the daughter of Ibrahim also invited King Campa king named Dewi Brawijaya, king of Majapahit, to Candrawulan, who gave her two convert to Islam. But King sons, Raden Ali Rahmatullah Brawijaya insisted on maintaining () and Ali the old religion. Sheikh Maulana Murtadha alias Raden . In Malik Ibrahim is a wali who is 1392 Maulana Malik Ibrahim considered the father of the Wali moved to Java. In da'wah, Songo. After he built the Maulana Malik Ibrahim uses wise , he died in Gresik in and appropriate strategies based 822 H or M. His grave is now on the teachings of the Qur'an: located in Kampung Gapura, "Call (humankind) into the path of Gresik, East Java. your Lord with wisdom and good teaching, and debate with them in 2. Sunan Ampel: a good way." An Nahl: 125). In Sunan Ampel named Raden Java, Sheikh Maulana Malik Ali Rahmatullah is the eldest son Ibrahim is not only dealing with of Maulana Malik Ibrahim. Hindu society, but also has to be According to patient with non-believers as well and Lineage, in his as those who follow the heresy, as childhood Sunan Ampel known as well as to straighten the faith of Raden Rahmat. He was born in the Muslims mixed with Campa in 1401 AD The name polytheistic activities. On the Ampel himself, identified with the basis of this Islam, the teachings name of the place where he lived of Sheikh Maulana Malik Ibrahim long. In the Ampel or Ampeldenta grew rapidly in the Java land area, the area that is now part of community as adherents of the Surabaya (Wonokromo City now). largest Islamic teachings in Sunan Ampel's teachings to date Indonesia. Even in the existing have great influence on the people literature, Sheikh Maulana Malik of Java soil even spread Ibrahim also teaches agriculture throughout the corners of and medicine in Gersik land Indonesia through syiar Islamnya. which is the end of the land His famous teachings are Moh community of jawaahli agriculture Limo's philosophy or do not want and medicine. His good to do five disgraceful things: (1) personality attracted local people Moh Main or do not want to so they flocked to Islam gamble; (2) Moh Ngombe or do not want to drink wine or get

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drunk; (3) Moh Maling or Bonang, , Sunan unwilling to steal; (4) Moh Madat Kalijaga, Sunan Muria, Sunan or do not want to suck opium, City or , Sunan marijuana, and others; (5) Moh Kudus, and . Madon or do not want to commit Raden Patah or Sunan Kota was adultery / play a woman who is once a member of Wali Songo to not his wife. replace the position of one of the Prabu Brawijaya is very wali who died. With the pleased with Raden Rahmat's appointment of Sunan Ampel as result. The king considers the an elder, the other guardians are religion of Islam is a noble subservient to his words. character of noble character, so Including his fatwa in deciding when Raden Rahmat then war with the Majapahit. Sunan announced his teachings is the Ampel's attitude towards the old religion of Islam then King customs is very cautious, this is in Brawijaya not become angry, only accordance with the spread of when he was invited to Islam, he Islam in Indonesia which adopts did not want. He wants to be the from the teachings of the last Hindu King in Majapahit. specialist guardian songo Raden Rahmat is allowed to supported by Sunan Giri and broadcast Islam in the region of Sunan Drajad. Surabaya and even throughout the As it once was in the Majapahit region, with the notion deliberations of the Guardians at that the people should not be . At that forced. From here the role of time Sunan Kaljaga proposed that guardian songo and ulama put the Javanese customs such as foundation of the spread of Islam selamatan, bersaji, art of in the land of Java where Islam as and entered the sense of a peaceful religion for the people Islam. said Sunan of Indonesia. Kalijaga asked Sunan Ampel, "Is Raden Rahmat also it not worrying in the future that explained that there is no the old customs and ceremonies compulsion in religion. After will be considered as teachings Sheikh Maulana Malik Ibrahim that come from Islam? died, then Sunan Ampel was If it is left, it will be heresy. appointed as elder Wali Songo, as "In the consultation, Sunan Kudus mufti or Islamic religious leader answered Sunan Ampel's of the Land of Java. Some of the question," I agree with Sunan students and sons of Sunan Ampel Kalijaga's opinion that old himself are also members of Wali customs can still be directed to the Songo, they are Sunan Giri, Sunan religion of Tawheed then we will

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give him the color of Islam. While Sembuyu was restless, as did his the old customs and beliefs that queen, the case of their only clearly lead to our idolatry live daughter having fallen ill for altogether. For example, gamelan several months. It has been and shadow puppets, we can give attempted to bring in physicians it the color of Islam according to and healers to cure but the the taste of society. As to the princess has not healed as well. concerns of Kanjeng Sunan Indeed at that time the Kingdom Ampel, I have confidence that in of Blambangan was hit by a the future there will be one who creature or an outbreak of disease. perfected it. "The two seemingly Many have fallen victim. contradictory opinions actually According to the description of contain wisdom. The opinion of the babad of Java, the next day the Sunan Kalijaga and Sunan Kudus pain dies. The whole population is true that Islam is quickly was very concerned, mourning, accepted by Javanese, and this is and almost all the daily activities proven, because the two became totally stuck. On the Guardians are good at marrying advice of the empress, King old customs that can be tolerated Menak Sembuyu then held a by Islam, many contest, who can heal his daughter flock to Islam. In principle they will be taken son-in-law and who are willing to accept Islam first can drive outbreaks of disease in and little by little they will be Blambangan will be appointed as given understanding of the Regent or Raja Muda. The contest hygiene of in their faith. is spread across almost all corners Here is the basis of the spread of of the country. A day, two days, a Islamic teachings conducted by week, even months later no one the wali songo so that until now expressed his ability to follow the still a strong foundation in the contest. The consort grew more existing NKRI government today. saddened by her heart. Praku Menak Sembuyu tried to console 3. Sunan Giri (Sheikh Maulana his wife by assigning Patih Bajul Ishak): in the early 14th century Sengara to find a magician to cure CE, his daughter's illness. Patih Bajul was Sengara finally met with Resi ruled by Prabu Menak Sembuyu, Kandabaya who know the one of the descendants of King existence of a powerful figure of Majapahit from the country across. The Kingdom. The king and his people person in question is Sheikh are Hindus and some are Maulana Ishak who is preaching Buddhists. One day, Prabu Menak secretly in the country of

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Blambangan.Patih Bajul Sengara 4. : can meet with Sheikh Maulana Sunan Bonang named Ishak who was talking in a cave. original Sheikh Maulana Makdum After negotiations that the king Ibrahim, son of Sunan Ampel and and people of Blambangan want Dewi Condrowati who often to be invited to Islam then Sheikh called Nyai Ageng Manila. Thus Maulana Ishak willing to come to Raden Makdum is one of Prince Blambangan palace. He is good at Majapahit. As a teenager, Radem the field of science ketabiban, Makdum Ibrahin and Raden Paku Princess Dewi Sekardadu healed continued Islamic studies in Pasai. after being treated. Pegebluk also They learn to Shaykh Awalul disappeared from the Blambangan Islam or the real father of Sunan region. As per the promise of the Giri or Raden Paku, Sheikh king then Sheikh Maulana Ishak Maulana Ishak. married with Dewi Sekardadu and Method of propagation of given the position as Duke to Sunan Bonang; In dakwah, Raden control part of Blambangan Makdum Ibrahim is often using region. folk art to attract their sympathy, How to propagate Raden which is a set of gamelan called Paku; He preached in a way while Bonang. Bonang is a kind of brass sailing he broadcast Islam to the that is highlighted in the middle. local population so that his name When the lump was beaten with is quite famous in the archipelago. softwoods came a melodious Over time the trade activity did voice in the ears of the local not satisfy his heart. Raden Paku people. The songs taught by bertafakur in a quiet cave, only Raden Makdum Ibrahim are bermunajat to God in the village tembang which contains the of Kembangan and Kebonmas. He teachings of Islam. So without the founded pesantren in Sidomukti feeling the population has been village, the pesantren was called studying Islam with pleasure, not Pesantren Giri. Giri in Sanskrit by coercion. Students Raden means mountain. The way of Makdum Ibrahim is very much, preaching of the guardians of this both located in Tuban, Bawean songo which then disebakan by Island, , Surabaya and the scholars in a peaceful way Madura. Because he often uses without coercion even to the point bonang in da'wah then the ii the scholars in Indonesia still community gave him the title of continue to preach to spread to the Sunan Bonang. people of Indonesia. Literary works of Sunan Bonang; He also created literary works called suluk. Until now the

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literary work of Sunan Bonang is Bonang. His religious beliefs tend considered as a very great literary to follow the Sufis. He also uses work, full of beauty and the the arts and culture as a means to meaning of religious life. The facilitate da'wah. Currently the literary work of Sunan Bonang is scholars still use the patterns and still used today by the ulama and methods of Kalijaga sunan and the Islamic community as a the culture of spreading Islam symbol of the spread of Islam that nowadays has been passed down has been carried out for many from generation to generation in years so that many Indonesian Indonesia. people embrace the Islamic Sunan Kalijaga is also very religion. concerned about local culture or Currently, Suluk Sunan local wisdom (local wisdom) Bonang is stored neatly at Leiden which is currently being University Library, Netherlands. promoted by the government of Suluk is derived from , President Joko widodo with the namely salakattariiqa. That is, priority is the development and taking the path () or the formation of pariswisata area. path. Science is often called the That is, since the first guardian science of seclusion. The usual songo had developed the concept teaching is delivered with sekar or of appreciating local wisdom in tembang called suluk. Whereas the surrounding area. Sunan when expressed in ordinary in the Kalijaga also believes that people form of prose called wirid. Sunan will stay away if attacked its Bonang died in 1525. His grave establishment. Then they should be approached gradually, 5. Sunan Kalijaga following while affecting. Sunan Sunan Kalijaga has the Kalijaga believes that if Islam is original name Raden Said. He is understood, by itself the old the son of Duke of Tuban, habits will disappear. There are Tumenggung Wilatikta. He was parties who think that Sunan born around 1450 AD Raden Said Kalijaga combines Islamic once studied with Sunan Bonang. teachings with other religious Raden Said is famous as Sunan teachings (syncretism), Sunan Kalijaga. Kalijaga means one Kalijaga uses carving, wayang, who guards the river. Because he gamelan, and sound art as a voice had been imprisoned by the river. of dakwah. She made money in Method of preaching Sunan celebration of patent, grebeg Kalijaga; in dakwah, he has the maulud, Layang Kalimasada, same pattern with the teacher as puppet of Petruk Jadi Raja. The well as his close friend, Sunan central city landscape is a palace,

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the square with two banyan trees by the NKRI government and the mosque is believed to be especially President Joko Widodo the work of Sunan Kalijaga. as well as Tut Wuri Handayani has existed since the time of the 6. Sunan Kudus guardian songo Sunan Kudus, Sunan Kudus is the Which means following from original name of Ja'far Sadiq, son behind to the behavior and of Raden Usman Haji who holds customs of the people but Sunan Ngudung from Jipang attempted to influence little by Panolan and Syarifah (Sunan little and apply the principle Tut Bonang's sister). In addition to Wuri Hangiseni. That is, follow teaching his own religion to his from behind while filling the father, Raden Ja'far Sadiq also teachings of the existing religion. studied with several famous Islam implements peaceful scholars, among them Kiai Ageng dissemination without coercion Telingsing, Ki Ageng Ngerang, and non-violence in the and Sunan Ampel. Kiai Ageng community. And avoid direct Telingsing's real name is The Ling confrontation in broadcasting Sing, he is a scholar from Islam. In the end may change the who came to Java Island with customs and beliefs of society that Admiral General Cheng Hoo. are not in accordance with the Method of Sunan Kudus teachings of Islam but with the preaching; Strategy of approach to principle does not dispel society the masses. Let the old customs from Muslims. This da'wah and beliefs be difficult to change. strategy applied by Sunan The section which is not in Kalijaga, Sunan Bonang, Sunan accordance with the teachings of Muria, Sunan Kudus, and Sunan Islam but easy to change then Gunungjati. Because their strategy immediately eliminated. Dakwah in preaching is not the same as the methods of the scholars that exist line set by Sunan Ampel then they today apply a lot of patterns to are called the or Tuban. change the customs of Indonesian Sunan Ampel's opinion, supported society atheism as well as by Sunan Giri and Sunan Drajad, drinking and party by violating is called Putihan or Giri. agaa values. So the pattern of Embracing Hindu society; Sunan Kudus much adopted by in Kudus at that time many of the the scholars that exist today in inhabitants were Hindus and order to dispel kufuran that exist Buddhists. To invite them to Islam in Indonesian society. would not be an easy job. Pattern Method of Especially those who still embrace leadership that is widely applied the old belief and hold firm to the

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old customs, the amount is not Kudus was not much different small. It was in such a society that from Hindu temples. Thus, after Ja'far Shadiq had to fight for the sympathy was successfully religion. One day Sunan Kudus or obtained will field the way to Raden Ja'far Sadiq bought a cow invite people flock to convert to (in another narration called Kebo Islam. Gumarang). The cow is from Embracing Buddhist India. The cow is moored in the society; After the mosque stands, yard of Sunan Kudus. The Hindu Sunan Kudus makes a pad or people, mostly Hindus, were wudlu place with a shower that moved, wondering what Sunan amounts to eight. Each shower is Kudus would do to the cow. The statued with Kebo Gumarang head cow in view of Hinduism is the on it. This is adapted to the sacred animal that becomes the Buddhist teachings of "Eightfold vehicle of the gods. Cow slaughter Path" or "Asta Sanghika Marga" is a sin committed by the gods. that is: (1) having correct Then what will Sunan Kudus do? knowledge, (2) making correct After the growing number of decisions. (3) Says right. (4) live people, Sunan Kudus came out of the right way. (5) works correctly. his house and said, "Sedulur- (6) worship properly. (7) live the sedulur that I respect, all my religion correctly. With this effort, relatives sometimes I love, I many Buddhists are curious, for forbid brothers hurt let alone what Sunan Kudus put a symbol slaughter cows. Because when I of the Buddha's will in the was little, I had a dangerous time, padasan. So they came to the almost died of thirst and a cow mosque to listen to the Sunan came to feed me." Kudus. Selamatan mitoni; as is Hearing the cheerful, the known, many Javanese people Hindus admires. They thought who do strange customs, which Raden Ja'far Sadiq was the contrary to the teachings of Islam, incarnation of Lord Vishnu, so such as sending offerings in the they were willing to listen to his cemetery to show condolences or lecture. The community is grieving over the death of one increasingly interested, when family member, selamatan neloni, hearing a lecture from Sunan mitoni, and others. Sunan Kudus Kudus that in the Qur'an there is a is very concerned about the ritual surah Al Baqarah which means ceremonies, and try his best to cow. They want to know more and change or direct it in the form of for that they must often come to Islami. This is done also by Sunan hear the Sunan Kudus. The form Kalijaga and Sunan Muria. of a mosque made by Sunan

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7. Sunan Drajad 8. Sunan Muria Sunan Drajad has Raden Sunan Muria has the real Qasim's real name, son of Sunan name of Raden Umar Said. He is Ampel with Dewi Condrowati and the son of Sunan Kalijaga with is the sister of Raden Makdum Dewi Saroh. In da'wah, he uses a Ibrahim or Sunan Bonang. Raden subtle way. His residence on Qasim was ordered by his father Mount Muria is one of its peaks to preach in the west of Gresik, named Colo. It is located north of the empty area of the great Holy City. His targets of scholars between Tuban and preaching are traders, fishermen, Gresik. Then Raden Qasim built a sailors, and commoners. He is the strategic dakwah place on Dalem only guardian who retains the art Duwur hill, which is now built the of gamelan and wayang as a Sunan Drajad museum, while the propagation tool to convey Islam. tomb of Sunan Drajad lies to the west of the museum. 9. Sunan Gunungjati Method of propagation of Sunan Gunungjati has the Sunan Drajad; Raden Qasim is a original name Syarif Hidayatullah. white-backed supporter led by He is the son of the great Egyptian Sunan Giri. That is, in preaching descendants of Bani Hashim from propagate the religion of Islam, he , Sharif Abdullah embraced a straight path, a path Maulana Huda with Syarifah that is not tortuous. Religion must HidayatMudaim, a princess of the be practiced straight and true king of Pajajaran. Syarif according to the teachings of the Hidayatullah continue the efforts Prophet. Must not be mixed with of Sheikh Datuk Kahfi open old customs and keperceyaan. Pesantren Gunungjati. So Syarif Even so, he also uses folk art as a Hidayatullah better known as tool of propaganda. The famous Sunan Gunungjati. Sunan Drajad teachings are: (1) Al In spreading Islam in Java, qur'an (2) (3) Ijma '(4) he does not work alone, he often Qiyas (5) teachings of teachers participates in deliberation with and educators such as Sunan other members of the guardian at Ampel or his parents (6) teachings Demak Mosque. Even he also and thoughts or (7) Traditions in helped the founding of Demak existing local communities that Mosque. In da'wah, Sunan are in accordance with Islamic Gunungjati embraces a plain teachings (8) Sunan Drajad's own Middle East tendency. But he also fatwa. approached the people by building infrastructure in the form of roads that connect between regions.

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Syarif Hidayatullah studied convince the knowledge of religion since the age of 14 years ketauhidan to Allah SWT. The from the scholars of . He success of Islamization of Java is the had traveled to various countries. result of walisongo struggle and hard Following the establishment of the work that became the basic Sultanate of Bintoro Demak, and foundation of the spread of Islam by on the blessing of other scholars, the scholars that exist today and he established the Sultanate of strengthen the government of NKRI Cirebon, also known as the President Joko Widodo. The process Pakungwati Sultanate. Thus of Islamization is largely peaceful, Sunan Gunungjati is the leader of almost without conflict, political or the government. cultural. Although there are conflicts at once the scale is very small, so it is CONCLUSION not as impressive as war, violence or From the research found cultural coercion, so the population several conclusions of several points, of Java embraces Islam voluntarily. namely: First; For Muslims, religion Secondly, the Organization of and nationalism do not conflict with Islamic Communities (Persons), the government of the Republic of namely Persis, Ikatan Jamaah Ahulul Indonesia On the contrary, Islam Bait Indonesia (IJABI) and Mathaul teaches love to the homeland and Anwar are the three major Islamic submission to the government as organizations that strengthen the long as he does not deviate from the government of NKRI. Where is the Islamic Shari'a. The role of Persatuan Islam (Persis) known as walisongo first appeared, starting the puritan movement, as well as the from the island of Java. Wali songo Ikatan Jamaah Ahulul Bait Indonesia is the spreader of Islam in Indonesia (IJABI) which is a Shia which makes many changes for representation and therefore becomes Muslims in Indonesia that also part of the trans national movement; strengthen the government of NKRI. Making the NKRI as a joint political In the spread of the religion of Islam, building that in strengthening and many challenges and obstacles are strengthening the existence of NKRI. experienced for the upholding of true religion and in accordance with the SUGGESTION shari'ah of Islam. Especially in After we know briefly about carrying out the da'wah, many the role of scholars in the walisonga using traditional tools that Government of the Republic of already exist in the existing area Indonesia or in the method of Islamic dimedan to preach. With patience da'wah in Indonesia, especially in and persistence possessed by the Java. The author understands in this walisongo, able to teach and writing will be an important role of

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